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(11) | EP 0 244 902 A2 |
| (12) | EUROPEAN PATENT APPLICATION |
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| (54) | Aqueous slurry of coal and related preparation processes |
| (57) An aqueous slurry of coal is disclosed, together with the related processes for producing
it, said aqueous coal slurry having a concentration comprised within the range of
from 60 to 80% by weight and containing a polyelectrolyte selected from the monovalent
cation salts of polymerized naphthalenesulphonic acids, the characteristic of such
a slurry consisting in that on the surface of coal, constituted by particles with
a granulometry not greater than 300 µm, a heavy liquid is present, which is obtained
by means of the distillation of pit coal tar, or a fuel oil deriving from mineral
oil, in an amount comprised within the range of from 0.1 to 2% by weight relatively
to same coal. |
[0003] In patent application DE-28 23 568, a process is disclosed for the preparation of an aqueous coal slurry, which comprises a grinding of coal to a size smaller than 100 µm, a beneficiation of ground coal by using an alkaline ammonium polycarboxylic salt endowed with the property of charging the prevailingly organic portion of coal with a higher charge than that of the inorganic portion, a settling, so as to separate, according to as stated in said patent application, said portions, and finally a slurrying of coal, separated from the inorganics, in water. The most striking disadvantages are due both to the fact that coal must be ground to a very fine size, and to the fact that the separation of coal from the inorganic matter results very difficult, in as much as a sharp boundary line between the two phases does not exist.
[0004] In BE-893,247 patent, an aqueous coal slurry is disclosed, which contains two separate groups of coal particles, wherein the particles of the first group have an average size comprised within the range of from 210 to 60 µm, the maximum size being not greater than 300 µm, and the particles of the second group have a size comprised within the range of from 1/6th to 1/20th of those of the first group.
[0006] We have surprisingly found that overcoming the drawbacks of the prior art is possible by using a heavy liquid obtained from the distillation of pit-coal tar, or a fuel oil deriving from mineral oil.
[0007] One of the advantages due to the use of either of the two above-mentioned liquids consists in that the coal surfaces are given a higher affinity for the dispersant additive used for the formulation of the aqueous slurry, with the efficaciousness of this latter being boasted, and the amount thereof being considerably reduced.
[0008] A first object of the present invention is an aqueous coal slurry at a concentration comprised within the range of from 60% to 80% by weight, comprising a polyelectrolyte selected from the monovalent cation salts of the polymerized naphthalenesulphonic acids having a molecular weight comprised within the range of from 800 to 3,000, preferably around 2,000, characterized in that on coal surface, which coal is constituted by particles having a granulometry not greater than 300 µm, a liquid which is obtained by the distillation of pit-coal tar, or a fuel oil derived from mineral oil, is present, in an amount comprised within the range of from 0.1% to 2%, preferably of from 0.2% to 1.2%, by weight, relatively to same coal.
[0009] The presence of either of said liquids on coal surface renders uniform the surface chemical-physical characteristics of different coals, thus rendering efficacious the used dispersant towards coals of even different origin.
[0010] The liquid obtained from the distillation of pit- coal tar is preferably selected from those having a distillation range comprised within 200 and 400°C, more preferably between 250 and 350°C.
[0012] Hereunder to informative purposes a typical composition is reported for creosote oil, as relates to some more characteristic components:
[0013] The fuel oil deriving from mineral oil is selected from those having a viscosity at 50° preferably not lower than 3°E.
[0015] In case of two particle groups, the first group may contain particles having an average granulometry comprised within the range of from 210 to 60 µm, the maximum size being however not greater than 300 µm; the second group can contain particles having an average granulometry comprised within the range of from 1/6th to 1/20th of the average granulometry of the particles of the first group, by "average granulometry of the particles" the granulometry corresponding to 50% of the cumulative mass distribution of that group being meant.
[0016] The particles of the first group should preferably be at least 40% of total, more preferably at least 60% by weight of total particles.
[0017] The cumulative particle distribution curve, by resulting from two fractions (i.e., two distinct groups of coal particles), should show, if reported on a bilogarithmic scale (log-log chart), a flat zone comprised between the values of the average dimensions of component fractions; wherein by "flat zone" a length of the curve is meant, wherein the derivative, computed on a bilogarithmic scale (log-log chart), is lower than 0.4, and preferably lower than or equal to 0.1, and still more preferably equals zero.
[0018] The cumulative granulometric distribution should hence be such that always two particle size values d₁ and d₂, comprised between the average values of the diameters of the two fractions exist, for which the numeric value of the following expression
is lower than 0.4, preferably lower than or equal to 0.1, and, still more preferably, equals 0.
[0019] By "(%CM1)" and "(%CM2)" the values are indicated of the cumulative percentages of the mass of particles, respectively having a size lower than d₁ and d₂.
[0020] The numerical value of the expression is, obviously, independent from the unit of measure (micrometres or millimetres) according to which the particle size is expressed.
[0021] When preparing a slurry is desired, from a coal previously submitted to a beneficiation by agglomeration, the addition of the liquid obtained by means of distillation of pit-coal tar is carried out during the same beneficiation treatment, by performing such a treatment in the presence of a light hydrocarbon of from 4 to 8, preferably from 5 to 6, carbon atoms, said hydrocarbon being flashed off after the agglomeration.
[0023] The Light hydrocarbon is preferably present in a percentage comprised within the range of from 5% to 30% by weight relatively to coal.
[0024] A second object of the present invention is the process for preparation of the aqueous coal slurries.
[0025] In case coal must also be beneficiated, the process comprises a beneficiation by agglomeration in water of a coal having a granulometry not higher than 300 µm with a liquid obtained by means of the distillation of pit-coal tar, or with a fuel oil deriving from mineral oil, in an amount comprised within the range of from 0.2% to 2% by weight relatively to coal, and a light hydrocarbon comprising a number of carbon atoms comprised within the range of from 4 to 8, in an amoung ranging from 5% to 30% by weight relatively to coal, the flashing of the light hydrocarbon, after that the prevailingly organic portion has agglomerated and separated from the aqueous solution in which the inorganic components have remained suspended or dissolved, and, finally, the slurrying in an aqueous solution comprising a polyelectrolyte, as the dispersant, selected from the monovalent cation salts of polymerized naphthalenesulphonic acids having a molecular weight of from 800 to 3,000, preferably around 2,000, the percent amount of the dispersant being comprised within the range of from 0.05 to 0.5% by weight relatively to the weight of the slurry.
[0026] Among said polyelectrolytes there can be used, e.g., the chemical compounds known under the tradename of DAXAD 15 and DAXAD 19 by W.R. Grace, and Reoplast 203 by Fratelli Lamberti S.p.A.
[0027] On the contrary, in case coal has not to be beneficiated, the process comprises the slurrying of a coal having a granulometry not greater than 300 µm, in a solution containing a liquid obtained by means of the distillation of pit-coal tar, or a fuel oil deriving from mineral oil, in an amount comprised between 0,2% and 2% by weight relative to coal, and a light hydrocarbon liquid comprising a number of carbon atoms comprised within the range of from 4 to 8, in an amount comprised within the range of from 50% to 200% by weight relatively to coal, followed by the flashing of the light hydrocarbon and by the formation of an aqueous slurry by means of the addition of a dispersant constituted by a polyelectrolite selected from the monovalent cation salts of polymerized naphthalenesulphonic acids having a molecular weight of from 800 to 3,000, preferably around 2,000, the percent amount of the dispersant being comprised within the range of from 0.05% to 0.5% by weight relatively to the weight of the slurry.
[0028] As relates to the preferred granulometries, the preferred liquids obtained from the distillation of pit-coal tar, the preferred fuel oils deriving from mineral oil, the preferred light oils, and the preferred polyelectrolytes, what above said for the aqueous slurries holds true as well.
[0029] The following Examples are supplied to the purpose of illustrating the invention, which however is not to be considered as being limited to them or by them.
Examples 1-4
[0030] A American bituminous coal (Pittsburgh Nr. 8) was dry-ground; it had the following analytical characteristics:
Immediate Analysis
End Analysis
Heat Value
[0035] The coal having this granulometry was used for preparing the slurries after being coated with a creosote oil film.
[0036] The coating by the creosote oil was achieved by diluting this latter oil in n-hexane, subsequenty adding coal, under stirring, and finally flashing off the solvent.
[0037] The amount of creosote oil added to coal was 0.5% by weight based on dry coal, and the amount of n-hexane was 100% by weight.
[0038] With the used granulometry, samples were then prepared and analysed of water-coal slurries, with a solids concentration of 62% by weight, to which 0.2% 0.3% and 0.5% by weight of DAXAD 15, relatively to the suspension, was added.
Examples 5-8 (Comparison Examples)
[0041] The same American coal (Pittsburgh Nr. 8), with the same granulometry as obtained in the foregoing Examples, was used without any creosote oil for preparing slurry samples to which respectively 0.2% (Example 5), 0.3% (Example 6), 0.4% (Example 7) and 0.5% (Example 8) of DAXAD 15 by weight was added.
[0043] By comparing these results with the previous ones, it can be see from Table 1 how considerable is the effect of the treatment with creosote oil on apparent viscosity values.
[0044] Above all for low additive levels, the reduction in viscosity is very evident (50-60% at DAXAD 15 concentrations of 0.2-0.3% by weight).
[0045] The viscosity value observed at 0.2% of dispersant additive for creosote-treated coal as such is even lower than that obtained with non-treated coal with 0.5% of additive.
Example 9-11
Immediate Analysis
End Analysis
Heat Value
[0050] was partly dry-ground to the following end granulometry:
and the residual portion was micronized by wet-grinding by a laboratory micronizer, to an end granulometric distribution having an average value (d₅₀) of 6.5 µm.
[0051] With this granulometric distribution, obtaining a 66% concentration of coal in the slurry was possible.
[0052] The coal with the above described granulometry underwent a beneficiation treatment by selective agglomeration with n-pentane and creosote oil. Used amount of creosote oil equalled 0.5% by weight relatively to coal.
[0053] The beneficiation step was carried out on a batch equipment having a capacity of 10 litres of slurry, on a coal slurry in water at 20% of solids by weight, by using a concentration of n-hexane of 20% relatively to dry coal.
[0055] At the end of the agglomeration treatment, n-pentane was removed by drying under N₂ in oven at 40°C.
[0056] With the beneficiated product, according to the above disclosed modalities, samples were then prepared and analysed of coal-water slurries with solids concentration of 66% by weight and to which 0.2%, 0.3% amd 0.5% of weight of DAXAD relatively to the suspension was added.
Examples 12-14 (Comparison Examples)
[0058] The same Polish coal of Examples 9-11, with the same bimodal granulometry was beneficiated with n-pentane alone, without using any creosote oil, in the same equipment and with the same modalities as of the above Examples.
[0060] As it can be observed from Table 2, the presence of creosote oil in the agglomeration step led to an increase in yield, with the product quality being the same (from 85.8% to 90.7% by weight), i.e., an increase of 5 percent points in energy recovery (from 90.9% to 96.0%).
[0061] Furthermore, the induction times of the agglomeration phenomenon, i.e., the times necessary for agglomeration to begin, resulted sharply shorter: from the 15-minute time of the test with n-pentane only, a decrease to the 8-minute time of the test with n-pentane plus creosote oil as the agglomerating agent were obtained, with obvious advantages from the viewpoint of process economy.
[0062] At the end of the agglomeration process, n-pentane was removed by oven-drying under N₂ at 40°C.
[0063] With the beneficiated product, samples were then prepared and analysed of coal-water slurries with a solids concentration of 66% by weight, and to which 0.2% (Example 12), 0.3% (Example 13) and 0.4% (Example 14) by weight of DAXAD 15, based on slurry was added.
[0065] It can be observed from Table 3 that the slurries obtained with beneficiated coal plus pentane plus creosote oil show a lower viscosity than those obtained from coal beneficiated with pentane only.
Examples 15-17 (Comparison Examples)
[0066] The same Polish coal as of Example 9-11, with the same bimodal granulometry, not beneficiated, and without creosote oil, was used to prepare slurries to which 0.2% (Example 15), 0.3% (Example 16) and 0.5% by weight (Example 17) of DAXAD had been added.
1. Aqueous coal slurry at a concentration comprised within the range of from 60% to
80% by weight, comprising a polyelectrolyte selected from the monovalent cation salts
of the polymerized naphthalenesulphonic acids having a molecular weight comprised
within the range of from 800 to 3,000, preferably around 2,000, characterized in that
on the surface of coal, which is constituted by particles having a granulometry not
greater than 300 µm, a liquid, which is obtained by the distillation of pit-coal
tar, or a fuel oil derived from mineral oil, is present in an amount comprised within
the range of from 0.1% to 2% by weight, relatively to same coal.
2. Aqueous coal slurry according to claim 1, wherein the liquid obtained by means
of pit-coal tar distillation, or the fuel oil derived from mineral oil is in an amount
comprised within the range of from 0.2% to 1.2% by weight relatively to coal.
3. Aqueous coal slurry according to clam 1, wherein the liquid obtained by means of
the pit-coal distillation has a distillation range comprised between 200 and 400°C.
4. Aqueous coal slurry according to claim 3, wherein the liquid obtained by means
of the pit-coal tar distillation has a distillation range comprised between 250°C
and 350°C.
5. Aqueous coal slurry according to claim 4, wherein the liquid obtained by means
of the pit-coal tar distillation is creosote oil.
6. Aqueous coal slurry according to claim 1, wherein the fuel oil derived from mineral
oil has a viscosity at 50°C not lower than 3°E.
7. Aqueous coal slurry of coal according to claim 1, wherein coal is constituted by
two groups of particles, wherein the particles of the first group have average granulometries
comprised within the range of from 210 to 60 µm, with their largest dimensions not
exceeding 300 µm, and those of the second group have average granulometries comprised
within the range of from 1/6th to 1/20th of those of the first group.
8. Aqueous coal slurry according to claim 1, wherein the liquid obtained by means
of the pit-coal tar distillation is added during the beneficiation of coal by agglomeration
carried out in the presence of a light hydrocarbon containing a number of carbon atoms
comprised within the range of from 4 to 8, said hydrocarbon being flashed off after
the agglomeration.
9. Aqueous coal slurry according to claim 8, wherein the light hydrocarbon contains
a number of carbon atoms comprised within the range of from 5 to 6.
10. Aqueous coal slurry according to claim 9, wherein the light hydrocarbon is n-pentane.
11. Aqueous coal slurry according to claim 9, wherein the light hydrocarbon is n-hexane.
12. Aqueous coal slurry according to claim 8, wherein the light hydrocarbon for carrying
out the beneficiation by agglomeration is present in a percentage comprised within
the range of from 5 to 30% by weight relatively to coal.
13. Process for preparing an aqueous coal slurry according to one or more of the preceding
claims, comprising a beneficiation by agglomeration in water of a coal having a granulometry
not greater than 300 µm with a liquid obtained by the distillation of pit-coal tar,
in an amount comprised within the range of from 0.1 to 2% by weight relatively to
coal, and a light hydrocarbon containing a number of carbon atoms comprised within
the range of from 4 to 8, in an amount ranging from 5 to 30% by weight relatively
to coal, the flashing of the light hydrocarbon, after that the prevailingly organic
portion has agglomerated and separated from the aqueous solution in which the inorganic
components have remained suspended or dissolved, characterized in that the beneficiated
coal is dispersed in an aqueous solution comprising a polyelectrolyte, as the dispersant
agent, selected from the monovalent cation salts of polymerized naphthalenesulphonic
acids having a molecular weight of from 800 to 3,000, preferably around 2,000, the
percent amount of the dispersant being comprised within the range of from 0.05 to
0.5% by weight relatively to the weight of the slurry.
14. Process for preparing an aqueous coal slurry according to one or more of the preceding
claims, characterized in that it comprises the slurrying of a coal having a granulometry
not greater than 300 µm, in a solution containing a liquid obtained by the distillation
of pit-coal tar, in an amount comprised within the range of from 0.1 to 2% by weight
relatively to coal, and a light hydrocarbon liquid comprising a number of carbon atoms
comprised within the range of from 4 to 8, in an amount comprised within the range
of from 50 to 200% by weight relatively to coal, followed by the flashing of the light
hydrocarbon and by the formation of an aqueous slurry by means of the addition of
a dispersant constituted by a polyelectrolyte selected from among the monovalent cation
salts of polymerized naphthalenesulphonic acids having a molecular weight of from
800 to 3,000, preferably around 2,000, the percent amount of the dispersant being
comprised within the range of from 0.05% to 0.5% by weight relatively to the weight
of the slurry.