Coil device

Description

Field of the Invention

[0001] The present invention relates to a coil device for use in a flyback transformer, a switching power transformer, a choke coil or the like. And more particularly, it relates to a coil device employing a magnetic core with a gap starting from the DE-C-31 23 006.

Description of the Prior Art

[0002] In any of the conventional transformers, choke coils and so forth known heretofore, it is customary to form a gap in a closed magnetic path so that the magnetic core thereof is not saturated when a desired current is caused to flow. For example, when a ferrite magnetic core usually having a magnetic permeability µ of 5000 or so is used in a transformer, a gap (hereinafter referred simply to as gap) is formed therein to reduce the effective permeability µ within a range of 50 to 300.

[0003] This signifies that a gap having a great magnetic reluctance needs to be existent in a ferrite magnetic core of which magnetic reluctance is originally small, whereby a great leakage flux is generated in the periphery of the gap.

[0004] It is generally known that such leakage flux exerts at least two harmful influences as follows.

(1) Noise is induced in peripheral apparatus (components) which are prone to be affected by magnetic induction.

(2) In case the coil is so wound as to surround the gap, there occurs abnormal generation of heat in the coil around the gap due to the leakage flux.

[0005] For the purpose of solving the above problems, a variety of improvements have been developed.

[0006] In an attempt to settle the problem (1), there is contrived an exemplary method of forming a gap merely in the coil alone. However, such method brings about another fault that worsens the problem (2) on the contrary.

[0007] With regard to the problem (2), some prior examples are known as disclosed in Japanese Patent Laid-open No. 55 (1980)-77115 and Utility Model Laid-open No. 57 (1982)-130402, wherein a gap positioned in a coil is divided magnetically into a plurality of serial portions so as to disperse the concentration of leakage flux. In the prior means developed for solving the problems (1) and (2), there are known examples as disclosed in Japanese Utility Model Publication Nos. 53 (1978)-53850 and 60 (1985)-7448, wherein a gap filler, of which relative permeability is greater than that of air (greater than 1), is used to reduce the magnetic reluctance in the gap portion so as to diminish the leakage flux.

[0008] When such gap filler of a material having a greater relative permeability than that of air (greater than 1) is disposed inside of a coil, there exists a possibility that the problems (1) and (2) can be solved to some extent.

[0009] In the DE-C-31 23 006 a transformer is described in which a variable cross section of an air gap on the secondary side of the transformer is used to reduce the current in the transformer. The thickness of this air gap is much larger than that of the rigid air gap. Such a transformer is especially used for a circuit to produce the voltage for deflection of the lines of a television apparatus. However, the german patent DE 31 23 006 does not describe a minimization of the harmful influence of noise to peripheral apparatus or components and does not diminish any leakage flux generated in the periphery of a gap to prevent generation of heat in the coil around the gap.

[0010] However, even in such an improved structure, another problem is still left unsettled that the leakage flux is concentrated on the boundary between the gap and the magnetic core, and in addition a new problem also arises with regard to difficulty in obtaining a satisfactory material which has an adequate permeability as a gap filler and still retains a high saturation flux density and low core loss characteristic equivalent to that of the magnetic core. Consequently some disadvantages are unavoidable including that the coil wound on the boundary between the gap and the magnetic core is heated to an abnormal extent, and the gap portion is also heated excessively due to the core loss of the gap filler material, and further the B-H curve of the magnetic core with the gap filler inserted therein is rendered nonlinear to eventually cause wave form distortion when the coil device is used in a transformer. Thus, in the current technical stage, completely effective improvements are not available.

OBJECTS AND SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

[0011] It is therefore an object of the present invention to solve the above problems and provide an improved coil device which is capable of minimizing the harmful influence of noise to peripheral apparatus (components) and diminishing any leakage flux generated in the periphery of a gap to consequently prevent abnormal generation of heat in the coil around the gap.

[0012] And another object of the present invention resides in providing an improved coil device which realizes lower production cost and enhanced reliability.

[0013] For the purpose of achieving the objects mentioned, some alterations have been accomplished in a coil device comprising two magnetic cores each having U-shape in section which form a closed magnetic path therein with their legs being opposed to each other and having a gap in such path, and a coil wound so as to cover the gap. And the feature of the present invention resides in a structure where the mutually opposed portions of the magnetic cores in the region to form the gap are so shaped that the cross-sectional area of the fore end becomes smaller than the corss-sectional area of the base end.

[0014] Furthermore, with regard to the magnetic core portions in the region to form the gap, the rate of the cross-sectional area of the fore end to that of the base end is defined to be within a range of 1 to 90 percent.

[0015] Other features reside in that fore end is shaped with curves defined by logarithmic functions, and a planar member is provided on the fore end, or projections are formed on the face of the fore end.

[0016] Due to the constitution mentioned there occurs no concentration of any leakage flux between the gap and the core end faces, and since no gap filler is used, any core loss is not induced to consequently achieve the above objects.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0017] 

Fig. 1 schematically shows an exemplary embodiment of the coil device according to the present invention;

Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram illustrating the shape of a gap portion in a magnetic core used in a conventional coil device;

Figs. 3 through 7 are schematic diagrams illustrating the shapes of gap portions in magnetic cores which are not inventive;

Fig. 8 graphically represents a B-H curve in the conventional coil device using magnetic core with the gap shown in Fig. 2;

Figs. 9 through 13 graphically represent B-H curves in coil devices using magnetic cores with the gaps shown in Figs. 3 through 7;

Fig. 14 illustrates how temperatures are detected in individual portions of the coil device according to embodiments which are not inventive and

Figs. 15 through 22 are schematic diagrams illustrating modifications of the gap in the magnetic cores which could be used in the coil devices which are not inventive.

Figs. 23 through 25 are schematic diagrams illustrating modifications of the gap in the magnetic cores used in the coil devices of the present invention;

Figs. 26 and 27 are perspective views illustrating further modified shapes of the magnetic core used in the coil device of the invention.

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

[0018] A coil device 1 shown in Fig. 1 comprises two sectionally U-shaped magnetic cores 2, 3 of which fore ends but to each other, wherein a gap 5 is formed between opposed faces of one-side legs 2a, 3a and a coil 4 is wound thereon.

[0019] Some examples of such sectionally U-shaped magnetic cores are illustrated in Figs. 26 and 27. In the example of Fig. 26, a rectangular core is shaped into U, and its one-side leg is shaped to be columnar. The text example of Fig. 27 is a magnetic core 33 having four legs, one of which legs is a columnar leg 33a. In the actual coil device, a pair of such cores are combined with each other and a coil is wound on the columnar legs thereof, although merely a single core is illustrated in each of the above diagrams. And such core is composed of ferrite material.

[0020] Referring now to the accompanying drawings, the characteristic and the structure of an embodiment of the present invention will be described in comparison with that of a conventional example.

[0021] Fig. 2 illustrates the shape of gap portions in magnetic cores used in a conventional coil device, wherein the shapes of mutually opposed ends 2b and 3b of the magnetic cores and the gap width thereof are so determined that the effective permeability of the magnetic core is rendered uniform in the entirety. The opposed ends 2b₁ and 3b₁ of the magnetic cores in the conventional coil device of Fig. 2 are shaped to be columnar in a manner that the sectional areas thereof remain unchanged. And the gap has a width of 3mm.

[0022] In the exemplary magnetic cores which are not inventive shown in Figs. 3,4 and 5, opposed ends 2b₂, 3b₂ are so shaped that the sectional areas thereof are reduced by tapered portions 2d, 3d toward opposed faces 2c, 3c, and the gap 5 is formed to have a width of 2.5 mm in Fig. 3, 2.0 mm in Fig. 4, and 1.8 mm in Fig. 5 respectively so that the effective permeability µ becomes uniform. In further examples, opposed ends 2b₃, 3b₃ of Fig. 6 are so formed that the sectional areas thereof are reduced by stepped projections 2e, 3e; and opposed ends 2b₄, 3b₄ of Fig. 7 are so formed that the sectional areas thereof are reduced, and a core member 5a identical in material with the magnetic cores is inserted there between while being held in a gap filler (not shown) which exerts no harmful influence on the magnetic permeability µ.

[0023] Fig. 8 graphically represents a B-H curve obtained in a conventional coil device using magnetic cores of the shape shown in Fig. 2, and Figs. 9 through 13 graphically represent B-H curves in coil devices using magnetic cores of the shapes shown in Figs. 3 through 7, respectively. Comparing such curves with one another, the saturation magnetic flux density Bm in the conventional coil device with opposed ends of the known shape shown in Fig. 8 is 5510 Gs; whereas in the coil devices which are not inventive using magnetic cores of the shapes shown in Figs. 9, 10, 11, 12 and 13, the saturation magnetic flux densities are 5480, 5400, 5200, 5330 and 5400 Gs, respectively. It is also found that the linearity in the latter is not changed, although each desity thereof is slightly lower than that in Fig. 8.

[0024] Table 1 shown below is a list of experimental results obtained by using a tester 6 of Fig. 14 and detecting the temperatures in coil centers X, coil ends Y, cores Z and peripheries W of coil devices 1 having the opposed ends of the aforementioned shapes (under the testing conditions including a frequency of 100 kHz, a current of 0.8 A, sine wave and ambient temperature of 40 °C ). (In this table, the shapes (a) through (f) correspond respectively to the shapes of magnetic cores shown in Figs. 2 through 7.)

[0025] In comparison with the known shape of Fig. 2, the shapes in the embodiments shown in Figs. 3 through 7, being not inventive, are so improved that, as listed in Table 1, the temperature in the coil center X is lower by 5 to 20 °C ;the temperature in the coil end Y is lower by 3 to 12°C the temperature in the core Z is lower by 1.5 to 10°C ; and the temperature in the periphery W is lower by 2.5 to 5.5 °C . In the shape of Fig. 7, the saturation magnetic flux density is retained at a relatively high value, and the temperatures in the individual portions are lower due to the insertion of a core member 5a which is composed of the same material as that of the magnetic core.

[0026] A variety of modifications to the present invention may be contrived. For example, a gap filler of a suitable material free from exerting any harmful influence on the magnetic permeability µ may be inserted in the gap, and the gap may be formed between some other legs than the center legs. As for the shape of the opposed ends, similar effects can be achieved in modified ones as well as in the exemplary shapes of the aforementioned embodiments on condition that the sectional area is reduced toward the opposed faces. The present invention is applicable also to any device with one, three or more closed magnetic paths. It is a matter of course that the invention can be carried into effect in any other coil device than the aforementioned embodiments.

[0027] In each of the embodiments described, equivalent effects are attainable if, with regard to the mutually opposed core portions in the region to form a gap, the rate of the cross-sectional area of the fore end to that of the base end is within a range of 1 to 90 percent.

[0028] In addition, if the fore ends of the magnetic cores 10a, 10b are so curved as defined by logarithmic functions, as illustrated in Fig. 23, then the characteristics can further be enhanced when such magnetic cores are employed in the coil device. The curves of such fore end shape are expressed by the following logarithmic functions:


   When the fore ends of magnetic cores 11a, 11b are furnished with planar members 12, 12 as illustrated in Fig. 24, remarkable convenience is achieved since the areas of the fore end faces remain unchanged in adjusting the gap there between by partially grinding the planar faces of such members in parallel with each other.

[0029] In another example where projections 14, 14 are formed on the faces of fore ends of magnetic cores 12a, 12b as illustrated in Fig. 25, there is attainable an advantage of rendering the flux density uniform in the gap and reducing the leakage flux that interlinks with the coil.

Claims

1. A coil device comprising:
two magnetic cores each being U-shaped in section and having first and second legs, the first leg being longer than the second leg, said two magnetic cores being positioned so as to form a magnetic path therein with the first and second legs of one of said two magnetic cores being mutually opposed to the first and second legs, respectively, of the other said two magnetic cores, the mutually opposed second legs forming a gap in the magnetic path,
characterized in that each of the second legs being formed such that a fore end of each of the second legs is tapered from a base end to a center of the fore end to become narrow according to a logarithmic curve represented by the equation:





where X_g is a distance from a center of the gap to a surface of the fore end of one of the second legs, X_s is a distance from the center of the gap to the base end of the one second leg, X is a distance from an origin of coordinates of an X-axis along a longitudinal centerline of the second legs wherein the origin is the center of the gap, r_s is a radius of the base end of the one second leg, and r is a radius of the one second leg relative to X along the X-axis; and
a coil wound so as to cover the gap, wherein mutually opposed portions of the mutually opposed second legs of said magnetic cores to form the gap are completely enclosed by said coil.

2. A coil device according to claim 1, wherein the mutually opposed portions of the second legs forming the gap are formed such that a ratio of the cross-sectional area of the fore end to that of the base end is within a range of 1 to 90 percent.

3. A coil device according to claim 1, wherein a member having a planar surface is provided on said fore end.

4. A coil device according to claim 1, wherein projections are formed on the face of said fore end.

5. A coil device having first and second magnetic cores each having a first leg formed longer than a second leg, the first legs of said first and second cores being positioned with each other and the second legs being positioned with each other, respectively, in opposing relationship so as to form a gap between opposing surfaces of the second legs, a coil being wound so as to enclose the gap completely,
characterized in that each of the second legs forming the gap and opposed from each other being formed such that a fore end of each of the second legs is tapered from the base end to a center of the fore end to become narrow according to a logarithmic curve represented by the equation:





where X_g is a distance from a center of the gap to a surface of the fore end of one of the second legs, X_s is a distance from the center of the gap to the base end of the one second leg, X is a distance from an origin of coordinates of an X-axis along a longitudinal centerline of the second legs wherein the origin is the center of the gap, r_s is a radius of the base end of the one second leg, and r is a radius of the one second leg relative to X along the X-axis.

6. A coil device according to claim 5, wherein the second legs forming such that a ratio of the cross-sectional area of the fore end to that of the base end within a range of 1 to 90 percent.

7. A coil device according to claim 5, wherein a member having a planar surface is provided on the fore end.

8. A coil device according to claim 5, wherein projections are formed on a face of the fore end.

Ansprüche

1. Spulenelement, welches folgendes aufweist:
zwei Magnetkerne mit jeweils U-förmigem Querschnitt und mit einem ersten und zweiten Schenkel, wobei der erste Schenkel länger als der zweite ist und wobei die beiden Magnetkerne so angeordnet sind, daß sie zwischen sich einen Magnetweg bilden, während der erste und zweite Schenkel eines der beiden Magnetkerne jeweils dem ersten bzw. zweiten Schenkel des jeweils anderen der beiden Magnetkerne gegenüberstehen, und wobei die sich gegenüberstehenden zweiten Schenkel einen Spalt im Magnetweg bilden,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß jeder der zweiten Schenkel, die so geformt sind, daß jedes ihrer Vorderenden von einem Sockelende zu einer Mitte des Vorderendes hin konisch zuläuft und sich dabei gemäß einer logarithmischen Kurve verjüngt, die durch folgende Gleichung darstellbar ist:





wobei X_g den Abstand von einem Mittelpunkt des Spalts bis zu einer Oberfläche des Vorderendes eines der zweiten Schenkel angibt, X_s für einen Abstand von der Mitte des Spalts bis zum Sockelende des einen zweiten Schenkels steht, X einen Abstand von einem Koordinatenursprung einer X-Achse entlang einer Mittellängslinie der zweiten Schenkel bezeichnet, wobei der Ursprung die Mitte des Spalts ist, r_s einen Radius des Sockelendes des einen zweiten Schenkels angibt, und r einem Radius des einen zweiten Schenkels relativ zu X entlang der X-Achse entspricht; und
daß eine Spule so gewickelt ist, daß sie den Spalt überdeckt, wobei sich jeweils gegenüberliegende Abschnitte der den Spalt bildenden und sich gegenüberstehenden zweiten Schenkel der Magnetkerne von der Spule vollständig umschlossen sind.

2. Spulenelement nach Anspruch 1,
bei welchem die sich gegenüberstehenden Abschnitte der den Spalt bildenden zweiten Schenkel so geformt sind, daß ein prozentualer Anteil der Querschnittsfläche des Vorderendes zu der des Sockelendes in einem Bereich zwischen 1 und 90 Prozent liegt.

3. Spulenelement nach Anspruch 2,
bei welchem auf dem Vorderende ein Teil mit ebener Fläche vorgesehen ist.

4. Spulenelement nach Anspruch 1,
bei welchem auf der Fläche des Vorderendes Vorsprünge ausgebildet sind.

5. Spulenelement mit einem ersten und einem zweiten Magnetkern, wobei an den Kernen jeweils ein erster Schenkel länger als ein zweiter Schenkel ausgebildet ist, und wobei die ersten Schenkel der ersten und zweiten Kerne jeweils gegenüber einander positioniert sind und die zweiten Schenkel jeweils gegenüberliegend so angeordnet sind, daß zwischen sich gegenüberliegenden Flächen der zweiten Schenkel ein Spalt gebildet wird, während eine Spule so aufgewickelt ist, daß sie den Spalt vollständig umschließt,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß jeder der den Spalt bildenden und sich gegenüberliegenden zweiten Schenkel so geformt ist, daß ein Vorderende jedes der zweiten Schenkel von einem Sockelende zu einer Mitte des Vorderendes hin sich konisch gemäß einer logarithmischen Kurve verjüngt, die durch folgende Gleichung darstellbar ist:





wobei X_g den Abstand von einem Mittelpunkt des Spalts bis zu einer Oberfläche des Vorderendes eines der zweiten Schenkel angibt, X_s für einen Abstand von der Mitte des Spalts bis zum Sockelende des einen zweiten Schenkels steht, X einen Abstand von einem Koordinatenursprung einer X-Achse entlang einer Mittellängslinie der zweiten Schenkel bezeichnet, wobei der Ursprung die Mitte des Spalts ist, r_s einen Radius des Sockelendes des einen zweiten Schenkels angibt, und r einem Radius des einen zweiten Schenkels relativ zu X entlang der X-Achse entspricht.

6. Spulenelement nach Anspruch 5,
bei welchem die zweiten Schenkel so geformt sind, daß ein Verhältnis der Querschnittsfläche des Vorderendes zu der des Sockelendes in einem Bereich zwischen 1 und 90 Prozent liegt.

7. Spulenelement nach Anspruch 5,
bei welchem auf dem Vorderende ein Teil mit ebener Fläche vorgesehen ist.

8. Spulenelement nach Anspruch 5,
bei welchem auf der Fläche des Vorderendes Vorsprünge ausgebildet sind.

Revendications

1. Élément de bobine comprenant:
deux noyaux d'aimant, chacun à section en U, ainsi qu'une première branche et une deuxième branche, dont la première branche est plus longue que la deuxième, les deux noyaux d'aimant étant disposés de façon qu'il forment une voie magnétique y entre, pendant que les première et deuxième branches d'un des deux noyaux d'aimant faisant face respectivement à la première ou respectivement la deuxième branche du respectivement autre desdits deux noyaux d'aimant, et lesdites deuxièmes branches opposées formant un entrefer dans ladite voie magnétique,
caractérisé en ce que chacune desdites deuxièmes branches, qui sont formées de façon que chacune de ses extrémités avant s'étendent en cône, partant d'une extrémité de base vers un centre de l'extrémité avant, et étant réduit selon la loi d'une courbe logarithmique laquelle on peut représenter par l'équation suivante:





où X_g corresponde à la distance entre un centre de l'entrefer et une surface de l'extrémité avant d'une desdites deux branches, X_s représente la distance entre le centre dudit entrefer et l'extrémité de base de ladite une deuxième branche, X corresponde à une distance entre un point d'origine de coordonnées d'un axe X le long d'une ligne médiane longitudinale de ladite deuxième branche, ledit point d'origine étant le centre de l'entrefer, et où r_s corresponde à un rayon de l'extrémité de base de ladite une deuxième branche, et r représente un rayon de ladite une deuxième branche relativement à X le long de l'axe X; et
en ce qu'une bobine est enroulée de façon qu'elle couvre ledit entrefer, des partes respectivement opposées desdites deuxièmes branches opposées, qui forment ledit entrefer, desdits noyaux d'aimant étant renfermées complètement par ladite bobine.

2. Élément de bobine selon la revendication 1,
dans lequel les parties opposées desdites branches, qui forment ledit entrefer, sont formées de façon qu'un taux de l'aire de section de l'extrémité avant relativement à celle de ladite extrémité de base soit dans une gamme entre 1 et 90 pour cent.

3. Élément de bobine selon la revendication 2,
dans lequel un élément à face plane est disposé sur ladite extrémité avant.

4. Élément de bobine selon la revendication 1,
dans lequel des parties en saillie sont formées sur l'aire de ladite extrémité avant.

5. Élément de bobine à un premier et un deuxième noyaux d'aimant, lesdits noyaux présentant chacun une première branche plus longue qu'une deuxième branche, dans lequel lesdites premières branches desdits premier et deuxièmes noyaux sont positionnées l'une enface de l'autre, et lesdites deuxièmes branches étant disposées chacune en face, de façon à former un entrefer entre les faces opposées desdites deuxièmes branches, pendant qu'une bobine est enroulée de façon à entourer ledit entrefer complètement,
caractérisé en ce que chacune desdites branches, qui forment ledit entrefer et font face l'une à l'autre, est formée de façon qu'une extrémité avant de chacune desdites deuxièmes branches est réduite en cône, partant d'une extrémité de base vers un centre de l'extrémité avant, suivant la loi d'une courbe logarithmique laquelle on peut représenter par l'équation suivante:





où X_g corresponde à la distance entre un centre de l'entrefer et une surface de l'extrémité avant d'une desdites deux branches, X_s représente la distance entre le centre dudit entrefer et l'extrémité de base de ladite une deuxième branche, X corresponde à une distance entre un point d'origine de coordonnées d'un axe X le long d'une ligne médiane longitudinale de ladite deuxième branche, ledit point d'origine étant le centre de l'entrefer, et où r_s corresponde à un rayon de l'extrémité de base de ladite une deuxième branche, et r représente un rayon de ladite une deuxième branche relativement à X le long de l'axe X.

6. Élément de bobine selon la revendication 5,
dans lequel lesdites deuxièmes branches sont formées de façon qu'un taux de l'aire de section à l'extrémité avant relativement à celle de ladite extrémité de base soit dans une gamme entre 1 et 90 pour cent.

7. Élément de bobine selon la revendication 5,
dans lequel un élément à face plane est disposé sur ladite extrémité avant.

8. Élément de bobine selon la revendication 5,
dans lequel des parties en saillie sont formées sur l'aire de ladite extrémité avant.

Drawing