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(11) | EP 0 494 667 A1 |
| (12) | EUROPEAN PATENT APPLICATION |
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| (54) | Washing machine with means for preventing vibrations |
| (57) The present invention relates to a washing machine, in particular for clothes, comprising
a drum, in which the garments to be washed are placed, made to rotate by means of
an electric motor, fed by a regulation device, characterised by the fact that, said
regulation device includes a control system , that in the presence of an uneven distribution
of the load, provides for the synchronisation of the instant in which the spinning
phase is started with the instant in which the uneven load is in such an angular position
that the action of gravity favours the increase of the rotation speed of the drum. |
[0001] The present invention relates to a washing machine, in particular for clothes, comprising a drum, in which the garments are placed, made to rotate by means of an electric motor, fed by a regulation device. It is known that washing machines, and in particular those for clothes, present a problem that, in the presence of an uneven distribution of the the load to be washed, it can occur, during the spinning cycle, inconveniences such as noise, jumping movements of the machine, damage being made to the machine itself or to surrounding furniture, in as much that the machine is not able to reach the spin speed necessary.
[0002] Usually, so as to avoid these problems, a so called distribution phase is provided, after which the spinning phase takes place; this is not always sufficient however in avoiding an uneven distribution.
[0003] There are known protection devices, provided with a device for detecting uneven distribution, that cut the current supplied to the motor in cases of unbalancing (for example note French patent N° 2 289 384), or that reduce the tension of the current (for example note English patent N° 2 174 513).
[0004] Some manufacturers carry out two or three attemps to make the machine starte its spinning cycle; if these attemps result in being negative, the machine stops.
[0006] The invention is based on the knowledge of these facts; the aim of the present invention is to indicate a simple but efficient control system for avoiding the mentioned inconveniences.
[0007] In allowing for such aims the present invention has as its object a washing machine, in particular for clothes, comprising a drum, in which the garments are placed, made to rotate by means of an electric motor, fed by a regulation device, characterised by the fact that said regulation device includes a control system, that in the presence of an uneven distribution of the load, provides for the synchronisation of the instant in which the spinning phase is started with the instant in which the uneven load is in such an angular position that the action of gravity favours the increase of the rotation speed of the drum.
[0008] Further aims and advantages of the present invention will become clear from the detailed description that follows and from the annexed drawings provided as a non limiting example, wherein;
figure 1 represents the diagram of the device for the regulation of the motor speed of a washing machine, according to the invention;
figure 2 represents in detail the diagram of the anti-uneven distribution system of the control device represented in figure 1;
figure 3 represents the course of two voltages detected on the control circuit of figure 1;
in figure 4 the values detected on a known circuit have been filed, during the various phases of the cycle, along with the results of the sixteen tests of starting the spinning;
in figure 5 the values detected on the circuit according to the invention have been filed, during the various phases of the cycle, along with the results of the sixteen tests of starting the spinning. With reference to figure 1, in which the diagram of the device for the regulation of the motor speed of a washing machine, according to the invention is represented, it is to be noted:
- to the left a series of 12 joining terminals to the other parts of the machine, and in particular to the input line of the electrical network, to the turning motor (M) of the drum, to the dynamo tachometer (D) and to the programmer, or timer (T);
- to the upper right a triac (T1) that regulates the motor input, in accordance with the control signal that is received at its control electrode by means of the resistance R2;
- to the centre an integrated circuit (IC1), of the TDA 1085C type by the Motorola company, that has a control function, comparing the voltage received from the dynamo tachometer D and from a controlled resistance network of the timer T;
- to the centre again, below the integrated circuit, a block, distinguished with the symbol AS is noted, that encloses the anti-unbalancing system of the invention.
[0009] The timer T generates the commutations for changing the speed from washing to distribution (higher than that of the washing) and from distribution to spinning (even higher); this occurs substantially by varying the voltages to the pins 5 and 6 of the integrated circuit IC1. In particular for starting the spinning the relationship between the voltages of the pins 6 and 4 is important.
[0010] The circuit of figure 1 is not herein described in greater detail, in as much as it is part of block AS, of a conventional type and known to the man skilled in the art.
[0011] Figure 2 represents in greater detail the diagram of the anti-unbalancing system of the control device represented in figure 1; it is comprised of four operational amplifiers, distinguished with the symbols A, B, C and D; being equal between themselves and all contained in an integrated circuit of the LM 339 type.
[0012] To the left of the figure five terminals are visible, distinguished with the numbers 16, 5, 6, 8 and 9; these corrisponding to the pins of equal numeration of the C.I. TDA 1085C.
pin 8 is connected to the mass (negative pole) of the circuit; the continuous voltage of input is present on pin 9, of approximately +15 Volt.
[0013] The out of balance signal is taken from pin 16 of the TDA 1085 (ring voltage control); in the case of an uneven load pin 16 is provided with a voltage oscillating component (note fig. 3) as the power required of the motor for overcoming the uneven weight varies according to the angular position of said load; during the phase in which the weight is in ascent, the power required is obviously greater than that required during the descent.
[0014] The out of balance signal is taken to the non inverting input of a stage amlifier formed by section B of the integrated LM 339, that serves as a pilot for the stage amplifier D of the same integration. Section D receives at its non-inverting input a fixed threshold voltage of 13,6 volt established by the potential divider made up from the resistences of 68k and 560k; and to its inverting input the output signal of section A.
[0015] The voltage levels in the presence of an unbalanced load are such that sections C and D are with a high output.
[0016] From the pin 5 of the TDA 1085C a signal is withdrawn that is taken to the inverting input of section A and compared to a fixed threshold voltage of 0,9 volt present on the non-inverting terminal of the amplifier itself, and established by the potential divider made up from the resistences 68K and 4,3K (this threshold serves in discriminating between washing phases, in which the voltage of pin 5 is lower than 0,9 V. and successive phases, in which it is greater). The output signal of section A comes from the inverting input of section C, while on the non inverting terminal of the same section the same threshold voltage of 0,9 volt is present.
[0017] The output voltage levels of sections C and D normally hold, in the distribution phase and in the presence of unbalancing, pin 6 of the integrated TDA 1085C at such a level that the motor can not be launched to the spinning speed; only during the moment in which the voltage of pin 16 is at its maximum, i.e. the instant in which the load is at its highest point (superior dead point), the stage amplifier D of the LM 339 goes with a low output and, working as an AND gate, and also pushes to zero the output of stage C; pin 6 of the TDA 1085 can as a consequence pass to a lower voltage level than that of pin 5, a result of which being that the motor can be launched into spinning.
[0018] The resistences of 10K, 15K and 27K on the output of the amplifiers, are "pull up" resistences, indispensable for the working of the comparator LM 339; the diode 1N4148 between the pins 2 and 5 of the LM 339 introduces a hysteresis, preventing the output of section A having influence on the input, but allowing for the opposite condition. The output of the amplifiers C and D are connected to the terminal T8 of the timer; for a clearer understanding of the the functioning, in figure 2 the resistence R19 has been represented using dotted lines, of the diagram of figure 1, by means of which the mentioned outputs result in being connected to pin 6 of the TDA 1085.
[0019] Figure 3 represents the course of two voltages detected on the control circuit of figure 1; to be more exact, the superior part of the figure represents the course of voltage on pin 16 of the TDA 1085, while the lower part of the same figure represents the course of voltage on pin 6 of the same.
[0020] Two instants are represented below the figure: the instant t1 corresponds to the instant in which the timer consents the spinning phase; the instance t2 corresponds to the instant of the effective beginning of such phase.
[0021] Infact it is noted that the voltage of pin 6 remains high even after instant t1, in as much that the voltage of pin 16 is low; only when the voltage of pin 16 (instant t2, load at upper dead point) the voltage at pin 6 can lower, thus starting the spinning phase. In figure 4 the time and voltage values and the revolutions of the motor have been filed, detected on a washing machine of a known type during the various phases of the cycle (washing, distribution, spinning), in three load conditions: zero load, a first load unevenly distributed (900 grms), a second load (1850 grms) unevenly distributed.
[0022] Below are also included the results of the sixteen tests of starting spinning, eight with the first load and eight with the second load; of the sixteen trials with an unevenly distributed load, only three had positive results.
[0023] In figure 5 the time and voltage values and the revolutions of the motor have been filed, detected on a washing machine incorporating the control system of unbalancing according to the invention, during the same phases of the cycle as in figure 4 and with the same three load conditions.
[0024] Below are also included the results of the sixteen tests of starting spinning, eight with the first load and eight with the second load; all of the sixteen trials with an unevenly distributed load had positive results.
[0025] The invention is based on the consideration that the inconveniences take place with an unbalanced load when the rotation speed is the same as the resonance speed of the system; the fact of starting the spinning the instant in which the load is at its highest obtains, with the aid of gravity, the facilitating of gaining the speed of the system, thus allowing to overcome the critical speed, taking advantage of the inertia of the unit.
[0026] The characteristics of the described washing machine become clear from the description and annexed drawings.
[0027] From the description the practical advantages of the washing machine, object of the present invention also become clear.
1. Washing machine, in particular for clothes, comprising a drum, in which the garments
to be washed are placed, made to rotate by means of an electric motor, fed by a regulation
device, characterised by the fact that said regulation device includes a control system
(AS), that in the presence of a balancing of the load, provides for the synchronisation
of the instant in which the spinning phase is started with the instant (t2) in which
the uneven load is in such an angular position that the the action of gravity favours
the increase of the rotation speed of the drum.
2. Washing machine, according to claim 1, characterised by the fact that in said instant
(t2) the unbalanced load is to be substantially found at the upper dead point.
3. Washing machine, according to claims 1 or 2, characterised by the fact that said control
system (AS) comprises means (A, B, C, D) that prevent the launching of the spinning
phase until instant (t2) in which the unbalanced load is to be found in said angular
position.
4. Washing machine, according to claim 3, characterised by the fact that said prevention
means (A, B, C, D) keeps the voltage of control of the regulation device (IC1) at
such a level that it does not permit the motor to reach the spin speed before said
instant (t2).
5. Washing machine, according to claim 3, characterised by the fact that said prevention
means comprise an AND gateand two inputs (C, D), to which indicative signals relating
to the rotation speed (V5) and the angular position of the load (V16) are applied,
so as that the passage to a speed higher than a determined value can take place only
when the load is to be found in a determined angular position.
6. Washing machine, according to claim 5, characterised by the fact that said indicative
signal of the angular position of the load (V16) is supplied by means (IC1) sesitive
to the instantaneous load that the turning motor must undertake.
7. Washing machine, according to claim 3 or 4, characterised by the fact that said prevention
means comprise operational amplifiers (A, B, C, D).
8. Washing machine, according to claim 1, characterised by the fact that said regulation
device comprises an integrated circuit (IC1).
9. Washing machine, according to claim 7, characterised by the fact that said operational
amplifiers (A, B, C, D) are contained in an integrated circuit (LM 339).
10. Washing machine, according to claim 9, characterised by the fact that said integrated
circuit (IC1) is of the TDA 1085C type.
11. Washing machine, according to claim 7, characterised by the fact that the output of
two of said operational amplifiers (C, D) remains high until said instant (t2) and
therefore, after said instant (t2) passes low.
12. Washing machine, according to claim 7, characterised by the fact that the output of
two of said operational amplifiers (C, D) are connected to pin 6 of said integrated
circuit (TDA 1085C).