[0001] The invention relates to means for locating a wheelchair, primarily in a moving vehicle,
for example a road vehicle, although it might be applicable to other situations.
[0002] Many wheelchairs have a brake which can be applied by the occupant, and can be arranged
to remain applied without calling for further attention from the occupant. Whilst
this prevents most movements of the wheelchair it could tilt or slide with respect
to the floor, or the brake could be inadvertently released. It may therefore be desirable
to restrain the wheelchair more positively against unexpected movement, especially
in a moving vehicle, such as a road vehicle, ship or aircraft.
[0003] When a person in a wheelchair is to use a taxi it is usual to transfer that person
from the wheelchair to a conventional fixed seat and then fold the chair and stow
it separately. This is often inconvenient, indeed very difficult in the case of a
severely handicapped person, and there remains the problem of where to stow the empty
wheelchair.
[0004] It is therefore advantageous, particularly in vehicles, to have a positive locating
arrangement which can accommodate wheelchairs of many different specifications, with
the occupant remaining in his wheelchair.
[0005] All the same there will be occasions when the space in the vehicle is required by
an able-bodied passenger and so the locating means should not prevent normal use of
the space that a wheelchair would occupy.
[0006] Accordingly it is the aim of the present invention to provide locating means for
wheelchairs of differing designs which prevents sudden movement of the chair relative
to its supporting surface and which do not obtrude and inconvenience able-bodied people
in the vicinity, and which may be used by the occupant of the wheelchair without undue
external assistance.
[0007] According to the invention a wheelchair locating system comprises restraining means,
capable of holding the wheelchair against a restraining surface, in the form of one
or more extendible flexible members with attachment devices, by which a wheelchair
may be releasably secured to the flexible member or members, and an independently
controlled locking device which in one state allows the member or members to be manually
extended against the action of resilient retracting means and in its other state locks
the member or members against extension; when the system is in the one state the restraining
means are free to be secured easily by the user to any convenient portion of the wheelchair,
then when the restraining means are retracted and pull the chair against the restraining
surface the locking device is engaged and prevents any further extension of the flexible
members or members, thereby holding the chair in place.
[0008] Preferably tilt-restraining surfaces are provided on each side of the position in
which the wheelchair is to be is to be restrained, to prevent the wheelchair sliding
sideways.
[0009] In a preferred embodiment the restraining means and flexible members comprise a retractable
inertia reel belt system modified by the addition of a device for locking the reel
at will.
[0010] The wheelchair locking system may be such that when in position the wheelchair is
partially received within a recess. Preferably the recess is within a substantially
vertical structure, and the tilt restraining surfaces may define, at least in part,
the recess.
[0011] It is preferable to incorporate warning means to indicate whether the system is in
the free or locked condition.
[0012] An advantage of the preferred embodiment is that the wheelchair can be attached to
the locking system entirely by the occupant whilst he is in the wheelchair, and the
use of flexible members of webbing like seat belts allows the use of the system with
virtually any design of wheelchair.
[0013] An embodiment of the invention will now be described, by way of example only, with
reference to the accompanying drawings in which:
Figure 1 shows a schematic perspective view of part of a taxi which incorporates an
embodiment of the invention;
Figure 2 is a schematic plan view of part of the interior of the vehicle of Figure
1; and
Figure 3 is a schematic side view of part of the inside of the vehicle of Figure 1,
showing a wheelchair in place.
[0014] A taxi, basically similar to a conventional London taxi, has the usual partition
1 behind the driver but instead of extending straight across it is joggled so that
the portion 2 that is not behind the driver is displaced forwards of the remainder;
this reduces to some extent the space available for luggage alongside the driver but
it allows sufficient floor space in the rear compartment, at least on one side, to
accommodate a wheelchair in its erected condition , complete with occupant, between
the partition 1 and the rear seat 3, in the recess thus defined.
[0015] The wheelchair will normally be placed with its back to the partition 1 as shown,
although it could in theory face either way. To locate it in place during travel we
provide a restraining system comprising a reel 4 mounted at the foot of the partition
1, with a belt 5 of flexible webbing projecting through a slot 6 in the partition
1 into the passenger compartment. The belt 5 splits into two portions 7, each terminating
in a readily releasable clip 8 capable of being easily clipped by hand onto any convenient
part of the structure of a wheelchair. The clips 8 may for example be like the spring
shackles used in sailing or the spring Karabiner links used by climbers.
[0016] The reel 4 is similar to a conventional inertia reel used for vehicle seat belt restraints,
and has the usual recoil spring that is trying to wind the belt up onto the reel,
but is modified by the addition of a solenoid-released pawl engaging a ratchet on
the reel. When the solenoid is not energised the pawl engages the ratchet and prevents
the belt from being extended. When the occupant of a wheelchair is to enter the taxi
the driver energises the solenoid by means of a switch 9 on the dashboard, freeing
the belt. The occupant of the wheelchair (or another person) can pull the belt out
as far as necessary and then manually engage the clips 8 over two suitable laterally
spaced parts of the chair. The recoil spring takes up the slack in the belt and pulls
the wheelchair against the partition 1. The driver then de-energises the solenoid
again and the belt is locked against further extension, so that the wheelchair is
securely located.
[0017] There is a warning light 10 on the dashboard to remind the driver when the switch
9 is on, ie. when the belt 5,7 is unlocked.
[0018] At least the left-hand door of the taxi is wide enough to accommodate all the normal
kinds of wheelchair. The wheelchair may be wheeled up a removable ramp, and the occupant
can clip the belt 5,7 onto it while still facing across the taxi if he finds that
easier, then he turns it to face the rear and the driver engages the pawl to hold
the chair snugly in the recess and against the partition. On reaching the destination
the driver closes the switch again to release the belt and allow the occupant to move
it away from the partition 1 and disengage the clips.
[0019] It will be appreciated that the belt 5 can be left fully retracted in normal use
of the taxi, only the ends 7 protruding, so it does not interfere with normal use
by able-bodied passengers, and both halves of the partition 1 can carry the usual
"jump seats" 11.
[0020] There may be sockets or buckles provided at the appropriate points for a separate
seat belt (for example of the usual lap-and-diagonal strap type) to be fitted to restrain
the occupant of the wheelchair himself. These would, for example, be in the partition
1 and the door pillar, as indicated at 12.
[0021] Instead of being in the partition, it will be appreciated that the restraining system
could be in another surface, even the floor, and in each case it acts to hold the
wheelchair firmly against that surface. In the arrangement described, the partition,
by virtue of its shape, defines a recess with vertical sides, into which the wheelchair
enters, and these sides help to prevent the chair tilting sideways as the taxi goes
round corners.
[0022] The retracting force of the reel 4 could be made much greater than that of an orthodox
seat belt reel, so as to be capable of exerting a sufficient pull on the wheelchair
to pull it positively into place against the partition. In that case there may be
provision for disengaging the retracting force while the belt is being pulled out
and attached to the chair. In another modification (especially where the invention
is used in a private vehicle rather than a taxi) the locking and unlocking of the
reel may be arranged to be controlled by the occupant of the wheelchair rather than
by the driver.
1. A wheelchair locating system capable of holding a wheelchair against a restraining
surface (2), comprising restraining means in the form of one or more extendible flexible
members (5,7) provided with attachment devices (8) by which a wheelchair may be releasably
secured to the flexible member or members, and an independently controlled restraining
device (4) from which the flexible members (5,7) are extendible, the restraining device
in one state allowing the member or members (5,7) to be manually extended and in another
state preventing them from extension and thereby holding the wheelchair against the
restraining surface (2).
2. A wheelchair locating system according to claim 1 which further comprises resilient
retracting means and which when the restraining device is in the one state allows
the extendible member or members to be manually extended against the action of the
resilient retracting means.
3. A wheelchair locating system according to claim 2 in which the resilient retraction
means is a retractable inertia reel arranged so that when the restraining device is
in the second state the reel is locked by a pawl co-operating with the reel, and in
the first state the pawl is released and the flexible member or members (5,7) tensioned.
4. A wheelchair locating system according to any one of claims 1 to 3 including warning
means (10) to indicate whether the system is in the one or the other state.
5. A wheelchair locating system according to any one of claims 1 to 4 in which tilt
restraining surfaces are provided on each side of the position in which the wheelchair
is to be restrained.
6. A motor vehicle provided with a wheelchair locating system according to any preceding
claim.
7. A motor vehicle according to claim 6 in which a driver's compartment is located
forward of a passenger compartment and is separated from it by a transverse partition
(1) which is stepped forwards in the region away from the driver to define a recess
between the step in the partition and the side wall of the vehicle so that the recess
provides a larger space in the passenger compartment in the region away from the driver
than is present behind the driver, and in which the wheelchair locating system is
arranged so as to locate a wheelchair in the recess.