EP 0858662 A4 20010418 - LOWER-ENERGY HYDROGEN METHODS AND STRUCTURES
Title (en)
LOWER-ENERGY HYDROGEN METHODS AND STRUCTURES
Title (de)
VERFAHREN UND VORRICHTINGEN IN BEZUG AUF DIE NIEDRIGENENERGIE-SPEKTREN VOM WASSERSTOFF
Title (fr)
PROCEDES ET DISPOSITIFS RELATIFS AUX NIVEAUX INFERIEURS D'ENERGIE D'HYDROGENE
Publication
Application
Priority
- US 9607949 W 19960531
- US 46705195 A 19950606
- US 59271296 A 19960126
Abstract (en)
[origin: WO9642085A2] Methods and apparatus for releasing energy from hydrogen atoms (molecules) by stimulating their electrons to relax to quantized lower energy levels and smaller radii (smaller semimajor and semiminor axes) than the "ground state" by providing energy sinks or means to remove energy resonant with the hydrogen energy released to stimulate these transitions. An energy sink, energy hole, can be provided by the transfer of at least one electron between participating species including atoms, ions, molecules, and ionic and molecular compounds. In one embodiment, the energy hole comprises the transfer of t electrons from one or more donating species to one or more accepting species whereby the sum of the ionization energies and/or electron affinities of the electron donating species minus the sum of the ionization energies and/or electron affinities of the electron accepting species equals approximately mX27.21 eV (mX48.6 eV) for atomic (molecular) hydrogen below "ground state" transitions where m and t are integers. The present invention further comprises a hydrogen spillover catalyst, a multifunctionality material having a functionality which dissociates molecular hydrogen to provide free hydrogen atoms which spill over to a functionality which supports mobile free hydrogen atoms and a functionality which can be a source of the energy holes. The energy reactor includes one of an electrolytic cell, a pressurized hydrogen gas cell, and a hydrogen gas discharge cell. A preferred pressurized hydrogen gas energy reactor comprises a vessel; a source of hydrogen; a means to control the pressure and flow of hydrogen into the vessel; a material to dissociate the molecular hydrogen into atomic hydrogen, and a material which can be a source of energy holes in the gas phase. The gaseous source of energy holes includes those that sublime, boil, and/or are volatile at the elevated operating temperature of the gas energy reactor wherein the exothermic reaction of electronic transitions of hydrogen to lower energy states occurs in the gas phase.
IPC 1-7
IPC 8 full level
B01J 19/00 (2006.01); C01B 3/00 (2006.01); F02G 1/043 (2006.01); G21B 1/00 (2006.01); G21B 3/00 (2006.01)
CPC (source: EP KR)
F02G 1/043 (2013.01 - EP KR); G21B 3/00 (2013.01 - EP KR); F02G 2243/52 (2013.01 - EP KR); F02G 2254/11 (2013.01 - EP KR); Y02E 30/10 (2013.01 - EP)
Citation (search report)
No further relevant documents disclosed
Designated contracting state (EPC)
AT BE CH DE DK ES FR GB GR IE IT LI LU MC NL PT SE
DOCDB simple family (publication)
WO 9642085 A2 19961227; WO 9642085 A3 19970424; AU 6146596 A 19970109; AU 705379 B2 19990520; BR 9608924 A 20001121; CA 2218895 A1 19961227; CA 2218895 C 20010828; CN 1099305 C 20030122; CN 1187146 A 19980708; EP 0858662 A2 19980819; EP 0858662 A4 20010418; HU P9901773 A2 19990928; HU P9901773 A3 20020628; JP 2001523331 A 20011120; JP 2003238103 A 20030827; JP 2008201671 A 20080904; KR 19990022396 A 19990325; MX 9709701 A 19980731; PL 186102 B1 20031031; PL 324187 A1 19980511; RU 2180458 C2 20020310; TR 199701501 T1 19980221
DOCDB simple family (application)
US 9607949 W 19960531; AU 6146596 A 19960531; BR 9608924 A 19960531; CA 2218895 A 19960531; CN 96194486 A 19960531; EP 96919010 A 19960531; HU P9901773 A 19960531; JP 2003008354 A 20030116; JP 2008078173 A 20080325; JP 50238597 A 19960531; KR 19970708876 A 19971205; MX 9709701 A 19971205; PL 32418796 A 19960531; RU 98100073 A 19960531; TR 9701501 T 19960531