Mechanical tube plug

Description

[0001] The invention refers to a method of removably sealing the end of an Inconel heat exchanger tube with a hollow Inconel plug.

Background of the invention

[0002] In tube-and-sheet heat exchangers, for example those used in a nuclear steam generator, problems are encountered in the form of tubes which become defective or damaged. These tubes are generally effectively removed from operation by plugging both ends of the tubes during a maintenance shutdown and continuing the operation of the steam generator with only the remaining tubes in operation. One means used in the past for plugging the tubes was by welding a plug into each of the tube ends, as disclosed in US-A-4,262,187.

[0003] This works fine until a point is reached where there are so many tubes plugged that there is insufficient capacity left for continued practical operation of the steam generator. Then the unit is normally taken out of operation altogether and replaced with an entire new steam generator. Since the cost of replacing an entire steam generator is extremely high, other means of handling the situation is presently being considered. One means is to plug the tubes by means of plugs which can be readily and easily removed at a later time. Thus when too many tubes have been removed from operation, the unit can be shut down, the plugs can be removed, and the tubes can be thoroughly inspected and tested to see which tubes can be effectively repaired, for example by sleeving. If enough tubes can be repaired, the useful life of the steam generator can be greatly extended.

[0004] In GB-A-1,247,383, a method of plugging plastic tubes is disclosed using a rigid plug and a flexible sleeve both made of plastics, the flexibility of the sleeve accommodating any irregularities in the tube inner surfaces. In US-A-4,178,966, a method is disclosed of plugging a defective metal tube with a metal plug, the plug having a first tapered end and a second end which has a flange for limiting the insertion of the plug into the tube hole and for providing filler material so as to be welded at the tube hole opening.

Summary of the invention

[0005] The present invention is directed to a method of removably sealing the end of an Inconel heat exchanger tube with a hollow Inconel plug, which plug has a substantially non-varying outer diameter throughout the major longitudinal portion located within the tube of slightly smaller diameter than that of the plug, said plug having a first closed end which enters the tube, and a second open end adapted to be flush with the tube end, a portion of the plug near the second end being of slightly larger diameter to provide a light interference fit in the tube to hold the plug in place prior to and during the expansion thereof, there being a band of ductile metal being plated on a portion of the outer surface of the plug, said band being approximately 2-4 mils (ca. 0,05-0,1 mm) thick and being of either gold, silver, or pure iron, including the steps of inserting the plug into the tube until the portion of the plug of slightly larger diameter comes into contact with, and forms a light interference fit in the tube, with the open end of the plug being flush with the tube end, and thereafter expanding the plug in the vicinity of the band of ductile metal, such that the plug is expanded into tight engagement with the tube, and the ductile metal is extruded into any crevices caused by irregularities in the inner wall surface of the tubes.

[0006] The expansion of the plug can be obtained by using mechanical rolls. Hydraulic or pneumatic pressure could also possibly be used in place of the mechanical rolls. Many times the inner wall of the tube has irregularities on its surface, such as longitudinal scratch marks, which prevent a perfect seal. The thin band of ductile metal which is provided on the tube plug is extruded into any crevices or irregularities, so as to form a perfect seal.

Brief description of the drawing

[0007] 

Figure 1 is a sectional elevation of a tube plug constructed in accordance with the invention; and

Figure 2 is a partial sectional elevation of a tube-and-sheet heat exchanger showing a tube plug expanded into place in the end of one of the tubes.

Description of the preferred embodiment

[0008] Looking now to Figure 1, numeral 10 indicates the tube plug in its entirety. This plug can be used to removably seal the end of a defective or degraded tube in a nuclear steam generator. These tubes are commonly made of an Inconel alloy, and the plug is also of an Inconel alloy. The plug is closed at its inner end 12, which is the end inserted into the degraded or defective tube. The tubes, and thus also the tube plugs, are generally of small diameter (3/4 inch or 19,05 mm) as steam generating tubes go. The plug 10 is approximately 5 inches (0,127 m) in length, and would be slightly less than 3/4 of an inch (19,05 mm) OD throughout most of its length, if the degraded tube had 3/4 of an inch (19,05 mm) ID. The outer end 14 ofthe plug should be slightly larger than 3/ 4 of an inch (19,05 mm), to provide a light interference fit to hold the plug in place prior to and during rolling. The plug will be rolled, or otherwise expanded, for a length of approximately 1 1/4 inches (31,75 mm), shown at 16 in Fig. 1. In order to provide a better seal between the plug and tube, a narrow band of ductile metal is plated onto the tube plug, as indicated by numeral 18 in Fig. 1. This band may be approximately 1/2 inch (12,7 mm) wide, and 2-4 mils (ca. 0,05-0,1 mm) thick. Suitable ductile metals would be gold, silver, and pure iron. The portion 16 of the plug which is expanded into the tube includes and overlaps on both sides of the band of ductile metal 18. Thus during the plug expanding step of the process, the ductile metal is extruded into all of the crevices caused by surface irregularities, such as scratches, thus forming a positive seal. This is of the utmost importance in a nuclear steam generator, since the primary fluid of the heat exchanger is radioactive, whereas the secondary fluid is not. It is highly desirable to prevent intermixing of these fluids.

[0009] Figure 2 shows a tube plug 10 after it has been expanded into place in a defective or degraded tube 20. Numeral 22 indicates the tube sheet of a nuclear steam generator to which the ends of a plurality of U-shaped tubes 20 are secured. During operation of the steam generator, some of these tubes become defective or degraded and must be plugged. The plug 10 is positioned in the defective tube 20 with the plug end 14 flush with the face of tube sheet 22. The enlarged end 14 has a slight interference with tube ID to hold the plug in place prior to and during the rolling procedure.

[0010] Any suitable rolling apparatus can be used for expanding the plug in place. A typical mechanical tube expander may have a plurality of rolls held loosely in a cage or housing. A tapered mandrel moves longitudinally through the housing, camming the rolls radially outwardly into engagement with the walls of the plug. Further longitudinal movement causes expansion of the plug. It should also be mentioned that an expanding device could also be used which would utilize hydraulic or pneumatic pressure. The expansion causes the ductile metal to be extruded and flow into any crevices caused by surface irregularities, so that a good seal is formed. A plug such as described above is placed in each end of every defective tube.

[0011] The tube plugging can be done during any maintenance shutdown of the steam generator. The unit can thereafter be placed back into operation, with the plugged tubes remaining out of operation as heat exchange surface. After a large number of tubes have been plugged, the time may come when it is necessary to unplug some of the tubes and repair them in order to continue to operate the steam generator effectively. The tube plugs of the invention can be readily removed by heat shrinking. A heating device, such as an electric induction device, can be inserted into the plug interior to heat the metal to a high temperature. After cooling, the plug either slides out or can be pulled out of the tube by a 10 to 20 pound force from a special gripping tool which grips the plug by its ID wall surface. The tube can then be tested and sleeved if it is repairable, so as to be operative as heat exchange surface when the unit is again put back into operation.

Claims

Method of removably sealing the end of an Inconel heat exchanger tube (20) with a hollow Inconel plug (10), which plug has a substantially non-varying outer diameter throughout the major longitudinal portion located within the tube of slightly smaller diameter than that of the tube, said plug having a first closed end (12) which enters the tubes, and a second open end adapted to be flush with the tube end, a portion of the plug near the second end being of slightly larger diameter to provide a light interference fit in the tube to hold the plug in place prior to and during the expansion thereof, a band of ductile metal (18) being plated on a portion of the outer surface of the plug, said band being approximately (2-4 mils (ca. 0,05-0,1 mm) thick, and being of either gold, silver, or pure iron, the method comprising the steps of inserting the plug into the tube until the portion of the plug of slightly larger diameter comes into contact with, and forms a light interference fit in the tube, with the open end of the plug being flush with the tube end, and thereafter expanding the plug in the vicinity of the band of ductile metal, such that the plug is expanded into tight engagement with the tube, and the ductile metal is extruded into any crevices caused by irregularities in the inner wall surface of the tube.

Ansprüche

Eine Methode, um das Ende eines Inconel-Wärmeaustauscherrohrs (20) mit Hilfe eines hohlen Inconel-Stopfens (10) in herausnehmbarer Ausführung verschließen zu können, wobei der Stopfen über den größeren Teil des Längsabschnitts, der sich innerhalb des Rohrs befindet, das im Vergleich zum Rohr einen geringfügig kleineren Durchmesser besitzt, einen im wesentlichen gleichbleibenden Außendurchmesser aufweist, wobei der genannte Stopfen ein erstes geschlossenes Ende (12) besitzt, das in die Rohre hineinragt, sowie ein zweites offenes Ende, das so ausgeführt ist, daß es bündig mit dem Rohrende abschließt, wobei ein Abschnitt des Stopfens in der Nähe des zweiten Endes einen geringfügig größeren Durchmesser aufweist, um so eine leichte Preßpassung im Rohr sicherzustellen, damit der Stopfen vor und während dessen Ausdehnung fest in seiner Position verbleibt, wobei ein Abschnitt der Außenfläche des Stopfens ein aufgebrachtes Band aus verformbarem Metall (18) aufweist, das eine Dicke von etwa 2-4 Milli-Inch (ca. 0,05-0,1 mm) besitzt und entweder aus Gold, Silber oder reinem Eisen besteht, wobei die Methode folgende Arbeitsschritte umfaßt: das Einsetzen des Stopfens in das Rohr, bis der Abschnitt des Stopfens mit einem geringfügig größeren Durchmesser in Kontakt mit dem Rohr kommt und mit diesem eine leichte Preßpassung eingeht, wobei das offene Ende des Stopfens bündig mit dem Rohrende abschließt; und die anschließende Ausdehnung des Stopfens in der Nähe des aus verformbarem Metall bestehenden Bandes in der Art, daß sich der Stopfen so ausdehnt, daß er in eine enge Passung mit dem Rohr gebracht wird, wobei das verformbare Metall in die aufgrund der Unregelmäßigkeiten in der Innernwandfläche des Rohrs bestehenden Spalten gepreßt wird.

Revendications

Procédé pour obturer de façon amovible l'extrémité d'un tube en Inconel pour un échangeur de chaleur avec un bouchon creux (10) en Inconel, bouchon qui présente un diamètre extérieur substantiellement invariable sur la plus grande portion longitudinale logée à l'intérieur du tube de diamètre légèrement plus petit que celui du tube, ledit bouchon ayant une première extrémité (12) fermée qui pénètre dans le tube, et une seconde extrémité ouverte pouvant se placer au ras de l'extrémité du tube, une portion du bouchon voisine de la seconde extrémité ayant un diamètre légèrement plus grand pour assurer un joint à serrage léger dans le tube pour maintenir le bouchon en place avant et pendant sa dilatation, une bande de métal ductile (18) étant plaquée sur un portion de la surface extérieure du bouchon, ladite bande ayant une épaisseur d'environ 2-4 mils (env. 0,05-0,1 mm) et étant constituée soit d'or, soit d'argent soit encore de fer pur, le procédé comprenant les étapes consistant à insérer le bouchon dans le tube jusqu'à ce que la portion de diamètre légèrement plus grand du bouchon vienne en contact avec et forme un joint à serrage léger dans le tube, l'extrémité ouverte du bouchon se trouvant au ras de l'extrémité du tube, et ensuite à provoquer la dilatation du bouchon au voisinage de la bande de métal ductile, de telle façon que le bouchon soit dilaté en contact étanche avec le tube, et que le métal ductile soit extrudé dans toute fissure résultant des irrégularités de la surface intérieure de la paroi du tube.

Drawing