TECHNICAL FIELD
[0001] This invention relates to a method and apparatus for cold sizing a workpiece having
multiple diameters.
BACKGROUND ART
[0002] Round metal parts are conventionally accurately sized after an initial turning operation
by a subsequent grinding operation in order to provide the required tolerance for
the application for which the workpiece is to be utilized. For example, universal
joints for vehicle drives conventionally include a joint member having four round
surfaces of cylindrical shapes that are coaxial about a central axis of the joint
member and have different diameters. The largest round surface is utilized with a
seal to provide sealing of the joint, while the next largest round surface supports
a bearing that mounts the joint. Both of the two smaller round surfaces are subsequently
formed with projections, the larger one with splines utilized to rotatively couple
the joint and the smaller one with a thread used in securing the joint in position.
Grinding of these round surfaces on such joint members is both time consuming and
costly but has been necessary in the past to provide the required roundness for accommodating
the seal and bearing utilized as well as for providing the required roundness prior
to the spline and thread forming.
[0003] A cooperable pair of movable tools has also been utilized in the past to cold form
noncylindrical workpieces. See, for example, U.S. Patents 419,292, 446,934, 1,446,447,
1,469,174, 3,044,332, 3,466,918, 3,498,095, and 3,503,237 which disclose such forming.
[0004] Hot forming of an axle having round surfaces of cylindrical shapes with different
diameters is disclosed by U.S. Patent 458,685 wherein a pair of straight tools are
moved rectilinearly on opposite sides of the hot axle to provide the forming operation.
[0005] U.S. Patent 625,575 discloses a pair of straight tools that are moved rectilinearly
to cold form a workpiece having a single cylindrical surface of a round shape.
[0006] Also, U.S. Patent 2,825,251 discloses a pair of tools used to perform forming by
holding one of the tools stationary and moving the other one with the workpiece between
the two tools.
DISCLOSURE OF INVENTION
[0007] An object of the present invention is to provide an improved method and apparatus
for cold sizing a workpiece having a central axis and a plurality of round surfaces
of cylindrical shapes that are coaxial about the central axis and have different diameters.
[0008] In carrying out the above object, the method is performed by mounting the workpiece
for rotation about its central axis between a pair of die assemblies. Each of the
die assemblies utilized includes a plurality of dies having sizing surfaces that extend
parallel to the central axis of the workpiece respectively in alignment with the round
surfaces of the workpiece. Movement of the die assemblies in opposite directions as
each other engages the sizing surfaces of the dies with the round surfaces of the
workpiece as the workpiece rotates about its central axis such that the sizing surfaces
pressure size the round surfaces of the workpiece.
[0009] Pressure sizing of the workpiece can be performed by two different preferred ways
in which the method is practiced. In one preferred practice of the method, the die
assemblies are moved rectilinearly in opposite directions as each other and the dies
thereof are provided with flat sizing surfaces that engage the round surfaces of the
workpiece at diametrically opposite locations. In another preferred practice of the
method, the die assemblies are rotated and the dies thereof have round sizing surfaces
that engage the round surfaces of the workpiece at diametrically opposite locations.
[0010] In performing the method, it is also possible to continue the movement of the die
assemblies in order to engage forming projections on the trailing end of one die of
each die assembly with the aligned round surface of the workpiece to thereby form
projections on this aligned round surface of the workpiece. Such projection forming
can be utilized to provide splines on one of the round surfaces and can also be utilized
to subsequently provide a helical thread on another round surface of the workpiece.
[0011] In the preferred practice-of the method disclosed, splines are formed on one of the
round surfaces of the workpiece and a helical thread is formed on another round surface
during successive operations after the initial sizing. It should be noted that only
one round surface of the workpiece can be formed with projections at any given time
due to the fact that the round surfaces have different speeds of circumferential movement
for any given rate of workpiece rotation and the die assemblies can each only have
a single speed at any given time due to their meshed relationship with the workpiece
at the projections being formed. To perform sizing and subsequent projection forming
of certain types of workpieces, a particular machine with which the apparatus is utilized
may not have sufficient die length to permit the complete operation to be performed
during a single movement of the die assemblies in opposite directions as each other.
In such cases, the workpiece can be axially shifted to engage one of the round surfaces
with forming projections on one die of each die assembly as the direction of movement
is reversed.
[0012] It should be noted that during the initial sizing operation, sliding takes place
between at least one of the round surfaces of the workpiece and the associated dies
due to the difference in speeds thereof with the die assemblies moving only at a single
speed. This is possible due to the fact that the sizing performed by the die assemblies
initially only forms cylindrical shapes that do not present any interlocking relationship
with the sizing surfaces of the dies of the die assembly. However, during subsequent
forming of workpiece projections, the meshed relationship of the die projections and
the workpiece projections being formed prevents forming of projections on more than
one round surface of the workpiece at any given time as previously mentioned.
[0013] The object of the invention is also carried out by the apparatus that is utilized
to cold size the workpiece. This apparatus includes a support for rotatably mounting
the workpiece about its central axis and also includes a pair of die assemblies mounted
for movement with the workpiece between the die assemblies. Each die assembly of the
apparatus includes a plurality of dies respectively aligned with the round workpiece
surfaces of different diameters. Each die has a sizing surface that extends parallel
to the workpiece axis and engages the aligned round surface of the workpiece upon
movement of the die assemblies as the workpiece rotates about its central axis such
that the sizing surfaces pressure size the round surfaces of the workpiece.
[0014] In one preferred embodiment disclosed, the pair of die assemblies have elongated
shapes and have dies with flat sizing surfaces. These elongated die assemblies are
mounted for rectilinear movement in a parallel relationship to each other to perform
the pressure sizing of the round surfaces of the workpiece by engagement therewith
at diametrically opposite locations. A machine including lower and upper bases that
define a work space therebetween is preferably utilized to mount the elongated die
assemblies for their rectilinear movement in a parallel relationship to each other.
Suitable slideways provided on the upper and lower.bases of the machine respectively
mount the pair of elongated die assemblies for such rectilinear movement in the parallel
relationship.
[0015] Another preferred embodiment of the apparatus includes a pair of rotary die assemblies
having dies with round sizing surfaces. These rotary die assemblies are respectively
mounted by a pair of spindles for rotary movement to perform the pressure sizing of
the round surfaces of the workpiece at diametrically opposite locations. Each spindle
is disclosed as including a clamp mechanism that clamps the rotary dies of the associated
die assembly to perform the pressure sizing upon spindle rotation.
[0016] In both preferred embodiments of the apparatus, one of the dies of each die assembly
includes a trailing end having projections for forming projections in the aligned
round surface of the workpiece. Such projections can be provided on the trailing ends
of different dies of each die assembly but at different locations along the length
thereof in order to permit successive forming of the projections on different round
surfaces of the workpiece such as the spline and thread froming previously discussed.
[0017] It should be mentioned that only a relatively small reduction takes place in the
diameters of the round surfaces of the workpiece as the pressure sizing is performed.
Such diameter reduction is always less than twenty thousandths of an inch and preferably
less than ten thousandths of an inch. In the most preferred practice of the invention,
the diameter reduction during the pressure sizing is only on the order of about four
to six thousandths of an inch. This latter range in diameter reduction has been found
to give accurate sizing of the round surfaces even with the relative sliding that
takes place between the dies and certain of the round workpiece surfaces due to the
different rates of speed as previously mentioned.
[0018] Also, it should be noted that the dies of each die assembly are disclosed as being
separable from each other since this is the easiest and hence most economical way
to manufacture the die assembly. However, in certain applications, it may be possible
to utilize a die assembly wherein the dies are all made unitary with each other. Such
unitary die assemblies would be more difficult to manufacture and hence more costly
but, nevertheless, could be used to practice the invention.
[0019] The objects, features, and advantages of the present invention are readily apparent
from the following detailed description of the best modes for carrying out the invention
when taken in connection with the accompanying drawings.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS
[0020]
Figure 1 is a schematic front view of a machine including apparatus constructed in
accordance with the invention to perform the cold sizing method thereof on a round
workpiece;
Figure 2 is a sectional view taken along the direction of line 2-2 in Figure 1 to
illustrate elongated die assemblies which are moved rectilinearily in opposite directions
as each other to perform the cold sizing operation;
Figure 3 is a schematic view of another embodiment of apparatus constructed in accordance
with the invention to perform the cold sizing method by rotary movement of a pair
of rotary die assemblies;
Figure 4 is a sectional view taken along the direction of line 4-4 in Figure 3 to
illustrate the construction of the rotary die assemblies;
Figure 5 is a view illustrating the workpiece after cold sizing thereof has been performed;
and
Figure 6 is a view which illustrates the workpiece after projections in the form of
splines and a thread have been formed on its two smallest round surfaces.
BEST MODES FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
[0021] With reference to Figure 1 of the drawings, a schematically illustrated machine is
generally indicated by reference numeral 10 and includes apparatus 12 constructed
in accordance with the present invention to cold size a round workpiece 14 at room
temperature as is hereinafter more fully described. Machine 10 includes a lower base
16, an upper base 18, and a rear connecting portion 20 that cooperatively define a
work space 22 in which the sizing apparatus 12 is located. Elongated lower and upper
die assemblies 24a and 24b are respectively mounted on the lower and upper bases 16
and 18 by suitable slides 26 (Figure 2) that are movable along slideways 28 of the
bases. These slideways 28 extend in a parallel relationship to each other as shown
in Figure 1 such that operation of a schematically indicated drive mechanism 30 moves
the die assemblies 24a and 24b in a parallel relationship to each other as illustrated
by arrows 32. Drive mechanism 30 may be of any suitable type such as, for example,
the one disclosed by United States Patent 3,793,866.
[0022] As seen in Figure 2, a pair of tool boxes 34 are respectively mounted on the pair
of slides 26 above and below the workpiece 14. Each tool box 34 includes horizontal
and vertical legs 36 and 38 for providing vertical and lateral support to dies of
the die assemblies 24a and 24b as is hereinafter more fully described.
[0023] As illustrated in Figure 2, the round workpiece 14 is shown as the female member
of a universal joint of the type used in vehicle drives. This universal joint member
14 has a central axis A and includes a cup shaped end 40 whose interior has grooves
42 for receiving balls that provide a coupling -thereof to a male joint member which
is not shown. A shaft 44 of joint member 14 projects toward the left from its cup-shaped
end 40 and includes round surfaces 46, 48, 50, and 52. These round surfaces have cylindrical
shapes that are coaxial about the central axis A of the joint member 14 and have different
diameters than each other. The largest diameter round suface 46 immediately adjacent
the cup shaped end 40 of the joint member 14 is used to mount a seal that is used
with the joint, while the next smaller round surface 48 receives a bearing that is
utilized to mount the joint member during use. As is hereinafter more fully described,
the round surface 50 which is just slightly smaller than the round surface 48 is ultimately
provided with splines to couple the joint during use. The smallest round surface 52
is ultimately provided with a helical thread for receiving a suitable nut that secures
the joint member in position during use.
[0024] As illustrated in Figure 2, apparatus 12 includes a workpiece support having a headstock
center 54 and a tailstock center 55 that rotatably mount the workpiece 14 about its
central axis A. Headstock center 54 is mounted in a suitable manner on the connecting
portion 20 of the machine 10 illustrated in Figure 1, while the tailstock center 55
is mounted in a suitable manner on an unshown arm that projects forwardly from either
the lower base 16 or the upper base 18 of the machine.
[0025] As illustrated in Figure 2, each of the pair of die assemblies 24a and 24b includes
a plurality of dies 56, 58, 60, and 62 mounted on the associated tool box 34 for movement
with the slide 26 on which the tool box is mounted. Unshown end clamps and/or unshown
bolts secure the dies to the horizontal leg 36 of the tool box 34 and cooperate with
bolts 64 that secure the dies to the vertical leg 38 of the associated tool box. Dies
56, 58, 60, and 62 have associated sizing surfaces 66, 68, 70, and 72 of a flat shape
that extend parallel to each other and to the central axis A of the rotatably mounted
workpiece 14 respectively in alignment with its round surfaces 46, 48, 50, and 42.
Operation of the drive mechanism 30 moves the die assemblies 24a and 24b in opposite
directions as each other as illustrated by arrows 32 to engage the sizing surfaces
66, 68, 70 and 72 at diametrically opposite locations with the round surfaces 46,
48, 50 and 52 of the workpiece 14 as the workpiece rotates about its central axis
A. The spacing between the sizing surfaces on the lower and upper die assemblies 24a
and 24b is such that the round workpiece surfaces 46, 48, 50, and 52 are pressure
sized during the die assembly movement to provide accuracy in the roundness thereof
as well as removal of surface defects.
[0026] It should be noted that during the sizing operation described above, only one of
the workpiece surfaces and the aligned die engage each other in a rolling manner,
while the other workpiece surfaces are engaged by their aligned dies in a combined
rolling and sliding manner. Such sliding along with the rolling accommodates for the
difference in speed of the different diameter surfaces and the fact that the die assemblies
can only move at a single speed. The particular workpiece surface at which just rolling
takes place depends upon the extent of friction. generated at the surfaces and the
balancing of the resultant torques applied to workpiece 14.
[0027] After the initial sizing, the universal joint member 14 has the construction illustrated
in Figure 5 where its round surfaces 46, 48, 50 and 52 are slightly smaller than the
initial size. The reduction in size of the diameters of the round surfaces is very
small as it is always less than twenty thousandths of an inch. Preferably, the reduction
in the diameters of the round surfaces is less than ten thousandths of an inch and,
most preferably, in the range of about four to six thousandths of an inch.
[0028] As illustrated in Figure 1, one of the dies 60 of each die assembly includes a trailing
end 74 having projections 76 for forming projections in the aligned round surface
50 of the workpiece 14. Similarly, one of the dies 62 of each die assembly includes
a trailing end 78 having projections 80 for forming projections in the aligned round
surface 52 of the workpiece. As illustrated in Figure 6, the universal joint member
14 has its round surface 50 provided with projections in the form of splines 82 while
the round surface 52 has its projections provided in the form of a helical thread
84. It should be noted that the projections can only be formed on a single round surface
of the workpiece at any given time due to the difference in speeds of the different
surfaces as previously discussed. Also, with certain machines, there may not be a
sufficient stroke length of the die assemblies to provide the sizing and subsequent
splining and threading operations. In such case, one or both of the projection forming
operations can be performed during a reverse stroking of the die assemblies after
first axially shifting the workpiece into alignment with dies having suitable projections
for providing the required forming operations after the initial sizing.
[0029] After the complete operation, the drive mechanism 30 drives the die assemblies 24a
and 24b out of engagement with the completed workpiece 14. This can be done by continuing
the movement in the direction of arrows 32 in Figure 1 or, if no projections are formed,
by reversing the direction for return stroking movement back to an end to end relationship
of the die assemblies. Upon disengagement of the dies from the workpiece surfaces,
the workpiece is removed from between the die assemblies for use or any further processing
that may be necessary. If the workpiece removal is performed without any reversal,
a return stroking movement must be performed prior to the next cycle.
[0030] With reference to Figures 3 and 4, another preferred embodiment of apparatus constructed
in accordance with the invention to provice cold sizing of a round workpiece at room
temperature is indicated generally by reference numeral 12' and includes a pair of
rotary die assemblies 24a' and 24b' spaced on opposite sides of the workpiece 14.
A pair of spindles 85 respectively support the pair of die assemblies 24a' and 24b'
for rotation about associated axes B spaced on opposite sides of the workpiece axis
A along which the workpiece 14 is rotatably mounted by the support provided by a headstock
center 54 and tailstock center 55.
[0031] Each of the rotary die assemblies 24a' and 24b' includes a plurality of rotary dies
86, 88, 90, and 92 respectively aligned with the round surfaces 46, 48, 50, and 52
of the workpiece 14. These rotary dies each have an annular shape through whose center
a shaft 94 of the associated spindle 85 extends along the axes B about which the rotary
die assemblies are rotatively driven in any suitable manner. Rotary dies 86, 88, 90,
and 92 have round sizing surfaces 96, 98, 100, and 102 that extend parallel to the
central axis A of the workpiece 14 and engage the aligned round surfaces 46, 48, 50,
and 52 of the workpiece upon rotary movement of the die assemblies 24a' and 24b' in
the clockwise direction as illustrated by arrows 1
04 in Figure 3. Suitable notches 106 are provided in the dies to permit the axial positioning
of the workpiece 14 therebetween in preparation for the sizing operation performed
by the apparatus 12'.
[0032] A suitable drive mechanism, such as of the general type disclosed by U.S. Patent
4,045,988, drives the rotary spindles 24a' and 24b' of apparatus 12' to engage the
round sizing surfaces 96, 98, 100, and 102 of the rotary dies with the aligned round
surfaces 46, 48, 50, and 52 of the workpiece 14 as the workpiece rotates about its
central axis A. Such engagement of the dies with the workpiece pressure sizes the
round surfaces of the workpiece to provide accuracy in the roundness thereof as well
as removing surface defects.
[0033] Sizing performed by the rotary sizing apparatus 12' of Figures 3 and 4 like the linear
embodiment previously described only reduces the diameter of the round workpiece surfaces
a very small extent which is always less than twenty thousandths of an inch. This
diameter reduction with the rotary embodiment like the linear embodiment is preferably
less than ten thousandths of an inch and, most preferably, in the range of four to
six thousandths of an inch.
[0034] With reference to Figure 4, each of the die spindles 85 includes a flange 106 that
engages the adjacent rotary die 92. A threaded portion 108 of each spindle 85 receives
a nut 110 that engages the adjacent rotary die 86 to cooperate with the flange 106
in providing a clamp mechanism for clamping the rotary dies in a stacked relationship.
[0035] One of the rotary dies 90 of each rotary die assembly 24a' and 24b' includes a trailing
end 112 provided with projections 114 for forming projections on the aligned round
surface 50 of the workpiece 14. Like the embodiment of Figures 1 and 2, the projections
formed on the round surface 50 are splines 82 as illustrated in Figure 6 when the
workpiece is a universal joint member 14 of the type previously described. Likewise,
one die 92 of each rotary die assembly has a trailing end 116 including projections
118 for forming projections on the round surface 52 of the workpiece 14. These projections
118 are in the form of the helical thread 84 illustrated in Figure 6 when the workpiece
is a universal joint member 14 as previously discussed.
[0036] With the rotary embodiment 12' of the sizing apparatus, no return stroke in a reverse
direction is necessary as with the linear embodiment of Figures 1 and 2. A reduced
cycle time can thereby be achieved with the rotary sizing apparatus. Also, the rotary
apparatus 12' like the linear apparatus only reduces the diameters of the workpiece
surfaces a very small extend as previously described.
[0037] It should be appreciated that the invention can be carried out in its broadest practice
by sizing of a workpiece having a plurality of round surfaces of different diameters
without any subsequent projection forming. However, the apparatus and method disclosed
have particular utility when constructed and utilized to perform subsequent projection
forming such as the splines and/or thread previously discussed. Separate operations
previously required can be eliminated by this single processing of the workpiece to
thereby reduce its cost.
[0038] It should be appreciated that both embodiments 12 and 12' of the die assemblies can
also be constructed with the dies thereof unitary with each. other rather than separable
as shown. However, it is much easier and hence economical to manufacture the dies
separate from each other which is the reason that such a construction is illustrated.
[0039] While the best modes for practicing the invention have been described in detail,
those familiar with the art to which this invention relates will recognize various
alternative ways of practicing the invention as defined by the following claims.
1. A method for cold sizing a workpiece having a central axis and a plurality of round
surfaces of cylindrical shapes that are coaxial about the central axis and have different
diameters, the method comprising: mounting the workpiece for rotation about the central
axis between a pair of_die assemblies each of which includes a plurality of dies having
sizing surfaces that extend parallel to the central axis of the workpiece respectively
in alignment with the round surfaces of the workpiece; and moving the die assemblies
in opposite directions as each other to engage the sizing surfaces of the dies with
the round surfaces of the workpiece as the workpiece rotates about the central axis
thereof-such that the sizing surfaces pressure size the round surfaces of the workpiece.
2. A method as in Claim 1 wherein the die assemblies are moved rectilinearly in opposite
directions as each other and have the dies thereof provided with flat sizing surfaces.
3. A method as in Claim 1 wherein the die assemblies are rotated and have the dies
thereof provided with round sizing surfaces.
4. A method as in Claim 1 wherein the movement of the die assemblies is continued
to engage forming projections on the trailing end of one die of each die assembly
with the aligned round surface of the workpiece to thereby form projections on said
aligned round surface of the workpiece.
5. A method for cold sizing a workpiece having a central axis and a plurality of round
surfaces of cylindrical shapes that are coaxial about the central axis and have different
diameters, the method comprising: mounting the workpiece for rotation about the central
axis between a pair of die assemblies each of which includes a plurality of dies having
flat sizing surfaces that extend parallel to the central axis and to each other in
respctive alignment with the round surfaces of the workpiece; moving the die assemblies
rectilinearly in a parallel relationship to each other in opposite directions to engage
the sizing surfaces of the dies with the round surfaces of the workpiece at diametrically
opposite locations as the workpiece rotates about the central axis thereof such that
the sizing surfaces pressure size the round surfaces of the workpiece; and thereafter
continuing the rectilinear movement of the die assemblies in opposite directions to
engage forming projections on a trailing end of one die of each die assembly with
one round surface of the workpiece to form projections on said one round surface of
the workpiece.
6. A method for cold sizing a workpiece having a central axis and a plurality of round
surfaces of cylindrical shapes that are coaxial about the central axis and have different
diameters, the method comprising: mounting the workpiece for rotation about the central
axis between a pair of die assemblies each of which includes a plurality of dies having
round sizing surfaces that extend parallel to the central axis in respective alignment
with the round surfaces of the workpiece; rotating the die assemblies to engage the
sizing surfaces of the dies with the round surfaces of the workpiece at diametrically
opposite locations as the workpiece rotates about the central axis thereof such that
the sizing surfaces pressure size the round surfaces of the workpiece; and thereafter
continuing the rotation of the die assemblies to engage forming projections on a trailing
end of one die of each die assembly with one round surface of the workpiece to form
projections on said one round surface of the workpiece.
7. Apparatus for colding sizing a workpiece having a central axis and a plurality of
round surfaces of cylindrical shapes that are coaxial about the central axis and have
different diameters, the apparatus comprising: a support for rotatably mounting the
workpiece about its central axis; a pair of die assemblies mounted for movement with
the workpiece therebetween; each die assembly including a plurality of dies respectively
aligned with the round surfaces of the workpiece; and each die having a sizing surface
that extends parallel to the workpiece axis and engages the aligned round surface
of the workpiece upon movement of the die assemblies as the workpiece rotates about
its central axis such that the sizing surfaces pressure size the round surfaces of
the workpiece.
8. Apparatus as in Claim 7 wherein the pair of die assemblies have dies with flat
sizing surfaces and are mounted for rectilinear movement in a parallel relationship
to each other to perform the pressure sizing of the round surfaces of the workpiece.
9. Apparatus as in Claim 7 wherein the pair of die assemblies have dies with round
sizing surfaces and are mounted for rotary movement to perform the pressure sizing
of the round surfaces of the workpiece.
10. Apparatus as in Claim 7 wherein one of the dies of each die assembly includes
a trailing end having projections for forming projections in the aligned round surface
of the workpiece.
11. Apparatus for cold sizing a workpiece having a central axis and a plurality of
round surfaces of cylindrical shapes that are coaxial about the central axis and have
different diameters, the apparatus comprising: a support for rotatably mounting the
workpiece about its central axis; a pair of elongated die assemblies mounted for rectilinear
movement in a parallel realtionship to each other on opposite sides of the workpiece;
each die assembly including a plurality of elongated dies respectively aligned with
the round surfaces of the workpiece; each die having a flat sizing surface that extends
parallel to the central axis of the workpiece and engages the aligned round surface
of the workpiece upon rectilinear movement of the die assemblies as the workpiece
rotates about its central axis such that the flat sizing surfaces pressure size the
round surfaces of the workpiece; and one die of each die assembly including a trailing
end having projections for forming, projections in the aligned round surface of the
workpiece.
12. Apparatus for cold sizing a workpiece having a central axis and a plurality of
round surfaces of cylindrical shapes that are coaxial about the central axis and have
different diameters, the apparatus comprising: a support for rotatably mounting the
workpiece about its central axis; a pair of rotary die assemblies mounted for rotation
on opposite sides of the workpiece about associated axes that extend parallel to the
central axis of the workpiece; each die assembly including a plurality of rotary dies
respectively aligned with the round surfaces of the workpiece; each die having a round
sizing surface that extends parallel to the central axis of the workpiece and engages
the aligned round surface of the workpiece upon rotary movement of the die assemblies
as the workpiece rotates about its central axis such that the round sizing surfaces
pressure size the round surfaces of the workpiece; and one die of each die assembly
including a trailing end having projections for forming projections in the aligned
round surface of the workpiece.