FIELD OF THE INVENTION
[0001] The present invention relates to a method for manufacturing a leno weave tubular
fabric in a circular loom and a circular loom for weaving a leno weave tubular fabric.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PRIOR ART
[0002] Circular looms for weaving a tubular fabric have been known, and for example, the
circular looms developed by the present inventor (see U.S. Patents No. 3,871,413 and
No. 3,961,648), and the circular loom manufactured and sold by the British company,
Fairbairn-Lawson Machinery, Ltd., are typical.
[0003] As is well known, in circular looms of the above--mentioned types, an even number
of shuttles are mounted on an annular shuttle guide member so that said shuttles can
travel along this guide member, and an engaging means, such as press rollers, to be
engaged with the corresponding shuttles, respectively, are moved along the shuttle
guide member. Each shuttle is pressed by the corresponding engaging means and is propelled
along the shuttle guide member. Wefts taken out from the respective shuttles are fabricated
with warps sequentially opened on both the upper and lower sides of the respctive
shuttles by healds, and a tubular fabric is thus formed. In this case, several healds
are supported by a heald frame, and many heald frames are arrayed in two rows in a
circular manner. A set composed of an inner heald frame and an outer heald frame in
the circular array is moved up and down by a cylindrical cam mechanism which rotates
in synchronism with the advance of the shuttle, and the individual sets are successively
opened. A set of heald frames forming a shed in a shedding mechanism consists only
of an inner heald frame and an outer heald frame. Therefore, with the conventional
circular loom, only fabrics with a plain weave could be obtained; other woven fabrics
with different weaves could not be obtained.
[0004] Tubular fabrics woven in such a circular loom utilizing tapes of synthetic resins,
such as polypropylene and polyethylene resins, or synthetic resin strands, such as
multifilament yarns or cords of synthetic resins, as warps and wefts, have been widely
used for bags for transportation and storage of various materials and shopping bags,
because these bags are strong and light in weight.
[0005] However, tubular fabrics woven in a conventional circular loom have a plain weave
and are woven in such a manner that yarns are closedly located to each other, and
accordingly, they have a disadvantage in that the air permeability is inferior. As
a result, such a bag"is not suitable for the storage of vegetables, such as onions
or potatos. If the weave density is reduced by decreasing the number of warps or wefts
in order to enhance the air permeability, the yarns may easily become displaced, especially
when synthetic tapes are used as warps and wefts, and then, there is the disadvantage
of excessively large openings being formed in the tubular fabric.
[0006] Leno weave is known as a weave by which good permeability can be obtained and by
which the displacement of yarns can be prevented. In leno weave, crossing parts are
formed between the wefts, and therefore, the distance between the yarns can be enlarged,
while the displacement of yarns do not occur.
[0007] Incidentally, in an ordinary loom, four healds are usually utilized in order to weave
a woven fabric with leno weave. More specifically, there are two healds for a standard
warp and a leno warp, and two doup healds consisting of a standard heald and a skeleton
heald.
[0008] However, since a shedding mechanism of a conventional circular loom moves heald frames
up and down by means of a cylindrical cam mechanism, it is difficult to employ three
or more heald frames to constitute a set of frames. If it is attempted to design a
shedding mechanism to be capable of moving three or more heald frames up and down,
the structure of such a shedding mechanism will become very complicated, and the weaving
speed will be decreased, and accordingly, such a loom will be unpractical.
DISCLOSURE OF THE INVENTION
[0009] An object of the present invention is to provide a tubular fabric which has good
air permeability and which is free from substantial displacement of constituent yarns.
[0010] Another object of the present invention is to provide a method for manufacturing
a leno weave tubular fabric, using a shedding mechanism consisting of a plurality
of heald frames that are arrayed in two rows in a circular manner, the same as in
a conventional manner, and of a circular cam mechanism for moving the heald frames
up and down; and the present invention further relates to a circular loom for effecting
the method.
[0011] According to one aspect of the present invention, the objects are achieved by a method
for manufacturing a leno weave tubular fabric in a circular loom characterized in
that a standard warp is kept in a substantially stationary condition without being
subjected to a positive shedding motion, a leno warp is lifted on one side of the
standard warp to form a shed, and at the next shedding, the leno warp is lifted on
the opposite side of the standard warp to form a shed after the leno warp passes beneath
the standard warp, and the shedding motion of the leno warp is repeated.
[0012] According to another aspect of the present invention, the objects are accomplished
by a circular loom for weaving a leno weave tubular fabric comprising a plurality
of heald frames arranged in two rows along two concentric circles, each inner heald
frame and corresponding outer heald frame forming a pair, the pair being constructed
in such a manner that when one of the heald frames forming the pair is lifted or lowered,
the other heald frame is lowered or lifted, characterized in that the heald frames
forming the pair support standard healds for a leno warp, and a skeleton heald is
incorporated with the pair of standard healds, the skeleton heald being provided with
an eye for guiding the leno warp, and a yarn passage in the weaving zone is restricted
by: a yarn guide arranged along a circle outside of the heald frames; a clearance
formed between vertical rods arranged along a circle inside of the heald frames; and
an inner guide gauge ring guiding the woven fabric.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0013]
Fig. 1 is a perspective view of an embodiment of a circular loom according to the
present invention;
Fig. 2 is a developed view showing the relationship between a plurality of shuttles,
a plurality of heald frames and a mechanism for the shedding motion of the present
invention;
Fig. 3 is a diagrammatical perspective view illustrating a doup heald, yarn guides
and an inner guide gauge ring of the present invention;
Fig. 4 is a perspective view illustrating a doup heald frame and a mechanism for the
shedding motion of the present invention, wherein the doup heald is removed in order
to facilitate easy understanding of the mechanism;
Fig. 5 is a schematic view illustrating a condition wherein an inner standard heald
of the doup heald is lifted and an outer standard heald is lowered;
Fig. 6 is a view illustrating the relationship between a standard warp, leno warp
and weft under the condition illustrated in Fig. 5;
Fig. 7 is a schematic view illustrating a condition wherein an inner standard heald
is lowered and an outer standard heald is lifted;
Fig. 8 is a view illustrating the relationship between a standard warp, leno warp
and weft under the condition illustrated in Fig. 7; and
Fig. 9 is a view illustrating the weave structure of a tubular fabric manufactured
by a circular loom of the present invention.
BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE PRESENT INVENTION
[0014] Fig. 1 illustrates an embodiment of a circular loom according to the present invention.
In the circular loom 1 illustrated in Fig. 1, a weaving zone 4, including a shed forming
means and a filling means, is mounted within a frame 9, and the shed forming means
and the filling means are driven by an electric motor 5, disposed at the lower portion
of the frame 9, through a first power transmission mechanism (not shown). At a position
above the weaving zone, a means 8 for taking up the woven tubular fabric is disposed
and is driven through a second power transmission mechanism (not shown). The second
power transmission mechanism is driven by the first power transmission mechanism through
a driving transmission lever 11 so that the taking up means is driven in synchronism
with the weaving zone. Warps 3, in a number necessary for weaving a desirable tubular
fabric 2, are fed to a pair of creels 6 disposed on both the sides of the weaving
zone 4 symmetrically with each other with respect to the weaving zone 4 (only one
creel, disposed on the right side, is illustrated in Fig. 1), from a plurality of
packages 6a rotatably mounted for feeding warps, and the warps 3 are fed to the weaving
zone 4 through warp feed-out means 7. The tubular fabric 2 formed by the weaving operation
in the weaving zone 4 of the circular loom 1 is upwardly taken out by the woven fabric
taking up means 8 and guided to a winding means (not shown) in a direction indicated
by an arrow.
[0015] In the weaving zone 4 of the circular loom, a plurality of heald frames are arrayed
in two rows along two concentric circles, each inner heald frame 25 (Fig. 2) of which
is paired with a corresponding outer heald frame 26. The pair is constructed in such
a manner that when one of heald frames forming the pair is lifted or lowered, the
other heald frame is correspondingly lowered or lifted. As shown in Fig. 2, in this
circular loom, a plurality of pairs of heald frames perform a wave-like shedding motion,
and a plurality of shuttles 13 provided with warp yarn guides 14 pass through the
sheds.
[0016] Referring to Figs. 2 and 4, a shedding motion mechanism for vertically moving the
heald frames will now be briefly explained. In this circular loom, a plurality of
guide rods 18 are disposed between a lower shuttle guide rail 16 and a machine frame
17, and each guide rod 18 has a sliding piece 19 slidably mounted thereon. The sliding
piece 19 has two rollers 21 and 22 which engage with a cam projection 24 formed on
the side surface of a cam disc 23. The cam projection 24 is formed in a wave shape
as illustrated at the lower portion of Fig. 2. As the cam disc 23 rotates while the
loom is operated, the sliding piece 19 is vertically moved along the guide rod 18.
[0017] The inner heald frame 25 and the outer heald frame 26 have supporting sheets 27 and
28 attached to the lower end thereof, respectively, and the lower ends of the supporting
sheets 27 and 28 are connected to an endless belt 29 by means of an appropriate securing
means. The endless belt 29 is wrapped around two guide pulleys 31 and 32 rotatably
mounted on a bracket (not shown), and accordinlgy, it is movable in both directions,
i.e., clockwise and counter clockwise directions. The supporting sheet 27 attached
to the inner heald frame 25 is secured to the sliding piece 19 by means of a pin 33.
Accordingly, as the sliding piece 19 is vertically moved due to the rotation of the
cam disc 23, the inner heald frame 25 and the outer heald frame 26 are also vertically
moved. Fig. 2 illustrates the locational relationship between the shuttles 13, the
sliding pieces 19, and inner and outer heald frames 25 and 26. In the upper portion
of Fig. 2, dots (.) denote standard warps Y
1 , and dots encircled by small circles (Q) denote leno warps Y
2. The shedding motion mechanism of the present invention is similar to that disclosed
in U.S. Patent No. 3,961,648, and therefore, further explanation thereof is omitted
here.
[0018] As illustrated in Fig. 3, the heald utilized in the present invention is not an ordinary
heald, but a doup heald. The inner and outer heald frames 25 and 26 have upper and
lower bars 35 for supporting healds mounted at the upper and lower portions thereof,
which bars support standard healds 37 and 38. Each standard heald 37 or 38 is provided
with at least one eye 37a or 38a, preferably two eyes 37a and 37b, or 38a and 38b.
The upper eye 37a or 38a of each standard heald 37 or 38 includes a portion downwardly
inclined toward the opposite standard heald 38 or 37 as illustrated in Figs. 3, 5
and 7. The inner and outer heald frames 25 and 26 also have a skeleton heald (i.e.,
a half heald) 39. The top portion 41 of the skeleton heald 39 has an eye 41a for guiding
the leno warp formed therein, and two leg portions 42 and 43 downwardly extending
from the top portion pass through eyes 37a and 37b, and 38a and 38b of the inner and
outer standard healds 37 and 38, respectively. The lower ends of the leg portions
42 and 43 of the skeleton heald 39 are connected to one end of a spring 44, the other
end of which is secured to the machine frame 17 (see Fig. 4), and accordingly, the
skeleton heald 39 is always urged downwardly by means of the spring 44.
[0019] In the weaving zone of the circular loom, the standard warp Y
1 passes through a yarn guide 45 which is arranged outside of the heald frames 25 and
26 along a circle, and then, it passes through a space between the skeleton heald
39 and the inner or outer standard heald 37 or 38, and after it passes through a clearance
formed between the adjacent vertical rods 47 which are disposed between the upper
and lower shuttle guide rails 15 and 16, it extends to an inner guide gauge ring 46.
At the inner guide gauge ring 46, the warps Y
1 and Y
2 and the weft Y
3 are crossed to form a fabric F.
[0020] Contrary to this, the leno warp Y
2 passes through the yarn guide 45, and then, it passes through the eye 41a of the
skeleton heald 39, and thereafter, it passes through the clearance formed between
the vertical rods, which clearance is the same as the clearance where the standard
warp Y
1 passes through, and finally, it reaches the inner guide gauge ring 46.
[0021] The inner and outer heald frames 25 and 26 are moved upwardly and downwardby as the
shuttles 13 travel, as shown in Fig. 2. Since the leg portions 42 and 43 of the skeleton
heald 39 are inserted into the eyes 37a and 37b of the inner standard heald 37 and
the eyes 38a and 38b of the outer standard heald 38, respectively, the skeleton heald
alternately moves to the left side and to the right side of the standard warp Y
1 as the shuttle 13 travels, and when the skeleton heald is moved upwards, it forms
an open shed and a crossed shed.
[0022] Fig. 5 illustrates a condition wherein an inner standard heald 37 is lifted and the
outer standard heald 38 is lowered. In this case, the eye 37a of the inner standard
heald 37 engages with the top portion 41 of the skeleton heald 39, and accordingly
the skeleton heald 39 is lifted by means of the eye 37a of the standard heald 37 against
the spring 44. The eye 37a of the inner standard heald 37 is moved upwardly beyond
the shuttle 13, and the leno warp Y
2 is lifted beyond the shuttle 13 by means of the eye 41a formed in the top portion
of the skeleton heald 39. The eye 38a of the outer standard heald 38 is lowered beyond
the shuttle 13. The standard warp Y
1 passes through a gap between the leg portion 43 of the skeleton heald 39 and the
standard heald 38 at a position above the eye 38a of the standard heald 38, and the
standard warp Y
l lies on a line connecting the yarn guide 45 and the inner guide gauge ring 46. When
the shuttle 13 travels, the leno warp Y
2 is introduced to the upper side of the shuttle 13 by means of the eye 41a formed
in the skeleton heald 39, and the standard warp Y
1 is introduced to the lower side of the shuttle 13 by means of the warp guide 14.
In this case, if the position of the yarn guide 45 is set below the imaginary horizontal
plane H including the center of the shuttle 13 therein as illustrated in the drawings,
the standard warp can be located below the center of the shuttle 13, and accordingly,
it is preferable, from a practical point of view, because such a warp can smoothly
be introduced to the lower side of the shuttle 13 by means of the warp guide 14 mounted
on the shuttle 13.
[0023] After the shuttle 13 passes through a gap between the leno warp Y
2 and the standard yarp Y
1 , the standard heald 38 is lifted. The spring 44 serves to ensure the top portion
41 of the skeleton heald 39 to engage with the eye 37a of the standard heald 37, and
the skeleton heald 39 is lowered following the movement of the eye 37a formed in the
standard heald 37. The leno warp Y
2 is lowered by means of the eye 41a of the skeleton heald 39. The eye 38a of the standard
heald 38 moves upwardly along the leg portion 43 of the skeleton heald 39 and engages
with the standard warp Y
1 from below. The standard warp Y is raised along the leg portion 43 of the skeleton
heald 39 by means of the inclined portion of the eye 38a formed in the standard heald
38.
[0024] The eye 38a formed in the standard heald 38 engages with the top portion 41 of the
skeleton heald 39, and the standard warp Y
1 is raised onto the top portion 41 of the skeleton heald 39. Thereafter, the skeleton
heald 39 is lifted by means of the eye 38a formed in the standard heald 38, and contrary
to this, the eye 37a formed in the standard heald 37 is lowered along the leg portion
42 of the skeleton heald 39. At this time, the standard warp Y is guided by the eye
38a formed in the standard heald 38 so as to pass over the top portion 41 of the skeleton
heald 39, and the standard warp Y
1 is inserted into a gap between the skeleton heald 37 and the leg portion 42 of the
skeleton heald 39. The leno warp Y
2 is guided by the eye 41a of the skeleton heald 39 and passes beneath the standard
warp Y
1. As a result, the positions of the leno warp Y
2 and the standard warp Y are exchanged with each other, and a crossing part is formed.
The leno warp Y
2 is raised upwardly by means of the eye 41a formed in the skeleton heald 39, and contrary
to this, the standard warp Y
1 follows the movement of the eye 37a of the standard heald 37 and lowers along the
leg 42 of the skeleton heald 39.
[0025] As illustrated in Fig. 7, the eye 38a of the standard heald 38 is lifted above the
shuttle 13, and the leno warp Y
2 is raised upwardly beyond the shuttle 13 by means of the eye 41a formed in the skeleton
heald 39. The eye 37a of the standard heald 37 is lowered beyond the shuttle 13, and
the standard warp Y
1 lies on a line connecting the yarn guide 45 and the inner guide gauge ring 46. Thereafter,
when the next shuttle 13 travels, the leno warp Y
2 is introduced to the upper side of the shuttle 13, and contrary to this, the standard
warp Y
1 is introduced to the lower side of the shuttle 13. After the shuttle 13 passes through,
the standard heald 38 lowers, and the standard heald 37 lifts. Accordingly, the positions
of the leno warp Y
2 and the standard warp Y
1 are exchanged with each other, and they again become in a condition illustrated in
Fig. 5.
[0026] Fig. 6 illustrates a relationship between the leno warp Y
2 , standard warp Y and the weft Y
3 withdrawn from the shuttle 13 which are illustrated in Fig. 5. Since the standard
warp Y
1 is inserted into a gap between the leg portion 43 of the skeleton heald 39 and the
standard heald 38, the leno warp Y
2 forming a shed is located above the standard warp Y
1 in Fig. 6 when it is seen in a direction perpendicular to the sheet on which Fig.
6 is illustrated. Fig. 8 illustrates the relationship between the leno warp Y
2 , the standard warp Y
1 ' and the weft Y
3 withdrawn from the shuttle 13 which are illustrated in Fig. 7. Since the standard
warp Y
1 is inserted into a gap between the leg portion 42 of the skeleton heald 39 and the
standard heald 37, the leno warp Y
2 forming a shed in Fig. 8 is located below the standard warp Y
1 when it is seen in a direction perpendicular to the sheet on which Fig. 8 is illustrated,
and the positions of the leno warp and standard warp Y
1 together forming a shed in Fig. 8 is reverse to those in Fig. 6.
[0027] The operations explained in conjunction with Figs. 5 and 7 are successively and alternately
repeated by means of a plurality of the doup healds arranged on the shuttle guides
15 and 16. Accordingly, crossing parts of the leno warps Y
2 engaging with the doup healds with the standard warps Y
1 are formed between the adjacent weft yarns Y
3 withdrawn from the shuttles 13. As a result, a leno weave tubular fabric 2, which
has a weave structure as illustrated in Fig. 9, is woven. The thus produced leno weave
tubular fabric 2 is guided to the inner guide gauge ring 46, from which the fabric
2 is taken up upwardly.
[0028] As is apparent from the above-explained embodiment, in the present invention, a plurality
of doup healds arranged at the outer periphery of the circular shuttle guides are
successively and alternately moved upwardly and downwardly. According to this construction,
crossing parts of leno warps Y
2 with standard warps Y
1 can be formed between adjacent weft yarns. Consequently, a tubular fabric wherein
the distance between the adjacent yarns is large can be produced, and the tubular
fabric can be used to manufacture a bag which is suitable for the storage of onions,
potatos and so on.