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EP 0 134 063 B1 |
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EUROPEAN PATENT SPECIFICATION |
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Mention of the grant of the patent: |
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16.12.1987 Bulletin 1987/51 |
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Date of filing: 14.02.1984 |
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International Patent Classification (IPC)4: C10M 169/06 |
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Grease composition
Schmierfett-Zusammensetzung
Composition de graisse
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Designated Contracting States: |
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AT BE CH DE FR GB IT LI LU NL SE |
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Priority: |
03.08.1983 US 519878
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Date of publication of application: |
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13.03.1985 Bulletin 1985/11 |
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Applicant: MOBIL OIL CORPORATION |
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New York
New York 10017 (US) |
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Inventors: |
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- Horodysky, Andrew Gene
Cherry Hill, NJ 08003 (US)
- Keller, John Antone, Jr.
Pitman, NJ 08071 (US)
- Doner, John Phillips
Sewell, NJ 08080 (US)
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(74) |
Representative: Cooper, John Anthony et al |
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Mobil Court
3 Clements Inn London WC2A 2EB London WC2A 2EB (GB) |
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Note: Within nine months from the publication of the mention of the grant of the European
patent, any person may give notice to the European Patent Office of opposition to
the European patent
granted. Notice of opposition shall be filed in a written reasoned statement. It shall
not be deemed to
have been filed until the opposition fee has been paid. (Art. 99(1) European Patent
Convention).
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[0001] The invention is concerned with a novel group of compositions. It more particularly
relates to a synergistic grease composition comprising grease, metal hydroxy-containing
soap thickener, borated epoxide and phosphorus and sulfur moieties.
[0002] U.S. Patent No. 4,410,438 relates to lubricant compositions, including greases, comprising
borated epoxides in which boron is present in excess. Also, certain other forms of
epoxides have been used in lubricants. For example, U.S. 4,244,829 describes the use
of epoxidized fatty acid esters as lubricity agents in lubricating oils.
[0003] In accordance with the invention, there is provided a grease composition consisting
essentially of (1) a major amount of a grease and at least about 15% by weight of
a hydroxyl-containing soap thickener (2) from 0.01% to 10% by weight of a reaction
product made by reacting an epoxide of the formula
wherein R, R', R
2 and R
3 are hydrogen or a hydrocarbyl group containing from 8 to 30 carbon atoms at least
1 of which is hydrocarbyl, with at least a molar amount of a boron compound selected
from boric acid, boric oxide and an alkyl borate of the formula
wherein x is 1 to 3, y is 0 to 2, their sum being 3, and R
4 is an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms and (3) from about 0.01% to about 10%
by weight of a phosphorus and sulfur compound or a mixture of phosphorus-containing
and sulfur-containing compounds to supply a like amount of phosphorus and sulfur.
[0004] Preferably the borated product contains more than a stiochiometric amount of boron.
[0005] The borated epoxides of the invention can be made by reacting an epoxide with boron
compound, such as boric oxide, boric acid or an alkyl borate, or mixtures thereof.
The resulting products are primarily monoborate esters, but other possible products
present are the products of reaction between epoxide dimers, or higher oligomers,
and a boron compound to form the corresponding borate esters. Included within the
scope of the epoxides as set forth above, are 1,2-epoxyoctane, 1,2-epoxydecane, 1,2-epoxydodecane,
1,2-epoxytetradecane, 1,2-epoxypentadecane, 1,2-epoxyhexadecane, 1,2-epoxyheptadecane,
1,2-epoxyoctadecane, 1,2-epoxyeicosane and mixtures of such epoxides, as well as mixtures
of other epoxides. These include epoxides of mixtures of C
22 to C
30 olefins and of mixtures of C
24 to C
28 olefins. Also included are epoxides from dimers of octene, dimers of decene, dimers
of mixed octene and decene, epoxides from decene trimers and the like. Hydrocarbyl
is meant to include alkyl, aryl, cycloalkyl or cycloalkenyl groups containing from
8 to 30 carbon atoms, preferably 10 to 22 carbon atoms. Preferably, hydrocarbyl is
an alkyl group.
[0006] As noted hereinabove, the boron compound used is boric acid, boric oxide or an alkyl
borate, preferably boric acid. The alkyl borates include the mono-, di- and trialkyl
borates, such as the mono-, di-and triethyl borates.
[0007] The reaction to form the borate ester can be carried out at from 80°C to 260°C, preferably
from 110°C to 180°C. The temperature chosen will depend for the most part on the particular
reactants and on whether or not a solvent is used. In carrying out this reaction,
it is preferable that quantities of reactants be chosen such that the molar ratio
of epoxide to boron compound be from 0.2 to 1, preferably from 0.5 to 0.9. The epoxide
can be reacted with an excess of the borating species to form a borate ester containing
from 0.1 % by weight of boron to more than 10% of boron.
[0008] While atmospheric pressure is generally preferred, the reaction can be advantageously
run at from 100 to 500 kPa (1 to 5 atmospheres). Furthermore, where conditions warrant
it, a solvent may be used. In general, any relatively non-polar, unreactive solvent
can be used, including benzene, toluene, xylene and 1,4-dioxane. Other hydrocarbon
and alcoholic soluents, which include propanol and butanol can be used. Mixtures of
alcoholic and hydrocarbon solvents can be used also.
[0009] The times for the reactions are not critical. Thus, any phase of the process can
be carried out in from 1 to 20 hours.
[0010] A narrow class of thickening agents is preferred to make the grease of this invention.
Included among the preferred thickening agents are those containing at least a portion
of alkali and alkaline earth metal soaps of hydroxyl-containing fatty acids, fatty
glycerides and fatty esters having from 12 to about 30 carbon atoms per molecule.
The metals are typified by sodium, lithium, calcium and barium. Preferred is lithium.
Preferred members among these acids and fatty materials are 12-hydroxystearic acid
and glycerides containing 12-hydroxystearates.
[0011] The entire amount of thickener need not be derived from the aforementioned preferred
members. Significant benefit can be attained using as little thereof as about 15%
by weight of the total thickener. A complementary amount, such as up to about 85%
by weight of a wide variety of thickening agents, can be used in the grease of this
invention. Included among the other useful thickening agents are alkali and alkaline
earth metal soaps of methyl-1 2-hydroxystea rate, diesters of a C
4 to C
12 dicarboxylic acid and tall oil fatty acids. Other alkali or alkaline earth metal
fatty acids containing from 12 to 30 carbon atoms and no free hydroxyl may be used.
These include soaps of stearic and oleic acids.
[0012] Other thickening agents include salt and salt-soap complexes as calcium stearate-acetate
(U.S. Patent No. 2,197,263), barium stearate acetate (U.S. Patent No. 2,564,561),
calcium, stearate-caprylate-acetate complexes (U.S. Patent No. 2,999,065), calcium
caprylate-acetate (U.S. Patent No. 2,999,066), and calcium salts and soaps of low-,
intermediate- and high-molecular weight acids and of nut oil acids.
[0013] Another group of thickening agents comprises substituted ureas, phthalocyamines,
indanthrene, pigments such as perylimides, pyromellitdiimides, and ammeline, as well
as certain hydrophobic clays. These thickening agents can be prepared from clays which
are initially hydrophilic in character, but which have been converted into a hydrophobic
condition by the introduction of long-chain hydrocarbon radicals into the surface
of the clay particles prior to their use as a component of a grease composition, as,
for example, by being subjected to a preliminary treatment with an organic cationic
surface active agent, such as an onium compound. Typical onium compounds are tetraalkylammonium
chlorides, such as dimethyl dioctadecyl ammonium chloride, dimethyl dibenzyl ammonium
chloride and mixtures thereof. This method of conversion, being well known to those
skilled in the art, is believed to require no further discussion.
[0014] The third member(s) of the grease composition of the instant invention are the phosphorus
and sulfur moieties. Both of these can be present in the same molecule, such as in
a metal or non-metal phosphorothioate or phosphorodithioate of the formula
wherein R
5 is a hydrocarbyl group containing 3 to 18 carbon atoms, M is a metal or non-metal,
n is the valence of M and X is oxygen or sulfur.
[0015] In this compound, R
5 is preferably an alkyl group and may be a propyl, butyl, pentyl, hexyl, octyl, decyl,
dodecyl, tetradecyl, octadecyl or oleyl group, including those derived from isopropanol,
butanol, isobutanol, sec-butanol, 4-methyl-2-pentanol, 2-ethylhexanol, oleyl alcohol,
and mixtures thereof. Further included are alkaryl groups such as butylphenyl, octylphenyl,
nonylphenyl and dodecylphenyl groups.
[0016] The metals covered by M include those in Groups IA, IIA, IIB and VIII of the Periodic
Table. Some that may be mentioned are lithium, sodium, calcium, zinc, cadmium, silver
and gold. Non-metallic ions include organic groups derived from vinyl esters such
as vinyl acetate, vinyl ethers such as butyl vinyl ether and epoxides such as propylene
oxide and 1,2-epoxydodecane.
[0017] The phosphorus and sulfur can also be supplied from the combination of two separate
compounds, such as the combination of (1) a dihydrocarbyl phosphite having 2 to 10
carbon atoms in each hydrocarbyl group or mixtures of phosphites and (2) a sulfide
such as sulfurized isobutylene, dibenzyl disulfide, sulfurized terpenes, phosphorodithionyl
disulfide and sulfurized jojoba oil. The phosphites embrace the dibutyl, dihexyl,
dioctyl and didecyl phosphites and mixtures thereof. Phosphate esters containing 4
to 20 carbon atoms in each hydrocarbyl group, such as tributyl phosphate, tridecyl
phosphate, tricresyl phosphate and mixtures of such phosphates, can also be used.
[0018] In summary, it is critical to the practice of this invention, in which greases having
vastly improved dropping points are obtained, that all three of the above-mentioned
ingredients be formulated into the composition. Thus:
first, with respect to the preparation of the grease, the thickener must have at least
about 15% by weight of a metal or non-metal hydroxyl-containing soap therein;
second, there must be added to the grease from 0.01% to 10% by weight, preferably
0.1 % to 2%, of a borated epoxide, in which the borated epoxide has been reacted with
at least an equimolar amount of boron; and
third, the composition must have therein from 0.01 % to about 10% by weight preferably,
from 0.2% to 2% by weight of phosphorus- and sulfur-containing compounds or a mixture
of two or more compounds which separately supply the phosphorus and sulfur moieties.
If separate compounds are used, an amount of the mixture equivalent to the above concentration
levels is used to supply equimolar amounts of phosphorus and sulfur.
[0019] In general, the reaction products of the present invention may be employed in any
amount which is effective for imparting the desired degree of friction reduction,
antiwear activity, antioxidant activity, high temperature stability or antirust activity.
In many applications, however, the berated epoxide and the phosphorus- and/or sulfur-containing
compound(s) are effectively employed in combined amounts from 0.02% to 20% by weight,
and preferably from 0.2% to 4% of the total weight of the composition.
[0020] The greases of the present invention can be made from either a mineral oil or a synthetic
oil, or mixtures thereof. In general, mineral oils, both paraffinic, naphthenic and
mixtures thereof, may be of any suitable lubricating viscosity range, as for example,
from 5.7 to 1300 mm
2/s at 38°C (45 SSU at 100°F to 6000 SSU at 100°F), and preferably from 7.4 to 54 mm
2/s at 99°C (50 to 250 SSU at 210°F). These oils may have viscosity indexes ranging
to 100 or higher. Viscosity indexes from 70 to 95 are preferred. The average molecular
weights of these oils may range from 250 to 800. In making the grease, the lubricating
oil from which it is prepared is generally employed in an amount sufficient to balance
the total grease composition, after accounting for the desired quantity of the thickening
agent, and other additive components to be included in the grease formulation.
[0021] In instances where synthetic oils are desired, in preference to mineral oils, various
compounds of this type may be successfully utilized. Typical synthetic vehicles include
polyisobutylene, polybutenes, hydrogenated polydecenes, polypropylene glycol, polyethylene
glycol, trimethylol propane esters, neopentyl and pentaerythritol esters, di(2-ethylhexyl)
sebacate, di(2-ethylhexyl) adipate, dibutyl phthalate, fluorocarbons, silicate esters,
silanes, esters of phosphorus-containing acids, liquid ureas, ferrocene derivatives,
hydrogenated synthetic oils, chain-type polyphenyls, siloxanes and silicones (polysiloxanes),
alkyl-substituted diphenyl ethers typified by a butyl-substituted bis(p-phenoxy phenyl)
ether, phenoxy phenylethers.
Example 1
Borated 1,2-epoxyhexadecane
[0022] Approximately 1440 g of 1,2-epoxyhexadecane (obtained commercially from Union Carbide),
500 g of toluene and 500 g of boric acid were charged to a 5 liter glass reactor equipped
with heater agitator and Dean-Stark tube with condenser. The contents were heated
up to 144°C with agitation until water evolution stopped. This took place over a period
of about 10 hours. The solvent was removed by vacuum distillation at about 160°C,
and the product was filtered at about 120°C through diatomaceous earth to yield a
clear amber fluid as an amber waxy fluid upon cooling.
Example 2
[0023] A lithium hydroxystearate grease thickener was prepared by saponification of 12-hydroxystearic
acid (8%) and glyceride (9%) with lithium hydroxide monohydrate (2.5%) in a mineral
oil vehicle (about 76%) at about 177°C and final pressure of about 860 kPa (110 psig)
in a closed contactor. All percentages were percentages by weight of the total weight
of the thickener.
Example 3
[0024] After dehydrating the thickener in an open kettle, 1.4% by weight of a boron ester
was added to the grease concentrate. The boron-containing ester was prepared by placing
1440 g of 1,2-epoxyhexadecane, 500 g of toluene and 500 g of boric acid in a glass
reactor equipped with heater, agitator and Dean-Stark tube with condenser. The reaction
mixture was heated up to 144°C until water evolution as a result of azeotropic distillation
ceased. The solvent was removed by vacuum distillation and the crude borate ester
was filtered through diatomaceous earth to form a clear amber fluid which became waxy
after cooling.
[0025] After the above boron additive was introduced into the grease concentrate thickener,
moderate heat was applied and sufficient oil was then added to reduce the thickener
content to about 9.0% and consequently the boron additive content to 1 %. The boron
content of the resulting grease was approximately 0.04% by weight. After cooling to
99°C, antioxidant, antirust, extreme pressure and antiwear additives including 1.5%
zinc dialkyl phosphorodithioate, the alkyl groups being derived from a mixture of
C
3 secondary and C
6 primary alcohols, were incorporated in the grease. Results obtained in the ASTM D2265-78
grease dropping point test are shown in the following table.
[0026] The dropping point of the dehydrated thickener without borated epoxide was 199°C.
Adding 1.4 wt.% of borated epoxide to the thickener increased the dropping point to
257°C. After the normal grease additive package was added to produce a finished grease,
the dropping point increased further to 307°C. The dropping point of an identical,
fully formulated finished grease with metallic dithiophosphate but without the borated
epoxide was 193°C.
1. A grease composition consisting essentially of (1) a major amount of a grease and
at least about 15% by weight of a hydroxyl-containing soap thickener (2) from 0.01%
to 10% by weight of a reaction product made by reacting an epoxide of the formula
wherein R, R', R
Z and R
3 are hydrogen or a hydrocarbyl group containing from 8 to 30 carbon atoms at least
1 of which is hydrocarbyl, with at least a molar amount of a boron compound selected
from boric acid, boric oxide and an alkyl borate of the formula
wherein x is 1 to 3, y is 0 to 2, their sum being 3, and R
4 is an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms and (3) from about 0.01% to about 10%
by weight of a phosphorus and sulfur compound or a mixture of phosphorus-containing
and sulfur-containing compounds to supply a like amount of phosphorus and sulfur.
2. The composition of Claim 1 wherein the thickener is an alkali metal or an alkaline
earth metal soap of a hydroxyl-containing fatty acid, fatty glyceride or fatty ester
containing 12 to 30 carbon atoms.
3. The composition of Claim 2 wherein the metal is sodium, lithium, calcium or barium.
4. The composition of Claim 2 wherein the thickener is derived from 12-hydroxystearic
acid.
5. The composition of Claim 1, wherein the epoxide is 1,2-epoxyoctane, 1,2-epoxydecane,
1,2-epoxydodecane, 1,2-epoxytetradecane, 1,2-epoxypentadecane, 1,2-epoxyhexadecane,
1,2-epoxyoctadecane, 1,2-epoxyeicosane, epoxides of mixtures of C22 to C30 olefins, epoxides of mixtures of C24 to C28 olefins, epoxides from decene trimers or epoxides from: dimers of octene;
dimers of decene; or dimers of mixed octene and decene.
6. The composition of Claim 1 wherein the phosphorus and sulfur moieties are supplied
by a phosphorothioate or phosphorodithioate of the formula
wherein R
5 is a hydrocarbyl group containing 3 to 18 carbon atoms, M is a metal or non-metal,
n is the valence of M and X is oxygen or sulfur.
7. The composition of Claim 6 wherein R5 is an alkyl group.
8. The composition of Claim 7 wherein R5 is a propyl, butyl, pentyl, hexyl, octyl, decyl, dodecyl, tetradecyl, octadecyl or
oleyl group or mixtures thereof.
9. The composition of Claim 8 wherein R5 is derived from isopropanol, butanol, isobutanol, sec-butanol, 4-methyl-2-pentanol,
2-ethylhexanol or mixtures thereof.
10. The composition of Claim 6 wherein M is a metal from Group IA, IIA, IIB or VIII
of the Periodic Table.
11. The composition of Claim 10 wherein the metal is lithium, sodium, calcium, zinc,
cadmium or gold.
12. The composition of Claim 6 wherein M is derived from vinyl acetate, butyl vinyl
ether, propylene oxide or 1,2-epoxydodecane.
13. The composition of Claim 1 wherein the phosphorus and sulfur moieties are supplied
by a combination of (1) a dihydrocarbyl phosphite having 2 to 10 carbon atoms in each
hydrocarbyl group, mixtures of such phosphites, or a phosphate ester having 4 to 20
carbon atoms in each hydrocarbyl group and (2) a sulfide selected from sulfurized
isobutylene, dibenzyl disulfide, sulfurized terpenes, phosphorodithionyl disulfide
and sulfurized jojoba oil.
14. The composition of Claim 13 wherein the phosphite is a dibutyl, dihexyl, dioctyl
or didecyl phosphite or mixtures thereof.
15. The composition of Claim 13 wherein the phosphate ester is a tributyl, tridecyl
or tricresyl phosphate or mixtures thereof.
16. The composition of Claim 13 wherein the epoxide is 1,2-epoxyhexadecane, the boron
compound is boric acid and the phosphorus- and sulfur-containing compound is zinc
dialkyl phosphorodithioate wherein the alkyl groups are derived from mixed C3 secondary and C6 primary alcohols.
17. The composition of Claim 1 wherein the grease vehicle is a mineral oil, synthetic
oil or mixtures thereof.
1. Fettzusammensetzung bestehend im wesentlichen aus (1) einer größeren Menge eines
Fetts und mindestens etwa 15 Gew.-% eines hydroxylgruppenhaltigen Seifenverdickers
(2) aus 0,01 bis 10 Gew.-% eines Reaktionsproduktes, das erhalten wurde durch Reaktion
eines Epoxids der Formel
in der R, R', R
2 und R
3 jeweils ein Wasserstoffatom oder einen Kohlenwasserstoffrest mit 8 bis 30 Kohlenstoffatomen
bedeuten, von denen mindestens einer ein Kohlenwasserstoffrest ist, mit mindestens
einer molaren Menge einer Borverbindung, ausgewählt aus Borsäure, Boroxid und einem
Alkylborat der Formel
in der x eine Zahl von 1 bis 3 und y eine Zahl von 0 bis 2 bedeuten, die Summe von
x und y die Zahl 3 ist und R
4 einen Alkylrest mit 1 bis 6 Kohlenstoffatomen darstellt und (3) aus ca. 0,01 bis
ca. 10 Gew.-% einer Phosphor- und Schwefelverbindung oder einer Mischung phosphor-
und schwefelhaltiger Verbindungen zur Bereitstellung entsprechender Mengen an Phosphor
und Schwefel.
2. Zusammensetzung nach Anspruch 1, worin der Verdicker eine Alkali- oder Erdalkalimetallseife
einer hydroxylgruppenhaltigen Fettsäure, eines Fettsäureglycerids oder eines Fettsäureesters
mit 12 bis 30 Kohlenstoffatomen ist.
3. Zusammensetzung nach Anspruch 2, worin das Metall Natrium, Lithium, Calcium oder
Barium ist.
4. Zusammensetzung nach Anspruch 2, worin der Verdicker sich von 12-Hydroxystearinsäure
ableitet.
5. Zusammensetzung nach Anspruch 1, worin das Epoxid 1,2-Epoxyoctan, 1,2-Epoxydecan,
1,2-Epoxydodecan, 1,2-Epoxytetradecan, 1,2-Epoxypentadecan, 1,2-Epoxyhexadecan, 1,2-Epoxyoctadecan,
1,2-Epoxyeicosan, Epoxide aus Mischungen von C22- bis Cao-Olefinen, Epoxide aus Mischungen von C24- bis C28-Olefinen, Epoxide von Decentrimeren oder Epoxide von Dimeren des Octens, Dimeren
des Decens oder Dimeren eines Octen-Decen-Gemisches ist.
6. Zusammensetzung nach Anspruch 1, worin die Phosphor- und Schwefelgruppen durch
ein Phosphorthioat oder ein Phosphorodithioat der Formel
bereitgestellt werden, in der R
5 einen Kohlenwasserstoffrest mit 3 bis 18 Kohlenstoffatomen, M ein Metall oder Nichtmetall,
n die Wertigkeit von M und X Sauerstoff oder Schwefel bedeuten.
7. Zusammensetzung nach Anspruch 6, worin R5 einen Alkylrest bedeutet.
8. Zusammensetzung nach Anspruch 7, worin R5 eine Propyl-, Butyl-, Pentyl-, Hexyl-, Octyl-, Decyl-, Dodecyl-, Tetradecyl-, Octadecyl-
oder Oleylgruppe oder Mischungen davon bedeuten.
9. Zusammensetzung nach Anspruch 8, worin R5 von Isopropanol, Butanol, Isobutanol, sek.-Butanol, i 4-Methyl-2-pentanol, 2-Ethylhexanol
oder Mischungen davon abgeleitet ist.
10. Zusammensetzung nach Anspruch 6, worin M ein Metall aus der Gruppe IA, IIA, IIB
oder VIII des Periodensystems bedeutet.
11. Zusammensetzung nach Anspruch 10, worin das Metall Lithium, Natrium, Calcium,
Zink, Cadmium oder Gold ist.
12. Zusammensetzung nach Anspruch 6, worin M von Vinylacetat, Butylvinylether, Propylenoxid
oder 1,2-Epoxydodecan abgeleitet ist.
13. Zusammensetzung nach Anspruch 1, worin die Phosphor- und Schwefelgruppen durch
eine Kombination von (1) einem Dikohlenwasserstoffphosphit mit 2 bis 10 Kohlenstoffatomen
in jedem Kohlenwasserstoffrest, Mischungen solcher Phosphite oder einem Phosphatester
mit 4 bis 20 Kohlenstoffatomen in jedem Kohlenwasserstoffrest und (2) einem Sulfid,
ausgewählt aus sulfuriertem Isobutylen, Dibenzyldisulfid, sulfurierten Terpenen, Phosphordithionyldisulfid
und sulfuriertem Jojobaöl, bereitgestellt werden.
14. Zusammensetzung nach Anspruch 13, worin das Phosphit Dibutyl-, Dihexyl-, Dioctyl-
oder Didecylphosphit oder Mischungen davon ist.
15. Zusammensetzung nach Anspruch 13, worin der Phosphatester Tributyl-, Tridecyl-
oder Tricresylphosphatester oder Mischungen davon ist.
16. Zusammensetzung nach Anspruch 13, worin das Epoxid 1,2-Epoxyhexadecan, die Borverbindung
Borsäure und die phosphor- und schwefelhaltige Verbindung ein Zinkdialkylphosphordithioat,
in dem die Alkylreste von sekundären C3- und primären Cs-Alkoholen abgeleitet sind, darstellt.
17. Zusammensetzung nach Anspruch 1, worin der Fettträger ein Mineralöl, ein synthetisches
Öl oder Mischungen davon ist.
1. Composition de graisse consistant essentiellement: en (1) une grande quantité d'une
graisse et au moins environ 15% en poids d'un épaississant du type savon hydroxylé;
(2) de 0,01 à 10% en poids d'un produit de réaction préparé par réaction d'un époxyde
de formule
dans laquelle R, R', R
Z et R
3 sont chacun l'hydrogène ou un groupe hydrocarbyle en C
8―C
30 et dont l'un au moins est un groupe hydrocarbyle, avec au moins une quantité molaire
d'un composé de bore choisi parmi l'acide borique, l'oxyde borique et un borate d'alkyle
de formule
dans laquelle x est de 1 à 3, y est de 0 à 2, leur somme étant 3, et R
4 est un groupe alkyle en C
1―C
6; et (3) d'environ 0,01 à environ 10% en poids d'un composé de phosphore et de soufre
ou d'un mélange de composés phosphorés et soufrés pour fournir une quantité semblable
de phosphore et de soufre.
2. Composition selon la revendication 1, dans laquelle l'épaississant est un savon
de métal alcalin ou de métal alcalino-terreux d'un acide gras hydroxylé, d'un glycéride
gras ou d'un ester gras contenant 12 à 30 atomes de carbone.
3. Composition selon la revendication 2, dans laquelle le métal est le sodium, le
lithium, le calcium ou le baryum.
4. Composition selon la revendication 2, dans laquelle l'épaississant dérive de l'acide
12-hydroxy- stéarique.
5. Composition selon la revendication 1, dans laquelle l'époxyde est le 1,2-époxyoctane,
le 1,2-époxydécane, le 1,2-époxydodécane, le 1,2-époxytétradécane, le 1,2-époxypentadécane,
le 1,2-époxyhexadécane, le 1,2-époxyoctadécane, le 1,2-époxyeicosane, les époxydes
de mélanges d'oléfines en C22―C30, les époxydes de mélanges d'oléfines en C24―C28, les époxydes de trimères de décène ou les époxydes de dimères d'octène ou de dimères
de décène ou de dimères mixtes d'octène et de décène.
6. Composition selon la revendication 1, dans laquelle les restes phosphorés et soufrés
sont fournis par un phosphorothioate ou un phosphorodithioate de formule
dans laquelle R
S est un groupe hydrocarbyle en C
3―C
18, M est un métal ou un reste non métallique, n est la valence de M et X est l'oxygène
ou le soufre.
7. Composition selon la revendication 6, dans laquelle RS est un groupe alkyle.
8. Composition selon la revendication 7, dans laquelle RS est un groupe propyle, butyle, pentyle, hexyle, octyle, décyle, dodécyle, tétradécyle,
octadécyle ou oléyle ou leurs mélanges.
9. Compositions selon la revendication 8, dans laquelle RS dérive de l'isopropanol, du butanol, de l'isobutanol, du sec-butanol, du 4-méthyl-2-pentanol,
du 2-éthylhexanol ou de leurs mélanges.
10. Composition selon la revendication 6, dans laquelle M est un métal du groupe IA,
IIA, IIB ou VIII de la Classification Périodique.
11. Composition selon la revendication 10, dans laquelle le métal est le lithium,
le sodium, calcium, le zinc, le cadmium ou l'or.
12. Composition selon la revendication 6, dans laquelle M dérive de l'acétate de vinyle,
de l'éther butyl-vinylique, de l'oxyde de propylène ou du 1,2-époxydodécane.
13. Composition selon la revendication 1, dans laquelle les restes phosphorés et soufrés
sont fournis par une combinaison de (1) un phosphite de dihydrocarbyle ayant de 2
à 10 atomes de carbone dans chaque groupe hydrocarbyle, des mélanges de ces phosphites
ou un phosphate d'hydrocarbyle ayant de 4 à 20 atomes de carbone dans chaque groupe
hydrocarbyle et (2) un sulfure choisi parmi l'isobutylène sulfuré, le disulfure de
dibenzyle, les terpènes sulfurés, le disulfure de phosphorodithionyle et l'huile de
jujube sulfurée.
14. Composition selon la revendication 13, dans laquelle le phosphite est un phosphite
de dibutyle, de dihexyle, de dioctyle ou de didécyle ou leurs mélanges.
15. Composition selon la revendication 13, dans laquelle l'ester phosphorique est
le phosphate de tributyle, de tridécyle ou de tricrésyle ou leurs mélanges.
16. Composition selon la revendication 13, dans laquelle l'époxyde est le 1,2-époxyhexadécane,
le composé de bore est l'acide borique et le composé contenant du phosphore et du
soufre est un dialkylphosphorodithioate de zinc dans lequel les groupes alkyles dérivent
d'un mélange d'alcools secondaire en C3 et primaire en Cs.
17. Composition selon la revendication 1, dans laquelle le véhicule de la graisse
est une huile minérale, une huile synthétique ou leurs mélanges. '