[0001] This invention relates to an internal enclosure in or for a building comprising a
structurally autonomous outer shell (as herein defined) comprising side walls, a base
and a roof structure, such internal enclosure being erected within the outer shell
and comprising wall panels extending between a ceiling structure and a floor structure.
Such a building will hereinafter be referred to as "of the kind specified".
[0002] One such building is described in our co-pending application published under No.
G.B. 2,099,033.
[0003] Such an internal enclosure may be erected within a structurally autonomous outer
shell where it is required to provide a controlled environment, for example a sterile
or clean environment. The internal enclosure may be provided with air conditioning
means to provide a constant temperature environment within the internal enclosure.
The enclosure may constitute and be provided with means to maintain an air pressure
therein greater than the ambient atmospheric pressure external to the internal enclosure.
The internal enclosure may be sealed to the extent that there is only a minimal exchange
of air from the inside to the outside of the internal enclosure and vice versa, other
than via the air conditioning means where provided. The ingress or egress of particles
of microscopic size, for example bacteria, into or from the internal enclosure is
thus prevented or substantially prevented. Preferably the enclosure is airtight or
substantially airtight. Any opening, such as a door, must therefore be capable of
being sealed to maintain the required enviroment.
[0004] Thus the outer shell gives general weather protection, and may be insulated as required.
The controlled environment within the internal enclosure generally needs to be free
from building distribution services, such as pipes, wires, ventilation ducts etc.,
which can be provided externally of the controlled environment, for example, in a
space between the outer shell and the ceiling and/or wall panels of the internal enclosure,
and thus can be fully protected from the elements. In this way, the internal enclosure
can be designed with the specific purpose of the controlled environment in mind, rather
than needing to consider the structural integrity of the enclosure in relation to
the outer shell, and its weather proofing.
[0005] By "structurally autonomous outer shell" we mean that the outer shell does not require
any support from the internal enclosure but is entirely self-supporting. However,
where for example, components of the internal enclosure are secured to the outer shell,
the internal enclosure may of course give some additional strength to the outer shell,
although this is not essential to the outer shell.
[0006] An outer shell may be specially constructed for the internal enclosure, although
the outer shell may comprise a suitable existing building.
[0007] It is desirable that the layout of the controlled environment within the internal
enclosure can be easily changed. For example, where the controlled environment comprises
a production unit for production of confectionery of drugs, and it is required to
change the layout to provide a production unit for different confectionary or drugs.
With known buildings of the kind specified, this is not easily accomplished, and an
object of the present invention is to provide a building of the kind specified where
the layout of the controlled environment may be easily changed.
[0008] It is also desirable that the wall panels which make up the internal enclosure and
the components whereby such panels are connected to one another and to the ceiling
of the internal enclosure are such as to minimise obstructions to laminar air flow
and ledges or recesses in which dust may accumulate. It is further desirable that
the manner in which the wall panels are connected to the ceiling is such as to allow
for a degree of relative vertical movement which may arise as a result of variations
in loading on the ceiling and/or the floor structure on which the wall panels are
supported.
[0009] Additionally, the wall panels of the internal enclosure should desirably be capable
of installation, dismounting and re-positioning with a minimum of disturbance to the
floor and ceiling structures and with a minimum of disturbance of the clean conditions
which it is desired to maintain within the enclosure.
[0010] The present invention seeks to provide an internal enclosure which meets some or
all of these objectives and has other advantages as will hereinafter become apparent.
[0011] According to the invention, we provide an internal enclosure in or for a building
of the kind specified having wall panels located at their upper ends relative to a
ceiling structure by means which prevent lateral movement of the panels relative to
the ceiling structure whilst permitting relative movement in the vertical direction
and maintaining an effective seal between the wall panels and the ceiling structure.
[0012] The wall panels may be located at their upper ends relative to downwardly projecting
members afforded by the ceiling structure by means of a locating member which affords
a downwardly directed channel for the reception of the upper end portion of the wall
panels and sealing means interposed between such wall panels and said locating member
to allow for relative vertical movement of the wall panels and the locating member.
[0013] The downwardly projecting member may provide a reservoir for fluid into which portions
of ceiling panels extend so that the fluid provides an air tight seal between ceiling
panels or filter panels.
[0014] The locating member may be of generally H-shape in section so as to afford an upwardly
directed channel adapted to engage over said downwardly projecting members.
[0015] The locating member may comprise a pair of longitudinal elements each including respective
flanges which form the side wall at one side of the upwardly and downwardly directed
channels whereby one element may be secured to the downwardly projecting members,
the wall panels located against said one element, and then retained in position by
assembly of the other element with said one element.
[0016] The one element of the locating member may be secured to said downwardly projecting
members adhesively, preferably by the use of a strip of compressible material having
adhesive on opposed faces thereof.
[0017] The upper end portion of the wall panels may be formed or provided with a top member
which includes outwardly directed lips arranged in sliding engagement with the sides
of the downwardly directed channel of the locating member.
[0018] The sealing means may comprise a flexible element interposed between the locating
member and the upper end portion of the wall panel, preferably between a transverse
part of the locating member and the top member of the wall panel.
[0019] The flexible element may comprise a hollow or tubular strip inserted in a state of
compression, preferably a strip of material which is adhesively secured to the locating
member and to the wall panel and is of sinuous configuration.
[0020] The wall panels may be arranged mutually transversely and interconnected at corners
by means of posts which are carried by adjoining wall panels and are not connected
to the ceiling structure.
[0021] The wall panels may each have a peripheral frame comprising a top member including
outwardly directed lips to engage slidably within the channel section locating member,
a bottom member including a locating recess to receive an upwardly projecting member,
and upright members including releasable hooks and abutments whereby adjoining wall
panels may be joined together.
[0022] The frame members are preferably adapted for connection to a floor and the ceiling
structures of the inner enclosure without the use of fastening elements of the kind
required to penetrate any part of such members.
[0023] The wall panels may be located at their lower ends relative to upwardly projecting
members provided on a floor structure by means of a locating recess formed or provided
at the lower edge of the wall panels to receive said upwardly projecting member.
[0024] The upwardly projecting member may comprise a vertical web of an inverted T-section
locating member secured to the floor structure.
[0025] Trim strips may be secured between the outer faces of the wall panels and the floor
structure.
[0026] These and other features of the invention will now be described by way of example,
with reference to the accompanying drawings, wherein:-
FIGURE 1 is a diagramatic cross-section through a building of the kind specified having
erected therein an internal enclosure embodying the invention,
FIGURE 2 is a transverse section through the lower end of a wall panel of the enclosure
of Figure 1showing the manner in which the panel is located relative to a floor structure;
FIGURE 3 is a transverse section through the upper end of a wall panel of the enclosure
of Figure 1 showing the manner in which the panel is located relative to a ceiling
structure but with the ceiling panels omitted for clarity;
FIGURE 4 is a side view, partially in section, at a corner formed by the junction
of two wall panels of the enclosure of Figure 1 at right angles again with the ceiling
panels omitted;
FIGURE 5 is a plan view corresponding to Figure 4;
FIGURE 6 is a transverse section on the line VI-VI of Figure 4 showing a corner post
carried by the adjoining wall panels;
FIGURE 7 is a view similar to Figure 4 showing a T-junction between two aligned wall
panels and a further wall panel at right angles thereto;
FIGURE 8 is a plan view corresponding to Figure 7;
FIGURE 9 is a side view of a joint between two locating members at a joint between
two adjacent wall panels arranged in alignment with one another, again with the ceiling
panels omitted;
FIGURE 10 is a plan view corresponding to Figure 9;
FIGURE 11 is a section through a locking mechanism for holding adjacent wall panels
together in alignment; and
FIGURE 12 is a side view corresponding to Figure 11.
[0027] In the accompanying drawings, a building comprises a structurally autonomous outer
shell 5 comprising side walls 6 a base 7 and a roof structure 8 having erected in
the shell 5 an internal enclosure 9. The outer shell 5 of the building is of any conventional
construction.
[0028] The base 7 affords a floor structure 10 which may also be of any conventional construction
and in particular may be either solid or hollow, or either at ground level or raised
above the ground.
[0029] The invention has been developed particularly for use in conjunction with a known
ceiling structure 12 which extends at least partially across the outer shell 5 of
the building and is supported entirely independently of the wall structure of the
internal enclosure 9 hereinafter described, for example by being supported entirely
by the outer shell 5, or in some other independent manner.
[0030] More particularly, the ceiling structure 12 is of a modular kind which includes rectangular
ceiling panels 1 have downwardly depending edge flanges 2 which are immersed in a
suitable fluid contained in reservoirs provided by an intersecting grid of channel
section members 14 which project downwardly from the underside of the ceiling structure.
The members 14 are suspended from the roof structure 8 by means of hangers 4 depending
downward from the roof structure 8 and connected to the channel section members 14
by bosses 4
a at the intersections of the grid (see Figures 4, 7, and 9).
[0031] Preferably the fluid has non Newtonian flow characteristics so that the fluid may
act, for example, like a gell so that the seal will not break as a result, for example,
of short duration impacts. Such a ceiling structure ensures that the joints between
ceiling pads 1 is air tight however, it will be appreciated that the invention as
hereinafter described may also be applied to other types of ceiling structure by securing
thereto channel section members similar to the members 14 which form part of the illustrated
ceiling structure 12.
[0032] In accordance with the invention, the internal enclosure 9 is constructed within
the outer shell 5 by means of wall panels 20 which extend between the floor structure
10 and the ceiling structure 12 and are located relative to such structures in such
a manner that they can readily be installed, removed and re-positioned without substantial
disturbance to such structures.
[0033] The wall panels 20 preferably comprise panels of a known kind which include a peripheral
frame comprising top, bottom and side frame members 21, 22 and 23 respectively which
may be made of a suitable plastics material, or of metal sections, or in some cases
of wood or the like. Outer skins 24 are secured, preferably adhesively, on both sides
of the frame, such skins preferably comprising sheets of metal with a suitable facing
of a plastics material, although alternatively they may be made wholly of either metal
or plastics materials. The interior of the panel 20 is filled with a rigid polymeric
foam 25. It will be understood that, where necessary, such panels may be modified
to incorporate suitable windows and doors.
[0034] Such panels are located relative to the floor structure 10 by means of a locating
member 30 which comprises an inverted T-shape section including a horizontal base
31 which is preferably secured to the floor structure 10 by means of adhesive, although
fastening elements such as screws could be employed in some cases. The member 30 includes
a central, upstanding web 32 which enters a corresponding groove 29 formed at the
underside of the bottom frame member 22.
[0035] The arrangement is such that even without any special sealing means, the joint between
the wall panel 20 and the floor structure 10 is substantially air-tight because the
whole weight of the panel is transmitted onto the end face of the web 32. However,
a mastic seal 32
a may be added in the groove if required. Additionally, trim strips 35 are provided
to extend between the outer faces of the wall panel 20 and the floor structure 10
as shown in Figure 1. Such trim strips may be secured in position adhesively, or where
the skins 24 of the wall panel 20 and the upper surface of the floor structure 10
include a coating of a suitable plastics material, the trim strips may be secured
together by a solvent welding technique.
[0036] At its upper edge, the panel 20 is located relative to a corresponding channel section
member 14 by means of a locating member 40 which comprises a hollow central section,
an upwardly directed channel adapted to engage around the member 14 and a downwardly
directed channel adapted to receive the upper end portion of the panel 20.
[0037] The member 40 is formed from two identical elements 41, each of which comprises a
central web 42 with two spaced horizontal flanges 43 and 44 projecting to one side
thereof and upper and lower flanges 45 and 46 which extend in alignment with the central
web and form the side walls of the channels.
[0038] Between the horizontal flanges 43 and 44, the web 42 also affords a pair of closely
spaced flanges 47 whereby the two elements 41 may be secured together by means of
screws 48, one of the elements 41 having suitable countersunk holes formed therein
at appropriate spacings to receive the heads of the screws.
[0039] In use, one of the elements 41 is firstly secured to the member 14, preferably using
a compressible material 49 coated with adhesive on opposite faces. The upper end of
the panel 20 is then located against the lower flange 46, and the other element 41
is then placed in position and secured by means of adhesive material to the member
14 and by means of the screws 48 to the first element 41 so that the upper end of
the panel 20 is then held in position.
[0040] As can be seen from Figure 2, the upper end of the wall panel 20 is provided with
a top member 50 comprising a horizontal web 51 and a pair of downwardly directed flanges
52 which in combination embrace the upper edge of the panel 20. The web 51 is formed
with lateral lips 53 which are so dimensioned as to engage slidably with the inner
faces of the flanges 46. The edges of the lips 53 are radiussed so as to minimise
abrasion as they slide over the flanges 46.
[0041] The height of the wall panel 20, relative to the spacing between the floor structure
10 and ceiling structure 12, is such that there is a substantial spacing between the
top member 50 and the inner face of the downwardly presented channel as defined by
flanges 44 so that downward movement of the ceiling structure 12, or upward movement
of the floor structure 10, can be accommodated. Movement of the structures in the
opposite directions can also be accommodated by virtue of the length of the flanges
46. This arrangement also minimises the transmission of vibrations between the floor
and ceiling structures through the wall panels. In addition variations in the levels
of the ceiling and floor can be accommodated.
[0042] Normally it is envisaged that a sealing element will be provided between the locating
member 40 and the top member 50 so as to form a positive seal which prevents flow
of air across the top of the wall panel, although the relatively close fit between
the lips 53 and the flanges 46 may afford sufficient obstruction to air flow for some
purposes. Where provided, such seal may comprise a tubular member of flexible material
having a natural diameter which is greater than the nominal spacing between the web
51 and flanges 44 so that it is compressed and forms a firm seal. However, preferably,
where such a seal is required it is formed by a strip 55 of flexible material which
is secured, for example adhesively, at one side to the flanges 44 and at the other
side to the web 51. Conveniently, such a seal may be preformed to a Z-shape in section
as illustrated. If desired a further seal 55
a such as a compressible foam tape may be pressed between the top of the panel and
the top of the member 50.
[0043] It will be seen that the wall panel can be installed in position with a minimum of
disturbance to the floor and ceiling structures, and moreover can be de-mounted and
re-positioned very easily, again with a minimum of disturbance to the floor and ceiling
structures, and with minimum disruption of the clean conditions which may be established
within the inner enclosure when in use.
[0044] As mentioned previously, the locating members 40 serve to locate the upper edges
of the wall panels 20 relative to, i.e. in alignment with, the downwardly projecting
channel section members 14 which form part of a known, modular ceiling structure 12,
and accordingly the dimensions of the internal enclosure, and of any rooms or sub-divisions
provided therein, would normally correspond to multiples of the spacing between adjacent
channel section members 14 which may typically be on a nominal 1.2m x 0.6m grid, so
that the wall panels may conveniently be made in corresponding widths. However, if
in any specific construction it was essential to provide a wall panel at a position
intermediate the channel section members 14, it would be possible to achieve this
by securing a member of similar profile to the channel section members 14 to the underside
of the ceiling at the required position.
[0045] Referring now to Figures 3 to 5 of the accompanying drawings, at the corner of the
enclosure, the mutually transverse locating members 40 and 40
a associated with adjoining wall panels may be mitred and secured together at right
angles by means of a connection piece 60 located within the central hollow section
of the members 41. The connection piece may include one arm formed by two channel
section members 61 secured together back-to-back and a further arm formed by an two
channel section member 62, the two arms being connected by means of an angle bracket
63.
[0046] The upper flanges 45 of each locating member 41, 41
a are cut away adjacent to the mitred ends to provide clearance for the cruciform intersection
of the ceiling members 14 and any gap between the cut-away ends of the flanges 45
and the members 14 may be sealed with an appropriate compound.
[0047] The junction between the panels themselves, as shown in Figure 5, is effected through
a corner post 65 which is secured to the side member 23 of the panel 20 by means of
suitable screws. Between the post 65 and each adjacent wall panel 20, a strip 66 of
compressible sealing material may be interposed and faced at the edges by a suitable
sealing compound 67. The corner post 65 serves only to secure the adjoining panels
together and is not secured to the floor or ceiling structures.
[0048] The sealing strips 55 (shown in Figure 4) are preferably connected at their ends
to a corner sealing member (not shown) of similar sectional shape which is pre-formed
to extend around the corner at the junction of the two adjacent panels.
[0049] Figures 7 and 8 show a generally similar joint construction which is utilised at
the junction of three wall panels. In this case, the respective locating members 40,
40
a and 40
b are joined by a T-shaped connection piece 70 having one arm formed by two channel
section members 71 and 72 arranged back-to-back, and a transverse arm formed by a
further, similar, channel section member 73 connected by means of an angle bracket
74. The transverse arm may include spacers 75 also of channel section secured at opposite
ends. A correspondingly T-shaped sealing member may be provided.
[0050] Where two wall panels require to be joined in alignment, as shown in Figures 9 and
10, the adjoining ends of the locating members 40 and 40
b may be notched to accommodate the transversely extending ceiling member 14 at the
joint and the two aligned locating members may be joined by means of a straight connecting
piece 80 comprising two channel section members 81, 82 joined back-to-back.
[0051] For the purpose of joining the aligned wall panels together, the edge members 23
thereof may be provided with suitable fastening devices and one suitable arrangement
is illustrated in Figures 11 and 12. At one edge, each panel carries one or more coupling
hooks 16, whilst at the opposite edge a correspondingly transversely extending pin
assembly 17 is provided. The arrangement is of a known kind in which, by means of
an appropriate key, the hook 16 can be rotated to engage over the pin, the profile
of the hook being such as to draw the two panels together when the hook engages the
pin. As can be seen, the hook 16 projects through a slot formed in the side member
23 of the panel and in mounted internally of the panel structure so that the integrity
of the outer surface of the panel is maintained.
[0052] The features disclosed in the foregoing description, or the accompanying drawing,
expressed in their specific forms or in terms of a means for performing the disclosed
function, or a method or process for attaining the disclosed result, may, separately
or in any combination of such features, be utilised for realising the invention in
diverse forms thereof.
1. An internal enclosure in or for a building of the kind specified having wall panels
located at their upper ends relative to a ceiling structure by means which prevent
lateral movement of the panels relative to the ceiling structure whilst permitting
relative movement in the vertical direction and maintaining an effective seal between
the wall panels and the ceiling structure.
2. An enclosure according to Claim 1 wherein the wall panels are located at their
upper ends relative to downwardly projecting members afforded by the ceiling structure
by means of a locating member which affords a downwardly directed channel for the
reception of the upper end portion of the wall panels and sealing means interposed
between such wall panels and said locating member to allow for relative vertical movement
of the wall panels and the locating member.
3. An enclosure according to Claim 2 wherein the downwardly projecting member may
provide a reservoir for fluid into which portions of ceiling panels extend so that
the fluid provides an air tight seal between ceiling panels.
4. An enclosure according to Claim 2 or Claim 3 wherein the locating member is of
generally H-shape in section so as to afford an upwardly directed channel adapted
to engage over said downwardly projecting members.
5. An enclosure according to any one of Claims 2 to 4 wherein the locating member
comprises a pair of longitudinal elements each including respective flanges which
form the side wall at one side of the upwardly and downwardly directed channels whereby
one element may be secured to the downwardly projecting members, the wall panels located
against said one element, and then retained in position by assembly of the other element
with said one element.
6. An enclosure according to Claim 5 wherein the one element of the locating member
is secured to said downwardly projecting members adhesively.
7. An enclosure according to Claim 5 or Claim 6 wherein the upper end portion of the
wall panels are formed or provided with a top member which includes outwardly directed
lips arranged in sliding engagement with the sides of the downwardly directed channel
of the locating member.
8. An enclosure according to any one of Claims 2 to 7 wherein the sealing means comprises
a flexible element interposed between the locating member and the upper end portion
of the wall panel.
9. An enclosure according to Claim 8 wherein the flexible element comprises a hollow
or tubular strip inserted in a state of compression.
10. An enclosure according to Claim 8 wherein the flexible element comprises a strip
of material which is adhesively secured to the locating member and to the wall panel
and is of sinuous configuration.
11. An enclosure according to any one of the preceding Claims wherein the wall panels
are arranged mutually transversely and interconnected at corners by means of posts
which are carried by adjoining wall panels and are not connected to the ceiling structure.
12. An enclosure according to any one of Claims 2 to 10 or Claim 11 when dependent
on any one of Claims 2 to 10 wherein the wall panels may each have a peripheral frame
comprising a top member including outwardly directed lips to engage slidably within
the channel section locating member, a bottom member including a locating recess to
receive an upwardly projecting member, and upright members including releasable hooks
and abutments whereby adjoining wall panels may be joined together.
13. An enclosure according to Claim 12 wherein the frame members are adapted for connection
to a floor and the ceiling structures of the inner enclosure without the use of fastening
elements of the kind required to penetrate any part of such members.
14. An enclosure according to any one of the preceding Claims wherein the wall panels
are located at their lower ends relative to upwardly projecting members provided on
a floor structure by means of a locating recess formed or provided at the lower edge
of the wall panels to receive said upwardly projecting member.
15. An enclosure according to Claim 14 wherein the upwardly projecting member comprises
a vertical web of an inverted T-section locating member secured to the floor structure.
16. An enclosure according to any one of Claims 13 to 15 wherein trim strips are secured
between the outer faces of the wall panels and the floor structure.