[0001] The present invention relates to a photothermographic recording material and process
for the production thereof.
[0002] A photothermographic recording material is a light-sensitive material that can be
processed by application of heat to form a visible image after its image-wise exposure
to light.
[0003] Conventional silver halide recording materials with all their enormous advantages
have a severe limitation in that they have to be processed in wet state using mostly
several processing liquids. This is a drawback that has given the impuls to a search
for silver halide systems that retain the basic advantageous properties inherent to
the use of silver halide but offer access to an image in a dry process.
[0004] A dry imaging process based on the use of silver halide as photosensitive substance
is described e.g. in GB-P 1,110,046 and operates with an imaging layer having the
following two main components :
(a) a comparatively small amount of silver halide,
(b) a major amount of non-light-sensitive image forming material, more particularly
a silver soap, e.g. silver behenate plus a reducing agent.
[0005] The components (a) and (b) must be in catalytic proximity which means that the photolytic
silver from the silver halide must be capable to catalyse the image-forming redox-reaction
between the silver soap and the reducing agent while heating the recording layer for
a few seconds to approximately 100°C so that hereby a silver image develops.
[0006] A good light-sensitivity is attained when the necessary silver halide is formed in
situ at the surface of the non-light-sensitive silver salt by reaction with a compound
yielding halide ions, e.g. as described in US-P 3,457,075 and 3,770,448. A material
obtained that way has a sensitivity in the short wave region of the visible spectrum
in accordance with the inherent sensitivity of the silver halides formed and can be
spectrally sensitized to light of longer wavelengths by the addition of spectral sensitizing
dyes.
[0007] According to one embodiment described in US-P 3,457,075 the formation in situ of
silver halide proceeds with hydrogen bromide as a source of halide ions in equal volumes
of alcohol and water wherein a silver soap is dispersed. The dispersion is mixed thoroughly
by stirring whereby the silver halide is formed in situ, i.e. in reactive association
with the other components needed for the photothermographic image formation.
[0008] According to another embodiment described in said last mentioned US-P a first coating
is made of silver soap, e.g. silver stearate, in a binder such as polyvinyl butyral
from a mixture of non polar solvent such as toluene and a polar solvent such as acetone
and a second coating is applied thereon containing ammonium bromide, hydroquinone,
spectral sensitizing agent and polyvinyl pyrrolidone from acetone. The ammonium bromide
amounts to approximately four molar percent of silver stearate.
[0009] According to an embodiment described in US-P 3,770,448 the silver halide is produced
in situ in the recording layer by treating the non-lightsensitive silver salts at
their surface with vapours of hydrohalic acids, e.g. hydrogen chloride in the vapour
phase.
[0010] As is generally known chemical reactions wherein ionic substances take part, proceed
at higher rate and yield in media including a polar solvent than in media having a
non polar character since a polar solvent gives rise to the dissociation of the ionic
substances in their reactive ions.
[0011] In J. Dispersion Science and Technology, 4 (1), 29-45 (1983) a study of the precipitation
of silver chloride in a micro-emulsion medium is presented. According to a particular
embodiment described therein the ionic surfactant AEROSOL OT (trade name of American
Cyanamid Corp. for sodium (2-ethyl-hexyl) sulfosuccinate) was used in dry heptane
to prepare a microemulsion of an aqueous silver nitrate solution and of an aqueous
sodium chloride emulsion. For the precipitation of silver chloride, an aliquot of
silver nitrate microemulsion was added to the same volume of a sodium chloride microemulsion
and the mixture was rapidly shaken. A rapid exchange of reagents between the water
pools (i.e. the aqueous salt phases) surrounded by the surfactant structure and the
non polar heptane took place and the silver chloride was precipitated in the interior
of inverted micelles also called reverse micelles.
[0012] The formation of inverted micelles in non-aqueous solvents is described e.g. by H.F.
Eicke "Surfactants in non polar solvents -Aggregation and Micellation" Topics in
Current Chemistry, Vol.
87, p. 86-145 (1979), by A. Kitahora "Solubilization and Catalysis in Reversed Micelles",
Advanced Colloid Interf. Science,
12, p. 109-140 (1980) and by L. Kagid "Solution Chemistry of Surfactants" K.L. Mittal
- Ed. Plenum Press N.Y. Vol. 1, p. 427 (1979). A more recent study on inverted micelles
can be found in the book "Reverse Micelles" edited by P. L. Luisi and B. E. Straub
- Plenum Press - New York and London (1984).
[0013] The micelles of organic surfactant molecules in non polar solvents have the inverse
structure of surfactant micelles in aqueous solutions. In aqueous surfactant solutions
micelles have a hydrocarbon core, but in non polar organic solvents inverted micelles
have a dense polar core containing water at the center of the micelle.
[0014] It is an object of the present invention to provide a process for the manufacture
of a photothermographic material wherein use is made of the formation of minute amounts
of photosensitive silver halide in tiny aqueous phase centers surrounded by a surfactant
in an non polar liquid medium.
[0015] It is a further object of the present invention to provide a photothermographic material
incorporating photosensitive silver halide in tiny aqueous phase centers surrounded
by a surfactant in a solid non polar binder medium.
[0016] Other objects and advantages of the present invention will appear from the further
description.
[0017] According to the present invention a process for the production of a photothermographic
material is provided, which process comprises the steps of
1) producing inverted micelles having a polar core by mixing a surfactant in a non
polar liquid medium in the presence of water being used in a minor amount with respect
to the non polar liquid,
2) allowing to react in the water halide ions with silver ions so as to introduce
in the polar core of said micelles minute amounts of silver halide,
3) forming a film forming photosensitive coating composition by mixing said micelles
in said non polar liquid medium with a film forming polymeric organic binding agent
that is soluble in said liquid medium, said liquid medium comprising a dissolved or
dispersed developing agent for photo-exposed silver halide, and
4) coating said composition onto a support and allowing the non polar liquid to evaporate
leaving a solid photosensitive layer on said support.
[0018] When speaking of "a minor amount of water with respect to the non polar liquid" in
the present description and claims is meant less than 10 % by volume of water with
regard to the volume of the non polar liquid.
[0019] According to an embodiment a hydrophilic colloid, e.g. gelatin, is introduced into
the core of said micelles.
[0020] According to another embodiment said photosensitive layer is applied in association
with a sub coat and/or top coat containing a developing agent capable of diffusing
on heating into the photosensitive layer.
[0021] Surfactants are amphiphatic substances characterized by a relatively large non polar
hydrophobic molecule part carrying chemically linked thereto a polar hydrophilic molecule
part, whereby said substances have the property of lowering the surface tension of
water.
[0022] Surfactants suited for use in the production of inverted micelles are either cationic,
anionic or non-ionic surfactants.
[0023] In cationic surfactants the ion containing the organic part of the molecule is a
cation. Examples of cationic surfactants are : alkylammonium salts and salts of higher
molecular weight amines. In anionic surfactants the ion containing the organic part
of the molecule is an anion. Examples of anionic surfactants are : higher carboxylic
acid metal soaps, sulphosuccinates, higher alkyl sulphonates and alkylaryl sulphonates.
[0024] Examples of non-ionic surfactants are alkyl or alkylaryl substituted polyoxyalkylene
compounds such as isooctylphenyl polyoxyethylene ethers.
[0025] Preferred surfactants for the formation of inverted micelles with relatively large
capacity to include an aqueous liquid in their core are amphiphiles having two separate
hydrocarbon chains or one branched hydrocarbon chain linked to the ionic structural
part. Examples of such surfactants are : the sodium salts of C₆-C₁₈ alkyl diesters
of phosphoric acid, mono(2-hexyl-decyl) phosphoric acid ester and di-(2-ethylhexyl)-sulphosuccinic
acid. Particularly suited for including a high amount of aqueous liquid are further
amphiphiles having an ionic part of the betaine type as e.g. in amino-carboxylic acids
such as R-NH-(CH₂)
n-COOH, wherein R is C₁₂-C₁₈ alkyl and n is 1 to 4.
[0026] According to a first embodiment for the production of silver halide inside the core
of inverted micelles a cationic surfactant having a halide counter ion is dispersed
in the presence of a minute amount of water in an non polar solvent, e.g. an aliphatic,
cycloaliphatic or aromatic hydrocarbon liquid or mixtures thereof, to form inverted
micelles and a minor amount of water containing a dissolved silver salt, e.g. silver
nitrate, is mixed therewith and at least partly introduced into the core of said micelles
to obtain the formation of silver halide inside said core.
[0027] According to a second embodiment for the production of silver halide inside the core
of inverted micelles an anionic surfactant having a silver counter ion is dispersed
in the presence of a minute amount of water in a non polar solvent, e.g. an aliphatic,
cycloaliphatic or aromatic hydrocarbon liquid or mixtures thereof, to form inverted
micelles and a minor amount of water containing a dissolved halide salt, e.g. sodium
chloride, is mixed therewith and at least partly introduced into the core of said
micelles to obtain the formation of silver halide inside said core.
[0028] According to a third embodiment for the production of silver halide inside the core
of inverted micelles, inverted micelles are formed by dispersing a surfactant in the
presence of a minor amount of water containing a water-soluble silver salt, e.g. silver
nitrate, in a non polar solvent, and a minor amount of water containing a dissolved
halide, e.g. ammonium bromide, is mixed therewith whereby at least a part of the aqueous
solution of the halide salt becomes introduced into said cores and the formation of
silver halide occurs inside said cores.
[0029] According to a fourth embodiment for the production of silver halide inside the core
of inverted micelles, inverted micelles are formed by dispersing a surfactant in the
presence of a minor amount of water containing a water-soluble halide salt, e.g. sodium
chloride, in a non polar solvent, and a minor amount of water containing a dissolved
silver salt, e.g. silver nitrate, is mixed therewith whereby the aqueous solution
of the silver salt becomes at least partly introduced into said cores and the formation
of silver halide occurs inside said cores.
[0030] According to a fifth embodiment for the production of silver halide inside the core
of inverted micelles a first group of inverted micelles is formed by dispersing a
surfactant in the presence of a minor amount of water containing a water-soluble silver
salt, e.g. silver nitrate, in a non polar solvent, a second group of inverted micelles
is formed by dispersing a surfactant in the presence of a minor amount of water containing
a water-soluble halide salt, e.g. ammonium bromide, in said non polar solvent, and
said both groups of micelles are mixed so that the aqueous contents of the cores become
intermixed and the formation of silver halide occurs inside said cores.
[0031] According to a sixth embodiment for the production of silver halide inside the core
of inverted micelles the inverted micelles are formed by mixing simultaneously in
a non polar liquid medium in the presence of a minor amount of water a cationic surfactant
having an halide, e.g. chloride, as counter anion and an anionic surfactant having
a silver ion as counter cation.
[0032] Amounts of lightsensitive silver halide of 1 to 30 % with respect to the the non-lightsensitive
silver salt will suffice to form catalytically active silver in the thermal reduction
process.
[0033] Organic silver salts that are substantially insensitive to light and that are used
in the present photothermographic material as substances yielding image-silver are
preferably silver salt surfactants forming the inverted micelles having inside their
cores photosensitive silver halide, but silver sulphonates with higher alkyl (C₁₂-C₂₂)
groups and silver salts of aliphatic carboxylic acids known as fatty acids, so-called
silver soaps that preferably contain at least 12 carbon atoms, for example silver
behenate and silver stearate may be used in addition thereto although they have to
be applied in dispersed form because these salts are inherently insoluble in non polar
liquids such as n-heptane.
[0034] The use of silver dodecyl sulphonate in a photothermographic recording material is
described e.g. in US-P 4,504,575.
[0035] As described e.g. in US-P 3,770,448 and US-P 4,435,499 silver behenate and silver
stearate may be used in the presence of free fatty acid, e.g. behenic acid, which
means that the recording composition of photothermographic materials need not to be
alkaline to become developable. Other non-lightsensitive silver compounds for use
in thermographic recording materials are described in GB-P 1,111,492.
[0036] The non-lightsensitive silver salts for use according to the present invention have
preferably a relatively low melting point, preferably lower than 100°C, to become
intimately mixed on heating with the silver nuclei that are formed by the reduction
of the silver halide inside the inverted micelles. On heating the present photothermographic
recording material the inverted micelles will desaggregate and catalytic contact of
the photo-exposed silver halide with the non-photosenstive silver compound yielding
the major part of the image silver will be made.
[0037] According to a preferred embodiment an anionic surfactant containing silver counter
ions is used in such amounts that it does not only serves for yielding sufficient
silver ions in the formation of minute amounts of photosensitive silver halide inside
the cores of the inverted micelles but also provides the necessary quantity of silver
ions for an image-forming thermal development following the image-wise exposure of
the photothermographic material.
[0038] A particularly suitable anionic surfactant for that purpose is the silver salt of
di-(2-ethylhexyl)-sulphosuccinic acid which forms inverted micelles in a non polar
solvent such as n-pentane, n-hexane, n-heptane, n-octane, n-nonane, benzene, cyclohexane,
carbon tetrachloride and 2,2-dimethylbutane. Other sulphonates that form inverted
micelles in non polar solvents, e.g. in n-heptane, are tripentylmethylbenzene sulphonate
and dinonylnaphthalene sulphonates. The latter forms smaller micelles in benzene than
in n-decane.
[0039] The preparation of the silver salt of
di-(2-ethylhexyl)-sulphosuccinic acid proceeded e.g. as follows :
13.3 g (30 mmole) of sodium di-(2-ethylhexyl)-sulphosuccinate were dissolved in 900
ml of distilled water by stirring vigorously. To the obtained solution a solution
of 10.2 g (60 mmole) of silver nitrate in 20 ml of water were added while maintaining
said stirring. The solution became slightly opalescent. Stirring was continued for
4 h at 20 °C. Thereupon the aqueous liquid was extracted with diethyl ether, once
with 200 ml and thrice with 100 ml. After separation residual water was removed and
the ether of the extract was evaporated under reduced pressure. The white solid residue
was introduced into methanol in the presence of decolourizing carbon and stirred for
4 h at 20 °C. After filtration and evaporation of the methanol a white wax-like substance
was obtained and dried for 12 h at 20 °C.
Yield : 12 g. The silver content defined by titration was 15.53 %, which corresponds
with a conversion from sodium salt into silver salt of 77 %.
[0040] The preparation of silver di-(2-ethylhexyl)-sulphosuccinate may proceed likewise
in an analogous way to the preparation of silver salts of fatty acids described in
US-P 3,700,458.
[0041] Reducing agents acting as developing agents for photo-exposed silver halide in a
thermographic recording material according to the present invention are e.g. hydroquinone
and derivatives thereof which in order to counteract their oxidation by oxygen of
the air are preferably used in an acidic medium. Preferred developing agents withstanding
better aerial oxidation are o-alkyl-substituted phenols, aminophenols and methoxy-naphthol
and derivatives thereof. Examples of suitable o-alkyl-substituted bisphenols as reducing
agents for photothermographic recording materials are described in the published German
Patent Application (DE-OS) 2,321,328 and US-P 3,679,414, 3,589,903 and 3,589,901.
Still other reducing agents for use in photothermographic recording materials are
described in Research Disclosure June 1978, item 17029.
[0042] Other ingredients that are useful in the image-formation on thermal processing are
e.g. substances liberating alkali on heating, so-called alkali-precursors. Representatives
thereof are described in the last mentioned Research Disclosure. Particularly useful
for liberating alkali by thermal decarboxylation is guanidinium trichloroacetate.
Other such precursors are, e.g. urea and the silylamines described in GB-P 1,141,591
yielding ammonia on heating above 80°C and/or co-crystal adducts of bisphenols and
amines as described e.g. in US-P 3, 076,707 liberating an amine on heating.
[0043] Still other useful ingredients are image tone modifiers (toning agents) and chemical
and spectral sensitizers.
[0044] The thermographic recording layer may in order to improve the photographic speed
contain pigments that are n-type photoconductors. Such pigments are, e.g. titanium
dioxide and photoconductive zinc oxide prepared by the reduction of zinc vapour (French
process). The use of zinc oxide in thermographic recording materials is described
e.g. in US-P 3,457,075.
[0045] In order to improve the total and/or spectral sensitivity of the photothermographic
material prepared according to the present invention any suitable chemical and/ spectral
sensitizing agent known in silver halide photography may be used, which agents in
order to come into contact with the silver halide are incorporated into the aqueous
medium in the core of the inverted micelles.
[0046] Toning agents that are preferably used in a thermographic recording material according
to the present invention are phthalazinone derivatives as described e.g. in GB-P 1,420,815.
[0047] For the manufacture of the photothermographic recording materials according to the
present invention the above inverted micelles are incorporated in an appropriate film
forming binder that is soluble in the non polar solvent in which the formation of
the micelles took place. Suitable film forming binding agents that are soluble in
aliphatic or cycloaliphatic hydrocarbon liquids are e.g. : a copolymer of isobutylmethacrylate,
stearylmethacrylate, methacrylic acid (75/24.8/0.2 % by weight), a copolymer of styrene
and dodecyl methacrylate, a copolymer of isobutylmethacrylate, laurylmethacrylate,
methacrylic acid, and a copolymer of vinyltoluene, isobutylmethacrylate, stearylmethacrylate
(60/20/20 % by weight) and low molecular weight polybutene.
[0048] The support used in a photothermographic recording material according to the present
invention may be a paper or resin film support, e.g. of the type described in Research
Disclosure June 1978, item 17029.
[0049] While paper and film supports with glass transition temperature above 190°C are preferred
other materials that can withstand processing temperatures, e.g. in the range of 80
to 150°C, may be used likewise, e.g. glass and metal supports.
[0050] The photothermographic recording layer may be coated with an overcoat layer to make
it less susceptible to finger print marks and scratches that may occur in the heat
processing. Suitable overcoat layers are described likewise in the already mentioned
Research Disclosure wherein also a number of ingredients for colour developing photothermographic
recording materials has been disclosed. Suitable ingredients for the production of
colour images are e.g. colour couplers that will react with oxidized reducing or developing
agent or are leuco dyes that become imagewise oxidized on thermal processing.
[0051] The following examples illustrate the present invention without, however, limiting
it thereto. All ratios and percentages are by weight unless otherwise indicated
EXAMPLE 1
[0052] For the manufacturing of a thermographic recording material according to the present
invention the following compositions A, B, C, and D were prepared.
[0053] Composition A.
0.618 g (0.006 mole) of sodium bromide in 10 ml of distilled water.
[0054] Composition B.
5 g of copolymer of isobutylmethacrylate, stearylmethacrylate, methacrylic acid (75/24.8/0.2
%) dissolved in 50 ml of n-heptane by sonication (ultra-sound treatment).
[0055] Composition C.
0.55 g (0.005 mole) of hydroquinone were dissolved in 10 ml of distilled water.
[0056] Composition D.
6.6 g of silver (di-2-ethylhexyl) sulphosuccinate (prepared as described herein) were
dissolved in 50 ml of composition B by sonication.
[0057] For preparing a photothermographic film 2.5 ml of composition D were added to a sufficient
amount of composition B to obtain a total volume of 5 ml. Thereupon 50 microliter
of composition C were added and mixed by sonication. After that mixing step 130 microliter
of composition A were added and sonication was continued till the obtaining of a white
turbid dispersion. The thus obtained mixture was coated onto a polyethylene terephthalate
support at a wet coating thickness of 200 µm and dried at the atmosphere to remove
the n-heptane.
[0058] The dried photothermographic layer had a total silver compound content corresponding
with 0.88 g of silver per m2, and more particularly contained per m2 0.280 g of AgBr,
3 g of water and 8.3 g of the copolymer of composition C.
[0059] The dried film was exposed during 5 min through a half-tone pattern using 360 nm
light of a UV lamp applied in chromatography, treated for 1 min with ammonia vapour
and heated for 5 min at 100 °C.
[0060] The density (D) obtained in the exposed area was 0.8.
EXAMPLE 2
[0061] Example 1 was repeated with the difference however, that the hydroquinone was replaced
by bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2,2′-propane (bisphenol A).
[0062] In a flask of 5 ml 138 microliter of distilled water and 2.5 ml of composition D
of Example 1 were added to 110 mg of bisphenol A and mixed therewith by sonication.
150 microliter of acetone were added to obtain a clear liquid and thereupon composition
B and 42 microliter of composition A of Example 1 were added while continuing the
sonication to obtain a turbid dispersion.
[0063] The film material was prepared and exposed as described in Example 1.
[0064] The density (D) obtained in the exposed area was 0.510.
[0065] 5.7 mg of the potassium salt of hydroquinone monosulphonic acid were added to 154
microliter of distilled water and thereupon 2.5 ml of composition D of Example 4.
The mixture was sonicated till clear and composition B and 26 microliter of aqueous
sodium bromide (prepared by dissolving 1.5 g of NaBr in 5 ml of distilled water) were
added while continuing sonication. A white turbid mixture was obtained.
[0066] The thus obtained mixture was coated onto a polyethylene terephthalate support at
a wet coating thickness of 200 um and dried at the atmosphere to remove the n-heptane.
[0067] The dried photothermographic layer contained per m2 0.280 g of AgBr, 3 g of water
and 8.3 g of the copolymer of composition C.
[0068] The dried film was exposed as described in Example 1 and treated for 1 min with ammonia
vapour and heated for 5 min at 100 °C.
[0069] The density (D) obtained in the exposed area was 2.5.
EXAMPLE 4
[0070] To 6.1 mg of the potassium salt of hydroquinone monosulphonic acid and 9.6 milligram
of guanidininium trichloroacetate, 154 microliter of distilled water were added to
obtain a solution. Thereto 2.5 ml of composition D of Example 1 were added and the
mixture was sonicated till clear. To the obtained mixture a sufficient amount of composition
B of Example 1 was added to obtain a final volume of 5 ml. Thereupon 26 microliter
of an aqueous 3 molar sodium bromide solution was added and sonication was continued
whereby a turbid dispersion was obtained.
[0071] The thus obtained dispersion was coated onto a polyethylene terephthalate support
at a wet coating thickness of 200 µm and dried at the atmosphere to remove the n-heptane.
[0072] The dried film was exposed for 20 s through a half-tone pattern in a DUPLIPHOT HS
130 (trade name of Agfa-Gevaert N.V. Belgium for a contact-exposure apparatus) operating
with eight 125 Watt mercury vapour lamps emitting UV-radiation. The density (D) built
up in the exposed area was 0.98.
1. A process for the production of a photothermographic material comprising the steps
:
1) producing inverted micelles having a polar core by mixing a surfactant in a non
polar liquid medium in the presence of water being used in a minor amount with respect
to the non polar liquid,
2) allowing to react in the water halide ions with silver ions so as to introduce
in the polar core of said micelles minute amounts of silver halide,
3) forming a film forming photosensitive coating composition by mixing said micelles
in said non polar liquid medium with a film forming polymeric organic binding agent
that is soluble in said liquid medium, said liquid medium comprising a dissolved or
dispersed developing agent for photo-exposed silver halide, and
4) coating said composition onto a support and allowing the non polar liquid to evaporate
leaving a solid photosensitive layer on said support.
2. A process according to claim 1, wherein into the core of said micelles a hydrophilic
colloid is introduced.
3. A process according to claim 1 or 2, wherein said photosensitive layer is applied
in association with a sub coat and/or top coat containing a developing agent capable
of diffusing on heating into the photosensitive layer.
4. A process according to claim 1, wherein for the production of silver halide inside
the core of inverted micelles cationic surfactant having halide counter ions is dispersed
in the presence of a minute amount of water in the non polar solvent to form inverted
micelles and a minor amount of water containing a dissolved silver salt is mixed therewith
and at least partly introduced into the core of said micelles to obtain the formation
of silver halide inside said core.
5. A process according to claim 1, wherein for the production of silver halide inside
the core of inverted micelles anionic surfactant having silver counter ions is dispersed
in the presence of a minute amount of water in the non polar solvent to form inverted
micelles and a minor amount of water containing a dissolved halide salt is mixed therewith
and at least partly introduced into the core of said micelles to obtain the formation
of silver halide inside said core.
6. A process according to any of claims 1 to 3, wherein for the production of silver
halide inside the core of inverted micelles, inverted micelles are formed by dispersing
a surfactant in the presence of a minor amount of water containing a water-soluble
silver salt in the non polar solvent, and a minor amount of water containing a dissolved
halide is mixed therewith whereby at least a part of the aqueous solution of the halide
salt becomes introduced into said cores and the formation of silver halide occurs
inside said cores.
7. A process according to any of claims 1 to 3, wherein for the production of silver
halide inside the core of inverted micelles, inverted micelles are formed by dispersing
a surfactant in the presence of a minor amount of water containing a water-soluble
halide salt in the non polar solvent, and a minor amount of water containing a dissolved
silver salt is mixed therewith whereby the aqueous solution of the silver salt becomes
at least partly introduced into said cores and the formation of silver halide occurs
inside said cores.
8. A process according to any of claims 1 to 3, wherein for the production of silver
halide inside the core of inverted micelles, a first group of inverted micelles is
formed by dispersing a surfactant in the presence of a minor amount of water containing
a water-soluble silver salt in an non polar solvent, a second group of inverted micelles
is formed by dispersing a surfactant in the presence of a minor amount of water containing
a water-soluble halide salt in said non polar solvent, and said both groups of micelles
are mixed so that the aqueous contents of the cores become intermixed and the formation
of silver halide occurs inside said cores.
9. A process according to any of claims 1 to 3, wherein for the production of silver
halide inside the core of inverted micelles inverted micelles are formed by mixing
simultaneously in a non polar liquid medium in the presence of a minor amount of water
a cationic surfactant having an halide ion as counter anion and an anionic surfactant
having a silver ion as counter cation.
10. A process according to any of the claims 1 to 9, wherein in the preparation of
the inverted micelles an anionic surfactant containing silver counter ions is used
in such amounts that it does not only serves for yielding sufficient silver ions in
the formation of minute amounts of photosensitive silver halide inside the cores of
the inverted micelles but also provides the necessary quantity of silver ions for
an image-forming thermal development following an image-wise photo-exposure of the
photothermographic material.
11. A process according to claim 10, wherein as anionic surfactant the silver salt
of di-(2-ethylhexyl)-sulphosuccinic acid is used.
12. A process according to any of the claims 1 to 11, wherein as developing agent
for photo-exposed silver halide in said thermographic recording material hydroquinone
or derivatives thereof or an o-alkyl-substituted phenol, aminophenol, methoxy-naphthol
or derivative thereof is incorporated.
13. A process according to any of the claims 1 to 12, wherein in said thermographic
recording material a substance yielding alkali on heating is incorporated.
14. A process according to any of the claims 1 to 13, wherein in said thermographic
recording material titanium dioxide and/or photoconductive zinc oxide is (are) incorporated.
15. A thermographic recording process, wherein a thermographic recording material
prepared according to any of the claims 1 to 14 is image-wise photo-exposed and overall
heated to develop therein a visible image.
16. A photothermographic recording material comprising minute amounts of photosensitive
silver halide in admixture with a substantially non-lightsensitive organic silver
salt, wherein said material has been prepared according to a process of any of the
claims 1 to 14.