[0001] This invention concerns a type of inverter-based velocity control device for elevator
induction motors. More specifically, this invention concerns a type of accelerating/decelerating
control unit of induction motors in an open-loop velocity control system.
[0002] Recently, the induction motor has been adopted as the primary motor of elevators.
The induction motor is usually driven by an inverter with variable voltage and variable
frequency (VVVF). In this type of elevator driving device made of a combination of
an induction motor and inverter, the velocity control of the induction motor is usually
performed using the open-loop control by a voltage inverter for the low-velocity elevator,
and using the velocity feedback control with a velocity detector in the medium- or
high-speed elevator.
[0003] Among these methods, for the open-loop velocity control method, following the velocity
pattern, the output frequency and the output voltage of the inverter are controlled
so that acceleration, deceleration, or constant velocity is realized to conform to
the velocity pattern. In this velocity control method, a velocity detector is not
needed, and there is no need to have a backup means for solving faults in the velocity
detection system. However, since there is no velocity detection that determines the
motor speed, and hence the elevator cage velocity and lift distance data, the floor-settling
precision is poor as the load varies.
[0004] The present applicant has proposed a velocity control scheme that solves the aforementioned
problem by making correction for the variation portion of the load torque (see Japanese
Kokai patent Application No. Hei 1[1989]-268479). The concept of this scheme is as
follows: From the dc current of the inverter's principal circuit, the slip frequency
of the motor is derived; from the aforementioned slip frequency, the output torque
of the motor and the load torque of the motor are derived and the rotating speed is
calculated; and from its difference from the velocity pattern, the frequency and voltage
of the inverter are corrected.
[0005] In addition the present applicant also proposed a scheme for correcting the torque
boost for realizing a necessary driving force needed for the large load torque as
the motor operates at a low speed. In this scheme, just as in the aforementioned scheme,
the torque is detected from the dc current and the variation in the load torque is
corrected (see Japanese Kokai Patent Application No. Hei 1[1989]-252193).
[0006] For an inverter for an elevator using the open-loop velocity control method without
a velocity sensor, in the conventional device, in a prescribed high-velocity region
of the elevator, the slip frequency is derived by detecting the dc current; from the
slip frequency, the motor velocity correction and the torque correction are performed,
so as to improve the floor-settling accuracy.
[0007] However, in the open-loop velocity control method, the slip frequency increases as
the load of the elevator increases, and the output current of the inverter rises.
[0008] As the inverter output current rises, if it exceeds the rating of the switch element
of the reverse conversion main circuit, the switch element is damaged by the surge
current. In order to protect the element and the motor (the load) when the output
current rises and in case of commutation failure, a surge current protecting circuit
is provided, and the inverter unit is stopped as the surge current is detected.
[0009] However, as the surge current shuts off the system, the operation of the elevator
is stopped. The reliability of the system is decreased and frequent service and repair
have to be performed. In order to solve this problem, a scheme has been proposed to
limit the inverter output current before the inverter output current rises to the
surge current shutoff level. However, due to this current limitation, a significant
difference arises between the velocity pattern and the elevator velocity, and the
floor-settling position deviates significantly.
[0010] The purpose of this invention is to solve the aforementioned problems of the conventional
methods by providing a type of velocity control device in which there is no surge
current shutoff caused by an increase in the load of the elevator, and the floor-settling
accuracy can be increased.
[0011] According to this invention, in order to solve the aforementioned problems, the inverter-based
velocity control device for elevator induction motors performs open-loop velocity
control with acceleration, deceleration, or constant velocity; in the deceleration
control mode, as the cage of the elevator arrives at a deceleration start position
at a prescribed distance L from the cage floor-settling position, deceleration D is
carried out. This velocity control device has a judgment means for limiting the surge
current, which can detect when the output current of the inverter reaches a surge
current limiting level lower than the surge current shutoff level, and a velocity
correction control means which in response to said detection performs a constant-velocity
control with the velocity fixed at the current velocity V
i, with the constant-velocity control continued for time T₁ from the time point when
the cage arrives at the aforementioned deceleration start position, with T₁ preferably
determined by the following formula:
, and which then performs deceleration control with the aforementioned deceleration
after said time T₁.
[0012] According to this invention with the aforementioned configuration, before the surge
current shutoff point, the output current of the inverter is determined by the aforementioned
surge current limit judgment means, and the operation is performed at a constant velocity
V
i, with V
i maintained for a prescribed time T₁ after the cage arrives at the deceleration start
position; then, deceleration is performed at deceleration D identical to that of the
velocity pattern. In this way, for the different constant velocities, the deceleration
distance from the deceleration start point to the floor-settling point is the same,
and the floor-settling accuracy is identical to that when the control is performed
according to the velocity pattern.
[0013] An embodiment of the invention will now be described by way of example only and with
reference to the drawings, in which:
Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of an inverter control circuit according to this invention.
Figure 2 shows waveforms of the operation of the circuit of Fig. 1.
[0014] Figure 1 is an equipment configuration diagram illustrating an application example
of this invention. The ac power of ac power source (1) is converted to dc power by
rectifier (2), and it is smoothed by capacitor (3). The dc power is then converted
to ac power with output frequency and voltage controlled by a voltage inverter principal
circuit (4), and sent to induction motor (5) used as the power source of the elevator.
Control of the operation frequency and voltage of the inverter principal circuit (4)
is carried out by control of the gate pulse frequency and pulse width from a controller
(6). In this way, the operation speed of motor (5) drives the load of cage (8) and
balance weight (9).
[0015] At control unit (6) with CPU (10) as its central portion, according to the operation
commands of the elevator, a velocity pattern is formed or given, with prescribed acceleration/deceleration
and with constant-velocity time corresponding to the lift distance (floor movement
distance). CPU (10) obtains the inverter operation frequency and voltage (amplitude)
from this velocity pattern and slip frequency S from slip operator circuit (11). From
this frequency and voltage, gate pulses with PWM waveform can be obtained at PWM generating
unit (12).
[0016] At the slip operator circuit (11), just as in the conventional case, from the detected
signal i
dc of current detector (13) which detects dc current I
dc of inverter principal circuit (4) the current-torque conversion and the torque-slip
frequency conversion are performed so as to derive the slip frequency S. In addition,
the present applicant once proposed a scheme of calculation of the slip frequency
directly from the dc current detected value. This direct conversion scheme may also
be adopted in this configuration.
[0017] At CPU (10), from slip frequency S, the output torque of motor (5) and the load torque
are derived, and the rotation speed of motor (5) is derived. The difference between
the rotation speed and the velocity pattern is used as a correction signal of the
inverter control output frequency. According to the corrected velocity, the commands
of frequency f and voltage G are generated.
[0018] The portion of the configuration described up to now is identical to the conventional
configuration. In this application example, there are also judgment means for limiting
the surge current consisting of peak current detector (14), A/D converter (15) and
surge current limit judgement unit (16), and a velocity correction control means in
the case of surge current limit judgment using the computing function of CPU (10).
[0019] Peak current detector (l4) detects peak value I
pp of detected current i
dc of current detector (l3); A/D converter (15) converts peak value I
pp to a digital signal; and surge current limit judgment unit (16) determines when peak
value I
pp in digital form reaches the surge current limit value. The surge current limit judgment
means has the same configuration as that of the conventional surge current shutoff
judgment means. However, the judgment level is set lower than the level of the surge
current shutoff state, and it provides an output of judgment of the surge current
limit before the surge current shutoff.
[0020] The velocity correction means set in CPU (10) performs constant-velocity control
at the current velocity when the judgment of the surge current limit is made, with
the constant-velocity control maintained for a prescribed time T₁ after cage (8) arrives
at the deceleration start position, and it then performs the deceleration control
with a deceleration identical to that in the velocity pattern after time T₁.
[0021] The velocity correction control of the aforementioned velocity correction control
means can prevent surge current shutoff by making a constant-velocity control at the
current velocity when the surge current limit is reached. In this constant-velocity
control, the constant velocity is lower than the constant velocity of the velocity
pattern. If the deceleration is carried out at the same deceleration as that of the
velocity pattern from the point when cage (8) arrives at the deceleration start position,
there would be a significant deviation from the desired floor-settling position when
the cage is stopped. However, the constant-velocity control is continued for a prescribed
time T₁, followed by deceleration at the same deceleration as that of the velocity
pattern. In this way, the aforementioned problem can be solved and the floor-settling
accuracy can be guaranteed.
[0022] Figure 2 shows the operation waveform diagram in this application example. In the
same way as in the conventional scheme, the acceleration, deceleration and constant-velocity
control are performed by control device (6) according to the velocity pattern V. The
deceleration control is performed at a prescribed deceleration when cage (8) of the
elevator arrives at a deceleration start position P
b at a prescribed distance L from the floor-settling position. In this case, as indicated
by the solid line, inverter output current I
out has a waveform with peaks in the acceleration and deceleration phases.
[0023] When the load of the elevator is increased, the inverter output current increases
as indicated by the broken line and tends to reach surge current shutoff current I
oc. When the current reaches surge current limit current I
CL (≦I
oc) set at judgment unit (16) (time point t₁), the judgment output of said judgment
unit (16) activates the velocity correction control means of CPU (10), so that the
velocity is locked at the current velocity V
i instead of following the velocity of the velocity pattern V, and the constant-velocity
control is carried out at said velocity V
i. In this way, inverter output current I
out does not rise to surge current shutoff judgment value I
oc, the surge current shutoff can be avoided, and the operation of the elevator can
be continued.
[0024] Then, as cage (8) reaches deceleration start point P
b, a signal of arrival at the deceleration start point is sent to CPU (10). Upon receiving
this signal, the velocity is maintained at V
i for a prescribed time of T₁. Then, from time point t₂ after T₁, the cage is decelerated
at a deceleration D identical to that of the velocity pattern V and is finally stopped.
[0025] In this deceleration control, time T₁ at which the area of region A is equal to the
area of region B is determined beforehand. That is, in the velocity pattern V, the
distance for deceleration to stop at a prescribed deceleration from deceleration start
point P
b corresponds to the area of this portion, and the deceleration start point is set
appropriately to ensure that the aforementioned distance is equal to the distance
from the deceleration start point to the floor settlement point. On the other hand,
from the judgment of the surge current limit, if the distance of deceleration to stop
from velocity V
i at the same deceleration is identical to the aforementioned distance, the same floor-settling
position can be reached. In this case, the distance corresponds to the area after
deceleration start point P
b, and time T₁ is calculated to ensure that the area of region A is equal to the area
of region B.
[0026] This control scheme for matching the floor-settling position from a velocity different
from the prescribed velocity of the velocity pattern has been proposed by the present
applicant. Time T₁ can be calculated using the following formula:
where, L: distance between deceleration start position
and floor-settling position
V
i: constant velocity
D: deceleration of the velocity pattern.
[0027] According to this invention, a surge current limit level is set and detected before
the inverter output current rises to the surge current shutoff level due to increase
in the load of the elevator; then, a constant-velocity control is performed with the
velocity at the point of detection taken as the velocity; after a prescribed time
T₁, which is determined to ensure the same deceleration distance as that of deceleration
according to the velocity pattern after the cage arrives at the deceleration start
point, deceleration is performed with the same deceleration as that of the velocity
pattern. In this way, there is no surge current shutoff caused by increase in the
elevator load, and the floor-settling precision can be made identical to that in the
case of the velocity pattern.