BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
1. Field of the Invention
[0001] This invention relates generally to timing signal generator circuits and more specifically
to such circuits in which the timing signals are also used to control the regulation
of a supply voltage. The invention particularly relates to a circuit in which signals
generated by a timing signal generator are used to automatically control the activation
of loads which are used to regulate a supply voltage.
2. Statement of Related Art
[0002] Many digital logic circuits in use today require a source of multiphasic timing
signals for their operation. It is known that ring oscillators and delay lines are
inexpensive sources of such timing signals and accordingly these timing signal generators
have found widespread use in both discrete and integrated logic circuits.
[0003] It is also known that the propagation rate of such timing circuits, when constructed
of CMOS devices such as CMOS inventers, varies predictably with variations in the
supply voltage. Accordingly, it has been recognized that the interval between timing
pulses or the frequency of such pulses provides an indication of the supply voltage
level and can be used by conventional voltage regulators as a control parameter to
regulate the supply voltage. See, for example, Hashimoto U.S. Patent No. 4,358,728.
[0004] However, conventional voltage regulation circuitry adds expense and complexity to
circuits. In addition, in the case of integrated circuits, it takes up precious substrate
space that could otherwise be used to fabricate additional logic components.
[0005] Moreover, many miniature passive circuits in use today derive operating power from
power/timing signals transmitted by remotely located control circuits. Such circuits
are often found, for example, in miniature transponder systems, implantable medical
devices, and portable data retrieval applications. See U.S. Patent Nos. 3,859,624
to Kriofsky et al.; 4,408,608 to Daly et al.; 4,533,988 to Daly et al.; and 4,196,418
to Kip et al. Circuits of this type typically are designed to operate on low power
and to take up minimum space. Accordingly, it is particularly desirable in these types
of circuits to regulate the operating voltage derived from the power/timing signals
without the requirement of additional voltage regulation circuitry.
[0006] Accordingly, it is an object of the invention to provide a timing signal generator
circuit that generates multiphasic timing signals while regulating the operating
or supply voltage of the circuit.
[0007] It is another object to provide such a circuit that regulates the operating voltage
without the need for conventional voltage regulation circuitry, or that can also be
utilized in conjunction with such circuitry to achieve additional voltage regulation.
[0008] It is still another object to provide such a circuit that is simple but flexible
in design, construction, and operation, and that can be conveniently and inexpensively
fabricated in integrated circuit form.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
[0009] The foregoing objects and attendant advantages are achieved by providing a digital
timing signal generator and voltage regulator circuit in which in broad form a timing
signal generator generates timing signals having timing relationship related to the
level of the operating voltage, and a regulator circuit connected to the timing signal
generator responds to the timing relationship of the timing signals to load the operating
voltage in order to regulate it.
[0010] In one aspect, the timing generator propagates a signal at a rate related to the
level of its supply voltage to generate at least one timing signal. When the timing
relationship is less than a predetermined minimum value, gates are activated to selectively
load the supply voltage in order to regulate it.
[0011] In another aspect, a delay line propagates signals to generate at least one timing
signal. A plurality of gates having inputs connected to selected stages of the delay
line receive selected timing signals. When the signals overlap, the gates are activated
and load means connected thereto load the supply voltage to regulate it.
[0012] In still another aspect, a circuit continuously propagates a signal to generate at
least one timing signal. The circuit is arranged and constructed to consume current
in approximately a square relationship with increases in its supply voltage in order
to regulate the voltage.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING
[0013] The novel features that are believed to be characteristic of the invention are set
forth in the appended claims. The invention itself will be best understood by reference
to the following detailed description of several circuits which constitute preferred
embodiments of the invention, in conjunction with the drawing, in which;
FIG. 1 is a block diagram illustrating the preferred mode of using the delay line
timing signal generator and voltage regulator circuit embodying the invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram illustrating the details of a delay line timing signal
generator and first order voltage regulator circuit comprising one preferred embodiment
of the invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram illustrating the details of a delay line timing signal
generator and second order voltage regulator circuit comprising another preferred
embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram illustrating the details of a delay line timing signal
generator and third order voltage regulator circuit comprising yet another preferred
embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram illustrating the details of a delay line timing signal
generator and first order voltage regulator circuit according to the invention which
has been modified to extinguish signals propagating in the "tail" of the delay line
when a pulse is received at the "head" of the delay line, and
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a ring oscillator comprising an alternative embodiment
of the invention.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PRESENTLY PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
[0014] With reference to the drawing, FIG. 1 generally illustrates the preferred form of
the invention which broadly comprises a timing signal generator such as a delay line
5 and an associated delay line decode and voltage regulator 6 which receives and is
reponsive to the generated timing signals. In the presently preferred form of the
invention, the delay line 5 and voltage regulator 6 are fabricated along with a signal
detect and power circuit 2 and various logic circuits 4 in an integrated circuit chip
(IC). The IC is suitably fabricated using conventional CMOS fabrication processes
known to those skilled in the art.
[0015] In one preferred form, the IC receives its operating power from an external control
logic circuit 7 which is powered by its own power supply. In this form, the control
logic circuit 7 includes conventional circuitry for generating and transmitting a
power/timing signal V
IN, on an output 8. The power/timing signal V
IN comprises a carrier signal modulated with digital pulses having predetermined nominal
frequency, amplitude, and duty cycle. Such control logic circuitry is conventional
and does not comprise part of the present invention. See, for example, the circuits
described in the various United States Patents cited above.
[0016] The power/timing signal V
IN is input to the IC on a signal input terminal 8a. The output 8 of the control logic
circuit 7 and the signal input terminal 8a of the IC are preferably isolated by inductive
coupling, although capacitive, resistive, or optical coupling may also be employed.
However, whatever coupling arrangement is used should preferably have a relatively
high resistance component compared to the input resistance of the IC. Thus, in the
case of inductive coupling, for example, a low efficiency coupling is preferred.
[0017] The signal input 8a is connected to an input of the signal detect and power circuit
2. The signal detect and power circuit 2 detects the digital pulses on the modulated
carrier and serially outputs corresponding digital pulses on line 3. At the same time,
it also derives from the modulated carrier a supply or operating voltage V
REG which is conducted to the supply inputs of the delay line 5, the voltage regulator
6, and the various logic circuits 4 on line 1. The signal detect and power circuit
2 is a conventional circuit and is familiar to those skilled in the art. One form
of the circuit that is particularly preferred for use with the present invention
is described and illustrated in the applicant's co-pending U.S. Application Serial
No. 818,469 filed January 13, 1986.
[0018] The delay line 5 receives the digital pulses on line 3 and generates multiphasic
timing signals therefrom. The timing signals are received and used by the various
logic circuits 4 to carry out their respective logic functions. The timing signals
are also received by the voltage regulator 6 which decodes them and, if necessary,
loads the operating voltage V
REG with a predetermined load in order to regulate and reduce it to a predetermined nominal
value. The delay line may also output one of the digital timing signals on an output
terminal 9a to an input 9 of the control logic 7. The output 9a and input 9 are preferably
isolated as described above. Preferably, the digital timing signal on lines 9 and
9a can share the isolation means with the power/timing signal on lines 8 and 8a. The
control logic 7 may determine the delay between output pulses on line 8 and timing
pulses on the input 9 as an indication of the operating voltage V
REG and use this data to provide additional regulation by altering the width of the encoded
digital pulses or the amplitude of the power/timing signal V
IN on output 8. The control logic 7 may also use the signals on line 9 to regulate the
frequency of the encoded digital pulses on output 8.
[0019] FIG.2 schematically illustrates a delay line timing signal generator and first order
voltage regulator circuit comprising one preferred embodiment of the invention. The
delay line 5 preferably comprises series-connected CMOS inverters 10-60 not all of
which are shown due to space limitations. The delay line 5 produces multiphasic timing
signals. Representative of these signals are signals T1, T5, T8, T10, and T15, each
having different phase, at the outputs of inverters 10, 14, 17, 19, and 24 respectively.
[0020] Gates 61-102 inclusive and resistors 103-144 inclusive comprise a first order voltage
regulator 6. Each gate 61-102 has a corresponding resistor 103-144 respectively connected
between its output terminal and ground. The inputs of the gates 61-102 are preferably
connected to the delay line 5 in such a way that they are distributed along its length
and are activated sequentially. The inputs are also preferably connected to the delay
line 5 in such a way that the input signals to each gate have the same relative delay
between them so that all of the gates are activated and deactivated at the same supply
or operating voltage level.
[0021] Accordingly, one input of the AND gate 61 is connected to the input 3 of the delay
line 5 at the input of the inverter 10. The other input of the AND gate 61 is connected
to the output of the inverter 19. The inputs of the NOR gate 62 are connected to the
out puts of the inverters 10 and 20 respectively. The inputs of the AND gate 63
are connected to the outputs of the inverters 11 and 21 respectively. The inputs of
the NOR gate 64 are connected to the outputs of the inverters 12 and 22, and so on
with the inputs of the last AND gate 101 being connected to the outputs of the inverters
49 and 59, and the inputs of the last NOR gate 102 being connected to the outputs
of the inverters 50 and 60.
[0022] From the foregoing it is apparent that there is a relative delay of ten (10) inverters
between the input signals to each gate. It is also apparent that the inputs of the
gates 61-102 are distributed along the length of the delay line 5 so that each input
signal to each gate except gate 10 is delayed by one inverter with respect to the
corresponding input signal to the preceding gate. In the presently preferred embodiment,
gates connected to the outputs of odd stages of the delay line 5, i.e. gates 62, 64,
66, 68, and so on through gate 102 are NOR gates whereas gates connected to outputs
of even stages of the delay line 5, i.e. gates 61, 63, 65, 67, and so on through gate
101 are AND gates.
[0023] It is preferable that only one digital pulse propagate through the delay line 5 at
any given time. On the other hand, it is also preferable that there be a minimum of
delay between successive pulses propagating through the delay line 5 so that the
amount of time the operating voltage is unregulated is minimized. These operating
characteristics are obtained by selecting a delay line 5 having an appropriate length,
i.e. having an appropriate number of stages, based on the desired nominal operating
voltage, the desired nominal frequency, and the per gate propagation delay of the
particular devices selected for use, which as those skilled in the art are aware is
readily available from the various manufacturer's data sheets. Typical operating parameters
which will be assumed in the following description are as follows: a nominal pulse
frequency of 100 kHz; and a nominal circuit operating voltage of 2.5 V. At the selected
nominal operating voltage, a typical propagation delay of a typical CMOS inverter
is approximately 100 nS. Accordingly, given the nominal pulse frequency of 100 kHz,
in order to ensure that only one pulse is propagating through the delay line 5 at
any time, the delay line 5 must have at least 51 inverters as illustrated in the
figures.
[0024] The nominal duty cycle of each encoded digital pulse is determined by the relative
delay time between input signals to each of the gates 61-102. Thus, with respect to
the nominal values above, a per gate propagation delay of approximately 100 nS and
a ten (10) inverter delay between input signals as shown in FIG. 1 corresponds to
a digital pulse having a nominal on-time of 1µS. When the amplitude of the input signal
V
IN is below its nominal value, moderate changes in the width of the pulses have no effect
on V
REG. When the input signal V
IN is at or near its nominal level, i.e. the level at which the gates 61-102 are on
the edge of being activated, increases in the on-time of the pulses reduces V
REG while decreases have no effect. When the input signal V
IN exceeds its nominal value and is within the range requiring regulation, increases
in the width of the pulses reduce V
REG while decreases increase V
REG, both approximately linearly.
[0025] If it is desired to extend or shorten the nominal on-time of the pulses, the number
of gates of delay between input signals to the gates 61-102 should be correspondingly
increased or decreased as appropri ate for optimum performance as described above.
Another consideration in selecting the appropriate nominal duty cycle is that the
duty cycle affects the energy per cycle delivered to the circuit. Also, a longer digital
pulse on time results in more control and better control resolution over the operating
voltage.
[0026] The resistors 103-144 are selected based upon the particular application of the circuit
embodying the invention. In order for the circuit to provide sufficient regulation
of the operating voltage, the resistors should be selected so that when the gates
61-102 are activated, the circuit becomes the major current drawing portion of the
passive circuitry with which it is associated. However, the delay line decode and
voltage regulator circuit 6 obviously should not draw so much current that it lowers
V
IN to a level that renders the associated circuitry 4 inoperative. Within these parameters,
the specific values of the resistors 103-144 are selected based on the input impedance
of the associated circuitry, the number of resistors to be used, and the amount of
loading required to achieve the desired regulation. For example, resistors having
values ranging from 500-2000 ohms have been found suitable.
[0027] In operation, each digital pulse transmitted by the logic control circuit 7 is input
to the inverter 10 of the delay line 5. The pulse is inverted and delayed by each
inverter as it propagates down the delay line 5. The output pulses of stages 10-51
are input to first terminals of corresponding gates 61-102 respectively. Even stages
output positive pulses while odd stages output inverted pulses. The output pulses
of stages 19-60 are input to second terminals of the gates 61-102 respectively. Accordingly,
the logic high pulse input to the inverter 10 is also input to one terminal of the
AND gate 61. The same uninverted signal delayed by ten inverters appears at the output
of inverter 19 and is connected to the other input terminal of AND gate 61. Likewise,
the inverted pulse at the output of inverter 10 is input to one terminal of NOR gate
62. The same inverted pulse delayed by ten inverters is output by inverter 20 to the
other terminal of the NOR gate 62. The same applies to the inputs of the remaining
gates 63-102.
[0028] As long as the control logic circuit 7 continues to transmit V
IN with the encoded digital pulses at the nominal frequency and duty cycle, and with
the appropriate amplitude to keep the operating voltage V
REG of the delay line 5 at the nominal value, there is no overlap between the delayed
and undelayed pulses at the input terminals of the gates 61-102. In other words, with
respect to the even stages, by the time the delayed logic high pulse reaches the second
input terminal of the corresponding AND gate, the undelayed pulse on the first input
terminal has changed state and the AND gate is not activated. The same result occurs
with respect to the inverted pulses generated by the odd stages and the corresponding
NOR gates. As a result, no current is drawn through the resistors 103-144 to ground.
[0029] As the amplitude of the power/timing signal V
IN transmitted by the control logic circuit 7 increases, the operating voltage V
REG increases and the propagation delay of the delay line inverters 10-60 decreases correspondingly.
As the operating voltage V
REG increases, the propagation delay decreases until a point is reached at which the
delayed pulses reach the second input terminals of the corresponding gates 61-102
before the undelayed pulses on the first input terminals have changed state. In other
words, the pulses overlap at the inputs to the gates. When this occurs, the outputs
of the gates 61-102 go high and current is drawn through the corresponding resistors
103-144 to ground, thus loading the power supply of the logic circuit 7. Preferably,
when the gates 61-102 are activated, the voltage regulator circuit 6 draws most of
the current supplied by the control logic circuit's power supply. In this way, the
circuit embodying the invention inherently regulates and reduces the level of the
operating voltage V
REG.
[0030] As the amplitude of the transmitted power/timing signal V
IN continues to increase, the amount of overlap between the undelayed and delayed pulses
increases correspondingly. As a result, the regulator circuit 6 loads the power supply
over an increasing percentage of each pulse. In addition, as the delayed and undelayed
input pulses increasingly overlap, successive gates become activated simultaneously.
Since the load resistances connected to the outputs of these gates are in parallel,
the total resistance presented to the operating voltage is reduced and the voltage
is loaded even further. The preferred embodiment thus provides progressive voltage
regulation as a function of the level of the operating voltage.
[0031] When the amplitude of V
IN stops increasing, the degree of overlap and the percentage of each pulse that is
loaded also stops increasing. During this equilibrium condition, the voltage V
REG will be slightly above its nominal value. As the amplitude of V
IN decreases, the degree of overlap and the percentage of each pulse that is loaded
decreases accordingly until at some point at or near the nominal value of V
REG there is no longer any overlap between the undelayed and delayed pulses.
[0032] As previously touched upon, the pulse propagating through the delay line 5 may also
be fed back from the output of an inverter, such as inverter 27 to the input 9 of
the control logic circuit 7. The control logic circuit 7 can determine the value
of the delay line delay by detecting the interval between output and input pulses
on lines 8 and 9, respectively using a conventional edge-activated counter, for example.
Since this interval is a function of the operating voltage V
REG, the control logic circuit 7 can use the delay information to provide additional
voltage regulation if needed or desired, for example, by varying the width of the
encoded pulses or the amplitude of the transmitted signal or both.
[0033] Since the signals on the first and second input terminals of all of the gates 61-102
have the same number of gates of delay between them, all of the gates 61-102 are activated
at the same supply voltage level. However, since the inputs of the gates 61-102 are
distributed along the length of the delay line 5, the gates are activated sequentially
rather than simultaneously. As a result, the preferred circuit embodying the invention
does not draw a large amount of current instantaneously when the gates 61-102 are
activated but rather continuously loads the power supply. Such an arrangement is
preferred to minimize the possibility of large, sudden rises or drops in the output
of the power supply.
[0034] FIG. 3 illustrates a delay line timing signal generator and second order voltage
regulator circuit which comprises another preferred embodiment of the invention.
The delay line 145 is comprised of series connected inverters 150-200 numbered consecutively
from left to right in the figure. Representative timing signals T1, T5, T8, T10, and
T15 are provided at the outputs of inverters 150, 154, 157, 159 and 164 respectively
as in the delay line 5 of FIG. 1. The second order voltage regulator 146 includes
a first level of gates 201-242 and associated load resistors 243-284 which are numbered
consecutively from left to right in the figure. Due to space limitations, not all
of the inverters, and first level gates and load resistors are illustrated. The gates
201-242, inverters 150-200, and load resistors 243-284 correspond identically to
the gates 61-102, inverters 10-60, and load resistors 103-144 respectively of FIG.
1 and are interconnected in exactly the same manner as described above with respect
to FIG. 1.
[0035] In addition, the second order voltage regulator 146 includes a second level of gates
285-324 and corresponding load resistors 325-364, which are numbered consecutively
from left to right in the figure. Not all of the second level gates and load resistors
are illustrated due to space limitations. The resistors 325-364 are connected between
the outputs of the gates 285-324 respectively and ground. Similarly to the first order
regulator of FIG. 2, the gates 285, 287, 289 and so on through 323 have inputs connected
to outputs of even stages of the delay line 145 and are AND gates. The gates 286,
288 and so on through 324 have inputs connected to outputs of odd stages and are NOR
gates.
[0036] In contrast to the ten-gate delay between the input signals to each of the gates
201-242 in the first level, the input terminals of the gates 285-324 in the second
level are connected to the inverters 150-200 so that there is a twelve-gate delay
between the input signals. Thus, for example, the input terminals of the first gate
285 are connected to the input of the inverter 150 and to the output of the inverter
161. The input terminals of the second gate 286 are connected to the outputs of the
inverters 150 and 162. The inputs of the gate 287 are connected to the outputs of
the inverters 151 and 163, and so on with the inputs of the last gate 324 being connected
to the outputs of the inverters 188 and 200.
[0037] In the circuit of FIG. 3, the first level gates 201-242 are activated to load the
power supply of the logic control circuit 7 at a first voltage level exceeding the
nominal value of the operating voltage V
REG as described above with respect to the circuit of FIG. 1. The second level gates
285-324 are activated at a second higher voltage level to provide additional, progressive
loading of the power supply and further inhibit any increase in the operating voltage
V
REG. The voltage levels that trigger activation of the first and second level gates 201-242
and 285-324 respectively depend on the nominal operating voltage value selected, the
propagation delay of the inverters, and the number of gates of delay selected between
the gate input signals. The greater the selected delay, the greater the voltage level
required for activation. In the embodiment of FIG. 3, for example, there is only
a two-gate delay difference between the gate input signals at the first and second
levels. Accordingly, the second level gates 285-324 are progressively activated at
an input voltage level only slightly greater than that required to activate the first
level gates 201-242.
[0038] FIG. 4 illustrates a delay line timing signal generator and third order voltage regulator
circuit which comprises yet another preferred embodiment of the invention. The delay
line 375 comprises series-connected inverters 400-450 which are numbered consecutively
from left to right in the figure. Representative timing signals T1, T5, T8, T10, and
T15 are provided at the outputs of inverters 400, 404, 407, 409, and 414. The third
order voltage regulator 376 contains three levels of gates and associated load resistors,
which are numbered consecutively in each level from left to right in the figure. Not
all of the gates, resistors, and inverters are illustrated due to space limitations.
[0039] The first level comprises gates 451-492 and associated load resistors 493-534 which
are connected between the outputs of gates 451-492 respectively and ground. The second
level comprises gates 535-574 and load resistors 575-614 which are connected between
the outputs of the gates 535-574 respectively and ground. The third level comprises
gates 620-657 and load resistors 658-695 which are connected between the outputs
of the gates 620-657 respectively and ground.
[0040] The first level gates 451-492 and load resistors 493-534 correspond identically
to the first level gates 201-242 and load resistors 243-284 of the circuit of FIG.
3, and the first level gates 61-102 and load resistors 103-144 of the circuit of FIG.
1. The second level gates 535-574 and load resistors 575-614 correspond identically
to the second level gates 285-324 and load resistors 325-364 of the circuit of FIG.
3. The first and second level gates 451-492 and 535-574 respectively and load resistors
493-534 and 575-614 respectively are interconnected with the delay line 375 in exactly
the same manner as their counterpart devices described above with respect to FIGs.
1 and 3.
[0041] The third level gates 620-657 are interconnected with the inverters 400-450 of the
delay line 375 so that there is a fourteen-gate delay between the digital pulse signals
at the first and second input terminals of each gate 620-657. Thus, for example, the
input terminals of the first gate 620 are connected to the input of the inverter 400
and to the output of the inverter 413. The input terminals of the second gate 621
are connected to the outputs of the inverters 400 and 414. The inputs of the third
gate 622 are connected to the outputs of the inverters 401 and 415, and so on with
the inputs of the last gate 576 being connected to the outputs of the inverters 436
and 450. The gates 620, 622, 624 and so on through gate 656 have inputs connected
to outputs of even stages of the delay line 375 and are AND gates. The gates 621,
623 and so on through gate 657 have inputs connected to outputs of odd stages of the
delay line 375 and are NOR gates.
[0042] In the circuit of FIG. 4, the first level gates 451-492 are activated to load the
power supply at a first voltage level exceeding the nominal operating voltage value.
The second level gates 535-574 are activated to further load the power supply at a
second slightly greater voltage level. Because the delay between the input pulses
to the third level gates 620-657 is two gates greater than the delay between the input
pulses to the second level gates 535-574, the third level gates 620-657 are activated
at a third voltage level which is slightly greater than the level necessary to activate
the second level gates 535-574. Thus, the three level regulation provides even more
progressive voltage regulation than the first and second level embodiments.
[0043] The preferred second and third order regulator embodiments are made even more progressive
by reducing the values of the load resistors in each level. Thus, the third level
load resistors preferably have lower values than the second level load resistors which
have lower values than the first level load resistors. With this arrangement, the
second and third level load resistors load the supply voltage more heavily than the
first level load resistors. As a result, progressive regulation is obtained even if
the second and third level gates are activated only very briefly.
[0044] A preferred variation on the basic form of the circuit embodying the invention is
illustrated in FIG. 5. As shown, gates 752-793 and corresponding load resistors 793-834
both numbered consecutively from left to right in the figure, comprise a first order
voltage regulator which is interconnected with the delay line 700 and which operates
in the same manner described above with respect to FIG. 1. However, in the preferred
variation a number of the series-connected inverters making up the delay line 700
are replaced by NAND gates. Specifically, referring to FIG. 1, inverters 50, 52,
54, 56, 58, and 60 are replaced with NAND gates 741, 743, 745, 747, 749, and 751 respectively.
Thus, the last eleven stages of the delay line 700 are alternately NAND gates and
inverters. One input of each NAND gate 741, 743, 745, 747, 749, and 751 is connected
to the output of the preceding inverter 740, 742, 744, 746, 748, and 750 respectively.
The other input of each NAND gate 741, 743, 745, 747, 749, and 751 is connected to
the input 3 of the delay line 700.
[0045] In this embodiment, if a power pulse should be input to the head of the delay line
700 before the preceding power pulse has completely propagated through the tail of
the delay line 700, the preceding power pulse will be extinguished by maintaining
the NAND gate outputs low so that it cannot activate any of the last eleven gates
782-793. This modification compensates for variations in the frequency of the power
pulses transmitted by the control logic circuit 7 and allows the circuit embodying
the invention to be used over a wider range of operating conditions.
[0046] Another variation of the invention is to util ize a CMOS ring oscillator as illustrated
in FIG. 6 in place of the previously described timing signal generator and voltage
regulator circuits described above. It has been found that a ring oscillator 900 comprised
of multiple CMOS inverters will consume current in approximately a square law relation
with variations in operating voltage, at least over the typical operating range of
the CMOS devices. In other words, if the operating voltage doubles, the current consumed
by the ring oscillator 900 approximately quadruples.
[0047] However, it is to be understood that a ring oscillator 900 having the same number
of stages as any of the preferred circuits previously described, will not consume
nearly as much current over its normal operating range as will the gates and load
resistors of the previously described circuits. Accordingly, the ring oscillator embodiment
may only be useful as a regulator in circuits rated for much lower current consumption.
In larger circuits, for the ring oscillator to draw sufficient current to have a suitable
regulation effect, it would have to have a much larger number of stages than the embodiments
described above. Accordingly, the ring oscillator embodiment constitutes a less preferred
alternative for such applications.
[0048] What have been described are certain aspects of various digital timing signal generator
and voltage regulator circuits which constitute presently preferred embodiments of
the invention. It is understood that the foregoing description and accompanying illustration
are merely exemplary and are in no way intended to limit the scope of the invention,
which is defined by the appended claims. Various changes and modifications to the
preferred embodiments will be apparent to those skilled in the art. Such changes and
modifications may include but are not limited to changes in the length or number of
stages of the delay lines, changes in the number and types of gates comprising the
delay lines and voltage regulators, changes in the nominal values of various parameters
and circuit elements, changes in the interconnections of the basic elements, and the
like. Such changes and modifications can be made without departing from the spirit
and scope of the invention. Accordingly, it is intended that all such changes and
modifications and all other equivalents be covered by the appended claims.
1. A digital timing signal generator and voltage regulator circuit, comprising:
means for generating timing signals having a timing relationship related to the level
of an operating voltage associated with said means for generating; and
means connected to said generating means and responsive to said timing relationship
for loading said operating voltage to regulate it.
2. The circuit defined in Claim 1 wherein said means for generating timing signals
comprises:
means for propagating a signal to generate timing signals, said means having a rate
of propagation related to the level of said operating voltage.
3. The circuit defined in Claim 2 wherein said means for propagating comprises a delay
line.
4. The circuit defined in Claim 1 wherein said means for loading comprises:
gate means connected to said generating means for receiving said timing signals, said
gate means being activated when the timing relationship between said signals is less
than a predetermined minimum value; and
load means connected to said gate means for loading said operating voltage when said
gate means are activated.
5. The circuit defined in Claim 4 wherein said gate means and load means are arranged
to progressively load said operating voltage when said operating voltage exceeds a
predetermined value.
6. The circuit defined in Claim 4 wherein said gate means comprises a plurality of
levels of gates having inputs connected to said generating means so that each level
of gates is activated at a different predetermined value; and wherein said load means
comprises a plurality of levels of load means corresponding to said plurality of
levels of gates.
7. The circuit defined in Claim 2 wherein said means for loading comprises:
gate means connected to said means for propagating for receiving said timing signals
and the same said timing signals offset by a timing interval determined by said propagation
rate of said means for propagating;
said gate means being activated when the timing interval between said signals and
said offset signals is less than a predetermined value; and
load means connected to said gate means for loading said operating voltage when said
gate means are activated.
8. The circuit defined in Claim 7 wherein said gate means and load means are arranged
to progressively load said operating voltage when said operating voltage exceeds a
predetermined value.
9. A digital timing signal generator and voltage regulator circuit, comprising:
a delay line having a plurality of stages for generating timing signals with timing
relationship related to the level of a supply voltage;
a plurality of gates having inputs connected to selected stages of said delay line
for receiving selected timing signals, said gates being activated when said selected
signals overlap; and
a corresponding plurality of load resistors connected to the outputs of said plurality
of gates for loading said supply voltage when said gates are activated in order to
regulate said supply voltage.
10. The circuit defined in Claim 9 comprising a plurality of levels of said gates
and a corresponding plurality of levels of said load resistors, the inputs of each
level of gates being connected to selected stages of said delay line so that each
level of gates is activated at a different predetermined value of said supply voltage.
11. The circuit defined in Claim 9 wherein said delay line comprises means to prevent
the propagation of more than one signal therein at any time.
12. In a system comprising a remote power supply and transmitter for transmitting
digitally encoded power/timing signals and a digital logic circuit having logic means
for receiving said encoded signals and deriving operating voltage therefrom, said
circuit also having logic means for performing selected functions under control of
said encoded signals, the improvements comprising:
a delay line having a plurality of stages for receiving and propagating said encoded
digital signals to generate timing signals for use by said circuit, said timing signals
having timing relationship related to the level of said operating voltage;
a plurality of gates having inputs connected to selected stages of said delay line
for receiving selected timing signals, said gates being activated when said selected
timing signals overlap; and
a corresponding plurality of load means connected to the outputs of said gates for
loading said power supply when said gates are activated in order to regulate said
operating voltage.
13. The system defined in Claim 12 wherein said delay line comprises means to prevent
the propagation of more than one digital signal therein at a time.
14. The system defined in Claim 12 comprising a plurality of levels of gates and a
corresponding plurality of levels of load means, the inputs of each level of gates
being connected to selected stages of said delay line so that each level of gates
is activated at a different predetermined level of said operating voltage.
15. The system defined in Claim 12 wherein said plurality of gates have their inputs
connected to selected stages distributed along said delay line so that the gates are
activated sequentially.
16. A digital timing signal generator and voltage regulator circuit, comprising:
means powered by an operating voltage for continuously propagating a signal to generate
at least one timing signal, said means consuming increased current in response to
increases in said operating voltage in order to regulate said operating voltage.
17. The circuit defined in Claim 16 wherein said means consumes increased current
in approximately a square relationship with increases in said operating voltage.
18. The circuit defined in Claim 16 wherein said means comprises a ring oscillator
having a plurality of CMOS gates.
19. In a circuit having a power supply for providing operating voltage and a ring
oscillator for generating at least one timing signal, the improvement comprising:
said ring oscillator having a plurality of CMOS gates for consuming current generated
by said power supply in approximately a square relationship with increases in said
operating voltage in order to regulate said operating voltage.