[0001] The present invention relates to an aqueous, built liquid detergent composition with
an improved storage stability at low temperatures.
[0002] Aqueous, built liquid detergent compositions are well-known in the art. They are
usually based upon an active-detergent system together with suitable builder salts,
and, to provide for the required stability on storage they normally comprise a hydrotrope
system. Such hydrotrope systems are manifold, the most well-known being toluene-,
xylene-, or cumene-sulphonates, alkanephosphonates, and solvents such as ethylalcohol.
Frequently, however, the choice of a suitable hydrotrope is restricted by the type
of active detergent and builder salt, and although satisfactory results can be obtained
e.g. when the product is stored at room temperature, less satisfactory results are
achieved when the product is stored under changing temperature conditions, or at lower
temperatures.
[0003] It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide for an aqueous, built
liquid detergent composition which includes a hydrotrope system such, that the storage
stability at lower temperatures is significantly improved. In particular, it is an
object of the present invention to improve the low-temperature storage stability of
aqueous, built liquid detergent compositions which are based on a nonionic detergent-active
system and water-soluble phosphate builder salts, where this problem is particularly
acute.
[0004] It has already been proposed in GB Patent Specification 1,285,582 to improve the
storage-stability of aqueous, built liquid detergent compositions which contain a
nonionic detergent-active system and builder salts by inclusion therein of mono-alkyl-
or alkenyl-succinates, in which the alkyl- or alkenylgroup contains from 7 to 12 carbon
atoms, such as monooctenyl- and monononenyl- succinate. Although such compositions
have indeed a satisfactory storage stability at ambient temperatures, it is less satisfactory
at low temperatures or under changing temperature conditions.
[0005] It has now been found that the low-temperature stability of such compositions can
be significantly improved by inclusion therein of a small amount of an alkalimetal,
ammonium or substituted ammonium salt of an alkyl benzene sulphonic acid in which
the alkylgroup contains from 10 to 15 carbon atoms.
[0006] According to the present invention therefore, an aqueous built liquid detergent composition
with improved low-temperature storage stability comprises a nonionic detergent-active
system, a water-soluble builder salt, and a mono alkyl- or alkenylsuccinate hydrotrope,
and furthermore a small amount of an alkylarylsulphonate as hereinabove defined.
[0007] The nonionic detergent-active system used in the present invention can be any suitable
type of well-known nonionics, either alone or mixtures thereof.
[0008] Nonionics are alkylene oxide condensation products with hydrophobic organic compounds.
Typical examples are ethylene- and/or propylene-oxide condensation products with alcohols,
fatty acids, alkylphenols, fatty acid amides, and glycols. Numerous examples can be
found in Schick, "Nonionic Surfactants", 1967.
[0009] Especially suitable are the condensation products of ethylene oxide (6-10 moles)
with nonylphenol, of ethylene- and/or propylene-oxide (3-12 moles) with linear monohydric
primary or secondary alcohols with 9-15 carbon atoms, or mixtures thereof.
[0010] In general, the amount of nonionic detergent active ranges from 5-25% by weight,
the preferred range being 6-20% by weight.
[0011] The water-soluble builder salts used in the present invention can be organic. and/or
inorganic builder salts, such as sodium citrate, sodium carboxymethyloxysuccinate,
sodium nitrilotriacetate, sodium carbonate, sodium or potassium salts of ortho-, pyro-
or tripolyphosphoric acid, such as sodium and potassium tripolyphosphate, tripotassium
orthophosphate, tet,rapotassiumpyrophosphate, and mixtures thereof. In general the
amount of the phosphate builder salts ranges from 5-25% by weight, the preferred range
being 12-20% by weight.
[0012] The mono alkyl- or alkenyl-succinate hydrotrope to be used in the present invention
contains from 7-12, particularly from 8-9 carbon atoms in the alkyl or alkenylgroup.
These groups may be branched or straight-chain, the latter being preferred. They may
be used in the acid or anhydride form, their corresponding salts being formed in situ
in the composition by neutralisation with alkaline material present therein, or they
may be added in their salt form. Suitable salts are the alkalimetal, ammonium or substituted
ammonium salts.
[0013] In general, the amount of the alkyl- or alkenyl succinate ranges from 3-15% by weight,
the preferred range being from 4-10% by weight. The composition of the invention may
furthermore comprise other ingredients, commonly used in aqueous, built liquid detergent
compositions, Thus, it may comprise alkaline material such as potassiumhydroxide or
potassium carbonate (up to 10%), sequestering agents such as ethylene-diaminetetraacetic
acid, ethanehydroxydi- phosphonic acid, ethylenediaminetetraphosphonic acid, triethanolamine
etc. (up to 2%), foam depressors such as soaps, silicones, paraffins etc. (up to 5%),
fluorescers in minor amounts, enzymes, perfumes, colouring agents, germicides, anti-soil
redeposition agents and so on.
[0014] The alkylbenzenesulphonate which is used according to the present invention is an
alkalimetal ammonium or substituted ammonium salt of alkylbenzenesulphonic acid, in
which the alkylgroup is branched or, preferably, straight-chain and which comprises
from 10-15 carbon atoms. Suitable examples are sodium or potassium straight-chain
C
12-alk
ylbenzenesulphonate.
[0015] Generally, a small amount of these sulphonates is used, from 0.5-3% by weight, the
preferred range being from 0.75-1.5% by weight.
[0016] The compositions of the invention can be prepared in any suitable manner; it is however
advantageous to add the hydrotrope to the composition prior to the phosphate builder
salts and neutralize the hydrotrope in situ.
[0017] The products of the invention are particularly suitable for industrial laundering,
especially to prepare stock solutions therefrom to be used in industrial laundering
processes where these solutions are automatically dosed into the washing system. They
are of particular benefit for the laundering of polyester/cottong laundry.
[0018] The invention is further illustrated by the following examples.
Example I
[0019] The following compositions were prepared:
These compositions were stored under cycling conditions, i.e. at temperatures of -12°C
and + 20°C changing the temperature every 24 hours, which was repeated 6 times, as
well as in a refrigerator (temp.+3°C). Their stability was visually assessed as to
phase separation. The following results were obtained:
The figures in the above table denote the amount of days after which instability,
i.e. phase separation was observed. It can be seen that the addition of the alkylbenzenesulphonate
in each case greatly enhances the storage stability under both storage conditions.
Example 2
[0020] Replacing the nonionic detergent active of Example 1 by a 1:1 mixture of C
9-11 monohydric alcohol, condensed with 6 moles of EO and C
12-15 monohydric alcohol, condensed with 3 moles of EO produces similar results.