(19)
(11)EP 3 863 876 B1

(12)EUROPEAN PATENT SPECIFICATION

(45)Mention of the grant of the patent:
10.08.2022 Bulletin 2022/32

(21)Application number: 19786733.6

(22)Date of filing:  02.10.2019
(51)International Patent Classification (IPC): 
B60K 1/00(2006.01)
B60K 17/28(2006.01)
B60K 23/08(2006.01)
B60K 1/04(2019.01)
B60K 17/356(2006.01)
(52)Cooperative Patent Classification (CPC):
B60K 1/04; B60K 1/00; B60Y 2200/221; B60K 17/356; B60K 17/28; B60K 23/08; Y02T 10/70; Y02T 10/7072; Y02T 90/14; Y02T 90/12
(86)International application number:
PCT/EP2019/076696
(87)International publication number:
WO 2020/074342 (16.04.2020 Gazette  2020/16)

(54)

ELECTRIC UTILITY VEHICLE DRIVELINE RECHARGING

AUFLADUNG DES ANTRIEBSSTRANGS FÜR ELEKTRISCHE NUTZFAHRZEUGE

RECHARGE DE CHAÎNE CINÉMATIQUE DE VÉHICULE UTILITAIRE ÉLECTRIQUE


(84)Designated Contracting States:
AL AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB GR HR HU IE IS IT LI LT LU LV MC MK MT NL NO PL PT RO RS SE SI SK SM TR

(30)Priority: 11.10.2018 GB 201816590

(43)Date of publication of application:
18.08.2021 Bulletin 2021/33

(73)Proprietor: AGCO International GmbH
8212 Neuhausen am Rheinfall (CH)

(72)Inventor:
  • BRENNINGER, Martin
    87616 Marktoberdorf (DE)

(74)Representative: AGCO Intellectual Property Department 
AGCO Limited Abbey Park Stoneleigh
Kenilworth CV8 2TQ
Kenilworth CV8 2TQ (GB)


(56)References cited: : 
EP-A1- 0 693 392
US-A1- 2012 247 846
US-A1- 2009 223 724
US-B2- 8 469 127
  
      
    Note: Within nine months from the publication of the mention of the grant of the European patent, any person may give notice to the European Patent Office of opposition to the European patent granted. Notice of opposition shall be filed in a written reasoned statement. It shall not be deemed to have been filed until the opposition fee has been paid. (Art. 99(1) European Patent Convention).


    Description


    [0001] The present invention relates to driveline/transmission systems for utility vehicles, particularly self-propelled agricultural machines such as farm tractors, and more particularly to such systems for electrically powered vehicles.

    [0002] It is known that conventional agricultural vehicles such as tractors powered by internal combustion engines are not ecologically efficient due to the high volumes of fossil fuels consumed during operation. Furthermore, despite the legal imposition of increasingly stringent exhaust gas emission standards, generated pollution from such vehicles continues to be a concern. With the expectation that future legislation will only be more stringent, cleaner (more fuel efficient/less polluting) solutions such as hybrid or fully electric vehicles are desired.

    [0003] United States patent US 8,469,127 describes an example of a hybrid drive line for an agricultural or industrial utility vehicle, such as a tractor. The driveline includes a drive assembly which generates a mechanical torque by means of an internal combustion engine and first, second and third electrical motors. The drive assembly has a first mechanical output shaft, driven by the second electric motor, which serves to drive at least one vehicle axle, and a second mechanical output shaft in the form of a power take-off (PTO) shaft. The internal combustion engine and first electric motor are each coupled to drive the second mechanical output shaft (PTO).

    [0004] In one configuration of the driveline of US 8,469,127, first and second electric motors are positioned adjacent one another (with driveshafts parallel and spaced apart) with the respective output driveshafts drivingly connected to one of the sun and planetary gears of an epicyclic gear arrangement, via one or more gear linkages for spatial reasons, with the outer epicylic ring gear driving the first output shaft and axle or axles of the vehicle, and the sun gear driving the second output shaft and the PTO. The third and, in some configurations, fourth electric motors are connected or connectable into the motive power portion of the driveline (to one or both of the front and rear axles) downstream of the drive to the PTO.

    [0005] Whilst it is understood that such a hybrid arrangement is more ecologically efficient in terms of reduced pollution through reduced fossil fuel usage and hence reduced emissions, the above-described arrangement is wasteful and costly in terms of the number of components (up to four electric motors in addition to an internal combustion engine) and causes problems from simply trying to physically accommodate them all in the relatively constrained space available under a tractor hood. It is an aim of tractor manufacturers to keep the profile of the hood as low as possible to improve the users view of the area in front of the vehicle and to either side of the hood around the front wheels. Control issues also become a problem in an arrangement such as that of US 8,469,127 with the need for coordination of the output speeds of the internal combustion engine and at least the first electric motor to ensure that the first electric motor is not being effectively driven in reverse (i.e. acting as a generator).

    [0006] The per-vehicle fossil fuel usage and emissions issue is addressed at least partially by a fully electric vehicle, with pure electrical drives being more efficient (less energy wasting) than internal combustion engines. Some spatial concerns remain as the space currently filled by an internal combustion engine (and conventional gearbox or continuously variable transmission (CVT)) in a conventional vehicle is instead given over to storage batteries (as it is understandably a goal that a working farm tractor should not have to return to base for recharging part-way through a working day) and power electronics for control of the electric motors. The latter may be simplified or avoided in a so-called intermediate hybrid in which a fully electric power source, operating at one or a limited range of speeds, is coupled with a conventional CVT. Whilst it is expected that ongoing developments in battery technology will continue to reduce the physical volume required to accommodate rechargeable battery storage sufficient to supply increasing capabilities of a working vehicle for a full day's work without recharging, it is also the case that unplanned conditions (e.g. heavier than expected soil due to weather conditions) may cause storage batteries to discharge faster than planned. In such circumstances it is not desirable that the vehicle have to be towed back to the base for recharging.

    [0007] In accordance with the invention there is provided agricultural/utility vehicle having as its motive power source one or more electric motors supplied by one or more rechargeable batteries, which electric motor or motors are connected to drivingly rotate a shaft of a driveline when coupled to provide motive power to one or more axles of the vehicle, the vehicle having one or more recharging inputs which, when coupled to an appropriate power source, cause the driveline shaft to rotate, causing the, or one of the, electric motors to act as a generator to recharge the one or more rechargeable batteries.

    [0008] In one (hydraulic) arrangement, where the driveline includes a hydraulic pump driven by rotation of the driveline shaft to supply pressurised fluid to one or more consumers on or attached to the vehicle, the recharging input comprises an external source of hydraulic pressure operable to cause the hydraulic pump to act as a hydraulic motor rotatably driving the driveline shaft and thereby the, or one of the, electric motors. In such an arrangement, the vehicle suitably carries an external port providing the recharging input to receive hydraulic pressure to drive the hydraulic pump. A flow limiter may be provided to restrict the flow of pressurised hydraulic fluid by reference to one or more charging characteristics of the or each rechargeable battery, and a charge control mechanism may be provided configured to periodically adjust the flow of pressurised hydraulic fluid by the flow limiter in dependence on a current charge level of the or each rechargeable battery.

    [0009] In an alternative (mechanical) arrangement, where the vehicle driveline includes a power take-off (PTO) drive shaft driven by the, or one of the, electric motors via the driveline shaft to provide rotational drive to an implement connected with the vehicle, the appropriate power source comprises connection of the PTO shaft to an externally-driven source of rotation, which drives at least one of the electric motors via the driveline shaft to act as a generator. In such an arrangement, the PTO shaft is suitably further provided with a connecting shaft to drivingly couple with a PTO shaft of another agricultural/utility vehicle, and the or each electric motor is preferably provided with a current limiter to control a maximum recharge current by reference to one or more charging characteristics of the or each electric motor when driven in a reverse (charging) mode.

    [0010] The appropriate power source, whether electrical, mechanical or hydraulic, is preferably provided by a further vehicle. Where both vehicles have respective electronic control units (ECU), the ECU's are preferably connected during recharging (by ISOBUS or similar connection), with the ECU of the agricultural/utility vehicle being charged controlling delivery by the appropriate power source via the ECU of the further vehicle.

    [0011] In accordance with a further aspect of the present invention there is provided a method of recharging the storage battery or batteries of an agricultural/utility vehicle, which vehicle includes one or more electric motors driven by said storage battery or batteries and which electric motors rotationally drive a driveline shaft providing rotational drive to one or more motive power axles of the vehicle or one or more consumers coupled with the vehicle to receive a rotational drive therefrom, the method comprising coupling an external energy source to cause the driveline shaft and thereby the, or one of the, electric motors to operate as a generator.

    [0012] Where the vehicle comprises a hydraulic pump coupled to be driven by the driveline shaft, the coupling of an external energy source suitably comprises coupling an external source of fluid pressure such as to cause the hydraulic pump to operate as a hydraulic motor, and thereby cause the, or one of the, electric motors to operate as a generator. Where the vehicle comprises a power take-off (PTO) shaft directly driven by one or more of the electric motors, the coupling of an external energy source suitably comprises coupling an external source of rotational energy to the PTO shaft such as to cause the, or one of the, electric motors to operate as a generator, and thereby deliver a charge to the or one of the batteries.

    [0013] Further advantages of the invention will become apparent from reading the following description of specific embodiments with reference to the appended drawings in which:-

    Figure 1 is a representation of an agricultural/utility vehicle, in the form of a tractor, provided with a driveline according to one or more embodiments of the present invention;

    Figure 2 is a schematic view of an embodiment of driveline of the vehicle of Fig. 1; and

    Figure 3 shows the vehicle of Fig. 1 being charged by a further vehicle.



    [0014] Figure 1 schematically illustrates an agricultural vehicle 10 in the form of a tractor, having front wheels 12 driven by a front axle 14, rear wheels 16 driven by a rear axle 18, a front hood 20 covering inter alia a storage battery 22 coupled via a power electronics (switching/charging) stage 24 to first and second electric motors M1, M2. The electric motors M1, M2 form part of a driveline (indicated generally by dashed line 26) providing motive power to the front and rear axles 14, 18 under control of an electronic control unit (ECU) 28. The driveline 26 also includes a power take-off shaft 30 which outputs a driven rotary drive to implements such as balers, tedders etc. coupled to the rear of the tractor. The tractor 10 includes a user station in the form of a cab 32 which may suitably comprise a user interface/control unit 34 by means of which a user may set or adjust operational parameters via the ECU 28.

    [0015] Figure 2 shows an exemplary first configuration of the driveline. The first M1 and second M2 electric drive motors are close coupled (connected to each other) with their respective output shafts 38, 40 being coaxial. This makes the motive power unit (M1 + M2) a compact unit that may be contained within a low profile single housing, illustrated by dashed line 42.

    [0016] Mounted adjacent the motive power unit M1, M2 is an epicyclic (planetary) gear arrangement PG (which may optionally be enclosed within the single housing 42) with the first input shaft 38 directly (drivingly) coupled to the sun gear 44 thereof, and the second input shaft 40 directly coupled to one or more of the planetary gears 46 of the epicyclic PG. The outer ring gear 48 of the epicyclic PG is directly coupled to a first output shaft 40A and from there, via one or more connecting gears 50, drives an input shaft 52 of the drive to the front and rear axles 14, 18. The output shaft 52 is connected via a differential and braking unit 54 to the rear axle 18, and via a gearing linkage 56 and clutch unit 58 to the front axle 14.

    [0017] The second output shaft 38 (an extension of the first input shaft and suitably a unitary body therewith) is connected via a brake and clutch unit 60 to a reduction gearing 62 which in turn drives the PTO output shaft 30. The clutch portion C of the brake and clutch unit 60 is operable to connect/disconnect the PTO shaft 30 from the second output shaft 38. The brake portion B of the brake and clutch unit 60 is on the motor side (relative to the clutch portion C) and, when actuated, prevents rotation of the second output shaft 38 and first electric motor M1.

    [0018] The first electric motor M1 drives a main hydraulic pump PM 64 via the second output shaft 38 and a gearing linkage 68. The main pump 64 supplies pressurised fluid from a first fluid reservoir R1 to consumers on or attached to the vehicle e.g. lifting cylinders forming part of a front or rear linkage, a front loader, and/or a front suspension of the vehicle.

    [0019] The second electric motor M2 drives a steering hydraulic pump PST 66 via the input shaft 52 and a gearing linkage 70. The steering pump 66 supplies pressurised fluid from a second fluid reservoir R2 (which may be separate from or common with R1) to a hydraulic steering system of the vehicle/ tractor.

    [0020] The main pump PM 64 (supplying fluid to e.g. the lifting cylinders or the front suspension) is installed in the drive line connected to motor M1 but prior to the clutch/brake assembly 60 connecting the PTO 30 in this first embodiment. This has some major advantages:
    1. 1. Only one pump (i.e. 66) is required to ensure steering and that pump is constantly driven;
    2. 2. Installing the main pump 64 in the driveline connected with M1 enables this main pump 64 to be switched off e.g. when driving on the road where there is minor hydraulic consumption compared to field work. In the case that increased steering power is requested (e.g. when turning), the motor M1 may be activated while the PTO 30 branch is disconnected by the clutch part C of the brake/clutch assembly 60.
    3. 3. In the case where the tractor is operated with an implement, both the main pump PM 64 and the PTO 30 may be operated.


    [0021] In order to recharge the storage battery or batteries 22, a first option is to connect a suitable electric power supply, via an external connector (80; Fig. 1) on the vehicle and the power electronics stage 24, to the battery or batteries 22. This conventional option is typically performed at some base location for the vehicle and suitably carried out overnight.

    [0022] In order to recharge the storage battery or batteries 22 in a field location, where a suitable source of electrical power may be unavailable, two options are provided. In both options, the second output shaft 38 is driven by an external source to cause the or each of the electric motors M1, M2 to act as a generator and thereby supply a charging current to the or each of the storage batteries 22.

    [0023] In the first option, an external source of hydraulic pressure PIN is coupled, via an external connector 82 on the vehicle, to drive the main hydraulic pump 64 as a hydraulic motor. Through gearing linkage 68 this drives the second output shaft 38. Note that in this situation, both the brake B and clutch C of the brake/clutch arrangement 60 should be disengaged to prevent driving of the PTO 30. Note also that if the second electric motor M2 is to be connected to the first M1 so that both are charging, a further clutch mechanism (not shown) should be provided to disengage the drive to the front and rear axles 14, 18.

    [0024] The fluid input from the connector 82 to the pump 64 may suitably include a flow limiter 84 controlled by the ECU (28; Fig. 1) to control the fluid flow and thereby the pump speed and generating motor speed by reference to a charging characteristic and/or charge level of the battery or batteries 22.

    [0025] Figure 3 schematically illustrates the second option, with vehicle 10 being charged by a further an agricultural vehicle 110 (in the form of a tractor). The further vehicle 110 has front wheels 112 driven by a front axle 114, rear wheels 116 driven by a rear axle 118, and a front hood 120. A driveline (indicated generally by dashed line 126) provides motive power to the front and rear axles 114, 118 under control of an electronic control unit (ECU) 128. The driveline 126 also includes front and rear power take-off shafts 90, 130 which output a driven rotary drive to implements coupled to the vehicle 110. The vehicle 110 includes a user station in the form of a cab 132 which may suitably comprise a user interface/control unit 134 by means of which a user may set or adjust operational parameters via the ECU 128.

    [0026] In the second option, an external source of rotational energy 86 is coupled to drive the PTO 30 and gearing linkage 62 of the vehicle 10. Note that in this situation, both the brake B of the brake/clutch arrangement 60 should be disengaged and the clutch C engaged to couple the PTO 30 to the second output shaft 38. The PTO shaft 30 is suitably provided with a connecting shaft (such as a cardan shaft) 88 to drivingly couple with one of the PTO shafts 90, 130 of the further vehicle 110 (providing the source of the rotational energy 86). As illustrated in Fig. 3, the connecting shaft 88 suitably connects the rear-mounted PTO 30 of the vehicle 10 to be charged with the front-mounted PTO 90 of the further (charging) vehicle 110.

    [0027] The power electronic stage (24; Fig. 1) suitably acts as a current limiter to control a maximum recharge current by reference to one or more charging characteristics of the or each motor M1, M2 and/or charge level of the battery or batteries 22 when driven in this "reverse" (charging) mode.

    [0028] Where both vehicles 10, 110 in the arrangement of Fig. 3 have respective ECU's 28, 128, these ECU's are preferably connected during recharging (by ISOBUS link 92 or similar connection), with the ECU of the agricultural/utility vehicle 10 being charged controlling delivery by the appropriate power source, by controlling the PTO 90 of the further (charging) vehicle 110 via the ECU 128 of the further vehicle 110. Such an ISOBUS link 92 may also be used to control the delivery of hydraulic pressure from the further vehicle 110 to the first 10 where the power supply is in the form of the first option described above.

    [0029] In the foregoing the applicants have described an agricultural/utility vehicle 10 which has as its motive power source one or more electric motors M1, M2 supplied by one or more rechargeable batteries 22 to drivingly rotate a shaft 38 of the vehicle driveline. To recharge the batteries 22, an external power source PIN, 86 is applied to cause the driveline shaft 38 to rotate, resulting in the, or one of the, electric motors M1 acting as a generator to recharge the batteries 22. The external power source may comprise a source of fluid pressure PIN driving a hydraulic pump 64 of the driveline as a hydraulic motor, or an external source of rotational energy 86 coupled to a power take-off shaft 30 of the vehicle.

    [0030] From reading of the present disclosure, other modifications within the scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims will be apparent to those skilled in the art. Such modifications may involve other features which are already known in the field of vehicle driveline and power transmission systems and component parts therefore and which may be used instead of or in addition to features described herein.


    Claims

    1. An agricultural/utility vehicle (10) having as its motive power source one or more electric motors (M1, M2) supplied by one or more rechargeable batteries (22), which electric motor or motors (M1, M2) are connected to drivingly rotate a shaft (38) of a drive line when coupled to provide motive power to one or more axles (14, 18) of the vehicle, characterised in the vehicle having one or more recharging inputs (82, 30) which, when coupled to an appropriate power source (PIN, 86), cause the drive line shaft (38) to rotate, causing the, or one of the, electric motors (M1) to act as a generator to recharge the one or more rechargeable batteries (22).
     
    2. An agricultural/utility vehicle as claimed in claim 1, wherein the drive line includes a hydraulic pump (64) driven by rotation of the driveline shaft (38) supplying pressurised fluid to one or more consumers on or attached to the vehicle, the recharging input (82) comprising an external source of hydraulic pressure (PIN) operable to cause the hydraulic pump (64) to act as a hydraulic motor rotatably driving the driveline shaft (38) and thereby the, or one of the, electric motors (M1).
     
    3. An agricultural/utility vehicle as claimed in claim 2, wherein the vehicle carries an external port (82) providing the recharging input to receive hydraulic pressure to drive the hydraulic pump (64).
     
    4. An agricultural/utility vehicle as claimed in claim 2 or claim 3, further comprising a flow limiter (84) restricting the flow of pressurised hydraulic fluid to the hydraulic pump (64) by reference to one or more charging characteristics of the or each rechargeable battery (M1).
     
    5. An agricultural/utility vehicle as claimed in claim 4, further comprising a charge control mechanism (28) configured to periodically adjust the flow of pressurised hydraulic fluid by the flow limiter (84) in dependence on a current charge level of the or each rechargeable battery (M1).
     
    6. An agricultural/utility vehicle as claimed in claim 1, wherein the vehicle driveline includes a power take-off (PTO) drive shaft (30) driven by the, or one of the, electric motors (M1, M2) via the driveline shaft (38) to provide rotational drive to an implement connected with the vehicle, the appropriate power source comprising connection of the PTO shaft (30) to an externally-driven source of rotation (86), which drives at least one of the electric motors (M1) via the driveline shaft (38) to act as a generator.
     
    7. An agricultural/utility vehicle as claimed in claim 6, wherein the PTO shaft (30) is further provided with a connecting shaft (88) to drivingly couple with a PTO shaft of another agricultural/utility vehicle.
     
    8. An agricultural/utility vehicle as claimed in claim 6 or claim 7, wherein the or each electric motor (M1, M2) is provided with a current limiter (24) to control a maximum recharge current by reference to one or more charging characteristics of the or each electric motor (M1) when driven in a reverse (charging) mode.
     
    9. A method of recharging the storage battery or batteries (22) of an agricultural/utility vehicle (10), which vehicle includes one or more electric motors (M1, M2) driven by said storage battery or batteries and which electric motors rotationally drive a driveline shaft (38) providing rotational drive to one or more motive power axles (14, 18) of the vehicle or one or more consumers coupled with the vehicle to receive a rotational drive therefrom, the method comprising:

    - coupling an external energy source (PIN, 86) to cause the driveline shaft (38) and thereby the, or one of the, electric motors (M1, M2) to operate as a generator and thereby charge the battery or batteries (22).


     
    10. A method as claimed in claim 9, wherein the vehicle comprises a hydraulic pump (64) coupled to be driven by the driveline shaft (38), and the coupling of an external energy source comprises coupling an external source of fluid pressure (PIN), such as to cause the hydraulic pump to (64) operate as a hydraulic motor, and thereby cause the, or one of the, electric motors (M1) to operate as a generator.
     
    11. A method as claimed in claim 9, wherein the vehicle comprises a power take-off (PTO) shaft (30) directly driven by one or more of the electric motors (M1, M2), and the coupling of an external energy source comprises coupling an external source of rotational energy (86) to the PTO shaft (30) such as to cause the, or one of the, electric motors (M1) to operate as a generator, and thereby deliver a charge to the or one of the batteries (22).
     
    12. A method as claimed in claim 9, wherein the appropriate power source is provided by a further vehicle (110).
     
    13. A method as claimed in claim 12, wherein the agricultural/utility vehicle (10) and further vehicle (110) each have respective electronic control units ECU (28, 128), with the ECU's (28, 128) being connected during recharging, and the ECU (28) of the agricultural/utility vehicle (10) controlling delivery by the appropriate power source via the ECU (128) of the further vehicle (110).
     
    14. A method as claimed in claim 12, wherein the ECUs of the agricultural/utility vehicle (10) and the further vehicle (110) are configured to communicate using ISOBUS and the method further comprises connecting the ECU's (28, 128) using an ISOBUS link.
     


    Ansprüche

    1. Landwirtschaftliches Fahrzeug oder Nutzfahrzeug (10) mit einem oder mehreren Elektromotoren (M1, M2) als seine Antriebsquelle, die durch eine oder mehrere aufladbare Batterien (22) versorgt werden, wobei der Elektromotor oder die Elektromotoren (M1, M2) angeschlossen ist/sind, um eine Welle (38) eines Antriebsstrangs antreibend zu drehen, wenn sie gekoppelt sind, um einer oder mehreren Achsen (14, 18) des Fahrzeugs Antriebskraft bereitzustellen, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Fahrzeug einen oder mehrere Ladeeingänge (82, 30) aufweist, die, wenn sie mit einer geeigneten Energiequelle (PIN, 86) verbunden sind, bewirken, dass sich die Welle (38) des Antriebsstrangs dreht, wodurch bewirkt wird, dass der oder einer der Elektromotoren (M1) als Generator zum Aufladen der einen oder mehreren aufladbaren Batterien (22) fungiert.
     
    2. Landwirtschaftliches Fahrzeug oder Nutzfahrzeug nach Anspruch 1, wobei der Antriebsstrang eine Hydraulikpumpe (64) aufweist, die durch eine Drehung der Welle (38) des Antriebsstrangs angetrieben ist und unter Druck stehendes Fluid einem oder mehreren an dem Fahrzeug angeordneten oder an diesem befestigten Verbraucher(n) bereitstellt, wobei der Ladeeingang (82) eine externe Quelle für Hydraulikdruck (PIN) aufweist, die betreibbar ist, um zu bewirken, dass die Hydraulikpumpe (64) als Hydraulikmotor fungiert, der die Welle (38) des Antriebsstrangs und dadurch den oder die Elektromotoren (M1) antreibt.
     
    3. Landwirtschaftliches Fahrzeug oder Nutzfahrzeug nach Anspruch 2, wobei das Fahrzeug einen externen Anschluss (82) trägt, der den Ladeeingang bereitstellt, um Hydraulikdruck zum Antreiben der Hydraulikpumpe (64) zu empfangen.
     
    4. Landwirtschaftliches Fahrzeug oder Nutzfahrzeug nach Anspruch 2 oder 3, weiterhin mit einem Flussbegrenzer (84), der den Fluss des unter Druck stehenden Hydraulikfluids zu der Hydraulikpumpe (64) unter Bezugnahme auf eine oder mehrere Ladeeigenschaften der oder jeder aufladbaren Batterie (M1) begrenzt.
     
    5. Landwirtschaftliches Fahrzeug oder Nutzfahrzeug nach Anspruch 4, weiterhin mit einem Aufladungssteuer- oder -regelmechanismus (28), der konfiguriert ist, um den Fluss des unter Druck stehenden Hydraulikfluids durch den Flussbegrenzer (84) in Abhängigkeit eines gegenwärtigen Ladungsniveaus der oder jeder aufladbaren Batterie (M1) periodisch einzustellen.
     
    6. Landwirtschaftliches Fahrzeug oder Nutzfahrzeug nach Anspruch 1, wobei der Antriebsstrang des Fahrzeugs eine Zapfwelle und/oder (PTO)-Antriebswelle (30) aufweist, die durch den oder einen der mehreren Elektromotoren (M1, M2) über die Welle (38) des Antriebsstrangs angetrieben ist, um einem mit dem Fahrzeug verbundenen Arbeitsgerät einen Drehantrieb bereitzustellen, wobei die geeignete Energiequelle eine Verbindung der PTO-Welle (30) mit einer extern angetriebenen Drehquelle (86) aufweist, die mindestens einen der Elektromotoren (M1) über die Welle (38) des Antriebsstrangs antreibt, um als Generator zu fungieren.
     
    7. Landwirtschaftliches Fahrzeug oder Nutzfahrzeug nach Anspruch 6, wobei die PTO-Welle (30) weiterhin mit einer Verbindungswelle (88) versehen ist, um mit einer PTO-Welle eines anderen landwirtschaftlichen Fahrzeugs oder Nutzfahrzeugs antreibend gekoppelt zu werden.
     
    8. Landwirtschaftliches Fahrzeug oder Nutzfahrzeug nach Anspruch 6 oder 7, wobei der oder jeder Elektromotor (M1, M2) mit einem Strombegrenzer (24) versehen ist, um im Betrieb in einem (ladenden) Umkehrmodus einen maximalen Ladestrom unter Bezugnahme auf eine oder mehrere Aufladungseigenschaften des oder jedes Elektromotors (M1) zu regeln oder zu regeln.
     
    9. Verfahren zum Aufladen der Batterie oder der Batterien (22) eines landwirtschaftlichen Fahrzeugs oder Nutzfahrzeugs (10), wobei das Fahrzeug einen oder mehrere Elektromotoren (M1, M2) aufweist, die durch die Batterie oder die Batterien angetrieben werden, und wobei die Elektromotoren eine Welle (38) eines Antriebsstrangs drehend antreiben, um einen Drehantrieb für eine oder mehrere Antriebskraft-Achsen (14, 18) des Fahrzeugs oder einen oder mehrere mit dem Fahrzeug verbundene Verbraucher bereitzustellen, um dadurch einen Drehantrieb umzusetzen, wobei das Verfahren das Folgende aufweist:

    - Koppeln einer externen Energiequelle (TIN, 86), um zu bewirken, dass die Welle (38) des Antriebsstrangs und dadurch der oder einer der Elektromotoren (M1, M2) als Generator arbeiten und dadurch die Batterie oder Batterien (22) aufgeladen werden.


     
    10. Verfahren nach Anspruch 9, wobei das Fahrzeug eine Hydraulikpumpe (64) aufweist, die gekoppelt ist, um durch die Welle (38) des Antriebsstrangs angetrieben zu werden, und wobei das Koppeln einer externen Energiequelle das Koppeln einer externen Quelle für Hydraulikdruck (PIN) aufweist, um zu bewirken, dass die Hydraulikpumpe (64) als Hydraulikmotor arbeitet, und um dadurch zu bewirken, dass der oder einer der Elektromotoren (M1) als Generator arbeiten.
     
    11. Verfahren nach Anspruch 9, wobei das Fahrzeug eine Zapfwelle oder (PTO)-Welle (30) aufweist, die direkt durch einen oder mehrere der Elektromotoren (M1, M2) angetrieben wird, und wobei das Koppeln einer externen Energiequelle das Koppeln einer externen Quelle für rotatorische Energie (86) mit der PTO-Welle (30) aufweist, um zu bewirken, dass der oder einer der Elektromotoren (M1) als Generator arbeitet und dadurch der oder einer der Batterien (22) Ladung liefert.
     
    12. Verfahren nach Anspruch 9, wobei die geeignete Energiequelle durch ein weiteres Fahrzeug (110) bereitgestellt wird.
     
    13. Verfahren nach Anspruch 12, wobei das landwirtschaftliche Fahrzeug oder Nutzfahrzeug (10) und das weitere Fahrzeug (110) jeweils ein entsprechendes elektronisches Steuergerät ECU (28, 128) aufweisen, wobei die ECUs (28, 128) während des Aufladens miteinander verbunden sind, und wobei die ECU (28) des landwirtschaftliches Fahrzeugs oder Nutzfahrzeugs (10) die Lieferung durch die geeignete Energiequelle über die ECU (128) des weiteren Fahrzeugs (110) steuert/regelt.
     
    14. Verfahren nach Anspruch 12, wobei die ECUs des landwirtschaftlichen Fahrzeugs oder Nutzfahrzeugs (10) und des weiteren Fahrzeugs (110) geeignet konfiguriert sind, um unter Verwendung von ISOBUS zu kommunizieren, und wobei das Verfahren weiterhin das Verbinden der ECUs (28, 128) unter Verwendung einer ISOBUS-Verbindung aufweist.
     


    Revendications

    1. Véhicule agricole/utilitaire (10) comportant, en tant que source de puissance motrice, un ou plusieurs moteurs électriques (M1, M2) alimentés par une ou plusieurs batteries rechargeables (22), le ou lesquels moteurs électriques (M1, M2) étant couplés de manière à entraîner en rotation un arbre (38) d'une ligne de transmission lorsqu'elle couplé afin de fournir de l'énergie motrice à un ou plusieurs essieux (14, 18) du véhicule, caractérisé en ce que le véhicule comportant une ou plusieurs entrées de charge (82, 30) qui, lorsqu'elles sont couplées à une source d'énergie appropriée (PIN, 86), provoquent la rotation de l'arbre de ligne de transmission (38), provoquant le fonctionnement du ou de l'un des moteurs électriques (M1) en générateur afin de recharger la ou les batteries rechargeables (22).
     
    2. Véhicule agricole/utilitaire selon la revendication 1, dans lequel la ligne de transmission comporte une pompe hydraulique (64) entraînée par la rotation de l'arbre de ligne de transmission (38) délivrant un fluide pressurisé à un ou plusieurs consommateurs sur le véhicule ou fixés sur ce dernier, l'entrée de charge (82) comprenant une source externe de pression hydraulique (PIN) pouvant servir à faire fonctionner la pompe hydraulique (64) en moteur hydraulique entraînant en rotation l'arbre de ligne de transmission (38) et ainsi, le ou l'un des moteurs électriques (M1).
     
    3. Véhicule agricole/utilitaire selon la revendication 2, dans lequel le véhicule comporte un orifice externe (82) formant l'entrée de charge destinée à recevoir la pression hydraulique d'entraînement de la pompe hydraulique (64).
     
    4. Véhicule agricole/utilitaire selon la revendication 2 ou 3, comprenant, en outre, un limiteur de débit (84) limitant le débit du fluide hydraulique pressurisé vers la pompe hydraulique (64) en se référant à une ou plusieurs caractéristiques de charge de la ou de chaque batterie rechargeable (M1).
     
    5. Véhicule agricole/utilitaire selon la revendication 4, comprenant, en outre, un mécanisme de commande de charge (28) configuré afin de régler périodiquement le débit du fluide hydraulique pressurisé par le limiteur de débit (84) en fonction d'un niveau de charge courant de la ou de chaque batterie rechargeable (M1).
     
    6. Véhicule agricole/utilitaire selon la revendication 1, dans lequel la ligne de transmission de véhicule comporte un arbre d'entraînement de prise de force (PTO) (30) entraîné par le ou l'un des moteurs électriques (M1, M2) par l'intermédiaire de l'arbre de ligne de transmission (38) afin d'assurer l'entraînement en rotation d'un outillage couplé au véhicule, la source d'énergie appropriée comprenant le couplage de l'arbre de PTO (30) à une source de rotation (86) entraînée de manière externe, qui entraîne au moins l'un des moteurs électriques (M1) par l'intermédiaire de l'arbre de ligne de transmission (38) afin de fonctionner en générateur.
     
    7. Véhicule agricole/utilitaire selon la revendication 6, dans lequel l'arbre de PTO (30) comprend, en outre, un arbre de liaison (88) afin de se coupler de manière à assurer l'entraînement avec un arbre de PTO d'un autre véhicule agricole/utilitaire.
     
    8. Véhicule agricole/utilitaire selon la revendication 6 ou 7, dans lequel le ou chaque moteur électrique (M1, M2) est équipé d'un limiteur de courant (24) afin de commander un courant de charge maximum en se référant à une ou plusieurs caractéristiques de charge du ou de chaque moteur électrique (M1) lorsqu'il est entraîné dans un mode inverse (de charge).
     
    9. Procédé de charge de la ou de batteries de stockage (22) d'un véhicule agricole/utilitaire (10), lequel véhicule comporte un ou plusieurs moteurs électriques (M1, M2) alimentés par ladite ou lesdites batteries de stockage et lesquels moteurs électriques entraînent en rotation un arbre de ligne de transmission (38) assurant l'entraînement en rotation d'un ou de plusieurs essieux moteurs (14, 18) du véhicule ou d'un ou de plusieurs consommateurs couplés au véhicule afin de recevoir un couple d'entraînement de ce dernier, le procédé comprenant :
    le couplage d'une source d'énergie externe (PIN, 86) afin d'amener l'arbre de ligne de transmission (38) et ainsi le ou l'un des moteurs électriques (M1, M2) à fonctionner en générateur et à charger ainsi la ou les batteries (22).
     
    10. Procédé selon la revendication 9, dans lequel le véhicule comprend une pompe hydraulique (64) couplée de manière à être entraînée par l'arbre de ligne de transmission (38), et le couplage d'une source d'énergie externe comprend le couplage d'une source externe de pression de fluide (PIN), de manière à provoquer le fonctionnement de la pompe hydraulique à (64) en moteur hydraulique, et à amener ainsi le ou l'un des moteurs électriques (M1) à fonctionner en générateur.
     
    11. Procédé selon la revendication 9, dans lequel le véhicule comprend un arbre de prise de force (PTO) (30) entraîné directement par un ou plusieurs des moteurs électriques (M1, M2), et le couplage d'une source d'énergie externe comprend le couplage d'une source externe d'énergie de rotation (86) à l'arbre de PTO (30) de manière à provoquer le fonctionnement du ou de l'un des moteurs électriques (M1) en générateur, et à délivrer ainsi une charge à la ou à l'une des batteries (22).
     
    12. Procédé selon la revendication 9, dans lequel la source d'énergie appropriée est fournie par un véhicule supplémentaire (110).
     
    13. Procédé selon la revendication 12, dans lequel le véhicule agricole/utilitaire (10) et le véhicule supplémentaire (110) comportent chacun des unités de commande électroniques ECU (28, 128) respectives, les unités ECU (28, 128) étant couplées pendant la charge et l'unité ECU (28) du véhicule agricole/utilitaire (10) commandant la fourniture par la source d'énergie appropriée par l'intermédiaire de l'unité ECU (128) du véhicule supplémentaire (110).
     
    14. Procédé selon la revendication 12, dans lequel les unités ECU du véhicule agricole/utilitaire (10) et du véhicule supplémentaire (110) sont configurées de manière à communiquer en utilisant ISOBUS et le procédé comprend, en outre, le raccordement des unités ECU (28, 128) en utilisant une liaison ISOBUS.
     




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    Cited references

    REFERENCES CITED IN THE DESCRIPTION



    This list of references cited by the applicant is for the reader's convenience only. It does not form part of the European patent document. Even though great care has been taken in compiling the references, errors or omissions cannot be excluded and the EPO disclaims all liability in this regard.

    Patent documents cited in the description