[0001] As liquid dishwashing detergent formulations become increasingly popular with the
consumer, the performance of such detergent compositions for cleaning kitchen utensils,
such as glasses, dishes and other apparatus, becomes more important. Many performance
characteristics are associated with this type of detergent formulation, among which
are foamability, detergency, soil suspending ability and mildness. In addition, the
consumer has become concerned with both the final appearance of the objects that are
washed and the ease with which washing, rinsing and the drying of the kitchen utensils
can be accomplished.
[0002] Spotting may be referred to as resulting from the break
-up of a once continuous liquid film followed by the isolation of liquid patches that
become stranded on the solid surface. Upon the drying of these isolated liquid patches,
spots will form from the solid residue that was dissolved or suspended in the liquid.
One of the disadvantages associated with liquid dishwashing detergent compositions,
therefore, is the need to dry the washed objects or apparatus with a towel so that
spot and film formation from the minerals in the rinse water can be avoided or minimized
to a large extent. Moreover, because of the amount of water that remains undrained
on the glassware and plates and kitchen utensils, etc., the towel drying process tends
to become time-consuming and an additional burden to the consumer, thereby leaving
it more desirable to let the washed utensils or apparatus drain and dry by themselves
under ambient conditions.
[0003] Various attempts have been made to minimize the effect of the water
residue and film-forming deposits on washed kitchen utensils by applying various additives
in the detergent formulations, either by complexing the water hardness salts, or by
formulating special rinsing agents. However, the incorporation of complexing and/or
soil suspending agents in the liquid formulations create processing and formulation
problems, while any of the special rinsing agents that have been disclosed heretofore
must be packed and applied separately in the washing solution.
[0004] It has also been proposed to improve the drainage properties of dishwashing compositions
by incorporating an agent, such as gelatin or casein, which allows the rinse water
to "sheet-off" the utensil, thereby leaving the surface dry. This rapid "sheeting-off"
effect reduces the effort involved in drying the washed objects and also improves
their final appearance in terms of minimizing or altogether obviating the spotting
and filming associated with suspended soil and water hardness.
[0005] Applicants have unexpectedly discovered that a liquid detergent composition containing
a relatively small amount of a copolymer of N-vinylpyrrolidone and dimethylamino-ethylmethacrylate,
having specific molecular weight limitations, and a small amount of an alkali metal
salt of casein, e.g., sodium caseinate, when added to an anionic surfactant, nonionic
surfactant, or mixtures thereof, provides an excellent washing and cleaning composition
with much improved drainage properties so as to render the cleaned objects virtually
free from spotting and/or filming.
[0006] The liquid detergent composition will generally contain from about 2% to about 50%
by weight, preferably from about 10% to about 30% by weight of the total composition
of an anionic surfactant compound.
[0007] Among the suitable synthetic anionic surface active agents that may be present in
the liquid dishwashing detergent composition are the water-soluble hydrocarbon sulfates
having the general formula:
wherein R1 is a straight or branched, saturated or unsaturated, aliphatic hydrocarbon radical
having from 8 to 22 carbon atoms;
n is from 0 to about 15; and M is a cation, preferably sodium, potassium or ammonium.
Important examples which form part of the preferred composition of the present invention
are the salts of an organic, sulfuric acid reaction product of a saturated or unsaturated
fatty alcohol having 8 to 18 carbon atoms, preferably tallow or coconut alcohol, reacted
with 1.5 to 15, preferably 3 to 13 moles of ethylene oxide per mole of fatty alcohol.
Specific examples are C12-14 alkyl - 0 - (C2H40)3 - S03Na; C14 alkyl - 0 (C2H40)3S03NH4; C12-16 alkyl - 0 - (C2H40)6 - S03K; and tallow - 0 - (C2H40)9 - S03N(H)2 (C2H40H)2. Important examples of hydrocarbon sulfates as represented by the above formula whereby
n is 0, are those obtained by sulfating hydroxylated hydrocarbons, preferably fatty
alcohols having 8 to 18, most preferably 12 to 16 carbon atoms, with S03, H2SO4, etc. followed by hydrolysis and/or bleaching according to processes well known in
the art.
[0008] Also suitable are the water-soluble salts of the organic'sulfuric acid reaction products
of the general formula:
wherein R
2 is chosen from the group consisting of a straight or branched, saturated or unsaturated,
aliphatic hydrocarbon radical having from 8 to 24, preferably from 12 to 18 carbon
atoms; and an alkylbenzene radical having from 8 to 18, preferably from 12 to 16 carbon
atoms in the alkyl group; and M is a cation, preferably sodium, potassium, ammonium,
magnesium or calcium. Important examples of the synthetic detergents which form a
part of the preferred compositions of the present invention are the salts of an organic,
sulfuric acid reaction product of a hydrocarbon of the methane series, including iso-,
neo-, meso-, and n-paraffins, having 8 to 24 carbon atoms, preferably 11 to 18 carbon
atoms, and
double bonds, and a sulfonating agent, e.g. SO
3, H
2SO
4, oleum, obtained according to known sulfonation methods, including bleaching and
hydrolysis. Preferred are sulfonated C
12-18 n-paraffins, alone or in combination with suifonated alpha olefilns containing an
average of 14 caroon atoms. important examples of alkylbenzene sulfonates in which
the alkyl group contains from about 9 to about 18 carbon atoms are dodecyl-, tetradecyl-,
and hexadecylbenzene sulfonates and those which are described in U.S. Patents Nos.
2,220,099 and 2,477,383.
[0009] The preferred anionic surface-active agent which can be included in the composition
of the present invention, is the water-soluble hydrocarbon sulfate as represented
hereinbefore by the general formula R
1O(C
2H
4O)
nSO
3M, wherein R
1 is preferably a straight, saturated, aliphatic hydrocarbon radical, having from 8
to 20, desirably 12 to 16 carbon atoms; n is preferably from 3 to 9; and M is preferably
sodium, potassium or ammonium. Said preferred ethoxylated hydrocarbon sulfates can
be present in amounts up to 50%, but are preferably present between 5 and 35% by weight,
based on the total weight of the composition.
[0010] In case of combinations of water-soluble, ethoxylated hydrocarbon sulfates, as represented
by the aforementioned general formula R
1O(C
2H
4O)
nSO
3M, and water-soluble salts of the organic, sulfuric acid reaction product of the general
formula R
2S0
3M, wherein R
1, R
2 and M and n have the same meaning recited above; the weight ratio of said water-soluble
salts of the organic, sulfuric acid reaction product to the ethoxylated hydrocarbon
sulfate will usually be, dependent upon the concentration and type of the metal cations
present in the wash solution (i.e. the ionic strength), from about 10:1 to about 1:10,
preferably from about 3:1 to about 1:1. The most preferred are those compositions
whereby the water-soluble ethoxylated hydrocarbon sulfates are C
12-16 alkyl - 0 - (C
2H
4O)
3-6SO
3M, and the water-soluble salts of the organic, sulfuric acid reaction products are
C
11-18 paraffin sulfonates.
[0011] The levels of nonionic surface-active detergent in the liquid detergent composition
of the present invention will preferably be from about 1% to about 30% by weight,
most preferably from about 1% to about 10% by weight based on the total weight of
the composition.
[0012] Suitable, water-soluble, nonionic surface-active agents to be used in the formulation
of the liquid dishwashing detergent composition of the present invention are the water-soluble,
nonionic, tertiary amine oxides as represented hereinafter by the general formula:
whereby R
3 represents a high molecular, straight or branched, saturated or unsaturated, aliphatic
hydrocarbon, hydroxyhydrocarbon, or alkyloxyhydrocarbon radical, preferably an alkyl
radical having a total of 8 to 24, preferably 12 to 18; R
4 and R
5 which may be the same or different, represent each a methyl, ethyl, hydroxymethyl,
and hydroxyethyl radical.
[0013] They are generally prepared by direct oxidation of appropriate tertiary amines according
to known methods. Specific examples of tertiary amine oxides are: dimethyl dodecyl
amine oxide, diethyl tetradecyl amine oxide, bis-(2-hydroxyethyl)-dodecyl amine oxide,
bis-(2-hydroxyethyl)-3-dodecoxy-l-hydroxypropyl amine oxide, dimethyl-2-hydroxydodecyl
amine oxide, and diethyl eicosyl amine oxide.
[0014] Another group of suitable nonionic surfactant compounds are the water-soluble, tertiary
phosphine oxides, represented by the general formula:
whereby R
3, R
4 and R
5 have the same meaning as described hereinbefore. They can be prepared by alkylating
an alkyl phosphine derivative and oxidizing the resulting reaction product. Specific
examples of tertiary phosphine oxides are: dimethyl dodecyl phosphine oxide, diethyl
tetradecyl phosphine oxide, bis-(2-hydroxyethyl)- dodecyl phosphine oxide, tetradecyl
ethyl 2-hydroxyethyl phosphine oxide, oleyl dimethyl phosphine oxide, and 2-hydroxydodecyl
dimethyl phosphine oxide.
[0015] Still another group of nonionic surfactant compounds are the water-soluble amides
represented by the general formula:
wherein R
6 is a saturated or unsaturated, aliphatic hydrocarbon radical having from 7 to 21,
preferably from 11 to 17 carbon atoms; R
7 represents a methylene or ethylene group; and m is 1, 2 or 3, preferably 1. Specific
examples of said amides are mono-ethanpl coconut fatty acid amide, diethanol dodecyl
fatty acid amide, and dimethanol oleyl amide.
[0016] Yet another group of nonionic surfactant compounds are the water-soluble condensation
products obtained by condensing from 3 to about 25 moles of an alkylene oxide, preferably
ethylene or propylene oxide, with one mole of an organic hydrophobic compound, aliphatic
or alkyl aromatic in nature and having 8 to 24 carbon atoms and at least one reactive
hydrogen atom, preferably a reactive hydroxyl, amino, amido or carboxy group. Specific
examples of these groups of compounds are:
1. condensation products of ethylene oxide with aliphatic alcohols of more than 8
carbon atoms. The alcohols are usually derived from the naturally occurring fatty
acids or from various branched-chain higher alcohols. Among the preferred alcohol-
ethylene oxide condensation products are those made from alcohols derived from tallow
and coconut fatty acids. Most preferred are the condensation products of about 4 to
about 12 moles of ethylene oxide per mole of an aliphatic alcohol having from about
10 to about 18 carbon atoms, in particular a middle-cut coconut fatty alcohol condensed
with 6 moles of ethylene oxide;
2. condensation products of ethylene'oxide with alkylphenols, whereby the phenols
may be mono- or polyalkylated and the total number of side-chain carbon atoms may
be from 5 to 18 carbon atoms. The aromatic nucleus bearing the phenolic hydroxyl may
be benzene, naphthalene, or diphenyl, preferably benzene. Specific examples are condensation
products of one mole of nonylphenol with 9 to 15 moles of ethylene oxide;
3. condensation products of ethylene oxide with the fatty acid esters, preferably
mono-fatty acid esters of the sugar alcohols, sorbitol and manitol, and also of di-
and polysaccharides. Specific examples of the polyoxyethylene sorbitanmonolauric acid
esters having 20 or more ethylene oxide units; and the polyoxyethylene derivatives
of fatty acid partial esters of hexitol anhydrides generally known under the trade
name TWEEN, available from 1C America, Inc., Wilmington, Delaware;
4. polyethenoxy esters, or esters formed by reacting ethylene oxide with carboxylic
acids. The acids can be natural fatty acids or fatty acids made from oxidized paraffin
wax, or mono-or alkylated benzoic and naphthenic acids. Desirable are aliphatic fatty
acids having from 10 to 20 carbon atoms, and benzoic acids with 5 to 18 carbon atoms
in the alkyl groups. Specific examples and preferred condensation products are tall
oil ethylene oxide condensation products having 9 to 15 ethylene oxide units;
5. condensation products of fatty acyl alkanolamides of the type C7-17 alkyl - CO - NHC2H40H, C7-17 alkyl - CO - N - (C2H40H)2 with ethylene oxide. Those preferred are condensation products of one mole of coconut
- CO - NH - C2H40H with 5 to 20 moles of ethylene oxide. Specific examples of polyethenoxy alkanolamides
of fatty acids are the commercial products, marketed under the trade name ETHOMID,
available from Armak Chemical Company, Chicago, Illinois;
6. condensation products of C8-18 alkyl-, C8-18 alkenyl- and C5-18 alkylaryl amines and ethylene oxide. A specific and preferred example is the condensation
product of one mole of dodecylamine with 9-12 moles of ethylene oxide.
[0017] The maximum level of water-soluble, anionic and nonionic surface-active agents that
can be included in the liquid detergent composition of the present invention will
usually depend on the level of each of the surfactants present and also to a certain
extent on the presence of the drainage modification agents herein. The maximum amount
of both nonionic and anionic surface-active agents which can be present in the composition
of the present invention is about 50% by weight based on the total weight of the composition.
[0018] The copolymer used in the present liquid dishwashing detergent composition to provide
enhanced drainage properties, is a copolymer of N-vinyl pyrrolidone and dimethylamino-ethylmethacrylate
whose monomer structure is represented by the following formula:
[0019] The molecular weight of this copolymer is preferably between 40,000 and 1.5 million,
and may be present in the composition from about 0.1% to about 10% by weight of the
total composition, preferably between 0.5% and 3.0% by weight. A copolymer that is
commercially available may be obtained from the GAF Corporation under the trade name
of Gafquat 755, having a molecular weight of about 1 million, and Gafquat 734,having
a molecular weight of about 100,000.
[0020] A third ingredient that is used in the dishwashing liquid composition of the invention
is an alkali metal salt of the protein, casein, preferably sodium caseinate. The caseinate
can be present in an amount of from 0.5% to about 5% by weight based on the total
weight of the composition, preferably from 1.0% to about 3.0% by weight. A commercial
grade of sodium caseinate is available from Western Dairy Products under the trade
name of Savortone LF having the following analysis:
[0021] A more adequate description of casein and its salts may be found in the "Fundaments
of Dairy Chemistry" by B.H.Webb, A.H.Johnson, and J.A.Alford, Avi Publication Co.,
Inc., 2d Ed. (1974), pp. 92-111, which is incorporated herein by reference.
[0022] Accordingly the invention pertains to a light duty, hand dishwashing liquid detergent
composition comprising:
1. About 2% to about 50% by weight of an anionic surfactant compound, nonionic surfactant
compound, or mixtures thereof;
2. About 0.1% to about 10% by weight of a copolymer of N-vinylpyrrolidone and dimethylamino-ethylmethacrylate
having a molecular weight from about 40,000 to about 1,500,000; and
3. From 0.5% to about 5% by weight of an alkali metal salt of casein; the percentages
expressed being based on the total weight of the composition.
[0023] The above liquid detergent composition provides excellent drainage of washed kitchen
utensils and apparatus, and prevents water spotting and filming when the utensils
are left to dry. Moreover, the utensils are left with a shiny clean appearance and
eliminate the necessity for towel drying or wiping.
[0024] A preferred embodiment for the dishwashing liquid detergent composition according
to the invention is one which contains (a) from about 10 to about 50% of an anionic
surfactant compound, or a mixture of anionic surfactant compounds; (b) from about
1% to about 10% of a nonionic surfactant compound, or a mixture of nonionic surfactant
compounds; (c) from about 0.5% to about 3.0% of a copolymer of N-vinylpyrrolidone
and dimethylamino-ethylmethacrylate having a molecular weight between about 40,000
and 1.5 million, or mixtures thereof; and (d) from about 1.0% to about 3.0% of sodium
caseinate; the percentages expressed being based on the total weight of the composition.
[0025] Additional ingredients that can be optionally included in the hand dishwashing liquid
composition of the present invention are water-soluble, low molecular weight organic
acid, or the water-soluble alkali metal, ammonium,or substituted ammonium salts thereof.
Organic acids or their salts are added to enhance the cleaning action of the liquid
detergent composition of the present invention and can, in addition, be used as a
source of ions to maintain the pH of the composition at a given pH value. Suitable
water-soluble, low molecular weight organic acids include, for example, acetic, citric,
malic, gluconic, maleic, lactic, tartaric, propionic, butyric, malonic, polymaleic,
polyitaconic, glutaric, citraconic, benzene pentacarboxylic, hexacarboxylic, succinic,
ethylene diamine tetra-acetic and nitrilotriacetic acids. Partially and completely
neutralized salts of the foregoing acids can also be used. Specific examples of suitable,
organic acid salts are mono-, di- and trisodium citrate, diammonium citrate, monopotassium
tartrate, disodium succinate, and tetrasodium melletate.
[0026] The maximum level of the water-soluble organic acids or salts that can be added to
the liquid detergent composition of the present invention should usually not exceed
15 percent by weight of the total weight of the composition, and should preferably
be below about 10 percent by weight. Some of the organic acid salts can be replaced
by inorganic builder salts. The amount of inorganic builder salts, e.g. sodium phosphates
and carbonates, should preferably not exceed 5 percent by weight in the composition.
[0027] Other suitable ingredients or additional compounds that can optionally be added to
improve consumer acceptance of the composition of the present invention are: perfume,
dyes, fluorescers, tarnish inhibitors, such as benzotriozole or ethylene thio-urea;
shine improvers, such as boric acid or its salts in amounts of up to 3 percent by
weight; bactericides such as 2-bromo-2-nitro-1, 3-propanediol, substituted benziodolium
compounds, diphenyl ethers substituted with C1, Br or -CF
3, e.g. 3,4-dichloro-4'-trifluoromethyldiphenyl ether; organic solvents, and hydrotropes;in
amount of up to about 15 percent by weight to improve the pourability of the composition
and to enhance the compatibility of the different components. Examples of the organic
solvents are the mono- and dialcohols containing 2 to 8 carbon atoms such as ethanol,
butanol, methylpropanol-1 and -2, amylol (pentanol), 1,2-,1,3- and 1,4-butanediol,
toluol, benzyl carbinol, ethyleneglycol monobutyl ether, propyleneglycol propyl ether
and diethyleneglycol dimethyl ether. Examples of hydrotropes are sodium,potassium
or ammonium xylene sulfonate, and sodium, potassium or ammonium isethionate.
[0028] The benefits and advantages of the instant liquid dishwashing detergent composition
are illustrated in the examples and tests set forth below.
Example 1
[0029] The substrates used to judge the effectiveness of the foregoing agents in the drainage
modification in a liquid dishwashing detergent composition of all of the examples
herein were either 310 ml drinking glasses, glass dinner plates (23 cm diameter),
ceramic dinner plates (23 cm diameter), or plastic dinner plates (23 cm diameter),
Boontonware. The substrates were washed with various detergent compositions at a use
level of 0.15% and 0.20% for 1 minute and 3 minutes at a temperature of 40-45°C. Edgewater,
New Jersey tap water was used in all of the experiments. The substrates were then
rinsed either under running tap water or in a dishpan filled with clean tap water.
In both cases, the temperature of the rinse water was approximately 45°C. The duration
of the rinse was varied between 10 seconds and 2 minutes.
[0030] After the rinse, the substrate was placed on a rack to dry. The time at which drainage
began and the percentage of the surface area of the substrate that dried due to this
drainage were recorded. The degree of benefit arising from the agent is directly related
to the time at which drainage begins and the percentage of the area dried by this
drainage. The benefit produced by drainage modification increases with increasing
drainage rate and increasing percentage area dried by the enhanced drainage, provided
that the rinse water film drains as a uniform sheet, and does not break up into water
droplets which produce objectionable spotting.
[0031] The drainage agents used in the following tests are listed in Table 1 below.
[0032] The influence-of polyvinylpyrrolidone and the copolymer of N-vinylpyrrolidone and
dimethylamino-ethylmethacrylate on the drainage of rinse water from several substrates
after washing with a liquid dishwashing composition is set forth in Table 3. The surfactant
system used in these formulations is given in Tabel 2 below:
[0033] All of the results shown in Table 3 are compared with the base surfactant system
given in Table 2 without the inclusion of a drainage modification agent.
Example 2
[0034] Mixtures of the copolymer of the present invention with sodium caseinate shows enhanced
drainage modification on various substrates as compared with sodium caseinate used
alone. This is demonstrated by the. results shown in Table 4 with a surfactant system
used according to Example 1.
[0035] It will be seen that the sodium casei.nate used alone is not as effective as when
it is used in combination with the drainage modification agent according to the invention
herein.
Example 3
[0036] The results described thus far in the foregoing tables have concerned the extent
to which drainage modification agents according to the invention decrease the surface
area that dries by evaporation for a given substrate, e.g. glassware. This rapid drainage
not only facilitates the drying process but also significantly improves the final
appearance of the glassware with respect to liquid dishwashing formulations. The following
test illustrates the extent of this improvement in appearance.
[0037] Ten drinking glasses were soiled with milk. Five of the glasses were washed in a
formulation containing 2.5% by weight of Gafquat-734 copolymer and 2.5% by weight
of sodium caseinate in combination with the Surfactant Formulation described in Table
2. The remaining five glasses were washed in a solution of a commercial hand dishwashing
liquid composition at an identical concentration of 0.20%. The commercial liquid composition
is set forth below in Table 5. A panel of 12 people then compared the two sets of
glasses with respect to spotting, filming and general appearance under normal laboratory
lighting. The panel unanimously selected glasses washed in the copolymer Gafquat-734/sodium
caseinate formulation as having less spotting and filming and as having an overall
"cleaner" appearance compared with glasses washed with the commercial product.
Example 4
[0038] Samples of a surfactant system as used in Example 1 comprising the mixture according.to
the invention were compared with those containing only the copolymer or sodium caseinate
alone.
[0039] The samples were examined on drinking glasses with respect to drain-dry performance
and end result following rinsing. The washing tests were carried out at 42°C using
precleaned glasses for each test at 0.2% product concentration under various water
hardness conditions. Wash and rinse times were prolonged to optimise drain-dry effect;
the treated glasses which had been rinsed were drained in an inverted position following
the normal procedure.
[0040] The results are shown in the following Table 6.
[0041] The above results show that the composition of the invention is clearly superior
in performance to the compositions outside the invention.
[0042] The results also indicate that there is a synergistic effect of sodium caseinate
and Gafquat-734, a copolymer of N-vinylpyrrolidone and dimethylamino-ethylmethacrylate.
1. A light duty, hand dishwashing, liquid detergent composition comprising
(a) from about 1% to about 50% by weight of an anionic surfactant compound, nonionic
surfactant compound, or mixtures thereof;
(b) from about 0.1% to about 10% by weight of a copolymer of N-vinylpyrrolidone and
dimethylamino-ethylmethacrylate having a molecular weight from about 40,000 to about
1,500,000, or mixtures thereof; and
(c) from 0.5% to about 5% by weight of an alkali metal salt of casein.
2. A liquid detergent composition according to claim 1 wherein component (c) is sodium
caseinate.
3. A liquid detergent composition according to claim 1 wherein the anionic surfactant
is a water-soluble hydrocarbon sulphate having the formula R1O(C2H4O)nSO3M wherein R1 is a straight or branched, saturated or unsaturated, aliphatic hydrocarbon radical
having from 8 to 22 carbon atoms; n is an integer from 0 to about 15; and M is a cation
of sodium, potassium or ammonium.
4. A liquid detergent composition according to claim 1 wherein the anionic surfactant
is a compound of the formula
wherein R
2 is a straight or branched, saturated or unsaturated, aliphatic hydrocarbon radical
having from 8 to 24 carbon atoms, or an alkyl benzene radical having from 8 to 18
carbon atoms in the alkyl group; and M is a cation of sodium, potassium, ammonium,
magnesium or calcium.
5. A liquid detergent composition according to claim 1 wherein the nonionic surfactant
is a water-soluble. tertiary amine oxide having the general formula R3R4R5N - 0 wherein R3 represents a high molecular straight or branched, saturated or unsaturated, aliphatic
hydrocarbon, hydroxyhydrocarbon, or alkyloxyhydrocarbon radical, having a total of
8 to 24 carbon atoms, and R4 and R5, which may be the same or different, represent each a methyl, ethyl, hydroxymethyl
or hydroxyethyl radical.
6. A liquid detergent composition according to claim 1 wherein the nonionic surfactant
is a compound of the formula
wherein R
3 represents a high molecular, straight or branched, saturated or unsaturated, aliphatic
hydrocarbon, hydroxyhydrocarbon, or alkyloxy hydrocarbon radical, having a total of
from about 8 to about 24 carbon atoms; and R
4 and R
5, which may be the same or different, represent each a methyl, ethyl, hydroxymethyl
or hydroxyethyl radical.
7. A liquid detergent composition according to claim 1 wherein the nonionic surfactant
is a compound of the formula
wherein R
6 is a saturated or unsaturated, aliphatic hydrocarbon radical having from about 7
to about 21 carbon atoms; R
7 is a methylene or ethylene group; and m is an integer from 1 to 3.
8. A liquid detergent composition according to claim 7 wherein the nonionic surfactant
is lauryl diethanolamide.
9. A liquid detergent composition according to claim 1 wherein the nonionic surfactant
is a water-soluble condensation product of from about 3 to about 25 moles of an alkylene
oxide and 1 mole of an organic, hydrophobic aliphatic or alkyl compound having at
least one reactive hydrogen atom.
10. A liquid detergent composition according to claim 1 wherein the nonionic surfactant
is a water-soluble condensation product of ethylene oxide with (a) an aliphatic alcohol
having from about 10 to about 18 carbon atoms; (b) an alkylphenol; (c) a fatty acid
ester, (d) a polyethenoxy ester or an ester formed by reacting ethylene oxide with
a carboxylic acid; (e) a fatty acyl alkanolamide; or (f) a C8-C18 alkyl-, C8-18 alkenyl-, or C5-8 alkylaryl amine.
11. A liquid detergent composition according to claim 1, comprising:
(a) from about 10% to about 30% of an anionic surfactant compound, or a mixture of
anionic surfactant compounds;
(b) from about 1% to about 10% of a nonionic surfactant compound, or a mixture of
nonionic surfactant compounds;
(c) from about 0.5% to about 3.0% of a copolymer of N-vinylpyrrolidone and dimethylamino-ethylmethacrylate
having a molecular weight between about 40,000 and 1.5 million; and
(d) from about 1.0% to about 3.0% of sodium caseinate; the percentages expressed being
based on the total weight of the composition.