[0001] The present invention relates to map display systems and more particularly to such
systems in which the map display is derived from stored data.
[0002] The term map as used herein includes inter-alia maritime charts and topographical
maps.
[0003] It will be appreciated that maps in a permanent form (for example maps printed on
paper) are bulky items, and if large numbers of maps are required, storage and indexing
may become significant problems. These problems are enhanced if maps of differing
scales are required and/or maps showing particular features are needed.
[0004] Furthermore if some kind of temporary information is required to be added to a map,
for example when planning a route, the map may be damaged by subsequent removal of
the temporary marking.
[0005] One solution to providing a location marker on maritime charts involves the use of
a moving light source under a translucent chart table, the light source being arranged
to move in dependence on the measured location of a vessel in which the system is
being used. If further information is required to be added to the chart on a temporary
basis - for example the location of other vessels in the vicinity - this may be done
by marking the chart or by marking on a transparent overlay.
[0006] If a permanent record of information added to a chart at a particular time is required
then duplicate copies of the map will be required.
[0007] It is one object of the present invention to provide a map display system which overcomes
these and other problems.
[0008] According to the present invention in a map display system display means is arranged
to provide a visual display in respect of display data stored in a frame store and
control means is arranged to write into the frame store display data which is in respect
of a selected segment of a map and which is derived from a data store arranged to
store data defining the whole map, said display data being commensurate with the resolution
of the display means.
[0009] Preferably the control means is responsive to keys of a manually operable keyboard
to select the segment of the map required for display. The display data may be derived
from the data held in the data store so that the displayed segment of the map may
be at differing scales.
[0010] The system may also include means to enter into the frame store information or symbols
to be superimposed on the displayed segment of the map. A further store may be provided
in which data defining the segment of the map with the information and/or symbols
imposed thereon may be stored for subsequent recovery.
[0011] The system may also be arranged to provide a chart showing a topographical section
along a user definable line of the selected segment of the map.
[0012] The control means may also be responsive to mechanical or electromechanical means
to enable the displayed segment of the map to be amended in accordance with the position
of the vehicle or vessel in which the system is installed.
[0013] The means to enter data in the frame store may also be responsive to detection means
such as sonar or radar to cause the superimposition of information and/or symbols
on the displayed segment of the map.
[0014] A graphics printer may be provided to enable a permanent record of a segment of the
map with or without superimposed information and/or symbols to be obtained.
[0015] The display means may include a touch sensitive or light sensitive screen to facilitate
the transfer of information to the control means.
[0016] The segment of the map to be displayed is preferably specified as a grid reference
or X,Y co-ordinate references of one point on the map, the displayed segment being
selected to surround or emanate from the defined point in a predetermined manner.
[0017] Map display systems in accordance with the invention will now be described by way
of example with reference to the accompanying drawings of which Figures 1 to 4 are
respective block diagrams of map display systems each affording differing facilities.
[0018] Referring to Figure 1 the system comprises a video tape reader 1 arranged to read
information from a pre-recorded video tape (not shown separately), a frame store 2
and a raster scanned display screen 3 which is, for example, a commercially available
television set. A switch 4 is provided to enable the display screen 3 to be controlled
by either the video tape reader 1 or from the frame store 2.
[0019] Thus a user of the system may run a video tape through the video tape reader 1 with
the switch 4 connected to a line 4A to scan the entire content of the video tape in
the conventional manner. It will be realised that the video tape stores the data for
a complete map in analogue form suitable for controlling a television set.
[0020] When the desired section of the map, data for which is held by the video tape, is
shown on the display screen 3, the relevant single frame is transferred to the frame
store 2. The switch 4 is connected to a line 4B so that the display screen 3 displays
the single frame defining the desired section of the map until a further section of
the map is required by the user. It will be appreciated that the frame store holds
the data in a raster scan format and that the output of the frame store must be suitable
for controlling the display of a television set.
[0021] To enable annotation of the map segment displayed on the display screen 3 a transparent
screen (not separately shown) may be overlayed on the display screen. The user may
write information on the overlay using an eraseable marker.
[0022] Referring to Figure 2 a more flexible map display system is shown using a similar
frame store 2 and display screen 3 to that shown in Figure 1. In this system the complete
map is stored in digitally coded form in a data store 5 and the segment of map to
be displayed is selected by use of a keyboard control panel 6. The data store 5 may
be for example a disc store, a magnetic core store, a magnetic tape store or a semiconductor
memory.
[0023] The data held in the data store 5 is not suitable for controlling the display screen
3 directly. The data held in the data store 5 may be arranged to define a basic map
whilst data relating to features of the map (topographical features, symbols representing
buildings and the like) may be stored separately.
[0024] The system is arranged to select from the data stored in the data store 5 that data
which is relevant to the map section to be displayed, and to combine the data and
re-organise it into raster scan order. The re-organised data is then stored in the
frame store 2.
[0025] The frame store 2 has a signal conversion circuit (not shown separately) such that
its output signals are suitable for controlling a television or other raster scanned
display.
[0026] The segment of map to be displayed in specified by a user of the system entering
the grid reference of a point within the map. On receipt of data from the keyboard
6 the system is arranged to transfer data from the data store 5 to the frame store
2 to cause a segment of the map to be displayed on the display screen 3. The segment
displayed is arranged to surround the point specified which is positioned approximately
at the centre of the display screen 3.
[0027] The display screen 3 has a transparent screen overlayed thereon to enable hand annotation
of the displayed map segment as described for the display screen of Figure 1.
[0028] Referring to Figure 3 the map system is an enhanced version of the system of Figure
2 having additionally a function generator 7. The function generator 7 is controlled
from the keyboard control panel 6 and is arranged to modify the data which has been
transferred to the frame store 2 from the data store 5 as hereinbefore described.
[0029] If a user of the system wishes to superimpose a symbol on the map segment displayed
on the display screen 3 he operates keys of the control panel to specify the grid
reference (or the X and Y co-ordinates) of the point at which the symbol is required.
Further operation of the keyboard specifies the symbol to be superimposed and the
function generator is arranged to modify the data held in the frame store 2 at the
appropriate addresses to cause the symbol to appear on the display screen 3.
[0030] The display screen 3 may include a transparent overlay to enable the user to annotate
the map by hand in addition to superimposing symbols or text on the screen from the
keyboard control panel 6.
[0031] As an alternative to specifying the grid reference or co-ordinatesof the point at
which the selected symbol is to be displayed the display screen 3 may include a light
sensitive screen (not shown) such that the point at which a symbol is to appear may
be specified by the user using a light emitting pen, only the symbol being specified
from the keyboard control panel 6.
[0032] If a light sensitive screen is used for this purpose it will be appreciated that
X and Y co-ordinate data leads from the display screen 3 will be connected to the
function generator.
[0033] Turning now to Figure 4 the map display system may be expanded to receive information
from many sources for superimposition on the display screen 3. As specific examples
inputs to a processor 8, which controls the transfer of data to the frame store 8,
may be from radar scanners 9 or sonar 10. Other sensors 12 such as from steering controls
and the like may also provide an input to the processor 8 together with inputs from
any other navigation aids 11.
[0034] The inputs from the radar scanners 9 and sonar 10 may be used to cause symbols indicating
the presence of other vehicles or vessels on the display screen 3 under control of
the processor 8 which causes modification of the data in the frame store 2.
[0035] The inputs from the navigation aids 11 and sensors 12 may be used by the processor
8 to cause scrolling of the segment of the map displayed on the display screen 3 in
accordance with movement of the vessel or vehicle in which the apparatus is mounted.
[0036] Any or all of the functions described in the preceding paragraphs may be requested
from the keyboard control panel 6 and only those functions specifically requested
at any time will be carried out.
[0037] The transfer of data from the data store 5 to the frame store 2 is effected in the
same way as that described for the operation of the systems of Figures 2 and 3. However,
the introduction of the processor 8 provides a great deal of versatility. For example
the data held in the data store 5 may define a map at a scale of, say, ten to one.
If a very detailed display of a small segment of the map is required then the processor
8 derives data for the frame store 2 from all of the data held in the data store 5
for the particular segment. If a larger segment of the map is required at a scale
of, say, 200 to one then the processor selects which of the data in the data store
5 is processed to produce the data for the frame store 2. For example if contour lines
would be displayed at, say, five metre height intervals on a map at a scale of ten
to one then contour lines displayed at a scale of 200 to one may be at height intervals
of, say, fifty metres, Certain symbols may be omitted in the smaller scale map with
the processor 8 being arranged to cause the display of, possibly, features of the
ground (or sea) only and adding selected symbols by request from the keyboard control
panel 6.
[0038] In an additional mode of working the processor 8 may be arranged to provide a topographical
map derived from the data defining contours of land or depths of seas held in the
data store 5. The topographical map section line may be defined by grid points for
its two ends, or by 'X' and 'Y' co-ordinates of the segment shown on the display screen
5, which may be provided from the keyboard control panel 6.
[0039] Alternatively the section line may be defined by use of a light pen 14 on a light
sensitive screen (not shown) overlayed on the display screen 3.
[0040] The light pen 14 may also be used to define a point on the display screen 3 at which
a symbol selected from the keyboard control panel 6 shall be displayed. Textual annotation
by use of the light pen 14 and the keyboard control panel 6 may be effected in a similar
manner.
[0041] A "real time" clock 15 may be provided with inputs to the processor 8 to enable calculations
of, for example, estimated positions at specific times to be carried out, or estimated
times of arrival at positions shown on the segment of map displayed on an estimated
(or light pen input) course shown on the display screen.
[0042] The clock 15 is also used by a data logger 17 which may be used, on request from
the. keyboard control panel 6 or automatically at periodic intervals determined by
the processor 8, to record the data held in the frame store 2 at particular times.
Such data may be used to reconstruct the map segment displayed including all overwritten
symbols and annotations as and when they may be required.
[0043] A graphics printer 16 is provided to enable a "hard" (e.g. paper) copy of any map
segment either derived directly from the data held in the data store 5 or as currently
displayed by the display screen 3.
[0044] Map segments printed by the graphics printer 16 and derived from the data held by
the data store 5 may be produced if required whilst the display screen 3 is showing
a different map segment.
[0045] It will be realised that the graphics printer 16 may be used to produce a copy of
a map segment defined by data held by the data logger 17.
[0046] It will be appreciated that a number of display screens 3, 3', 3" may be provided
at different locations within a vessel or vehicle each receiving data from the frame
store 2. Alternatively each display screen 3', 3" may have an independent frame store
(not shown) to which data may be written by the processor 8. In the latter case each
frame store may be provided with an associated keyboard control panel (not shown)
and if necessary more than one processor 8 may be used to derive data from the data
held in the data store 5.
1. A map display system wherein display means is arranged to provide a visual display
in respect of display data stored in a frame store and control means is arranged to
write into the frame store display data which is in respect of a selected segment
of a map and which is derived from a data store arranged to store data defining the
whole map, said display data being commensurate with the resolution of the display
means.
2. A map display system as claimed in Claim 1 wherein the control means is responsive
to a keyboard to select the segment of the map to be displayed by the display means.
3. A map display system as claimed in Claim 1 or Claim 2 wherein the control means
is also arranged to vary the display data derived from the data held in the data store
such that the segment of the map displayed may be at differing scales.
4. A map display system as claimed in Claim 1, Claim 2 or. Claim 3 wherein a function
generator is arranged to modify the data held in the frame store to cause additional
information and/or symbols to be included in the displayed map segment.
5. A map display system as claimed in any preceding claim wherein a second data store
is arranged to store the data held in the frame store at any time to enable the subsequent
reconstruction of the displayed segment of the map.
6. A map display system as claimed in any preceding claim wherein a graphics printer
is arranged, to provide a print of the displayed segment of the map.
7. A map display system as claimed in any preceding claim wherein the display screen
includes a light sensitive or pressure sensitive screen arranged to provide data to
the control means defining the co-ordinates of a point or points on the display screen
in accordance with light or pressure on the screen.
8. A map display system as claimed in any preceding claim wherein the control means
is also arranged to derive data defining a topographical section for display from
the data held in the data store.
9. A map display system as claimed in any preceding claim wherein the control means
is also responsive to movement sensors to provide to the frame store data defining
a segment of the map at periodic intervals such that the segment of the map displayed
on the display screen is determined by the location of the vehicle or vessel in which
the system is in use.
10. A map display system as claimed in any preceding claim wherein the control means
is also responsive to detection means to cause the superimposition of symbols and/or
text on the segment of the map displayed on the display screen.
11. A map display system as claimed in any preceding claim wherein the system is arranged
such that the segment of map to be displayed on the display screen is selected so
as to at least partly surround a defined grid reference.
12. A map display system substantially as hereinbefore described with reference to
Figure 2, Figure 3 or Figure 4 of the accompanying drawings.