[0001] This invention relates to a method for cold sizing a workpiece having multiple diameters.
Background Art
[0002] Round metal parts are conventionally accurately sized after an initial turning operation
by a subsequent grinding operation in order to provide the required tolerance for
the application for which the workpiece is to be utilized. For example, universal
joints for vehicle drives conventionally include a joint member having four round
surfaces of cylindrical shapes that are coaxial about a central axis of the joint
member and have different diameters. The largest round surface is utilized with a
seal to provide sealing of the joint, while the next largest round surface supports
a bearing that mounts the joint. Both of the two smaller round surfaces are subsequently
formed with projections, the larger one with splines utilized to rotatively couple
the joint and the smaller one with a thread used in securing the joint in position.
Grinding of these round surfaces on such joint members is both time consuming and
costly but has been necessary in the past to provide the required roundness for accommodating
the seal and bearing utilized as well as for providing the required roundness prior
to the spline and thread forming.
[0003] A cooperable pair of movable tools has also been utilized in the past to cold form
noncylindri- cal workpieces. See, for example, US-A-419,292, US-A-446,934, US-A-1,446,447,
US-A-1,469,174, US-A-3,044,332, US-A-3,466,918, US-A-3,498,095, and US-A-3,503,237
which disclose such forming.
[0004] Hot forming of an axle having round surfaces of cylindrical shapes with different
diameters is disclosed by US-A-458,685 wherein a pair of straight tools are moved
rectilinearly on opposite sides of the hot axle to provide the forming operation.
[0005] US-A-625,575 discloses a pair of straight tools that are moved rectilinearly to cold
form a workpiece having a single cylindrical surface of a round shape.
[0006] Also, US-A-2,825,251 discloses a pair of tools used to perform forming by holding
one of the tools stationary and moving the other one with the workpiece between the
two tools.
Disclosure of the Invention
[0007] An object of the present invention is to provide a method for cold sizing a workpiece
having a central axis and a plurality of round surfaces of cylindrical shapes that
are coaxial about the central axis and have different diameters in a single operation.
This object is met by a method as defined in claim 1 appended hereto.
[0008] In carrying out the above object, the method is performed by mounting the workpiece
for rotation about its central axis between a pair of die assemblies. Each of the
die assemblies utilized includes a plurality of dies having sizing surfaces that extend
parallel to the central axis of the workpiece respectively in alignment with the round
surfaces of the workpiece. Movement of the die assemblies in opposite directions as
each other engages the sizing surfaces of the dies with the round surfaces of the
workpiece as the workpiece rotates about its central axis such that the sizing surfaces
pressure size the round surfaces of the workpiece.
[0009] Pressure sizing of the workpiece can be performed by two different preferred ways
in which the method is practiced. In one preferred practice of the method, the die
assemblies are moved rectilinearly in opposite directions as each other and the dies
thereof are provided with flat sizing surfaces that engage the round surfaces of the
workpiece at diametrically opposite locations. In another preferred practice of the
method, the die assemblies are rotated and the dies thereof have round sizing surfaces
that engage the round surfaces of the workpiece at diametrically opposite locations.
[0010] In performing the method, it is also possible to continue the movement of the die
assemblies in order to engage forming projections on the trailing end of one die of
each die assembly with the aligned round surface of the workpiece to thereby form
projections on this aligned round surface of the workpiece. Such projection forming
can be utilized to provide splines on one of the round surfaces and can also be utilized
to subsequently provide a helical thread on another round surface of the workpiece.
[0011] In the preferred practice of the method disclosed, splines are formed on one of the
round surfaces of the workpiece and a helical thread is formed on another round surface
during successive operations after the initial sizing. It should be noted that only
one round surface of the workpiece can be formed with projections at any given time
due to the fact that the round surfaces have different speeds of circumferential movement
for any given rate of workpiece rotation and the die assemblies can each only have
a single speed at any given time due to their meshed relationship with the workpiece
at the projections being formed. To perform sizing and subsequent projection forming
of certain types of workpieces, a particular machine with which the apparatus is utilized
may not have sufficient die length to permit the complete operation to be performed
during a single movement of the die assemblies in opposite directions as each other.
In such cases, the workpiece can be axially shifted to engage one of the round surfaces
with forming projections on one die of each die assembly as the direction of movement
is reversed.
[0012] It should be noted that during the initial sizing operation, sliding takes place
between at least one of the round surfaces of the workpiece and the associated dies
due to the difference in speeds thereof with the die assemblies moving only at a single
speed. This is possible due to the fact that the sizing performed by the die assemblies
initially only forms cylindrical shapes that do not present any interlocking relationship
with the sizing surfaces of the dies of the die assembly. However, during subsequent
forming of workpiece projections, the meshed relationship of the die projections and
the workpiece projections being formed prevents forming of projections on more than
one round surface of the workpiece at any given time as previously mentioned.
[0013] The method of the invention may be carried out by several apparatuses, which are
to be described, that are utilized to cold size the workpiece. These apparatuses each
include a support for rotatably mounting the workpiece about its central axis and
also include a pair of die assemblies mounted for movement with the workpiece between
the die assemblies. Each die assembly of the apparatuses includes a plurality of dies
respectively aligned with the round workpiece surfaces of different diameters. Each
die has a sizing surface that extends parallel to the workpiece axis and engages the
aligned round surface of the workpiece upon movement of the die assemblies as the
workpiece rotates about its central axis such that the sizing surfaces pressure size
the round surfaces of the workpiece.
[0014] In one preferred apparatus disclosed, the pair of die assemblies have elongated shapes
and have dies with flat sizing surfaces. These elongated die assemblies are mounted
for rectilinear movement in a parallel relationship to each other to perform the pressure
sizing of the round surfaces of the workpiece by engagement therewith at diametrically
opposite locations. A machine including lower and upper bases that define a work space
therebetween is preferably utilized to mount the elongated die assemblies for their
rectilinear movement in a parallel relationship to each other. Suitable slideways
provided on the upper and lower bases of the machine respectively mount the pair of
elongated die assemblies for such rectilinear movement in the parallel relationship.
[0015] Another preferred apparatus includes a pair of rotary die assemblies having dies
with round sizing surfaces. These rotary die assemblies are respectively mounted by
a pair of spindles for rotary movement to perform the pressure sizing of the round
surfaces of the workpiece at diametrically opposite locations. Each spindle is disclosed
as including a clamp mechanism that clamps the rotary dies of the associated die assembly
to perform the pressure sizing upon spindle rotation.
[0016] In both preferred types of apparatus, one of the dies of each die assembly includes
a trailing end having projections for forming projections in the aligned round surface
of the workpiece. Such projections can be provided on the trailing ends of different
dies of each die assembly but at different locations along the length thereof in order
to permit successive forming of the projections on different round surfaces of the
workpiece such as the spline and thread forming discussed.
[0017] It should be mentioned that only a relatively small reduction takes place in the
diameters of the round surfaces of the workpiece as the pressure sizing is performed.
Such diameter reduction is always less than 0.5mm (twenty thousandths of an inch)
and preferably less than 0.25mm (ten thousandths of an inch). In the most preferred
practice of the invention, the diameter reduction during the pressure sizing is only
on the order of about 0.1 to 0.15 millimeters (four to six thousandths of an inch).
This latter range in diameter reduction has been found to give accurate sizing of
the round surfaces even with the relative sliding that takes place between the dies
and certain of the round workpiece surfaces due to the different rates of speed as
previously mentioned.
[0018] Also, it should be noted that the dies of each die assembly are disclosed as being
separable from each other since this is the easiest and hence most economical way
to manufacture the die assembly. However, in certain applications, it may be possible
to utilize a die assembly wherein the dies are all made unitary with each other. Such
unitary die assemblies would be more difficult to manufacture and hence more costly
but, nevertheless, could be used to practice the invention.
Brief Description of Drawings
[0019]
Figure 1 is a schematic front view of a machine to perform the cold sizing method
on a round workpiece.
Figure 2 is a sectional view taken along the direction of line 2-2 in Figure 1 to
illustrate elongated die assemblies which are moved rectilinearily in opposite directions
as each other to perform the cold sizing operation;
Figure 3 is a schematic view of another apparatus to perform the cold sizing method
by rotary movement of a pair of rotary die assemblies;
Figure 4 is a sectional view taken along the direction of line 4-4 in Figure 3 to
illustrate the construction of the rotary die assemblies;
Figure 5 is a view illustrating the workpiece after cold sizing thereof has been performed;
and
Figure 6 is a view which illustrates the workpiece after projections in the form of
splines and a thread have been formed on its two smallest round surfaces.
Best Mode for Carrying Out the Invention
[0020] With reference to Figure 1 of the drawings, a schematically illustrated machine is
generally indicated by reference numeral 10 and includes apparatus 12 constructed
to cold size a round workpiece 14 at room temperature as is hereinafter more fully
described. Machine 10 includes a lower base 16, an upper base 18, and a rear connecting
portion 20 that cooperatively define a work space 22 in which the sizing apparatus
12 is located. Elongated lower and upper die assemblies 24a and 24b are respectively
mounted on the lower and upper bases 16 and 18 by suitable slides 26 (Figure 2) that
are movable along slideways 28 of the bases. These slideways 28 extend in a parallel
relationship to each other as shown in Figure 1 such that operation of a schematically
indicated drive mechanism 30 moves the die assemblies 24a and 24b in a parallel relationship
to each other as illustrated by arrows 32. Drive mechanism 30 may be of any suitable
type such as, for example, the one disclosed by US-A-3,793,866.
[0021] As seen in Figure 2, a pair of tool boxes 34 are respectively mounted on the pair
of slides 26 above and below the workpiece 14. Each tool box 34 includes horizontal
and vertical legs 36 and 38 for providing vertical and lateral support to dies of
the die assemblies 24a and 24b as is hereinafter more fully described.
[0022] As illustrated in Figure 2, the round workpiece 14 is shown as the female member
of a universal joint of the type used in vehicle drives. This universal joint member
14 has a central axis A and includes a cup shaped end 40 whose interior has grooves
42 for receiving balls that provide a coupling thereof to a male joint member which
is not shown. A shaft 44 of joint member 14 projects toward the left from its cup-shaped
end 40 and includes round surfaces 46, 48, 50, and 52. These round surfaces have cylindrical
shapes that are coaxial about the central axis A of the joint member 14 and have different
diameters than each other. The largest diameter round surface 46 immediately adjacent
the cup shaped end 40 of the joint member 14 is used to mount a seal that is used
with the joint, while the next smaller round surface 48 receives a bearing that is
utilized to mount the joint member during use. As is hereinafter more fully described,
the round surface 50 which is just slightly smaller than the round surface 48 is ultimately
provided with splines to couple the joint during use. The smallest round surface 52
is ultimately provided with a helical thread for receiving a suitable nut that secures
the joint member in position during use.
[0023] As illustrated in Figure 2, apparatus 12 includes a workpiece support having a headstock
center 54 and a tailstock center 55 that rotatably mount the workpiece 14 about its
central axis A. Headstock center 54 is mounted in a suitable manner on the connecting
portion 20 of the machine 10 illustrated in Figure 1, while the tailstock center 55
is mounted in a suitable manner on an unshown arm that projects forwardly from either
the lower base 16 or the upper base 18 of the machine.
[0024] As illustrated in Figure 2, each of the pair of die assemblies 24a and 24b includes
a plurality of dies 56, 58, 60, and 62 mounted on the associated tool box 34 for movement
with the slide 26 on which the tool box is mounted. End clamps and/or bolts (not shown)
secure the dies to the horizontal leg 36 of the tool box 34 and cooperate with bolts
64 that secure the dies to the vertical leg 38 of the associated tool box. Dies 56,
58, 60, and 62 have associated sizing surfaces 66, 68, 70, and 72 of a flat shape
that extend parallel to each other and to the central axis A of the rotatably mounted
workpiece 14 respectively in alignment with its round surfaces 46, 48, 50, and 42.
Operation of the drive mechanism 30 moves the die assemblies 24a and 24b in opposite
directions as each other as illustrated by arrows 32 to engage the sizing surfaces
66, 68, 70 and 72 at diametrically opposite locations with the round surfaces 46,
48, 50 and 52 of the workpiece 14 as the workpiece rotates about its central axis
A. The spacing between the sizing surfaces on the lower and upper die assemblies 24a
and 24b is such that the round workpiece surfaces 46, 48, 50, and 52 are pressure
sized during the die assembly movement to provide accuracy in the roundness thereof
as well as removal of surface defects.
[0025] It should be noted that during the sizing operation described above, only one of
the workpiece surfaces and the aligned die engage each other in a rolling manner,
while the other workpiece surfaces are engaged by their aligned dies in a combined
rolling and sliding manner. Such sliding along with the rolling accommodates for the
difference in speed of the different surfaces and the fact that the die assemblies
can only move at a single speed. The particular workpiece surface at which just rolling
takes place depends upon the extent of friction generated at surfaces and the balancing
of the resultant torques applied to workpiece 14.
[0026] After the initial sizing, the universal joint member 14 has the construction illustrated
in figure 5 where its round surfaces 46, 48, 50 and 52 are slightly smaller than the
initial size. The reduction in size of the diameters of the round surfaces is very
small as it is always less than 0.5 millimeters (twenty thousandths of an inch). Preferably,
the reduction in the diameters of the round surfaces is less than 0.25 millimeters
(ten thousandths of an inch) and, most preferably, in the range of about 0.1 to 0.15
millimeters (four to six thousandths of an inch).
[0027] As illustrated in figure 1, one of the dies 60 of each die assembly includes a trailing
end 74 having projections 76 for forming projections in the aligned round surface
50 of the workpiece 14.
[0028] Similarly, one of the dies 62 of each die assembly includes a trailing end 78 having
projections 80 for forming projections in the aligned round surface 52 of the workpiece.
As illustrated in Figure 6, the universal joint member 14 has its round surface 50
provided with projections in the form of splines 82 while the round surface 52 has
its projections provided in the form of a helical thread 84. It should be noted that
the projections can only be formed on a single round surface of the workpiece at any
given time due to the difference in speeds of the different surfaces as previously
discussed. Also, with certain machines, there may not be a sufficient stroke length
of the die assemblies to provide the sizing and subsequent splining and threading
operations. In such case, one or both of the projection forming operations can be
performed during a reverse stroking of the die assemblies after first axially shifting
the workpiece into alignment with dies having suitable projections for providing the
required forming operations after the initial sizing.
[0029] After the complete operation, the drive mechanism 30 drives the die assemblies 24a
and 24b out of engagement with the completed workpiece 14. This can be done by continuing
the movement in the direction of arrows 32 in Figure 1 or, if no projections are formed,
by reversing the direction for return stroking movement back to an end to end relationship
of the die assemblies. Upon disengagement of the dies from the workpiece surfaces,
the workpiece is removed from between the die assemblies for use or any further processing
that may be necessary. If the workpiece removal is performed without any reversal,
a return stroking movement must be performed prior to the next cycle.
[0030] With reference to Figures 3 and 4, another apparatus to provide cold sizing of a
round workpiece at room temperature is indicated generally by reference numeral 12'
and includes a pair of rotary die assemblies 24a' and 24b' spaced on opposite sides
of the workpiece 14. A pair of spindles 85 respectively support the pair of die assemblies
24a' and 24b' for rotation about associated axes B spaced on opposite sides of the
workpiece axis A along which the workpiece 14 is rotatably mounted by the support
provided by a headstock center 54 and tailstock center 55.
[0031] Each of the rotary die assemblies 24a' and 24b' includes a plurality of rotary dies
86, 88, 90, and 92 respectively aligned with the round surfaces 46, 48, 50, and 52
of the workpiece 14. These rotary dies each have an annular shape through whose center
a shaft 94 of the associated spindle 85 extends along the axes B about which the rotary
die assemblies are rotatively driven in any suitable manner. Rotary dies 86, 88, 90,
and 92 have round sizing surfaces 96, 98, 100, and 102 that extend parallel to the
central axis A of the workpiece 14 and engage the aligned round surfaces 46, 48, 50,
and 52 of the workpiece upon rotary movement of the die assemblies 24a' and 24b' in
the clockwise direction as illustrated by arrows 104 in Figure 3. Suitable notches
106 are provided in the dies to permit the axial positioning of the workpiece 14 therebetween
in preparation for the sizing operation performed by the apparatus 12'.
[0032] A suitable drive mechanism, such as of the general type disclosed by US-A-4,045,988,
drives the rotary spindles 24a' and 24b' of apparatus 12' to engage the round sizing
surfaces 96, 98, 100, and 102 of the rotary dies with the aligned round surfaces 46,
48, 50 and 52 of the workpiece 14 as the workpiece rotates about its central axis
A. Such engagement of the dies with the workpiece pressure sizes the round surfaces
of the workpiece to provide accuracy in the roundness thereof as well as removing
surface defects.
[0033] Sizing performed by the rotary sizing apparatus 12' of figures 3 and 4 like the linear
type previously described only reduces the diameter of the round workpiece surfaces
a very small extent which is always less than 0.5 millimeters (twenty thousandths
of an inch). This diameter reduction with the rotary embodiment like the linear embodiment
is preferably less than 0.25 millimeters (ten thousandths of an inch) and, most preferably,
in the range of 0.1 to 0.15 millimeters (four to six thousandths of an inch).
[0034] With reference to figure 4, each of the die spindles 85 includes a flange 106 that
engages the adjacent rotary die 92. A threaded portion 108 of each spindle 85 receives
a nut 110 that engages the adjacent rotary die 86 to cooperate with the flange 106
in providing a clamp mechanism for clamping the rotary dies in a stacked relationship.
[0035] One of the rotary dies 90 of each rotary die assembly 24a' and 24b' includes a trailing
end 112 provided with projections 114 for forming projections on the aligned round
surface 50 of the workpiece 14. Like the embodiment of figures 1 and 2, the projections
formed on the round surface 50 are splines 82 as illustrated in figure 6 when the
workpiece is a universal joint member 14 of the type previously described. Likewise,
one die 92 of each rotary die assembly has a trailing end 116 including projections
118 for forming projections on the round surface 52 of the workpiece 14. These projections
118 are in the form of the helical thread 84 illustrated in Figure 6 when the workpiece
is a universal joint member 14 as previously discussed.
[0036] With the rotary sizing apparatus 12', no return stroke in a reverse direction is
necessary as with the linear embodiment of Figures 1 and 2. A reduced cycle time can
thereby be achieved with the rotary sizing apparatus. Also, the rotary apparatus 12'
like the linear apparatus only reduces the diameters of the workpiece surfaces a very
small extend as previously described.
[0037] It should be appreciated that the invention can be carried out in its broadest practice
by sizing of a workpiece having a plurality of round surfaces of different diameters
without any subsequent projection forming. However, the apparatus and method disclosed
have particular utility when constructed and utilized to perform subsequent projection
forming such as the splines and/or thread previously discussed. Separate operations
previously required can be eliminated by this single processing of the workpiece to
thereby reduce its cost.
[0038] It should be appreciated that both types 12 and 12' of die assemblies can also be
constructed with the dies thereof unitary with each other ratherthan separable as
shown. However, it is much easier and hence economical to manufacture the dies separate
from each other which is the reason that such a construction is illustrated.
[0039] While the best modes for practicing the invention have been described in detail,
those familiar with the art to which this invention relates will recognize various
alternative ways of practicing the invention as defined by the following claims.
1. A method for cold sizing a preformed workpiece shaft (14) having a plurality of
cylindrical coaxial portions with round surfaces of different diameters each having
a uniform cross-section throughout its length, which comprises mounting the workpiece
(14) for rotation about the shaft axis between a pair of die assemblies (24a, 24b)
and moving the die assemblies (24a, 24b) in opposite directions to engage sizing surfaces
of the dies (24a, 24b) with the workpiece (14) as the latter rotates about the shaft
axis characterised in that the die assemblies (24a, 24b) have a plurality of opposed
pairs of sizing surfaces (66, 68, 70, 72) corresponding to the number of cylindrical
shaft portions (46, 48, 50, 52) so that each portion is disposed between a respective
one of the pairs of sizing surfaces (66, 68, 70, 72), each sizing surface extends
parallel to the shaft axis for a distance corresponding to the axial length of the
respective shaft portion, pressure is applied simultaneously with the sizing surfaces
(66, 68, 70, 72) to the respective shaft portions (46, 48, 50, 52) throughout their
length to reduce the diameter thereof by an amount less than 0.5 millimeters (20 thousandths
of an inch), and in that no more than one of said pairs of sizing surfaces (66, 68,
70, 72) is in only rolling contact with the round surface of its respective shaft
portion, and any other of said plurality of opposed pairs of sizing surfaces (66,
68, 70, 72) is in sliding and rolling contact with the respective shaft portion (48,
50, 52 54),.
2. A method as claimed in claim 1 wherein the die assemblies (24a, 24b) are moved
rectilinearly in opposite directions and have flat sizing surfaces (66, 68, 70, 72).
3. A method as claimed in claim 1 wherein the die assemblies (24a, 24b) are rotated
and the sizing surfaces (66, 68, 70, 72) thereof are round.
4. A method as claimed in claims 1, 2, or 3, further including the step of sequentially
forming projections on one of the shaft portions (50) by continuing to move the die
assemblies (24a, 24b) following the cold sizing operation to cause said one shaft
portion (50) to be engaged between an opposed pair of projection forming die surfaces
(76) extending from the trailing end (24) of one of said pair of opposed sizing surfaces.
5. A method as claimed in claims 1, 2, or 3, wherein the diameters of the shaft portions
(46, 48, 50, 52) are reduced from the preformed diameter by said sizing surfaces (66,
68, 70, 72) by an amount in the range 0.1 to 0.15 millimeters (4 to 6 thousandths
of an inch).
1. Verfahren zum Kaltwalzen einer vorgeformten Werkstückwelle (14), die mehrere koaxiale
zylindrische Teile mit gekrümmten Oberflächen und verschiedenen Durchmessern aufweist,
von denen jedes über seine gesamte Länge einen gleichbleibenden Querschnitt aufweist,
wobei in dem Verfahren das Werkstück (14) zur Drehung um die Achse der Welle zwischen
einem Walzwerkzeugpaar (24a, 24b) befestigt wird und die Walzwerkzeuge (24a, 24b)
in entgegengesetzte Richtungen bewegt werden, so daß die Walzflächen der Werkzeuge
(24a, 24b) mit dem Werkstück in Eingriff kommen, wenn dieses sich um die Achse der
Welle dreht, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Werkzeuge (24a, 24b) mehrere gegenüberliegende,
einander paarweise zugeordnete Walzflächen (66, 68, 70, 72) entsprechend der Anzahl
der zylindrischen Wellenteile (46, 48, 50, 52) aufweisen, so daß jedes Teil der Welle
zwischen jeweils zwei Flächen eines Walzflächenpaares (66, 68, 70, 72) angeordnet
ist, daß jede Walzfläche parallel zur Achse der Welle über eine Strecke verläuft,
die der axialen Länge des jeweiligen Wellenteiles entspricht, daß mit den Walzflächen
(66, 68, 70, 72) auf die jeweiligen Wellenteile (46, 48, 50, 52) über deren gesamte
Länge gleichzeitig Druck ausgeübt wird, um ihren Durchmesser um weniger als 0,5 mm
(20 Tausendstel eines Inch) zu vermindern, und daß nicht mehr als ein Walzflächenpaar
(66, 68, 70, 72) ausschließlich in Walzkontakt mit der gekrümmten Oberfläche des jeweiligen
Wellenteiles steht und alle anderen jeweils gegenüberliegenden Walzflächen der Walzflächenpaare
(66, 68, 70, 72) in Gleit und Rollkontakt mit dem jeweiligen Wellenteil (48, 50, 52,
54) stehen.
2. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Werkzeuge (24a, 24b)
geradlining in entgegengesetzte Richtungen bewegt werden und flache Walzflächen (66,
68, 70, 72) aufweisen.
3. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Werkzeuge (24a, 24b)
gedreht werden und ihre Walzflächen (66, 68, 70, 72) gekrümmt sind.
4. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, 2 oder 3, ferner dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß an einem
der Wellenteile (50) nacheinander Vorsprünge gebildet werden, indem die Werkzeuge
(24a, 24b) anschließend an den Kaltwalzvorgang weiterbewegt werden, so daß dieses
eine Wellenteil (50) zwischen zwei paarweise gegenüberliegende, Vorsprung-bildende
Werkzeugflächen (76) zu liegen kommt, die sich an dem hinteren Ende (24) des einen
Paares der gegenüberliegenden Walzflächen erstrecken.
5. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, 2 oder 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Durchmesser
der Wellenteile (46, 48, 50, 52) gegenüber dem vorgeformten Durchmesser durch die
Walzflächen (66, 68, 70, 72) um 0,1 bis 0,15 mm (4 bis 6 Tausendstel eines Inch) verringert
werden.
1. Procédé pour le formage à froid d'un arbre (14) de pièce à usiner préformée présentant
une pluralité de parties coaxiales cylindriques à surfaces circulaires de différents
diamètres ayant chacune une section transversale constante sur toute sa longueur,
qui consiste à monter la pièce (14) de façon tournante autour de l'axe de l'arbre
entre deux dispositifs de matriçage (24a, 24b) et à déplacer les dispositifs de matriçage
(24a, 24b) dans des directions opposées de manière à amener des surfaces de calibrage
des matrices (24a, 24b) en contact avec la pièce (14) tandis que celle-ci tourne autour
de l'axe de l'arbre, caractérisé en ce que les dispositifs de matriçage (24a, 24b)
comprennent une pluralité de paires opposées de surfaces de calibrage (66, 68, 70,
72) correspondant au nombre de parties cylindriques (46, 48, 50, 52) de l'arbre de
sorte que chaque partie est située entre une paire respective des surfaces de calibrage
(66, 68, 70, 72), chaque surface de calibrage s'étend parallèlement à l'axe de l'arbre
sur une distance correspondant à la longueur axiale de la partie d'arbre respective,
une pression est appliquée simultanément par les surfaces de calibrage (66, 68, 70,
72) aux parties d'arbre respectives (46, 48, 50, 52) surtoute leur longueur de manière
à réduire leur diamètre d'une quantité inférieure à 0,5 mm (20 millièmes de pouce),
et en ce que pas plus d'une desdites paires de surfaces de calibrage (66, 68, 70,
72) est en contact seulement de roulement avec la surface circulaire de sa partie
d'arbre respective, et toute autre paire de ladite pluralité de paires opposées de
surface de calibrage (66, 68, 70, 72) est en contact de glissement et de roulement
avec la partie d'arbre respective (48, 50, 52, 54).
2. Procédé suivant la revendication 1, dans lequel les dispositifs de matriçage (24a,
24b) sont dé placés de façon rectiligne dans des directions opposées et présentent
des surfaces de calibrage planes (66, 68, 70, 72).
3. Procédé suivant la revendication 1, dans lequel les dispositifs de matriçage (24a,
24b) sont rotatifs et leurs surfaces de calibrage (66, 68, 70, 72) sont circulaires.
4. Procédé suivant les revendications 1, 2 ou 3, comprenant en outre l'opération de
formage séquentiel de saillies sur l'une des parties d'arbre (50), par poursuite du
déplacement des dispositifs de matriçage (24a, 24b) à la suite de l'opération de calibrage
à froid, de manière à amener ladite partie d'arbre (50) en prise entre deux surfaces
opposées de matrice (76) de formage de saillies s'étendant à partir de l'extrémité
arrière (24) d'une dite paire de surfaces de calibrage opposées.
5. Procédé suivant les revendications 1, 2 ou 3, dans lequel les diamètres des parties
d'arbre (46, 48, 50, 52) sont réduits à partir du diamètre préformé, par lesdites
surfaces de calibrage (66, 68, 70, 72), d'une valeur comprise entre 0,1 et 0,15 mm
(4 à 6 millièmes de pouce).