Thin-film circulator with three matched gates

Abstract

 The circulator has top metallization made with geometry such as to describe three transmission lines (3) 120° apart converging at a common centre (4) from respective input and output gates (5). Between said transmission lines (3) are placed the same number of matching line sections (6) also converging at said common centre (4).

Description

[0001] The present invention relates to a three-gate thin-film circulator with impedance matching.

[0002] A three-gate thin-film circulator is a device which when inserted in a transmission line makes the path nonreciprocal, i.e. not two-directional. If inserted in a microwave branching system said device permits conveyance to a single antenna of the signals of several transmitters or else distribution of signals from said antenna to appropriate receivers. If one of the three matched gates is closed on a matching termination the device ensures decoupling if placed between two microwave circuits or matching if inserted upstream from the circuit in question.

[0003] A known three-gate circulator is made at pres­ent with a substrate of magnetizable material formed of a garnet or ferrite disk entirely metallized on both sides and inserted in a special hole made in a dielectric substrate. Access thereto is through three transmission lines depos­ited on the dielectric substrate and arranged at 120° to each other. If a magnetizable substrate in circular form is not available, one of the sides of the magnetizable substrate is metallized with a circular geometry of appropriate diameter the access to which is likewise obtained with three transmission lines arranged at 120° on the magnetizable substrate.

[0004] Said known circulator has several shortcomings, specifically rather large space occupied linked to the diameter of the magnetizable substrate, the need to use impedance transformers to match output impedance to that of the circuit with which it is associated (with the resulting further increase in size) and finally the greater insertion losses introduced by the matching lines.

[0005] To overcome these shortcomings there has recent­ly been accomplished another known circulator in which metallization of the accessible face of the magnetizable substrate is no longer uniformly circular but divided in three distinct areas by narrow radial nonconducting segments 120° apart, the external edges of said areas constituting the input and output gates.

[0006] This metallization geometry made it possible to reduce the diameter of the magnetizable substrate and hence the space occupied by the device, transmission frequency being equal, but didn't solve the problem of matching. The operation of the circulator was also unsatisfactory.

[0007] The object of the present invention is accor­dingly to achieve a thin-film three-gate circul­ator which would occupy little space and display selfmatching impedance characteristics such that no external adapters would be needed.

[0008] In accordance with the invention said object has been achieved by a circulator comprising a substrate of magnetizable material with one face provided with unbroken thin-film metallization and another face provided with thin-film metallization having a geometry such that it describes three transmission lines 120° apart converging at a common centre from respective input and output gates characterized in that it comprises three other line sections placed at intervals between said transmission lines and coming together at said common centre to achieve impedance matching of said input and output gates.

[0009] In other words the present invention takes as its starting point the known three-area circul­ator, reducing the extent of said areas in favor of the intervals between said areas, wherein there have been inserted respective line sections (stubs) having an impedance matching function. The result is a circulator made up of three transmission lines 120° apart provided with imped­ance matching units. The space occupied by the circulator is thus further reduced and the in­sertion losses otherwise caused by the external matching networks are eliminated.

[0010] Two practical examples of the accomplishment of the present invention are illustrated for greater clarity in the annexed drawings wherein -

FIG. 1 shows a plan view of a circulator in accordance with the invention made in circular form,

FIG. 2 shows a cross section along line II-II of FIG. 1 of said circular,

FIG. 3 shows a plan view of a circulator in accordance with the invention made in triangular form.

[0011] The circulator illustrated in FIGS. 1 and 2 comprises a substrate of magnetizable material 1 made in the form of a garnet or ferrite disc. One face thereof (the bottom face shown in the drawings) is completely coated with circular thin-film metallization 2, also called "ground plane", while the other face thereof (the top face in the drawings) has thin-film metallization of a more complex geometry describing the electrical circuit of the circulator described below.

[0012] As shown in FIG. 1 the metallization of the top face of the substrate 1 comprises three trans­mission lines 3 arranged 120° apart and converging at a common centre 4 from respective input and output gates 5 which pass through a circular non-metallized periphery of the substrate 1 which is not necessary for the electrical operation of the circulator and serves only to make clear the input and output gates 5 thereof.

[0013] Again as shown in FIG. 1 in the intervals between the transmission lines 3 are placed three more line sections 6 which come together in the common centre 4 and operate as impedance adaptors (stubs).

[0014] The conformation of the line sections 6, gener­ally of uniform width up to a terminal narrowing 7 before the common centre 4, is such that the transmission lines 3 have in turn an innermost line portion 8 of uniform width (and hence impedance) and an outermost line portion 9 of variable width (and hence impedance) in the direction of propagation. The outermost portion 9 communicates with the corresponding input/output gate 5.

[0015] The circulator of FIGS. 1 and 2 is designed to be inserted in a dielectric substrate on which is made a microwave circuit and together therewith in a container in which there is also housed a magnet capable of supplying a steady magnetic field. This design is known in itself and is therefore not described and illustrated in detail here.

[0016] While it is essential that metallization of the top face (in the drawings) of the substrate 1 have the geometry described with the three transmission lines 3 and three matching line sections 6 it is not essential that said metallization and the circulator in general have a circular conform­ation. Alternatively there can be provided a triangular conformation like that shown in FIG. 3 where the same reference numbers as in FIGS. 1 and 2 are used to indicate corresponding parts.

[0017] Finally it should be noted that an alternative use of the circulator of FIGS. 1 and 2 or of the one shown in FIG. 3 can call for the deposit directly on the substrate 1 between a gate 5 and the ground plane 2 of a resistance having a value equal to that of the characteristic impedance of the circuit. In this case the circulator func­tions as a separator, offering low attenuation in one direction and high attenuation in the other.

Claims

1. Thin-film circulator with three gates com­prising a substrate of magnetizable material (1) having one face provided with unbroken thin-film metallization (2) and another face provided with thin-film metallization having a geometry such as to describe three transmission lines (3) 120° apart converging at a common centre (4) from respective input and output gates (5) character­ized in that it comprises three other line sections (6) placed in the intervals between said transmission lines (3) and coming together at said common centre (4) to accomplish impedance matching of said input and output gates (5).

2. Circulator in accordance with claim 1 char­acterized in that said matching line sections (6) have essentially uniform width with narrowing ends (7) toward said common centre (4) and said transmission lines (3) have an innermost portion (8) of constant width and an outermost portion (9) of variable width in the direction of propagation.

3. Circulator in accordance with claim 1 char­acterized in that said metallization (3-6) of the other face of the substrate (1) is circular in form.

4. Circulator in accordance with claim 1 char­acterized in that said metallization (3-6) of the other face of the substrate (1) is of triangular form.

5. Circulator in accordance with claim 1 char­acterized in that it comprises a resistance of a value equal to that of the characteristic imped­ance of the microwave circuit with which it is associated placed on said substrate (1) between one of said gates (5) and said face (2) provided with thin metallization in such a manner as to function as a separator.

Drawing