(19)
(11)EP 2 863 453 B1

(12)EUROPEAN PATENT SPECIFICATION

(45)Mention of the grant of the patent:
16.05.2018 Bulletin 2018/20

(21)Application number: 14171828.8

(22)Date of filing:  10.06.2014
(51)International Patent Classification (IPC): 
H01M 2/20(2006.01)
H01M 10/0525(2010.01)
H01M 2/34(2006.01)

(54)

Battery module

Batteriemodul

Module de batterie


(84)Designated Contracting States:
AL AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB GR HR HU IE IS IT LI LT LU LV MC MK MT NL NO PL PT RO RS SE SI SK SM TR

(30)Priority: 21.10.2013 KR 20130125380

(43)Date of publication of application:
22.04.2015 Bulletin 2015/17

(73)Proprietor: Samsung SDI Co., Ltd.
Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do (KR)

(72)Inventors:
  • Han, Minyeol
    Gyeonggi-do (KR)
  • Yoon, Haekwon
    Gyeonggi-do (KR)
  • Byun, Sangwon
    Gyeonggi-do (KR)

(74)Representative: Mounteney, Simon James 
Marks & Clerk LLP 90 Long Acre
London WC2E 9RA
London WC2E 9RA (GB)


(56)References cited: : 
EP-A1- 2 541 649
EP-A1- 2 768 069
US-A1- 2013 252 038
EP-A1- 2 733 770
WO-A1-2012/157855
  
      
    Note: Within nine months from the publication of the mention of the grant of the European patent, any person may give notice to the European Patent Office of opposition to the European patent granted. Notice of opposition shall be filed in a written reasoned statement. It shall not be deemed to have been filed until the opposition fee has been paid. (Art. 99(1) European Patent Convention).


    Description

    Background


    1. Field



    [0001] The present invention relates to a battery module.

    2. Description of the Related Art



    [0002] A lithium ion secondary battery may be used in a small-sized electronic device, such as a notebook computer or a smart phone. Recently developed lithium ion secondary batteries may have advantageous characteristics, including high output power, high capacity, and lightness in weight, as compared to other types of secondary batteries, and they may be widely used in hybrid vehicles or electric vehicles.

    [0003] A lithium ion secondary battery used in a hybrid vehicle or an electric vehicle typically have a relatively high capacity, and it is sensible to provide a safety device against overcharge or puncture. Such a safety device may rapidly cut off a charge or discharge path when the lithium ion secondary battery is overcharged or punctured.

    [0004] EP 2733770A1 discloses a battery module comprising a plurality of battery cells and a short circuit module.

    [0005] EP 2768069A1 discloses a battery module having the features of the preamble of Claim 1.

    [0006] US 2013/252038A1 discloses a battery module provided with means for protecting the battery cells from damage as a result of the overcharge of a single cell.

    [0007] WO 2012/157855A1 relates to a battery module having over discharge, over charge and over current protection.

    [0008] EP 2541649A1 discloses a rechargeable secondary battery having a short circuit protection mechanism.

    SUMMARY



    [0009] The invention seeks to provide a battery module that has improved safety in relation to overcharge and puncture.

    [0010] Accordingly, the invention provides a battery module as set out in Claim 1.

    [0011] Optional features of the invention are set out in Claims 2 to 11.

    BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS



    [0012] 

    FIGS. 1A and 1B illustrate a perspective view and a partially exploded perspective view of a battery module according to an embodiment of the invention;

    FIGS. 2A, 2B, and 2C illustrate a perspective view, a horizontal sectional view, and a vertical sectional view of a battery cell of a battery module according to an embodiment of the invention;

    FIGS. 3A and 3B illustrate perspective views of fuses in a battery cell of a battery module according to an embodiment of the invention;

    FIG. 4A illustrates a horizontal sectional view showing a relationship between a battery cell and a short circuit member in a battery module according to an embodiment of the invention;

    FIGS. 4B and 4C illustrate enlarged sectional views showing a relationship between a membrane and a short circuit member before and after a short circuit occurs when a battery module is overcharged;

    FIGS. 5A to 5C illustrate circuit views showing an operation of a battery module according to an embodiment when the battery module is overcharged;

    FIG. 6 illustrates a horizontal sectional view of a state in which a battery module according to an embodiment is punctured by a conductor;

    FIGS. 7A and 7B illustrate circuit views showing an operation of a battery module according to an embodiment when the battery module is punctured; and

    FIGS. 8A and 8B illustrate conceptual diagrams of an operation of a battery module according to an embodiment when the battery module is punctured.


    DETAILED DESCRIPTION



    [0013] Embodiments of the invention will now be described more fully hereinafter with reference to the accompanying drawings; however, the invention may be embodied in different forms and should not be construed as limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey suitable implementations to those skilled in the art.

    [0014] In the drawing figures, the dimensions of layers and regions may be exaggerated for clarity of illustration. Like reference numerals refer to like elements throughout.

    [0015] As used herein, the term "and/or" includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.

    [0016] The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting. As used herein, the singular forms are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. It will be further understood that the terms "comprises" and/or "comprising," when used in this specification, specify the presence of stated features, integers, steps, operations, elements, and/or components, but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, steps, operations, elements, components, and/or groups thereof.

    [0017] It will be understood that, although the terms first, second, etc. may be used herein to describe various members, elements, regions, layers and/or parts, these members, elements, regions, layers and/or parts should not be limited by these terms. These terms are only used to distinguish one member, element, region, layer and/or part from another member, element, region, layer and/or part. Thus, for example, a first member, element, region, layer, and/or part discussed below could be termed a second member, element, region, layer, and/or part without departing from the teachings of the present application.

    [0018] In addition, as used herein, the term "short circuit member" may mean an element for improving both overcharge safety and puncture safety of a battery module. Further, as used herein, the term "short circuit member" may not mean that it is installed in each battery cell, but rather may mean that one short circuit member is installed at an exterior side of a battery module having a plurality of battery cells arranged in a row.

    [0019] FIGS. 1A and 1B illustrate a perspective view and a partially exploded perspective view of a battery module (10) according to an embodiment of the invention.

    [0020] As illustrated in FIGS. 1A and 1B, the battery module 10 according to this embodiment includes a plurality of battery cells 100, a plurality of bus bars 200, and a short circuit member 300.

    [0021] The plurality of battery cells 100 are, arranged in a row. In the following description, a first battery cell 100a is a battery cell positioned first (e.g., at one end of the row) among the plurality of battery cells 100 arranged in the row, and a second battery cell 100b is a battery cell positioned last (e.g., at another or opposite end of the row) among the plurality of battery cells 100 arranged in the row. Other battery cells are positioned between the first battery cell and the second battery cell, but this is not essential.

    [0022] Each of the plurality of battery cells 100 includes, e.g., a case 110, a cap plate 150 (covering the case 110), and a first terminal (e.g., a positive electrode terminal) 160a and a second terminal (e.g., a negative electrode terminal) 160b protruding upwardly through the cap plate 150. The cap plate 150 is a portion of the case 110, and the case 110 and the cap plate 150 provides the battery cell 100 with a generally prismatic shape.

    [0023] The first terminal 160a is electrically connected to the cap plate 150, and the case 110 and the cap plate 150 may have the same polarity (e.g., a positive polarity) as the first terminal 160a. The cap plate 150 further includes a membrane 155 that faces or protrudes downwardly or inwardly in a normal state of operation of the battery cell and may be inverted (to face or protrude upwardly or outwardly) in an overcharged state due to an increase in an internal pressure of the battery cell.

    [0024] The membrane 155 is formed on the same plane with the first terminal 160a and the second terminal 160b. For example, outer edges of the membrane 155 are parallel with a surface of the first terminal 160a or the second terminal 160b. The membrane 155 is closer to the second terminal 160b of one of the battery cells than to the first terminal 160a of the one battery cell. In an alternative embodiment, the membrane 155 may be formed in another suitable location on the battery cell.

    [0025] The cap plate 150 further includes a vent 153 (for releasing internal gas to the outside during overcharge), and a plug 152 (for closing an electrolyte injection hole through which an electrolytic solution is injected in the manufacturing process). A configuration of each of the battery cells 100 will be described below in more detail.

    [0026] The plurality of bus bars 200 electrically connect the plurality of battery cells 100 in series. For example, the plurality of bus bars 200 may electrically connect the first terminal 160a (or the second terminal 160b) at one side of one of the battery cells 100 to the second terminal 160b (or the first terminal 160a) of a side of another of the battery cells 100 that is adjacent to the one battery cell 100. Alternatively, the plurality of bus bars 200 may electrically connect the plurality of battery cells 100 in parallel.

    [0027] The short circuit member 300 is mechanically or physically connected or attached to the first battery cell 100a. The short circuit member 300 is electrically connected to the second battery cell 100b. When the battery module 10 is in a normal state of operation (e.g., when the battery module 10 is not overcharged and/or is otherwise functioning normally), the short circuit member 300 may be only mechanically connected to the first battery cell 100a, without being electrically connected thereto and may be electrically connected to only the second battery cell 100b. An insulation layer is interposed between the first battery cell 100a and the short circuit member 300.

    [0028] The short circuit member 300 may be a conductor made of, e.g., copper, a copper alloy, aluminum, an aluminum alloy, iron, an iron alloy, stainless steel, or the like.

    [0029] In this embodiment, the short circuit member 300 includes a base region 310, a first extension region 320, and a second extension region 330.

    [0030] The base region 310 is mechanically or physically connected to an outside or exterior of the first battery cell 100a by, e.g., an adhesive layer. As described above, the first battery cell 100a has the case 110, which includes a long sidewall (having a relatively large area) and a short sidewall connected to the long sidewall (and having a relatively small area, e.g., an area smaller than the area of the long sidewall). The base region 310 of the short circuit member 300 may be attached to an outside of the long sidewall through or with an insulation layer therebetween. In this embodiment, an area of the base region 310 is about equal to or slightly smaller than the area of the long sidewall. Alternatively, the area of the base region 310 may be larger than the area of the long sidewall.

    [0031] The first extension region 320 extends upwardly by a predetermined length from the base region 310 and is positioned at a region corresponding to or overlying the membrane 155 of the first battery cell 100a. The first extension region 320 is bent at least once, and an end of the first extension region 320 is positioned on or overlying the membrane 155. The membrane 155 and the first extension region 320 may not be short circuited to each other in a normal state of operation of the battery module 10, and may be short circuited to each other in an overcharged state of the battery module 10. The width of the first extension region 320 is smaller than the width of the base region 310.

    [0032] The second extension region 330 laterally extends from the base region 310 to be electrically connected to the second battery cell 100b. The second extension region 330 is bent at least once, and an end of the second extension region 330 is electrically connected to the second terminal 160b of the second battery cell 100b. The end of the second extension region 330 is welded to the second terminal 160b of the second battery cell 100b. A width of the second extension region 330 is smaller than the width of the base region 310. The second extension region 330 may be insulated from the cases 110 of each of the first and second battery cells 100a and 100b through or due to an insulation layer therebetween.

    [0033] According to this embodiment, overcharge safety may be improved on a module basis. For example, one short circuit member 300 need not be installed within or corresponding to each of the battery cells 100, but rather may be installed at an exterior side of the battery module 10 to make an overcharge current of the battery module 10 bypassed through the short circuit member 300 in the event of an overcharge of the battery module 10.

    [0034] When the battery module 10 is overcharged, the membrane 155 (that may be been previously electrically connected to the first terminal 160a of the first battery cell) may be inverted to then also be electrically connected to the first extension region 320 of the short circuit member 300. Accordingly, the overcharge current may be bypassed to the outside of the battery module 10 through the first extension region 320, the base region 310, and the second extension region 330 of the short circuit member 300, thereby improving the overcharge safety of the battery module 10.

    [0035] FIGS. 2A, 2B, and 2C illustrate a perspective view, a horizontal sectional view, and a vertical sectional view of a battery cell of a battery module according to an embodiment of the invention. FIGS. 3A and 3B illustrate perspective views of fuses formed in a battery cell of a battery module according to an embodiment of the invention.

    [0036] As illustrated in FIGS. 2A to 2C, each of the battery cells 100 includes a case 110, an electrode assembly 120, a first collector plate 130a, a first insulation part 140a, a second collector plate 130b, a second insulation part 140b, a cap plate 150, a first terminal 160a, and a second terminal 160b.

    [0037] Referring to FIG. 2C, the number of electrode assemblies 120 may be two, or the number of electrode assemblies 120 may be smaller than or greater than two. The case 110 may be referred to as a can. In an implementation, the case 110 may includes the cap plate 150.

    [0038] Each case 110 includes a pair of long sidewalls 111a and 111b (which may be roughly planar and may face each other), a pair of short sidewalls 112a and 112b (which may connect the long sidewalls 111a and 111b and may face each other), and a bottom wall 113 connecting the long sidewalls 111a and 111b and the short sidewalls 112a and 112b. An area of each of the long sidewalls 111a and 111b is larger than an area of each of the short sidewalls 112a and 112b. The case 110 has a top open region sealed by the cap plate 150. The electrode assembly 120 is accommodated in the case 110 with an electrolytic solution. The case 110 may be made of one of, e.g., aluminum, an aluminum alloy, copper, a copper alloy, iron, an iron alloy, stainless steel, or the like.

    [0039] Each electrode assembly 120 may includes a pair of long side regions 120a and 120b (which may be roughly planar and may face each other), and a pair of short side regions 120c and 120d (which may connect the long side regions 120a and 120b and may face each other). An area of each of the long side regions 120a and 120b is larger than an area of each of the short side regions 120c and 120d. In addition, the electrode assembly 120 includes a first non-coating region (i.e., a first uncoated portion) 121a that is not coated with a first active material (not shown) and a second non-coating region (i.e., a second uncoated portion) 122a that is not coated with a second active material (not shown) extending a predetermined length in opposite directions. The first non-coating region 121a extends and protrude a predetermined length in one direction through the long side regions 120a and 120b and the short side regions 120c and 120d, and the second non-coating region 122a extends and protrudes a predetermined length in another direction (opposite to the one direction) through the long side regions 120a and 120b and the short side regions 120c and 120d. The first and second non-coating regions 121a and 122a of the electrode assembly 120 extend a predetermined length toward the short sidewalls 112a and 112b of the case 110.

    [0040] Each electrode assembly 120 is formed by winding or stacking a first electrode plate 121, a second electrode plate 122, and a separator 123 between the first and second electrode plates 121 and 122, which may have a thin plate or film shape. The first electrode plate 121 may function as a positive electrode, and the second electrode plate 122 may function as a negative electrode. Alternatively, the first electrode plate 121, and the second electrode plate 122 may function oppositely.

    [0041] The first electrode plate 121 may be formed by applying a first electrode active material (e.g., a transition metal oxide) to a first electrode current collector formed of metal foil (e.g., aluminum or an aluminum alloy). The first electrode plate 121 includes a first non-coating portion 121a to which the first electrode active metal is not applied. The first electrode non-coating portion 121a may function as a current flow passage between the first electrode plate 121 and a first collector plate 130a.

    [0042] The second electrode plate 122 may be formed by applying a second electrode active material (e.g., graphite or carbon) to a second electrode current collector formed of metal foil (e.g., aluminum or copper foil or alloys thereof). The second electrode plate 122 includes a second electrode non-coating portion 122a to which the second electrode active metal is not applied. The second electrode non-coating portion 122a may function as a current flow passage between the second electrode plate 122 and a second collector plate 130b. The first and second electrode plates 121 and 122 may have different polarities with respect to one another.

    [0043] The separator 123 is situated between the first electrode plate 121 and the second electrode plate 122 to help prevent a short circuit and to facilitate movement of charges (such as lithium ions). The separator 123 may be formed of, e.g., a polyethylene film, a polypropylene film, a composite film including polyethylene and polypropylene, or the like.

    [0044] As described above, the electrode assembly 120 is accommodated in the case 110 together with an electrolytic solution. The electrolytic solution may include an organic solvent, e.g., ethylene carbonate (EC), propylene carbonate (PC), diethyl carbonate (DEC), ethyl methyl carbonate (EMC), dimethyl carbonate (DMC), and a lithium salt, e.g., LiPF6 or LiBF4. In an implementation, the electrolytic solution may be in a liquid, solid, or gel phase.

    [0045] The first collector plate 130a is positioned inside the case 110 and is electrically connected between the first terminal 160a and the electrode assembly 120. The first collector plate 130a includes a first region 131a electrically connected to the first terminal 160a, a second region 132a bent from the first region 131a and electrically connected to the first non-coating region 121a of the electrode assembly 120, and a bent region 133a formed between the first region 131a and the second region 132a. Further, the second region 132a includes a third region 134a welded to the first non-coating region 121a. With this configuration, the electrode assembly 120 may be constructed such that it substantially clings to the first collector plate 130a. For example, the electrode assembly 120 may be pulled down from the first collector plate 130a because of gravity, and a bottom region of the electrode assembly 120 may be spaced a predetermined distance apart from the bottom wall 113 of the case 110.

    [0046] A substantially rectangular fuse hole 135a is formed in the first region 131a of the first collector plate 130a, and a fuse 136a having a relatively small sectional area is formed at each of two opposite sides of the fuse hole 135a. A width of each of the fuses 136a is smaller than a width of the first region 131a or the second region 132a. In order to form the fuses 136a, a through hole formed in the first region 131a is illustrated in FIG. 3A. As shown in FIG. 3B, cut-out portions 435a may alternatively be formed at opposite sides of the fuse 436a.

    [0047] The fuse 136a may be melted (e.g., may be meltable) by heat generated due to an overcurrent flowing in an event of an external short circuit or an overcharge of the battery cell 100 to cut off a charge and/or discharge current, thereby improving the safety of the battery cell 100.

    [0048] In addition, coupling holes 137a and 138a (to which a fastening region 161a of the first terminal 160a and a coupling protrusion 164a may be coupled) are formed in the first region 131a of the first collector plate 130a.

    [0049] The first collector plate 130a may include, e.g., aluminum, an aluminum alloy, titanium, stainless steel, gold, tantalum, niobium, hafnium, zirconium, vanadium, indium, cobalt, tungsten, tin, beryllium, molybdenum, or alloys thereof. In an implementation, when the first collector plate 130a is made of aluminum, the fuse 136a may also be made of aluminum. A melting point of aluminum is approximately 659 °C. Thus, if the temperature of the fuse 136a rises to approximately 659°C due to overcharge, the fuse 136a may be naturally melted and cut (e.g., may be cutable). The longer the time taken for the fuse 136a to be melted and cut, the longer an arc discharge time may be, and thus the battery cell 100 may be internally unstable.

    [0050] The first insulation part 140a roughly surrounds the first region 131a of the first collector plate 130a, is positioned between the cap plate 150 and the first region 131a of the first collector plate 130a, and surrounds the fastening region 161a of the first terminal 160a, a flange 163a, and the first region 131a of the first collector plate 130a. The first insulation part 140a includes an upper region 141a interposed between the first region 131a of the first collector plate 130a and the flange 163a of the first terminal 160 and the cap plate 150, and approximately four side regions 142a surrounding the first region 131a of the first collector plate 130a, the fastening region 161a of the first terminal 160a and the flange 163a. The first insulation part 140a may be formed of, e.g., polyphenylene sulfide (which may be stable or non-reactive with the electrolytic solution) or the like.

    [0051] The cap plate 150 covers an open region of the case 110 while allowing the first terminal 160a to be exposed or protruded to the outside. A boundary between the case 110 and the cap plate 150 may be welded using laser beams. An electrolytic solution injection hole 161 is formed in the cap plate 150 and may be closed by a plug 16. A vent 163 (having a relatively small thickness) is also be formed in the cap plate 150. The cap plate 150 may be made of the same material as the case 110.

    [0052] The cap plate 150 includes a through hole 154 and a membrane 155 closing or covering the through hole 154. The through hole 154 and the membrane 155 are formed between the second terminal 160b and the vent 153. In an alternative, the through hole 154 and the membrane 155 may be formed at other suitable locations. The membrane 155 may have a thickness that is smaller than that of the cap plate 150, and may be convexly formed or may protrude or point toward the electrode assembly 120 in a normal state (e.g., in a state in which the battery cell is not overcharged or is otherwise operating normally). The membrane 155 may be convexly formed by being inverted in a direction away from the electrode assembly 120 (e.g., may convexly protrude or point away from the electrode assembly) in response to to an increase in an internal pressure of the battery cell in an abnormal state (e.g., in a state in which the battery cell is overcharged). The membrane 155 may electrically short circuit to the first extension region 310 of the short circuit member 300, e.g., the membrane 155 may be short circuitable to the first extension region 310 of the short circuit member 300.

    [0053] The first terminal 160a is electrically connected to the first collector plate 130a and may pass through the cap plate 150 to then outwardly extend a predetermined length. More specifically, the first terminal 160a is coupled to the first region 131a of the first collector plate 130a and passes through the first insulation part 140a and the cap plate 150 to then outwardly extend a predetermined length. The first terminal 160a is electrically and mechanically coupled to the coupling hole 137a in the first region 131a of the first collector plate 130a and includes the pillar-shaped fastening region 161a, and a fixing region 162a fixed to the fastening region 161a and outside the case 110 or the cap plate 150 and coupled with a bus bar (not shown).

    [0054] A plate-shaped flange 163a horizontally extends a predetermined length and inside the case 110 or the cap plate 150 of the fastening region 161a. The flange 163a includes the downwardly extending coupling protrusion 164a (coupled to another coupling hole 138a in the first region 131a of the first collector plate 130a). A top surface of the flange 163a may be brought into close contact with the upper region 141a of the first insulation part 140a. A predetermined space is provided between the flange 163a and the side region 142a of the first insulation part 140a. The fuses 136a and the bent region 133a of the first collector plate 130a are positioned in the space.

    [0055] The fastening region 161a, the fixing region 162a, the flange 163a, and the coupling protrusion 164a (constituting the first terminal 160a) may include, e.g., aluminum, an aluminum alloy, or the like.

    [0056] The fastening region 161a above the cap plate 150 iscoupled to the fixing region 162a to then be riveted or welded, and the fastening region 161a and the coupling protrusion 164a below the cap plate 150 are coupled to the coupling holes 137a and 138a in the first region 131a of the first collector plate 130a to then be riveted or welded.

    [0057] The fastening region 161a of the first terminal 160a pases through the cap plate 150, and a seal gasket 171a is formed on its outer circumference. Therefore, the first terminal 160a may be insulated from the cap plate 150. The seal gasket 171a may be formed of, e.g., perfluoroalkoxy (which may be inert or non-reactive with the electrolytic solution).

    [0058] An upper insulation part 172a is interposed between the fixing region 162a and the case 110. The upper insulation part 172a may be brought into close contact with the seal gasket 171a. The upper insulation part 172a may insulate the first fixing region 162a and the cap plate 150 from each other. In an implementation, the upper insulation part 172a may be formed of, e.g., polyphenylene sulfide (which may be inert or non-reactive with the electrolytic solution).

    [0059] For example, in a battery in which the case 110 and the cap plate 150 are positively charged, the fixing region 162a and the cap plate 150 may be electrically connected to each other through a high resistance member (not shown).

    [0060] Configurations of the second collector plate 130b, the second insulation part 140b, and the second terminal 160b may be basically the same as those of the first collector plate 130a, the first insulation part 140a, and the first terminal 160a, respectively. A fuse hole 135b and a fuse 136b are provided in the second collector plate 130b. The fuse hole 135b and the fuse 136b need not be provided in the second collector plate 130b. The second collector plate 130b may be made of copper or a copper alloy. Copper has a melting point of approximately 1,083 °C, which is higher than that of aluminum. For example, before the fuse 136b of the second collector plate 130b starts to operate (e.g., melt), the fuse 136a of the first collector plate 130a operates first, so that a charge current and/or a discharge current is cut off. In order to further improve the safety of the battery cell 100, as shown in FIG. 2B, the fuse hole 135b and the fuse 136b of the second collector plate 130b are provided.

    [0061] FIG. 4A illustrates a horizontal sectional view showing a relationship between a battery cell (100) and a short circuit member (300) in a battery module (10) according to an embodiment of the invention. FIGS. 4B and 4B illustrate partial enlarged sectional views showing a relationship between a membrane (155) and a short circuit member (300) before and after a short circuit occurs when a battery module (10) is overcharged.

    [0062] As illustrated in FIG. 4A, an insulation layer 340 is provided in or on a base region 310 of the short circuit member 300 to be connected or attached to the long sidewall 111b of the case 110. The base region 310 is attached to the outside, not the inside, of the case 110. A first extension region 320 of the short circuit member 300 upwardly extends from the base region 310 by a predetermined length to then be bent in a direction parallel with the cap plate 150. For example, the first extension region 320 of the short circuit member 300 may be positioned on or overlying the membrane 155 (that is formed on or in the cap plate 150). The second extension region 330 of the short circuit member 300 is electrically connected to the second terminal (i.e., a negative electrode terminal) 160b of the battery cell 100. The second extension region 330 of the short circuit member 300 is insulated from the case 110 of the battery cell 100 through the insulation layer 340.

    [0063] As illustrated in FIG. 4B, the first extension region 320 of the short circuit member 300 may not be short circuited to the membrane 155 in a normal state (e.g., when the battery cell 100 is not overcharged and/or is otherwise functioning normally). However, as illustrated in FIG. 4C, the first extension region 320 of the short circuit member 300 may be short circuited to the membrane 155 in an abnormal state (e.g., when the battery cell 100 is overcharged). For example, the membrane 155 may be short circuitable if the battery cell 100 is overcharged, gases are generated from an electrolytic solution or an active material, and the internal pressure of the battery cell 1 00 increases. Accordingly, the previously downwardly or inwardly convex membrane 155 may be inverted to be upwardly or outwardly convex, so that the membrane 155 (and the terminal of the first battery cell electrically connected thereto) is short circuited to the first extension region 320 of the short circuit member 300 (and the terminal of the second battery electrically connected thereto).

    [0064] FIGS. 5A to 5C illustrate circuit views showing an operation of a battery module (10) according to an embodiment when the battery module is overcharged.

    [0065] As illustrated in FIG. 5A, the battery module 10 may include five battery cells 100 connected to each other in series, and each may include a fuse 136a and a short circuit member 300 (having a switch 155 between the first battery cell 100a and the second battery cell 100b). For example, the switch 155 may substantially correspond to the membrane 155. In an implementation, when the battery module 10 is overcharged, an overcharge current may flow from the first battery cell 100a to the second battery cell 100b.

    [0066] As illustrated in FIG. 5B, if the battery module 10 is overcharged, the membrane 155 of the first battery cell 100a may operate to be short circuited to the short circuit member 300. In a circuit view, the switch 155 is turned on. For example, if the battery module 10 is overcharged, the internal pressure of the battery cell 1 00 may increase, so that the membrane 155 may be pushed outwardly and inverted to be short circuited to the short circuit member 300.

    [0067] As illustrated in FIG. 5C, if the battery module 10 is overcharged, the fuse 136a of the first battery cell 100a may be melted and cut for the first time, so that a charge current may not be supplied to the battery cells 100, but rather is bypassed through the switch, i.e., the membrane 155, and the short circuit member 300. For example, the fuse 136a of the first battery cell 100a may be melted and cut for the first time because the charge current may be supplied to the first battery cell 100a for the first time. In an implementation, the state shown in FIGS. 5B and 5C may be established almost at the same time.

    [0068] As described above, according to an embodiment of the invention, when the battery module 10 is overcharged, a charge current may not be supplied to the battery cells 100, but rather may be bypassed through the short circuit member 300, thereby improving overcharge safety of the battery module 10.

    [0069] FIG. 6 illustrates a horizontal sectional view showing a state in which a battery module (10) according to an embodiment of the invention is punctured by a conductor (350).

    [0070] As illustrated in FIG. 6, a needle-shaped, conductor 350 may puncture the short circuit member 300 and the first battery cell 100a. Accordingly, the short circuit member 300 and the case 110 of the first battery cell 100a may be directly short circuited to each other by the conductor 350.

    [0071] FIGS. 7A and 7B illustrate circuit views showing an operation of a battery module (10) according to an embodiment of the invention when the battery module is punctured.

    [0072] As illustrated in FIGS. 7A and 7B, if the, e.g., needle-shaped, conductor 350 causes the short circuit member 300 and the case 110 of the first battery cell 100a to be directly short circuited to each other, a bypass short circuit current passage may be formed between the first battery cell 100a and the second battery cell 100b.

    [0073] For example, an overcurrent may flow between the first battery cell 100a and the second battery cell 100b in a larger amount than an allowable current, thereby melting the fuse 136a of the first battery cell 100a. Therefore, as soon as the, e.g., needle-shaped, conductor 350 punctures the first battery cell 100a, the bypass short circuit current passage may be formed between the first battery cell 100a and the second battery cell 100b, thereby improving puncture safety of the battery module 10.

    [0074] FIGS. 8A and 8B illustrate conceptual diagrams showing an operation of a battery module (10) according to an embodiment of the invention when the battery module is punctured.

    [0075] As illustrated in FIGS. 8A and 8B, when the, needle-shaped, conductor 350 punctures the first battery cell 100a, a short circuit current may flow through the first terminal (i.e., the positive electrode terminal) 160a of the first battery cell 100a, the case 110 of the first battery cell 100a, the needle-shaped conductor 350, the short circuit member 300, the plurality of battery cells 100, and the second terminal (i.e., the negative electrode terminal) 160b of the first battery cell 100a. For example, the short circuit current may be higher than or equal to an allowable current, and the fuse 136a of the first battery cell 100a may be melted and cut. Therefore, the case 110 of the first battery cell 100a may be electrically separated from the positive electrode of the electrode assembly 120, so that the polarity of the case 110 of the first battery cell 100a may be eliminated.

    [0076] As described above, when the needle-shaped, conductor 350 punctures the short circuit member 300 and the first battery cell 100a, the energy of the first battery cell 100a may be rapidly reduced by the short circuit member 300. In addition, as the fuse 136a is melted and cut, the polarity of the case 110 of the first battery cell 100a, e.g., a positive polarity, may be eliminated. Accordingly, the puncture safety of the first battery cell 100a may be improved.

    [0077] Embodiments of the invention have been disclosed herein, and although specific terms are employed, they are used and are to be interpreted in a generic and descriptive sense only and not for purpose of limitation. In some instances, as would be apparent to one of ordinary skill in the art as of the filing of the present application, features, characteristics, and/or elements described in connection with a particular embodiment may be used singly or in combination with features, characteristics, and/or elements described in connection with other embodiments unless otherwise specifically indicated. Accordingly, it will be understood by those of skill in the art that various changes in form and details may be made without departing from the scope of the present invention as set forth in the following claims.


    Claims

    1. A battery module (10), comprising:

    a plurality of battery cells (100) arranged in a row;

    a plurality of bus bars (200) connecting electrical terminals of adjacent cells so that the plurality of battery cells (100) are in series; and

    a short circuit member (300) that is mechanically connected to a first battery cell (100a) among the plurality of battery cells (100) and that is electrically connected to an electrical terminal of a second battery cell (100b) among the plurality of battery cells (100) in the same row;

    wherein the first battery cell (100a) further includes a membrane (155) that is electrically short-circuitable to the short circuit member (300), in response to an overcharge of the battery module (10);

    wherein the short circuit member (300) includes:

    a base region (310) that is mechanically connected to a side wall of the first battery cell (100a);

    a first extension region (320) that extends from the base region (310) and whose end overlies the membrane (155) of the first battery cell (100a); and

    a second extension region (330) that extends from the base region (310) and that is electrically connected to an electrical terminal of the second battery cell (100b);

    whereby a short-circuit between the second battery cell and the membrane (155) may be formed by the second extension region (330), the base region (310) and the first extension region (320) in series;

    characterised in that

    each of the first and second battery cells (100a, 100b) includes an electrode assembly (120), a case (110) accommodating the electrode assembly (120), and a first terminal (160a) and a second terminal (160b) passing through the case (110) and outwardly extending from the electrode assembly (120),

    the case (110) includes a long sidewall and a short sidewall, the short sidewall having smaller area than an area of the long sidewall,

    the base region (310) of the short circuit member (300) is on the long sidewall, and

    the area of the long sidewall is about equal to an area of the base region (310).


     
    2. A battery module (10) as claimed in claim 1, wherein:

    the first battery cell (100a) is positioned at one end of the row and

    the second battery cell (100b) is positioned at the other end of the row.


     
    3. A battery module (10) as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein the membrane (155) is invertable in response to an increase in an internal pressure of the first battery cell (100a) to then be electrically short circuited to the short circuit member (300), in response to the overcharge of the battery module (10).
     
    4. A battery module (10) as claimed in any preceding claim, further comprising an insulation layer (340) between the first battery cell (100a) and the base region (310).
     
    5. A battery module (10) as claimed in any preceding claim, wherein:

    each of the first and second battery cells (100a, 100b) includes an electrode assembly (120), a case (110) accommodating the electrode assembly (120), and a first terminal (160a) and a second terminal (160b) passing through the case (110) and extending from the electrode assembly (120), and

    the second extension region (330) of the short circuit member (300) is electrically connected to the second terminal of the second battery cell.


     
    6. A battery module (10) as claimed in claim 5, further comprising an insulation layer between the second extension region (330) of the short circuit member (300) and the first battery cell (100a) and between the second extension region (330) of the short circuit member (300)and the second battery cell (100b) except for the second terminal (100b).
     
    7. A battery module (10) claimed in claim 5 or 6, wherein:

    the case of the first battery cell (100a) and the first terminal (160a) of the first battery cell (100a) are electrically connected to each other, and

    the membrane (155) of the first battery cell (100a) is in the case (110) of the first battery cell (100a).


     
    8. A battery module (10) as claimed in claim 7, wherein each of the first and second battery cells (100a, 100b) further includes a fuse (136a) formed between the electrode assembly (120) and the first terminal (160a).
     
    9. A battery module (10) as claimed in claim 8, wherein, the fuse (136a) is meltable and/or breakable, in response to an overcharge of the battery module (10).
     
    10. A battery module (10) as claimed in claim 8 or 9, wherein, in response to a conductor puncturing the short circuit member (300) and the case (110) of the first battery cell (100a):

    the case (110) of the first battery cell (100a) and the short circuit member (300) are short-circuited to each other by the conductor,

    a current flows in the fuse (136a) in an amount larger than a current that melts the fuse (136a), and

    an electrical connection between the case (110) and the electrode assembly (120) is cut off to eliminate a polarity of the case (110).


     
    11. A battery module (10) as claimed in claim 5, wherein the membrane (155) is substantially parallel with the first terminal (160a) and the second terminal (160b).
     


    Ansprüche

    1. Batteriemodul (10), umfassend:

    eine Vielzahl von Batteriezellen (100), die in einer Reihe angeordnet sind;

    eine Vielzahl von Sammelschienen (200), die elektrische Anschlüsse von benachbarten Zellen verbinden, sodass die Vielzahl von Batteriezellen (100) in Reihe sind; und

    ein Kurzschlusselement (300), das mit einer ersten Batteriezelle (100a) unter der Vielzahl von Batteriezellen (100) mechanisch verbunden ist und das mit einem elektrischen Anschluss einer zweiten Batteriezelle (100b) unter der Vielzahl von Batteriezellen (100) in der gleichen Reihe verbunden ist;

    wobei die erste Batteriezelle (100a) ferner eine Membran (155) enthält, die mit dem Kurzschlusselement (300) als Reaktion auf eine Überladung des Batteriemoduls (10) elektrisch kurzschließbar ist;

    wobei das Kurzschlusselement (300) Folgendes enthält:

    eine Basiszone (310), die mit einer Seitenwand der ersten Batteriezelle (100a) mechanisch verbunden ist;

    einen ersten Erstreckungsbereich (320), der sich von der Basiszone (310) erstreckt und dessen Ende über der Membran (155) der ersten Batteriezelle (100a) liegt; und

    einen zweiten Erstreckungsbereich (330), der sich von der Basiszone (310) erstreckt und der mit einem elektrischen Anschluss der zweiten Batteriezelle (100b) elektrisch verbunden ist;

    wobei ein Kurzschluss zwischen der zweiten Batteriezelle und der Membran (155) durch den zweiten Erstreckungsbereich (330), die Basiszone (310) und den ersten Erstreckungsbereich (320) in Reihe gebildet sein kann;

    dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass

    jede der ersten und der zweiten Batteriezelle (100a, 100b) eine Elektrodenanordnung (120), ein Gehäuse (110), das die Elektrodenanordnung (120) aufnimmt, und einen ersten Anschluss (160a) und einen zweiten Anschluss (160b) enthält, die durch das Gehäuse (110) verlaufen und sich nach außen von der Elektrodenanordnung (120) erstrecken,

    das Gehäuse (110) eine lange Seitenwand und eine kurze Seitenwand enthält, wobei die kurze Seitenwand eine kleinere Fläche als eine Fläche der langen Seitenwand hat,

    die Basiszone (310) des Kurzschlusselements (300) an der langen Seitenwand ist, und

    die Fläche der langen Seitenwand ungefähr gleich einer Fläche der Basiszone (310) ist.


     
    2. Batteriemodul (10) nach Anspruch 1, wobei:

    die erste Batteriezelle (100a) an einem Ende der Reihe positioniert ist und

    die zweite Batteriezelle (100b) an dem anderen Ende der Reihe positioniert ist.


     
    3. Batteriemodul (10) nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, wobei die Membran (155) als Reaktion auf eine Zunahme eines Innendrucks der ersten Batteriezelle (100a) umkehrbar ist, um dann als Reaktion auf die Überladung des Batteriemoduls (10) mit dem Kurzschlusselement (300) elektrisch kurzschließbar zu sein.
     
    4. Batteriemodul (10) nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, ferner umfassend eine Isolierschicht (340) zwischen der ersten Batteriezelle (100a) und der Basiszone (310).
     
    5. Batteriemodul (10) nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, wobei:

    jede der ersten und der zweiten Batteriezelle (100a, 100b) eine Elektrodenanordnung (120), ein Gehäuse (110), das die Elektrodenanordnung (120) aufnimmt, und einen ersten Anschluss (160a) und einen zweiten Anschluss (160b) enthält, die durch das Gehäuse (110) verlaufen und sich von der Elektrodenanordnung (120) erstrecken, und

    der zweite Erstreckungsbereich (330) des Kurzschlusselements (300) mit dem zweiten Anschluss der zweiten Batteriezelle elektrisch verbunden ist.


     
    6. Batteriemodul (10) nach Anspruch 5, ferner umfassend eine Isolierschicht zwischen dem zweiten Erstreckungsbereich (330) des Kurzschlusselements (300) und der ersten Batteriezelle (100a) und zwischen dem zweiten Erstreckungsbereich (330) des Kurzschlusselements (300) und der zweiten Batteriezelle (100b) außer dem zweiten Anschluss (100b).
     
    7. Batteriemodul (10) nach Anspruch 5 oder 6, wobei:

    das Gehäuse der ersten Batteriezelle (100a) und der erste Anschluss (160a) der ersten Batteriezelle (100a) elektrisch miteinander verbunden sind, und

    die Membran (155) der ersten Batteriezelle (100a) in dem Gehäuse (110) der ersten Batteriezelle (100a) ist.


     
    8. Batteriemodul (10) nach Anspruch 7, wobei jede der ersten und der zweiten Batteriezelle (100a, 100b) ferner eine Sicherung (136a) enthält, die zwischen der Elektrodenanordnung (120) und dem ersten Anschluss (160a) gebildet ist.
     
    9. Batteriemodul (10) nach Anspruch 8, wobei die Sicherung (136a) als Reaktion auf eine Überladung des Batteriemoduls (10) schmelzbar und/oder zerstörbar ist.
     
    10. Batteriemodul (10) nach Anspruch 8 oder 9, wobei, als Reaktion darauf, dass ein Leiter das Kurzschlusselement (300) und das Gehäuse (110) der ersten Batteriezelle (100a) durchsticht:

    das Gehäuse (110) der ersten Batteriezelle (100a) und das Kurzschlusselement (300) durch den Leiter miteinander kurzgeschlossen sind,

    ein Strom in der Sicherung (136a) in einer Menge fließt, die größer als ein Strom ist, der die Sicherung (136a) schmilzt, und

    eine elektrische Verbindung zwischen dem Gehäuse (110) und der Elektrodenanordnung (120) unterbrochen ist, um eine Polarität des Gehäuses (110) zu beseitigen.


     
    11. Batteriemodul (10) nach Anspruch 5, wobei die Membran (155) im Wesentlichen parallel zu dem ersten Anschluss (160a) und dem zweiten Anschluss (160b) ist.
     


    Revendications

    1. Module de batterie (10), comprenant :

    une pluralité de cellules de batterie (100) agencées en une rangée ;

    une pluralité de barres omnibus (200) connectant les bornes électriques de cellules adjacentes de sorte que la pluralité de cellules de batterie (100) soient en série ; et

    un élément de court-circuit (300) qui est relié mécaniquement à une première cellule de batterie (100a) parmi la pluralité de cellules de batterie (100) et qui est connecté électriquement à une borne électrique d'une deuxième cellule de batterie (100b) parmi la pluralité de cellules de batterie (100) dans la même rangée ;

    dans lequel la première cellule de batterie (100a) comprend en outre une membrane (155) qui peut être mise en court-circuit électrique avec l'élément de court-circuit (300), en réponse à une surcharge du module de batterie (10) ;

    dans lequel l'élément de court-circuit (300) comprend :

    une région de base (310) qui est reliée mécaniquement à une paroi latérale de la première cellule de batterie (100a) ;

    une première région d'extension (320) qui s'étend de la région de base (310) et dont l'extrémité recouvre la membrane (155) de la première cellule de batterie (100a) ; et

    une deuxième région d'extension (330) qui s'étend de la région de base (310) et qui est connectée électriquement à une borne électrique de la deuxième cellule de batterie (100b) ;

    moyennant quoi un court-circuit entre la deuxième cellule de batterie et la membrane (155) peut être formé par la deuxième région d'extension (330), la région de base (310) et la première région d'extension (320) en série ;

    caractérisé en ce que

    chacune des première et deuxième cellules de batterie (100a, 100b) comprend un ensemble d'électrodes (120), un boîtier (110) logeant l'ensemble d'électrodes (120), et une première borne (160a) et une deuxième borne (160b) passant à travers le boîtier (110) et s'étendant à l'extérieur de l'ensemble d'électrodes (120),

    le boîtier (110) comprend une longue paroi latérale et une courte paroi latérale, la courte paroi latérale ayant une aire plus petite qu'une aire de la longue paroi latérale,

    la région de base (310) de l'élément de court-circuit (300) est sur la longue paroi latérale, et

    l'aire de la longue paroi latérale est à peu près égale à une aire de la région de base (310).


     
    2. Module de batterie (10) selon la revendication 1, dans lequel :

    la première cellule de batterie (100a) est positionnée à une extrémité de la rangée, et

    la deuxième cellule de batterie (100b) est positionnée à l'autre extrémité de la rangée.


     
    3. Module de batterie (10) selon la revendication 1 ou 2, dans lequel la membrane (155) peut être inversée en réponse à une augmentation d'une pression interne de la première cellule de batterie (100a) pour être alors mise en court-circuit électrique avec l'élément de court-circuit (300), en réponse à la surcharge du module de batterie (10).
     
    4. Module de batterie (10) selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, comprenant en outre une couche d'isolement (340) entre la première cellule de batterie (100a) et la région de base (310).
     
    5. Module de batterie (10) selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans lequel :

    chacune des première et deuxième cellules de batterie (100a, 100b) comprend un ensemble d'électrodes (120), un boîtier (110) logeant l'ensemble d'électrodes (120), et une première borne (160a) et une deuxième borne (160b) passant à travers le boîtier (110) et s'étendant de l'ensemble d'électrodes (120), et

    la deuxième région d'extension (330) de l'élément de court-circuit (300) est connectée électriquement à la deuxième borne de la deuxième cellule de batterie.


     
    6. Module de batterie (10) selon la revendication 5, comprenant en outre une couche d'isolement entre la deuxième région d'extension (330) de l'élément de court-circuit (300) et la première cellule de batterie (100a) et entre la deuxième région d'extension (330) de l'élément de court-circuit (300) et la deuxième cellule de batterie (100b), à l'exception de la deuxième borne (100b).
     
    7. Module de batterie (10) selon la revendication 5 ou 6, dans lequel :

    le boîtier de la première cellule de batterie (100a) et la première borne (160a) de la première cellule de batterie (100a) sont connectés électriquement l'un à l'autre, et

    la membrane (155) de la première cellule de batterie (100a) est dans le boîtier (110) de la première cellule de batterie (100a).


     
    8. Module de batterie (10) selon la revendication 7, dans lequel chacune des première et deuxième cellules de batterie (100a, 100b) comprend en outre un fusible (136a) formé entre l'ensemble d'électrodes (120) et la première borne (160a).
     
    9. Module de batterie (10) selon la revendication 8, dans lequel le fusible (136a) peut fondre et/ou est cassable, en réponse à une surcharge du module de batterie (10).
     
    10. Module de batterie (10) selon la revendication 8 ou 9, dans lequel, en réponse à la perforation, par un conducteur, de l'élément de court-circuit (300) et du boîtier (110) de la première cellule de batterie (100a) :

    le boîtier (110) de la première cellule de batterie (100a) et l'élément de court-circuit (300) sont mis en court-circuit l'un avec l'autre par le conducteur,

    un courant circule dans le fusible (136a) en une quantité supérieure à un courant qui fait fondre le fusible (136a), et

    une connexion électrique entre le boîtier (110) et l'ensemble d'électrodes (120) est coupée pour éliminer une polarité du boîtier (110).


     
    11. Module de batterie (10) selon la revendication 5, dans lequel la membrane (155) est sensiblement parallèle à la première borne (160a) et à la deuxième borne (160b).
     




    Drawing












































    Cited references

    REFERENCES CITED IN THE DESCRIPTION



    This list of references cited by the applicant is for the reader's convenience only. It does not form part of the European patent document. Even though great care has been taken in compiling the references, errors or omissions cannot be excluded and the EPO disclaims all liability in this regard.

    Patent documents cited in the description