[0001] The present invention relates to electrical wiring components and, more specifically,
to a cable assembly incorporating a flat cable adapted for use with mass termination,
insulation displacement connectors.
Background of the Invention
[0002] Mass termination, insulation displacement connectors have come into increasing commerical
prominence because of the significant savings in time and labor they offer compared
to stripping and individually terminating each conductor using a crimp terminal. These
connectors have an insulative housing body holding a number of regularly spaced terminal
elements having slotted plates terminating in sharpened free ends extending beyond
a surface of the body. The conductors also include covers having recesses in a facing
surface for receiving the free ends of the plates. After the insulated conductors
are aligned with their corresponding slotted plates, relative closing of the housing
body and cover results in displacement of the insulation with the conductor cores
contacting the metallic plates. For further information regarding the operation and
structure of such mass termination connectors, reference may be made to U.S. Patent
Nos. 4,458,967 and 3,912,354.
[0003] The most efficient form of conductors for use with such connectors is the flat cable
in which conductors, running parallel and spaced to match the spacing of the terminal
elements in the connector, are held by a layer of insulation. The use of a flat cable
avoids running the conductors one at a time and holding them in position for termination.
The flat cable can be used for either a daisy chain connection (where the connector
is applied intermediate the cable ends) or an end connection. The sharpened ends of
the slotted plates pierce the web material between the conductors in the flat cable
as the body and cover close so slitting of the cable between conductors is not required.
[0004] While flat cables offer many advantages with respect to efficiency in termination,
they present difficulties during routing. Flat cables have certain dimensions larger
than comparable round cables, the flat cables do not bend as easily, they are more
susceptible to damage during routing, and the continuous presence of the layer of
insulation holding the discrete conductors may result in somewhat increased weight
of a flat cable. Additionally, a flat cable is usually more susceptible to electrical
cross talk than a comparable round cable.
[0005] There are several methods for manufacturing flat cable. In one method, the insulation
is extruded about parallel, coplanar conductors. In another, two layers of insulation
are bonded together with the conductors held in parallel, coplanar relationship. Some
of these methods require the use of large expensive manufacturing equipment. One simpler
manufacturing method has been proposed wherein individual conductors, each having
a thermoplastic jacket, are positioned on a layer of the same material as that used
in the jackets. Upon raising the temperature to the melting point of the insulation,
the jackets and layer will fuse, forming a flat cable. Unfortunately, the most commonly
used insulating materials, such as polyvinyl chloride, have poor dimensioned stability,
particularly when the flat cable is subjected to varying temperatures.
[0006] A method of forming flat cable using conductor modules has also been suggested. In
this method, pairs of conductors are formed into modules by applying a jacket of insulation
about them. The modules are fed in edge-to-edge relationship between two webs of polyester
material precoated with a hot-melt adhesive on their facing surfaces. This assembly
is then subjected to heating and the application of pressure to form the final flat
cable assembly. For additional information concerning this flat cable and its method
of manufacture, reference may be made to U.S. Patent No. 4,468,089.
1 Summary of the Invention
[0007] Among the several aspects of the present invention may be noted the provision of
an improved flat cable adapted for use with mass termination, insulation displacement
connectors. The cable has greater strength, increased dimensional stability over a
wide temperature range, lighter weight, and smaller finished cable thickness than
conventional flat cables which employ a carrier film of the same insulating material
as the jacket on the conductor cores. A cable embodying features of the present invention
can be reconfigured from substantially round to flat, and has reduced electrical cross
talk. The cable of the present invention is reliable in use, has long service life
and is simple and economical to manufacture. Other aspects and features of the present
flat cable will be, in part, apparent and, in part, pointed out hereinafter in the
following specification and in the accompanying claims and drawings.
[0008] Briefly, the flat cable of the present invention includes a laminated carrier film
and a plurality of discrete conductors held in regularly spaced parallel relationship
by the carrier film to match the terminal elements spacing of the connector. Each
conductor has an insulative jacket made of a thermoplastic material. The carrier film
includes an attachment layer of thermoplastic insulation having a melting temperature
similar to that of the jacket material. The carrier film also includes a dimensional
stabilization layer holding the attachment layer and made of an insulative material
having a melting temperature higher than those of the attachment layer and the jacket
material and displaying dimensional stability at the melting temperatures of the attachment
layer and the jacket material. The jackets of the conductors are fused to the attachment
layer. The carrier film can be longitudinally discontinuous to form first cable sections
where the conductors are held parallel for ease of termination and second cable sections
where the conductors are not held to increase flexibility and reduce weight. The cable
can be formed into a round configuration to provide advantages during routing.
[0009] As a method of manufacturing a flat cable, the present invention includes several
steps: 1) The jacketed conductors are positioned against the attachment layer so that
the spacing of the conductors matches that of the terminal elements in the connector.
2) The temperatures of the conductors jackets and the attachment layer are raised
until the jackets and the attachment layers fuse. 3) The conductors have their positions
maintained on the attachment layer until the temperatures of the jackets and the attachment
layer drop sufficiently so that the jackets are fixed.
Brief Description of the Drawings
[0010]
FIG. 1 is an end view of the mass terminable flat cable of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is an exploded perspective view showing a mass termination insulation displacement
connector usable with the cable of FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a simplified diagrammatic representation of a method of manufacturing the
cable of FIG. 1.
FIG. 4 is a plan view of a cable assembly incorporating an alternative embodiment
of a cable embodying various features of the present invention wherein the cable can
be reconfigured from a round configuration to a flat configuration by removal of an
outer protective sheath, and wherein first cable sections in which conductors run
parallel and are held by a carrier film are spaced by second cable sections which
do not have the carrier film and in which the conductors are paired and twisted;
FIG. 5 illustrates the cable assembly of FIG. 4 with certain components removed and
with the cable in its round configuration throughout its length;
FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view taken generally along line 6--6 of FIG. 5 through
a first cable section in which the cable is spiralled around a central strength member;
FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view taken generally along line 7--7 of FIG. 5 through
a second cable section; and
FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view of an alternative embodiment of the cable of FIG.
4 wherein the flat cable is folded instead of spiralled.
[0011] Corresponding reference numbers indicate corresponding components throughout the
several views of the drawings.
Description of the Preferred Embodiment
[0012] Referring now to the drawings, a flat cable of the present invention adapted for
use with a mass termination, insulation displacement connector 22 (shown in FIG. 2),
is generally indicated by reference numeral 20. The flat cable 20 includes a laminated
carrier film 24 and a plurality of discrete conductors 26 held in regularly spaced,
parallel relationship by the carrier film. Each conductor 26 includes a metallic,
i.e., copper, core 28 and an insulating jacket 30 about the core. While the particular
flat cable illustrated is intended for carrying electrical signals and has the cores
on .050 inch centers, it will be appreciated that the flat cable 20 of the present
invention can be made in larger sizes for use in supplying electrical power to various
electrical components.
[0013] The mass termination connector 22 shown in FIG. 2 is of the high terminal density,
signal conductor type and includes an insulative body 32 having two rows of terminal
element cavities. A terminal element 33 is disposed in each cavity with elements in
each row having a .100 inch pitch. Adjacent terminal elements in each row are staggered
so that every other conductor 26 is terminated by elements in one row while the remaining
conductors are terminated by the elements in the other row. Each terminal element
includes a slotted plate 34 extending beyond a surface 35 of the body with the plate
terminating in sharpened ends for piercing the web material of the flat cable between
the conductors. The plate edges defining the slot function to displace the conductor
jacket material so that by forcing a conductor 26 into a slotted plate 34, the conductor
core 28 is engaged by the metallic plate to establish an electrical circuit. The connector
22 also includes a cover 36 held in alignment with the body 32 by means of pins 38.
The cover, also formed of insulating material, includes a facing surface 40 having
pockets 42 for locating the flat cable conductors 26 with respect to the terminal
elements 33, and a recess 43 for receiving the free ends of the slotted plates 34.
Thus after the flat cable 20 is positioned between the cover 36 and the body 32, relative
closing of the two results in mass termination of the conductors 26 of the flat cable
20.
[0014] Referring to FIG. 1, the carrier film 24 includes an attachment layer 44 of a thermoplastic
insulation having a melting temperature similar to that of the jacket material 30,
and a dimensional stabilization layer 46 made of an insulating material having a melting
temperature higher than those of the attachment layer and the jacket material and
displaying .-dimensionali,stability at the melting temperatures of the attachment
layer and the jacket material. The jackets 30 of the conductors 26 are fused to the
attachment layer 44 and the attachment layer is held by the stabilization layer 46
preferably by bonding them together with an adhesive 48, or the attachment layer and
the stabilization layer may themselves be fused. Also preferably the attachment layer
44 and the conductor jackets 30 are made of the same insulating material. Among the
several combinations of insulating materials are the following: polyvinyl chloride
jackets and attachment layer with polyester stabilization layer; fluorinated ethylene-propylene
jackets and attachment layer with tetrafluoroethylene stabilization layer; polyethylene
jackets and attachment layer with polyester stabilization layer; and polypropylene
jackets and attachment layer with polyester stabilization layer.
[0015] With respect to the first combination, polyester offers a greater strength to weight
ratio than polyvinyl chloride. Also polyester has better dimensional stability over
a wide range of thermal and environmental conditions. The other combinations offer
similar characteristics. Thus the cable 20 can have greater strength, better temperature
stability, smaller thickness and lighter weight than a conventional flat cable which
uses a carrier layer of the same insulating material as the conductor jackets. Additionally,
the polyester stabilization layer 46 serves a strain relief function when mass termination
connectors including strain clips are employed. Upon tensioning of the flat cable
between connectors, the polyester layer resists extension of the jackets and the metallic
conductor cores.
[0016] It will also be appreciated that the flat cable 20 has a side 50 which is undulating,
with the undulations formed by the individual jackets 30. These undulations are received
by the pockets 42 in the connector cover 36 to properly locate the various cores 28
in alignment with their corresponding slotted plates 34. This is advantageous over
a flat cable having flat sides because the connector does not have to be provided
with alignment stops at the sides of the cover and/or body to position the flat cable
in position for termination.
[0017] As shown diagrammatically in FIG. 3, the flat cable 20 of the present invention is
relatively simple to manufacture using a continuous process. At a feed station 52
are positioned a roll 54 of the carrier film 24 and a number of spools 56 of the conductors
26. The carrier film and the plurality of the conductors are received by a positioning
die 58 which aligns the various conductors 26 in regularly spaced, parallel relationship
on the attachment layer 44 of the carrier film. The die has conductor-receiving passageways
which decrease in dimension from the die entrance side to its exit side so that upon
exit of the cable components, the conductors are held firmly against the attachment
layer. The film and conductors next pass through a heating zone 60 where the temperatures
of the jacket material and the attachment layer are raised sufficiently that the conductors
and attachment layer fuse. Next downstream is a cooling zone where another die 62
functions firmly to hold the conductors against the attachment layer until the jackets
are fixed onto the attachement layer. Finally, the completed flat cable 20 is wound
on a take up reel 64. The above description assumes that the formation of the carrier
layer has been completed. The carrier layer 24 can also be formed as a preliminary
operation in this manufacturing process by including an upstream station where the
attachment layer and stabilization layer are bonded.
[0018] As a method of manufacturing a flat cable for use with a mass termiation connector
22 having regularly spaced terminal elements 33, the present invention includes the
following steps:
1) The jacketed conductors 26 are positioned in parallel spaced relationship against
the carrier film 24 so that the conductor engage the attachment layer 44 with the
spacing between the conductors matching that of the terminal elements in the connector.
2) The temperatures of the conductor jackets 30 and the attachment layer 44 are raised
so that the jackets and the attachment layer fuse. However, the temperature of the
stabilization layer 46 remains below its melting temperature.
3) The positioning of the conductors is maintained until the temperatures of the jackets
and the attachment layer drop sufficiently so that the jackets become fixed on the
attachment layer.
[0019] It will be appreciated that the particular construction of the flat cable 20 allows
the use of different insulating materials for the jackets 30 of the conductors in
the same manufacturing process without requiring modification of expensive equipment
components. This is because of the great flexibility offered by cable 20. If a particular
insulation is required for the conductor jackets, only the attachment layer coating
on the polyester film stabilization layer need by changed to match the jacket material
used in the conductors 26.
[0020] While the flat cable is shown with the conductors running parallel throughout the
length of the cable, the cable could alternatively have sections wherein adjacent
conductors form twisted pairs with those sections spaced by other sections wherein
the conductors run parallel to one another.
[0021] Referring now to FIGS. 4-8, a cable assembly 66 is shown which includes an alternative
embodiment 20A of the flat cable of the present invention. Components of the flat
cable 20A corresponding to components of the flat cable 20 are indicated by the reference
numeral applied to the component of the flat cable 20 with the addition of the suffix
"A". As shown in FIG. 4, the flat cable 20A is longitudinally divided into a plurality
of spaced first cable sections 68 in which the conductors 26A are held in regularly
spaced, parallel relationship by carrier film 24A by means of the attachment layer
44A being fused with the conductor jackets, and a plurality of second cable sections
70 wherein the conductors are not held. The conductors in the second sections 70 are
preferably disposed in twisted pairs, as shown in FIGS. 4 and 5, or the conductors
may be in an unpaired configuration. A second cable section 70 spaces each adjacent
pair of first cable sections 68. The first cable sections 68 are preferably regularly
spaced and are somewhat shorter than the second cable sections 70. The first cable
sections are used for termination of the conductor cores 28A by the insulation displacement
connectors 22 because it is at the first cable sections where the conductors are held
in a regularly spaced array having centers matching those of the terminal elements
33 of the connector. On the other hand, the presence of the second cable sections
70 with the loose twisted pairs provides greater flexibility, lighter weight, and
improves the electrical characteristics of the cable in that cross talk is reduced.
[0022] The flat cable 20A, when part of the cable assembly 66, is deformed into a non-flat
and preferably substantially circular configuration. The cable assembly 66 includes
an outer jacket 72 constituting means disposed about the periphery of the cable 20A
for holding the cable in its preferably circular cross-sectional configuration. The
outer jacket is formed of a tough, abrasion resistant thermoplastic material and the
outer surface of the jacket 72 carries spaced indicia 74 (such as a circular stripes)
to locate the presence of the first cable sections 68. Thus, the user can easily find
a first cable section, strip the outer jacket therefrom and apply a connector 22 after
returning the cable section to its flat configuration. The round configuration of
the cable 20A when held in the cable assembly 66 provides many advantages when the
cable assembly is routed. A round configuration has smaller dimensions, is more flexible
in certain directions (a flat cable configuration has restricted bending in the plane
of the flat cable) and is more resistant to damage during routing, for example, during
pulling of the cable assembly through a conduit.
[0023] The flat cable 20A can be deformed from its flat, as-manufactured configuration to
the substantially round configuration by spiralling, as shown in FIG. 6, or by folding,
as shown in FIG. 8. A central strength member 76, formed by a fiber or steel stranded
rope, may be provided. The spiralled configuration offers certain advantages in that
the deformed cable more closely resembles a round configuration without extensive
use of fillers with the cable 20A inside the outer jacket 72, and the cable 20A is
not required to undergo severe bending. On the other hand, the accordian folded cable
shown in FIG. 8 can quickly be returned to its flat configuration by pulling apart
the lateral sides of the exposed first cable section.
[0024] Optionally, as shown in FIG. 5, the cable assembly 66 can include a metallic shield
encompassing the deformed flat cable 20A. The shield comprises a foil 78 which might
be on Mylar (Mylar is a registered trademark of Dupont for polyester film) and/or
a metallic braid 80. Optimum shielding is achieved using the foil 78 disposed under
the braid 80 and in contact therewith, the use of the braid over the foil results
in the lowest radio frequency leakage and lowest susceptibility to electrical noise.
The braid functions to limit penetration of low frequency noise while the presence
of the foil limits high frequency noise penetration.
[0025] In view of the above, it will be seen that the several objects of the invention are
achieved and other advantageous results attained.
[0026] As various changes could be made without departing from the scope of the invention,
it is intended that all matter contained in the above description shall be interpreted
as illustrative and not in a limiting sense.
1. A flat cable for use with a mass termination connector having a plurality of regularly
spaced terminal elements, said cable comprising: a plurality of discrete conductors
extending throughout the length of said cable, each conductor having an insulative
jacket made of a thermoplastic material; said cable having a plurality of spaced first
cable sections in which said conductors are held in regularly spaced parallel relationship,
said cable further having a plurality of spaced second cable sections in which said
conductors are not held in regularly spaced parallel relationship, with adjacent first
cable sections being spaced by a second cable section; each first cable section comprising
a laminated carrier film holding said conductors, said carrier film including an attachment
layer of thermoplastic insulation having a melting temperature similar to that of
the jacket material, and a dimensional stabilization layer made of an insulative material
having a melting temperature higher than those of the attachment layer and the jacket
material and displaying dimensional stability at the melting temperatures of the attachment
layer and jacket material, the jackets of said conductors being fused to said attachment
layer and said attachment layer being held by said stabilization layer.
2. A flat cable as set forth in Claim 1 wherein in said second cable sections said
conductors are arranged in twisted pairs.
3. A flat cable as set forth in Claim 1 wherein the conductor jackets and the attachment
layer are made of the same material.
4. A flat cable as set forth in Claim 1 wherein the said attachment layer is formed
of polyvinyl chloride.
5. A flat cable as set forth in Claim 1 wherein said stabilization layer is made of
a polyester film.
6. A flat cable as set forth in Claim 10226779 wherein each of said first cable sections
has a substantially flat side and an opposite undulating side with each undulation
formed by one of the jacketed conductors.
7. A flat cable as set forth in Claim 1 wherein said carrier film comprises an adhesive
bonding said attachment layer to said stabilization layer.
8. A cable assembly for use with a mass termination connector having a plurality of
regularly spaced terminal elements, said cable assembly comprising: a flat cable deformed
from its flat, as-manufactured configuration into a non-flat , configuration; and
holding means disposed about the periphery of said cable holding said cable in said
non-flat configuration whereby removal of the holding means allows said cable substantially
to return to its flat configuration, said cable in its as-manufactured configuration
comprising: a plurality of discrete conductors extending throughout the length of
said cable, each conductor having an insulative jacket made of a thermoplastic material;
said cable having a plurality of spaced first cable sections in which said conductors
are held in regularly spaced parallel relationship, said cable further having a plurality
of spaced second cable sections in which said conductors are not held in regularly
spaced parallel relationship, with adjacent first cable sections being spaced by a
second cable section: each first cable section comprising a laminated carrier film
holding said conductors, said carrier film including an attachment layer of thermoplastic
insulation having a melting temperature similar to that of the jacket material, and
a dimensional stabilization layer made of an insulative material having a melting
temperature higher than those of the attachment layer and the jacket material and
displaying dimensional stability at the melting temperatures of the attachment layer
and jacket material, the jackets of said conductors being fused to said attachment
layer and said attachment layer being held by said stabilization layer.
9. A cable assembly as set forth in Claim 8 wherein said non-flat configuration is
substantially circular.
10. A cable assembly as set forth in Claim 8 wherein the holding means comprises an
outer jacket formed of an abrasion resistant thermoplastic material.
11. A cable assembly as set forth in Claim 10 wherein said jacket has spaced indicia
on its outside surface locating said first cable sections.
12. A cable assembly as set forth in Claim 8 wherein said conductors are arranged
in twisted pairs in said second cable sections.
13. A cable assembly as set forth in Claim 8 further including a central strength
member.
14. A cable assembly as set forth in Claim 8 wherein said flat cable is spiralled
to form said non-flat configuration.
15. A cable assembly as set forth in Claim 8 wherein said flat cable is folded to
form said non-flat configuration.
16. A cable assembly as set forth in Claim 8 further comprising a metallic shield
surrounding said cable.
17. A cable assembly as set forth in Claim 16 wherein said shield is a foil.
18. A cable assembly as set forth in Claim 16 wherein said shield is a braid.