BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION:
1. Field of the Invention:
[0001] The present invention relates to an electrophotographic photoreceptor. More particularly,
it relates to a highly sensitive and durable electrophotographic photoreceptor.
2. Prior Art:
[0002] In these days, an electrophotographic technique, which may instantly produce an image
with a high quality, has been widely used and applied in the fields of various kinds
of printers as well as of a copying machine.
[0003] As photoconductive materials for the photoreceptor which is one of the essential
part of the electrophotographic technique, inorganic ones such as selenium, arsenic-selenium
alloy, cadmium sulfide and zinc oxide have been generally used. In addition, organic
photoconductive materials have been recently used for the photoreceptor because they
have many advantages over the inorganic photoconductive materials, for example, they
are light in weight and may be easily prepared and formed into a film.
[0004] As the organic photoreceptor, there have been known of a so-called dispersed type
in which fine photoconductive powder is dispersed in a binder resin and of a layered
type comprising a charge generating layer and a charge transporting layer on an electroconductive
support. Please refer to, for example, USP 4,396,696. The latter type is mainly put
to a practical use in view of its high sensitivity and high durability against printing.
[0005] However, the sensitivity and durability of the conventional organic layered-type
photoreceptor are still insufficient as compared with inorganic one which uses arsenic-selenium
alloy. Therefore, various attempts have been made for further improving such properties.
[0006] New photosensitive material with higher sensitivity has been sought for improving
the sensitivity of the photoreceptor, while photosensitive material which will deteriorate
little and binder material with high mechanical strength have been also sought for
improving its durability. As a result, materials having a sufficient sensitivity and
electric durability have been successfully developed. However, the photosensitive
material with a sufficient mechanical durability has been not yet obtained.
[0007] Consequently, a photosensitive layer may be abrased and its film thickness may accordingly
be decreased by a practical load such as friction with toner or paper, or friction
with a cleaning member although a degree of the decrease depends on the method and
load used. Such decrease in the film thickness may result in reduction of a charging
property and, when the reduction exceeds an allowable range in a developing system,
the life of the photoreceptor will expire so as to deteriorate the durability against
printing.
[0008] The mechanical durability may vary mainly depending on the binder resin for the charge
transporting layer. Although acrylic resin, methacrylic resin, polyester resin, polycarbonate
resin and the like are usually used for the binder resin, these materials have not
yet been provided with a sufficient strength in the prior art. Accordingly, when they
are used in a process having a normal blade-cleaning system, the photosensitive layer
will be remarkably abrased by copying for several tens of thousands of sheets, causing
the need of replacement thereof. Although varying depending on the resin material
and process, the decrease of the film in thickness caused by such abrasion is usually
about from 0.2 to 1 µm after copying ten thousands of sheets. Various studies have
been therefore made on the conditions of use and on new materials in order to decrease
an amount of said abrasion.
[0009] The present inventors have made various studies to find a method of improving the
durability while using various conventional materials, and have found that the change
of electrical properties due to the abrasion, particularly, the reduction in a charging
capacity can be prevented by sufficiently increasing the film thickness of the photosensitive
layer as compared with the conventional ones, specifically, by greatly increasing
the film thickness of the charge transporting layer.
[0010] However, for an usual layered-type photoreceptor, the electrical properties were
proved to be remarkably degraded by increasing the film thickness of the charge transporting
layer, causing a decrease in the sensitivity and a remarkable increase in a residual
potential, which can be no more suitable to practical use.
[0011] It has been now found, however, that the above disadvantages may be compensated,
or rather the sensitivity may be improved as long as the layered-type photoreceptor
has specific electric properties, even if the thickness of the charge transporting
layer is made much thicker than the conventional layer of about 10 to 20 µm thickness.
Consequently, photosensitive material with more excellent durability and higher sensitivity
as compared to the conventional one may be obtained.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION:
[0012] Thus, an object of the present invention is to provide a photoreceptor of excellent
durability and sensitivity by combining a charge generating layer and a charge transporting
layer such that the photoreceptor should have a sufficiently low electric-field dependency
of a quantum yield η, and by defining a specific film thickness for the charge transporting
layer.
[0013] Namely, the present invention resides in a layered-type organic electrophotographic
photoreceptor in which a charge generating layer containing organic charge generating
material and a charge transporting layer containing organic charge transporting material
are constructed on an electroconductive support, characterized in that a value
n is not greater than 0.5 in the following equation (1):
where η represents a quantum yield as the whole photoreceptor, E represents an electric
field and η₀ represents a constant, and that a film thickness of said charge transporting
layer is not less than 30 µm. DE-A-3034564, EP-A-120581 and GB-A-1337222 describe
organic electrophotographic photoreceptors, and disclose upper limits for the thickness
of the organic charge transporting layer of 100 µm, 50 µm, and 100 µm, respectively;
the optimal thicknesses, as substantiated by the examples, however are situated at
5-10 µm, 25 µm, and 7 µm, respectively.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS:
[0014] Fig. 1 illustrates the quantum yield of the photoreceptor in Example 1 and the electric-field
dependency thereof. Fig. 2 illustrates a relationship between a film thickness (abscissa)
and reciprocal for the sensitivity E 1/2 (ordinate) in the photoreceptor in Example
1. Figs. 3, 4 and 5 show the quantum yield of the photoreceptors and the electric-field
dependency thereof in Example 2, Comparative Examples 1 and 2, respectively.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS:
[0015] The present invention is to be described more in detail.
[0016] The photoreceptor according to the present invention basically comprises the charge
generating layer and the charge transporting layer. It is preferred that the charge
generating layer and the charge transporting layer may be constructed in this order
on the electroconductive support. Accordingly, the following description will be made
with reference to this type, the invention being, however, not limited thereto.
[0017] As the electroconductive support, there may be used metal materials such as aluminum,
stainless steel, copper and nickel, insulative supports such as polyester film and
paper having on its surface an electroconductive layer made of aluminum, copper, palladium,
tin oxide, indium oxide or the like.
[0018] A known barrier layer employed usually may be disposed between the electroconductive
support and the charge generating layer. As the barrier layer, there may be used,
for example, a metal oxide layer such as anodized aluminum film, and a resin layer
such as of polyamide, polyurethane, cellulose or casein. In addition, other layers
may also be provided in the photoreceptor according to the present invention.
[0019] The photoreceptor according to the present invention necessarily has a specific physical
property regarding photoconductivity.
[0020] That is, it is necessary that the quantum yield η as the whole photoreceptor should
have such a low electric-field dependency that the value
n is not greater than 0.5, when η is approximated by the power of the electric field
E as shown by the following equation (1):
[0021] The "quantum yield as the whole photoreceptor" used herein is represented as a ratio
of the number of electric charges at the surface of the photoreceptor neutralized
by the carriers generated under excitation by an incident light for exposing the photoreceptor
and transported against the number of photon of said light. The quantum yield is also
referred to as a xerographic gain or photoinjection efficiency.
[0022] Generally, η depends on the electric field and wavelength of the incident light.
The "electric field E" used herein is an average electric field applied in the photoreceptor,
which means a value obtained by dividing the surface potential with the film thickness
of the photoreceptor.
[0023] The wavelength of the incident light corresponds to that of the light used for image
exposure since the low electric-field dependency described above is required in this
wavelength region.
[0024] η may be measured by a method, for example, as described in the Journal of Physical
Review vol. 1, No.12, p 5163 - 5174, and determined by the following equation:
where C is a static capacity of the photoreceptor, e is an electron charge, N is a
number of incident photons per unit time and
is an initial photo-decaying rate. As the incident light upon measurement, a monochromatic
light at the wavelength region used for the image exposure is employed.
[0025] Although it is difficult to uniformly determine a mode of the electric-field dependency
of the quantum yield, the mode is expressed in the present invention as a slope of
an approximated straight line obtained by plotting both the electric field and the
quantum yield in a logarithmic scale. Such slope corresponds to the number of power
when the quantum yield is expressed by the power of the electric field. For this approximation,
linear regression by a general least square method may be effectively used. Generally,
the electric-field dependency tends to deviate greatly from the approximated straight
line in a lower electric field due to various factors. Then, the electric-field dependency:n
used in the present invention may be defined by the straight line approximated preferably
in a range from 1 x 10⁵ v/cm to 5 x 10⁵v/cm of the electric field, which is a region
usually employed for the photoreceptor and, more preferably, in a range from 5 x 10⁴
v/cm to 5 x 10⁵ v/cm.
[0026] The quantum yield of the layered-type photoreceptor is determined based both on the
charge generating efficiency in the charge generating layer and on injection efficiency
from the charge generating layer to the charge transporting layer. However, the loss
of charge during injection may be negligible except for in an extremely low electric
field region, if the organic charge transporting material is properly selected. Accordingly,
in such case, the quantum yield may be substantially determined only by the charge
generating efficiency in the charge generating layer. Further, the loss of the charge
during transportation will be also negligible if the charge transporting layer is
properly selected, so that the quantum yield does not depend on the film thickness.
Consequently, for reducing the electric-field dependency of the quantum yield in the
present invention, it is necessary to select such charge generating material as having
charge generating efficiency with a low electric-field dependency.
[0027] It is generally said that the quantum yield of organic photoconductive materials
is greatly dependent on the electric field. However, it has been found by the present
inventors that the low electric-field dependency of the quantum yield can be attained
by appropriately selecting both of the organic charge generating material and the
organic charge transporting material. Although such combination of the both materials
has not yet been completely specified, the organic charge generating material used
in the present invention may be selected from various kinds of organic charge generating
materials such as, for example, azo dyes, phthalocyanine dyes, quinacridone dyes,
perylene dyes, polycyclic quinone dyes, indigo dyes, benzoimidazole dyes, pyrylium
salts, thiapyrylium salts, and squalilium salt pigments, depending on the purpose.
[0028] The charge generating layer may be formed as a uniform layer by a vacuum-evaporation
of the above charge generating material or as a layer of binder resin in which the
same material is dispersed in a finely particulated form. As the binder resin in the
latter case, there may be used various types of binder resins such as polyvinyl acetate,
polyacrylic ester, polymethacrylic ester, polyester, polycarbonate, polyvinyl butyral,
phenoxy resin, cellulose or urethane resin. The charge generating layer may have thickness
of usually from 0.1 µm to 1 µm and, preferably from 0.15 µm to 0.6 µm.
[0029] Further, as the organic charge transporting material used in the charge transporting
layer, there may be mentioned electron attracting materials, for example, 2,4,7-trinitrofluorenone
and tetracyano quinodimethane, and electron donating material, for example, heterocyclic
compounds such as carbazole, indole, imidazole, oxazole, thiazole, oxadiazole, pyrazole,
pyrazoline and thiadiazole; aniline derivatives; hydrazone derivatives; conjugated
system compounds having stilbene skeleton; and those polymers having groups derived
from such compounds in a main or side chain.
[0030] The binder resin may further be blended together with the charge transporting material
in the charge transporting layer and, as the binder resin, there may be used thermoplastic
resins such as polycarbonate resin, acrylic resin, methacrylic resin, polyester resin,
polystyrene resin and silicone resin, as well as various thermosetting resins. Particularly,
polycarbonate resin and polyester resin, which cause little damages, even if suffering
from abrasion, are preferred. As a bisphenol group for the polycarbonate resin, various
known groups such as bisphenol A, C and Z may be used, and those polycarbonates comprising
the bisphenol C or Z are preferred.
[0031] Further, well-known additives such as ones for improving a film-forming property
and flexibility, and ones for suppressing the accumulation of the residual potential
may be incorporated in the charge transporting layer according to the present invention.
It is necessary that the film thickness of the charge transporting layer should not
less than 30 µm, the thickness from 30 µm to 60 µm being preferable,and the thickness
from 35 µm to 50 µm being more preferable.
[0032] The electrophotographic photoreceptor thus obtained has extremely excellent properties
such as the high sensitivity and the remarkably improved durability.
[0033] The photoreceptor according to the present invention may be used for electrophotographic
copying machines, as well as for printers and facsimiles using light emitting diodes
(LED), LCD shutters, cathode-ray tubes and the like as a light source in a general
applied electrophotography technique.
[0034] The present invention will be more specifically described referring to non-limiting
examples, which should, however, not be construed as limiting the scope of the present
invention. In the following descriptions, "part(s)" means "part(s) by weight".
Example 1
[0035] To 10 parts of a bisazo compound I having the following structure, 100 parts of ethyleneglycol
dimethyl ether was added and dispersed in a sand grinding mill. The resultant dispersion
was mixed with a solution containing 5 parts of phenoxy resin (trade name; PKHH, manufactured
by Union Carbide Co.) and 5 parts of polyvinyl butyral resin (#6000, manufactured
by DENKI KAGAKU KOGYO KABUSHIKI KAISHA) dissolved in 100 parts of ethyleneglycol dimethyl
ether, to obtain a coating solution of a charge generating layer. The coating solution
was applied by dipping an aluminum cylinder of 80 mm diameter therein, the surface
of which cylinder was mirror-finished, to give the charge generating layer. The film
thickness after drying was 0.4 µm.
[0036] On the surface of the charge generating layer thus obtained, a solution comprising
100 parts of N-methyl carbazole-3-aldehyde diphenyl hydrazone, 100 parts of bisphenol
A polycarbonate resin (NOVALEX® 7025 A, manufactured by MITSUBISHI CHEMICAL INDUSTRIES
LTD.), 0.5 parts of a cyano compound of the following structure and 8 parts of ditertiary
butyl hydroxy toluene (BHT) dissolved in 1,4-dioxane was applied by dipping the previously
coated aluminum cylinder therein so that the film thickness of each charge transporting
layer upon drying was 10 µm, 17 µm, 25 µm, 30 µm and 40 µm, respectively.
[0037] These photoreceptors are referred to as 1-A, 1-B, 1-C, 1-D and 1-E, respectively.
For the photoreceptor 1-B, an initial potential-decaying rate was measured by using
a monochromatic light at 550 nm as an incident light, and a capacitance of a photosensitive
layer was determined to thereby obtain the quantum yield as the whole photoreceptor
and the electric-field dependency thereof. The results are shown in Fig. 1. Furthermore,
measurements were conducted in the same manner for the samples 1-A and 1-D to obtain
substantially the same results, which are also shown in Fig. 1. It can be seen from
the results that the quantum yield of the photoreceptor does not depend on the film
thickness and that the dependency of the quantum yield of the photoreceptor on the
electric field is so low that it may be approximated by an exponent of 0.4 for the
electric field. Then, the sensitivities of the samples 1-A, 1-B, 1-C, 1-D and 1-E
to white light and to the light at a wavelength of 550 nm were determined as a half-decay
exposure amount (an exposure amount required for decaying an initial surface potential
700V to its half value) E 1/2. These results, as well as electrophotographic characteristics
such as the charging property and the residual potential are shown in Table 1.
[0038] For these photoreceptors, it can be seen that along with the increase of the thickness
of the charge transporting layer, the sensitivity may be rather improved in addition
to the increase of the charging property and that there is no remarkable disadvantage
such as an increase of the residual potential. Fig. 2 shows a relationship between
the film thickness (abscissa) and the reciprocal of the sensitivity E 1/2 at 550 nm
(ordinate).
[0039] Then, durability test was conducted for the samples 1-B and 1-D by using them as
the photoreceptor in a commercially available copying machine having a blade cleaning
process (SF 8200, manufactured by Sharp Corp.). The results are shown in Table 2.
[0040] Vd represents the surface potential in an unexposed area, VL represents the surface
potential in an exposed area and Vr represents the residual potential, respectively
(also in Table 4). In both the photoreceptors 1-B and 1-D, decrease of about 6 µm
in thickness was observed after copying 100,000 sheets. However, in the sample 1-D,
although a slight increase in the residual potential was observed, the surface potentials
were little reduced and image quality was not changed at all after the above copying
operation, so that 1-D was proved to have the durability for more than 100,000 copies.
On the other hand, in the sample 1-B, although there was no remarkable change in image
quality up to 50,000 sheets of copy, there was observed, after that, a gradual reduction
in density and, the potentials were greatly reduced to lower the image density after
100,000 sheets of copy. From a practical point of view, the life of 1-B was estimated
to be about 50,000 sheets.
Example 2
[0041] Photoreceptor samples 2-A, 2-B, 2-C, 2-D and 2-E were prepared in the same procedures
as in Example 1 except for using an azo dye II having the following structure as the
charge generating material. The film thickness of each charge transporting layer was
10 µm, 16 µm, 25 µm 30 µm and 42 µm, respectively.
[0042] The quantum yield as the whole photoreceptor was measured for the samples 2-B and
2-D in the same method as in Example 1. The results are shown in Fig. 3. In the case
of these photoreceptors, it can be seen that the electric-field dependency is smaller
than in Example 1 and the quantum yield may be approximated by an exponent of 0.22
for the electric field, thus showing no substantial dependency on the electric field.
[0043] For evaluating the dependency on the film thickness of the charge transporting layer
in these photoreceptors, electric characteristics such as the sensitivity of the samples
2-A --- 2-E were measured. The results are shown in Table 3.
[0044] It can be seen also in these photoreceptors that the sensitivity may be improved
along with the increase of the thickness of the charge transporting layer and that
the sensitivity is remarkably high when the film thickness is great, without accompanying
any problem.
[0045] Durability test was conducted for the sample 2-D in the same manner as in Example
1 and it was found that there was no particular change in image quality after copying
150,000 sheets and that a high printing durability may be obtained by increasing the
film thickness greater than that in the conventional case. The data for the potential
characteristics in this case are shown in Table 4.
Comparative Example 1
[0046] Photoreceptor samples 3-A, 3-B, 3-C, 3-D and 3-E were prepared in the same procedures
as in Example 1 except for using oxytitanium phthalocyanine as the charge generating
material. The film thickness of each charge transporting layer was 10 µm, 18 µm, 25
µm, 30 µm and 41 µm, respectively.
[0047] The quantum yield of these photoreceptors was determined in the same manner as in
Example 1. Data obtained for the samples 3-A and 3-D are shown in Fig. 4. It was found
from Fig. 4 that the dependency of the quantum yield on the electric field was great
and the quantum yield may be approximately in proportion with an exponent of 0.9 for
E.
[0048] Then, for evaluating a relationship between the properties and film thickness of
the photoreceptors in this system, some properties for the sampls 3-A --- 3-E were
measured. The results are shown in Table 5.
[0049] It was found that the dependency of the quantum yield on the electric field was great
and that along with the increase of the film thickness, the sensitivity was worsened.
Particularly, 1/5 decay exposure amount (represented by "E 1/5" in the above table)
as a substantial index for the sensitivity when developing an image was increased
and the residual potential was also remarkably increased, along with the increase
of the film thickness. As seen from the above, use of the charge transporting layer
with a film thickness of 25 µm or more would remarkably deteriorate the characteristics
and make it difficult to employ such layer in practical use.
Comparative Example 2
[0050] Photoreceptor samples 4-A, 4-B and 4-C were prepared in the same procedures as in
Example 1 except for using an azo dye (III) having the following structure as the
charge generating material. The film thickness of each charge transporting layer was
19 µm, 30 µm and 40 µm, respectively.
[0051] The quantum yield of these samples was determined in the same manner as in Example
1. Data obtained for the samples 4-A and 4-B are shown in Fig. 5. It can be seen from
Fig. 5 that the dependency of the quantum yield on the electric field is also great
and that it is approximately in proportion with an exponent of 0.86 for E.
[0052] Then, characteristics for the samples 4-A, 4-B and 4-C were measured for evaluating
a relationship between the characteristics and film thickness of the photoreceptors
in this system. The results are shown in Table 6.
[0053] It can be seen that along with the increase of the film thickness, there is no particular
change in sensitivity but only the residual potential was remarkably increased. It
may be considered that use of the charge transporting layer with a film thickness
of 30 µm or more would provide no particular advantage but rather deteriorate the
characteristics of the photoreceptors.
1. A layered-type organic electrophotographic photoreceptor in which a charge generating
layer containing an organic charge generating material and a charge transporting layer
containing an organic charge transporting material are constructed on an electroconductive
support, the film thickness of said charge transporting layer being not less than
30 µm,
characterized in that the photoreceptor has a value
n of not greater than 0.5 in the following equation (1) of an approximated straight
line obtained by plotting both the electric field of from 1 x 10⁵ V/cm to 5 x 10⁵
V/cm and the quantum yield in a logarithmic scale:
where η represents the quantum yield as the whole photoreceptor, E represents an
electric field of from 1 x 10⁵ V/cm to 5 x 10⁵ V/cm, and η
o represents a constant determined by said approximation, and specific to the photoreceptor.
2. The layered-type organic electrophotographic photoreceptor according to Claim 1, in
which the film thickness of said charge transporting layer is from 30 µm to 60 µm.
3. The layered-type organic electrophotographic photoreceptor according to claim 1. in
which the film thickness of said charge transporting layer is from 35 µm to 50 µm.
4. The layered-type organic electrophotographic photoreceptor according to Claim 1, 2
or 3, in which said organic charge generating material comprises at least one material
selected from the group consisting of azo dyes, phthalocyanine dyes. quinacridone
dyes, perylene dyes, polycyclic quinone dyes, indigo dyes, benzoimidazole dyes, pyrylium
salts, thiapyrylium salts, and squalilium salt pigments.
5. The layered-type organic electrophotographic photoreceptor according to Claim 1,2,3
or 4, in which said organic charge transporting material comprises at least one material
selected from the group consisting of carbazole, indole, imidazole, oxazole, thiazole,
oxadiazole, pyrazole, pyrazoline, thiadiazole, aniline derivatives, hydrazone derivatives,
conjugated system compounds having stilbene skeleton and those polymers having groups
derived from such compounds in a main or side chain, 2,4,7-trinitrofluorenone and
tetracyano quinodimethane.
1. Organischer elektrophotographischer Photorezeptor vom Schicht-Typ, bei welchem eine
ein organisches, ladungserzeugendes Material enthaltende, ladungserzeugende Schicht
und eine ein organisches, ladungstransportierendes Material enthaltende, ladungstransportierende
Schicht auf einem elektroleitfähigen Träger ausgebildet sind, wobei die Filmdicke
der ladungstransportierenden Schicht nicht weniger als 30 µm beträgt,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Photorezeptor einen Wert
n von nicht größer als 0,5 in der folgenden Gleichung (1) einer angenäherten geraden
Linie aufweist, welche erhalten wird durch Auftragen sowohl des elektrischen Feldes
von 1 x 10⁵ V/cm bis 5 x 10⁵ V/cm und der Quantenausbeute in einer logarithmischen
Skala:
worin η die Quantenausbeute des gesamten Photorezeptors bedeutet, E ein elektrisches
Feld von 1 x 10⁵ V/cm bis 5 x 10⁵ V/cm und η
o eine Konstante bedeutet, welche durch diese Annäherung bestimmt wird und für den
Photorezeptor spezifisch ist.
2. Organischer elektrophotographischer Photorezeptor vom Schicht-Typ nach Anspruch 1,
wobei die Filmdicke der ladungstransportierenden Schicht 30 µm bis 60 µm beträgt.
3. Organischer elektrophotographischer Photorezeptor vom Schicht-Typ nach Anspruch 1,
wobei die Filmdicke der ladungstransportierenden Schicht 35 µm bis 50 µm beträgt.
4. Organischer elektrophotographischer Photorezeptor vom Schicht-Typ nach Anspruch 1,
2 oder 3, wobei das organische ladungserzeugende Material mindestens ein Material
umfaßt, welches aus der aus Azofarbstoffen, Phthalocyaninfarbstoffen, Chinacridonfarbstoffen,
Perylenfarbstoffen, polycyclischen Chinonfarbstoffen, Indigofarbstoffen, Benzoimidazolfarbstoffen,
Pyriliumsalzen, Thiapyriliumsalzen und Squaliliumsalz-Pigmenten bestehenden Gruppe
gewählt ist.
5. Organischer elektrophotographischer Photorezeptor vom Schicht-Typ nach Anspruch 1,
2, 3 oder 4, wobei das organische ladungstransportierende Material mindestens ein
Material umfaßt, welches aus der aus Carbazol, Indol, Imidazol, Oxazol, Thiazol, Oxadiazol,
Pyrazol, Pyrazolin, Thiadiazol, Anilinderivaten, Hydrazonderivaten, Verbindungen eines
konjugierten Systems mit einem Stilben-Grundgerüst und solchen Polymeren mit von solchen
Verbindungen abgeleiteten Gruppen in einer Haupt- oder Seitenkette, 2,4,7-Trinitrofluorenon
und Tetracyanochinodimethan bestehenden Gruppe gewählt ist.
1. Photorécepteur électrophotographique organique de type multicouches dans lequel une
couche générant la charge contenant un matériau organique générant la charge et une
couche transportant la charge contenant un matériau organique transportant la charge
sont déposées sur un support électroconducteur, l'épaisseur de ladite couche transportant
la charge n'étant pas inférieure à 30 µm, caractérisé en ce que le photorécepteur
possède une valeur
n non supérieure à 0,5 dans l'équation suivante (1) d'une droite approchée obtenue
en portant sur une échelle logarithmique le rendement quantique en fonction d'un champ
électrique de 1 x 10⁵ V/cm à 5 x 10⁵ V/cm:
dans laquelle η représente le rendement quantique du photorécepteur entier, E représente
un champ électrique compris entre 1 x 10⁵ V/cm et 5 x 10⁵ V/cm, et η₀ représente une
constante déterminée par ladite approximation, et spécifique du photorécepteur.
2. Le photorécepteur électrophotographique organique de type multicouches selon la Revendication
1, dans lequel l'épaisseur de ladite couche transportant la charge est de 30 µm à
60 µm.
3. Le photorécepteur électrophotographique organique de type multicouches selon la Revendication
1, dans lequel l'épaisseur de ladite couche transportant la charge est de 35 µm à
50 µm.
4. Photorécepteur électrophotographique organique de type multicouches selon la Revendication
1, 2 ou 3, dans lequel ledit matériau organique générant la charge comprend au moins
un matériau choisi parmi le groupe consistant en colorants azoïques, colorants de
type phthalocyanines, colorants de type quinacridone, colorants de type pérylène,
colorants de type quinones polycycliques, colorants de type indigo, colorants de type
benzoimidazoles, pigments de sels de pyrylium, de sels de thiapyrylium, et de sels
de squalilium.
5. Photorécepteur électrophotographique organique de type multicouches selon la Revendication
1, 2, 3 ou 4, dans lequel ledit matériau organique transportant la charge comprend
au moins un matériau choisi parmi le groupe constitué de carbazole, indole, imidazole,
oxazole, thiazole, oxadiazole, pyrazole, pyrazoline, thiadiazole, dérivés de l'aniline,
dérivés de l'hydrazone, composés à système conjugué ayant un squelette stilbène et
les polymères comportant des groupes dérivés de ces composés sur une chaîne principale
ou latérale, 2,4,7-trinitrofluorénone et tétracyano quinodiméthane.