[0001] When walkways or other supporting surfaces are formed with the aid of gratings which
are placed in juxtaposition between two seatings, there may arise some difference
in level between two freely juxtaposed gratings if one of the gratings is subjected
to load or if both gratings are subjected to loads of different sizes. With large
span widths and with gratings of insufficient strength the difference in level between
the gratings may be particularly noticeable by and risky to pedestrians trafficking
the walkways. It has therefore been found necessary to unite the juxtaposed gratings
in some way or other. Usually, this has been done by screwing together the gratings
before the laying thereof, or by connecting them together in some other manner with
the aid of fastening elements, e.g. according to the published Swedish patent application
7403682-3. The prior-art connecting methods and fastening elements have, however,
been troublesome in use and have often made it necessary to mount the fastening elements
before the laying of the gratings, or to insert the fastening elements from below.
[0002] The present invention has for its object to provide a simple fastening element which
after the laying of the gratings can be mounted in a simple manner without making
it necessary to lift the gratings in relation to each other or to insert the fastening
element from below.
[0003] To this end, the fastening element is substantially of I-shape having upper and lower
flanges and a web between the flanges, which is adapted to extend downwards between
the edge steel members of two juxtaposed gratings and which is of substantially the
same length as the height of the edge steel members at right angles to the plane of
the gratings, the lower flange of the fastening element being formed as a supporting
surface for supporting the edge steel members of the gratings, while the upper flange
of the fastening element has holding lugs which are bent out of a flange side face
in one direction longitudinally of the edge steel members, and which, after the mounting
of the fastening element under downward bending of said side face of the upper flange
into engagement with the upper edges of the edge steel members, are adapted to project
downwardly outside the remote side faces of the two edge steel members.
[0004] The invention will be described in greater detail hereinbelow with reference to the
accompanying drawing in which:
Fig. 1 shows a fastening element according to the invention, as seen from one large
side;
Fig. 2 is a view taken on the line II-II in Fig. 1;
Fig. 3 is a view taken on the line III-III in Fig. 1;
Fig. 4 is a section of two juxtaposed gratings which have been united by means of
a fastening element according to the invention;
Fig. 5 is a section taken on the line V-V in Fig. 4;
Fig. 6 is a plan view taken on the line VI-VI in Fig. 4.
[0005] Fig. 4 shows two gratings 10, 11 which are placed in juxtaposition. The gratings
consist of a series of juxtaposed supporting steel members 12, 13 which are interconnected
by means of transverse rods 14 spaced suitable distances apart along the upper sides
of the supporting steel members 12, 13. The supporting steel members and the transverse
rods can be interconnected by pressure welding. In the embodiment illustrated the
transverse rods are of square cross-section, the rods being twisted in their longitudinal
direction. The outer longitudinal supporting steel members 13 will hereinafter be
designated "edge steel members". The supporting steel members 12 and the edge steel
members 13 rest freely on seatings (not shown). Between the seatings the gratings
can therefore move vertically in relation to each other if the gratings are loaded
differently much or if only one of the gratings is subjected to load. Thus, if the
grating 11 is loaded in the direction of the arrow 15 the grating, if no special measures
were taken, would sink a rather considerable distance down below the level of the
grating 10, particularly if the gratings have been given too slender dimensions or
have large free span widths. These movements between the juxtaposed gratings 10, 11
are eliminated by the use of a fastening element according to the invention.
[0006] Figs. 1-3 show an embodiment of a fastening element 16 according to the invention.
In this instance, the fastening element is punched from a flat piece of sheet metal
approximately into I-shape having upper and lower bars or flanges 17 and 18, respectively,
with a web 19 therebetween. The upper flange 18 of the fastening element besides has
outwardly bent holding lugs 20 which have been bent at right angles in one direction
from the flat piece of sheet metal.
[0007] The lower flange 17 has upper supporting edge surfaces 21 on which the edge steel
members 13 of the juxtaposed gratings 10, 11 are adapted to rest. In the embodiment
illustrated, the edge surfaces 22 of the upper flange 18, which face the supporting
edge surfaces 21, are cut obliquely outwardly and upwardly at an angle of say 15°
to a normal of the web 19. In the embodiment illustrated the lower flange 17 has been
given a larger height than the thickness of the piece of sheet metal so that the lower
flange 17 can fulfill its task of a supporting cross beam in a better way.
[0008] The distance between the lower and upper flanges 17, 18, i.e. the length of the web
19, is so adapted to the height of the edge steel members 13 that said steel members
will be retained between the lower flange 17 and the upper flange 18 after the latter
has been bent down, in connection with the mounting, into the position shown in Figs.
4-6, where the holding lugs project downwardly on either side of the edge steel members
13, thereby fixing the fastening element in position and preventing rotation of said
element.
[0009] The fastening element according to the invention is preferably manufactured from
stainless steel instead of ordinary hot-galvanized steel since the zinc layer of a
hot-galvanized fastening element might crack, with resulting corrosion of the fastening
element. The fastening element is manufactured in different sizes with regard to the
heights of the supporting steel members and edge steel members of the gratings.
[0010] Mounting of the fastening element can be realized after the gratings have already
been brought into position. It is not necessary to raise the gratings, and neither
need the fastening element be inserted in position from below. For mounting, use is
made of a screw driver to bend apart the edge steel members 13 of the gratings 10,
11 sufficiently for the fastening element, which at this time is of the appearance
illustrated in Figs. 1-3, to be pushed down between the edge steel members 13, the
lower flange 17 being parallel with the edge steel members 13. After the fastening
element has been moved a sufficient distance downwards, the element is turned so that
the lower flange 17 will extend transversely of the longitudinal direction of the
edge steel members 13. Then the upwardly projecting upper flange 18 is hammered down
into the position shown in Figs. 4-6. When the upper flange is hammered down in this
way use can be made of a screw driver to keep the fastening element in the correct
position, with the lower flange 17 directed transversely of the edge steel members
13. If the fastening element is retained in this way the play between the fastening
element and the edge steel members 13 will besides be the smallest possible. The fastening
elements can be mounted spaced 3 to 4 dm apart, and normally use can be made of two
to four fastening elements per length of grating, depending upon the span width and
the permissible load.
[0011] The sloping surfaces 22 at the lower edge of the upper flange 18 facilitate turning
the fastening element 16 during mounting since the surfaces 22 owing to their obliquity
will function as guiding cam surfaces.
[0012] When the fastening elements according to the invention are to be dismounted the downwardly
bent upper flange 18 is first bent up with the aid of a screw driver into upright
position and then the fastening element is rotated through a quarter of a turn with
the aid of a pair of tongs or other tool so that the lower flange 17 of the fastening
element can be withdrawn from between the two edge steel members 13.
1. A fastening element for interconnecting juxtaposed gratings (10, 11) extending
between seatings and having edge steel members (13) along their side edges between
said seatings, characterised in that the fastening element (16) is substantially of
I-shape having upper and lower flanges (17, 18) and a web (19) between the flanges,
which is adapted to extend downwards between the edge steel members of two juxtaposed
gratings and which is of substantially the same length as the height of the edge steel
members at right angles to the plane of the gratings, the lower flange (17) of the
fastening element being formed as a supporting surface (21) for supporting the edge
steel members (13) of the gratings, while the upper flange (18) of the fastening element
has holding lugs (20) which are bent out of a flange side face in one direction longitudinally
of the edge steel members, and which, after the mounting of the fastening element
under downward bending of said side face of the upper flange (18) into engagement
with the upper edges of the edge steel members (13), are adapted to project downwardly
outside the remote side faces of the two edge steel members (13).
2. A fastening element as claimed in claim 1, characterised in that the lower flange
(17) is of a height larger than the thickness thereof.
3. A fastening element as claimed in claim 1 or 2, characterised in that the edge
surfaces (22) of the upper flange (18), which before the mounting of the fastening
element (16) face the supporting surfaces (21) of the lower flange (17), are inclined
upwardly and outwardly from the web (19) of the fastening element.