Field of the Invention
[0001] This invention is related generally to a cleated field-sports shoe including a sole
of the type having ground-penetrating cleats extending from a main sole surface, and
having heel, arch, ball-of-the-foot, and toe portions comprising an annular cleat
set projecting from the main sole surface and disposed along a substantially circular
path encompassing a major area of the toe and ball-of-the-foot portions, the set having
a plurality of cleat nodes each arranged in a substantially abutting relationship
to at least one adjacent cleat node.
[0002] Each cleat node has a base portion which is joined to the main sole surface and has
a length (L) measured generally along the path and a thickness (T) measured generally
radially to the path, the length (L) being substantially greater than the thickness
(T), each cleat node having a distal end spaced from the main sole surface and first
and second edges on opposite sides of the distal end.
[0003] Each cleat node distal end has a length, as measured generally along the path, which
is substantially less than the length (L) of the base portion, and a thickness, as
measured generally radially to the path, which is substantially less than the thickness
(T) of the base portion; and each of said first and second edges being the intersection
of two substantially planar surfaces which together form an angle (A) substantially
centered on said path and each edge having a proximal end terminating substantially
on the circular path.
Background of the Invention
[0004] Many athletic shoes used for field sports, such as football, soccer, lacrosse, baseball
and softball, have a number of typically truncated cone-shaped cleats for the purpose
of increasing traction. Cleats dig into the turf to prevent slipping during starting,
stopping, and cutting maneuvers.
[0005] However, in addition to providing desirable traction for starting, stopping and cutting,
such cleats typically provide very undesirable resistance to pivoting. This can be
a disadvantage in at least two ways.
[0006] First, the resistance of many prior art cleating arrangements to turning movements
can create stresses within the leg when unwanted torque or force is applied to the
athlete, particularly to the athlete's leg. Injuries, particularly knee and ankle
injuries, can result if a twisting movement is forcibly applied to a leg at a time
when the cleats are firmly planted in the turf and release is difficult or impossible.
[0007] Second, when pivoting is inhibited, maneuverability of the athlete is limited, thus
making performance less than it could be. Enhancing the ability of a player to pivot
while still maintaining good traction and foot stability can greatly increase effectiveness
on the field.
[0008] Recent athletic shoe cleating developments of Michael L. Tanel, the inventor herein,
involving annular cleating provided a combination of greatly improved pivotability
and excellent traction. These developments tend to reduce the chance of athletic injuries
and significantly improve maneuverability on the field. Examples of such cleating
are disclosed in United States Patent Nos. 4,577,422, 4,653,206, 4,660,304, 4,669,204,
4,723,365 and 4,748,752.
[0009] Further, the U.S. Patent 4,689,901 of Frederick Ihlenburg shows a cleated field-sports
shoe sole with the features cited in the preambles of claims 1 and 7 for enhanced
turning traction and release characteristics with toe traction arrays which are of
a generally circular basis.
[0010] The improvement in pivotability made possible with shoes in accordance with the principles
of such patents is dramatic, and such shoes give the athletes wearing them a natural
feeling of freedom together with good feeling of traction for stopping, starting and
cutting.
[0011] Despite the improvements which these developments represent, additional improvement
is needed to provide functional advantages not realized or fully realized in the prior
art. Certain conditions and situations must be addressed and are addressed by the
improvements of this invention.
[0012] One significant concern regarding cleated field sport-shoes, including those disclosed
in the patents noted above, relates to the degree and ease of penetration of cleats.
Ease of penetration has a significant effect on how well a shoe functions. If there
is insufficient ground penetration or if ground penetration is difficult, there may
be less traction than is desirable and less contact with the turf than is needed for
the best possible fixed-position pivoting.
[0013] In this regard, consideration must be given to, among other things, the total area
of the cleat ends, that is, the total area of the distal surface(s) of the cleat or
cleats. Generally speaking, the greater the total end area bearing on the ground,
the more difficult it may be for a cleat to penetrate the ground; the smaller the
total end area bearing on the ground, the easier it may be for a cleat to penetrate.
This effect is accentuated when the ground is hard.
[0014] Sharpening the distal end(s) of cleat(s), whether the shoe has discrete cleats or
an annular cleat with an annular distal edge, tends to reduce the total area of cleat
distal surface. However, it may also cause concern about injury from player contact
with such sharp edges. This latter concern particularly arises in the cases of hard
plastic or metal cleats.
[0015] Whether in pivoting motions or non-pivoting motions, maintenance of stability and
traction is important under all conditions. Particular consideration must be given
to the traction available from a cleated field-sports shoe when the wearer is playing
on grassy turf with a very compact and hard underlying earth surface. Little if any
earth penetration may be possible under such conditions, depending on the extent of
turf hardness and compaction. The concern about hard ground under grassy turf is particularly
significant when the grass is wet, as often occurs late in the evening or early in
the morning because of dew.
[0016] The design of the sole can and should address such condition. When penetration is
difficult, traction may depend in part on the extent of rubber "grab" on the ground
and in part on the extent of "tangle" which is possible with the grass. When the grass
is also wet, rubber "grab" is minimized and "tangle" becomes more important to an
athlete's traction. Of course, the athlete does not wish to sacrifice pivotability
under these conditions any more than he does under other turf conditions.
[0017] Another important consideration relates to the degree to which the underlying turf
is destroyed when played upon by wearers of cleated shoes. With standard cleating
arrangements, when pivoting occurs considerable ground or turf destruction can occur;
that is, the turf may be ground up. This is not only harmful to the ground, but in
itself causes a loss of foot traction. With an annular cleat, ground destruction is
minimized, thus enhancing foot traction. There is a need to have the benefits of both
sorts of cleats without unduly destroying turf.
[0018] While free pivotability is highly desirable, some athlete's would like there to be
a degree of control in such pivotability. Providing a cleating arrangement with a
modicum of initial resistance to pivoting would be regarded as desirable by some.
However, generally free pivotability beyond that point is considered extremely important.
Once again, there is a perceived need for some benefits of annular cleating combined
with some benefits of old-style standard cleating arrangements.
[0019] Still another concern relates to the strength of cleats. Cleat bending and breakage
can be a problem. It is considered very beneficial, of course, for cleats to be highly
resistant to bending and breakage. Improvements in cleat structural strength are desirable.
[0020] In very soft ground, the lateral profile of some standard cleats of the prior art
is sometimes too small to provide a sufficient level of resistance to through-ground
sliding. Ground can be displaced when side pressure occurs, thus providing a failure
of traction. Providing cleats with greater resistance to such side pressure would
be highly desirable.
[0021] Still another problem with certain cleated shoes of the prior art is that the pressure
of the individual cleats can be felt by the foot of the athlete. Because of this,
shoe comfort is reduced. The aforementioned annular cleats tend to overcome this problem,
but for shoes with discrete cleats, this problem can be significant.
[0022] A few general comments are in order before turning to a description of this invention.
In particular, a brief description of the foot and its pivoting and planted positions
will be helpful. This can serve as an aid in understanding preferred embodiments of
this invention.
[0023] The sole of the foot includes four portions. These are, in order from back to front:
the heel portion; the arch portion; the ball-of-the-foot portion; and the toe portion.
The heel and ball-of-the-foot portions are those portions which share most if not
all of the player's weight when the player is in a normal standing position with feet
generally flat on the ground. In such position, the arch portion and toe portion bear
little if any weight.
[0024] When a player is "on his toes" in a "ready" position, virtually all of the player's
weight is normally shared by the toe portion and the ball-of-the-foot portion. The
same is usually true when a player is "digging" in a running action. Indeed, when
a player is in the ready position, the juncture of the phalanges (toe bones) and the
metatarsals is the center of weight bearing. In other words, the center of weight
bearing in the forward portions of the foot actually moves forward when a player shifts
to the ready position.
[0025] The sole of a cleated field-sports shoe has portions immediately below these four
portions of the foot which may be designated, and herein are designated, by the same
terms.
Objects of the Invention
[0026] It is an object of this invention to overcome some of the problems and shortcomings
of the prior art, including those mentioned above.
[0027] Another object of this invention is to provide an improved cleated field-sports shoe.
[0028] Another object of this invention is to provide a cleated field-sports shoe having
both improved pivotability and excellent traction.
[0029] Another object of this invention is to provide an improved cleated field-sports shoe
which tends to reduce the risk of certain common injuries of athletes, particularly
knee and ankle injuries.
[0030] Another object is to provide an improved cleated field-sports shoe of the type having
annular cleating.
[0031] Another object of this invention is to provide an improved annular-cleated field-sports
shoe with enhanced ground penetration.
[0032] Still another object is to provide a cleated field-sports shoe exhibiting both good
traction and pivoting characteristics on grass-covered hard earth, particularly when
such grass is wet.
[0033] Another object of this invention is to provide a cleated field-sports shoe with annular
cleating which nevertheless exhibits good "tangle" traction with turf.
[0034] Yet another object is to provide an improved annular-cleated field-sports shoe having
both excellent "grab" traction and excellent "tangle" traction.
[0035] Another object of this invention is to provide improved ground penetration in an
annular-cleated field-sports shoe without sharpening the distal edge of annular cleating.
[0036] Another object is to provide a cleated field-sports shoe combining certain benefits
of standard cleating with certain benefits of annular cleating.
[0037] Another object is to provide a cleated field-sports shoe with improved ground penetrability
which avoids or minimizes turf destruction and the resulting traction loss.
[0038] Another object of this invention is to provide an improved annular-cleated field-sports
shoe with excellent pivotability which nevertheless provides what some perceive to
be a desirable degree of initial resistance to pivoting.
[0039] Still another object of this invention is to provide a cleated field-sports shoe
having cleating with excellent strength and resistance to bending and breakage.
[0040] Another object of this invention is to provide an improved cleated field-sports shoe
with wide cleat profile to avoid unnecessary through-ground sliding, thus enhancing
stopping and starting traction.
[0041] Yet another object of this invention is to provide a cleated field-sports shoe exhibiting
excellent sole comfort.
[0042] These and other important objects will be apparent from the descriptions of this
invention which follow.
Summary of the Invention
[0043] This invention is an improved cleated field-sports shoe providing excellent controlled
pivotability and traction in a commercially desirable form. The invention is an improvement
in a cleated field-sports shoe of the type having annular cleating.
[0044] The invention provides enhanced ground penetration, and resulting improvements in
traction and pivotability. The cleated field-sports shoe of this invention also provides
both good traction and pivoting characteristics on grass-covered hard earth, with
significant improvement provided even when such grass is wet. Improved "tangle" and
"grab" traction are provided in a sole of the type having annular cleating. Improved
traction is provided without sharpening the distal edge of annular cleating. The cleated
field-sports shoe of this invention minimize turf destruction even while providing
excellent traction characteristics.
[0045] The cleated field-sports shoe of this invention, while having excellent pivoting
characteristics, also provide what some perceive to be a desirable degree of initial
resistance to pivoting. This gives an even greater feeling of control to some athletes.
The cleating arrangement of this invention provide a wide cleat profile and thus avoid
through-ground sliding. This enhances traction, particularly stopping and starting
traction.
[0046] The cleated field sports-shoe of this invention are comfortable to wear, substantially
avoiding any feeling of individual cleats as can occur with certain shoes of the prior
art. The annular cleating of this invention also has excellent strength and resistance
to bending and breakage. This is due in part to wide base dimensions.
[0047] In accordance with the invention, the objects are accomplished in a cleated field
sport-shoe of the above kind in that each of the cleat nodes includes multiple planar
surfaces and edges at the intersection of pairs of the planar surfaces, and is tapered
in two dimensions (D₁,D₂), a first dimension (D₁) measured generally parallel to the
circular path and a second dimension (D₂) measured generally radially to the circular
path, whereby the distal end has reduced area, a flat diamond-shaped surface, and
the angles substantially centered on said circular path are acute angles.
[0048] Furthermore, the objects are accomplished in a cleated field sport-shoe of the above
kind in a third embodiment which is mentioned in the independent claim 7.
[0049] The first and second edges, sometimes referred to herein as leading and trailing
edges because of their relationship to the cleat node and the ground during pivoting,
function to cut into the turf, thereby reducing initial resistance to penetration
by the cleats. The inventive sole thereby exhibits excellent initial penetration as
well as traction and pivotability.
[0050] In a first preferred embodiment, adjacent pairs of cleat nodes are arranged to be
in substantial abutment at the base portion of the nodes, that is, where the cleat
nodes join the main sole surface. In a second preferred embodiment, cleats abut at
the shoulder, that is, at a region generally midway between the base portion and the
distal end (or "tip") of the cleat. This second embodiment is somewhat more "aggressive"
than the first embodiment in its ability to maximize traction. Nevertheless, its configuration
exhibits substantially the same advantages as described above with respect to the
first embodiment. In a third embodiment, cleat nodes abut at their distal ends.
[0051] As used herein, the expression "substantially abutting relationship" means any one
of the foregoing relationships. The term also describes the relationship of cleat
nodes which may be slightly spaced from one another at their base portions, or any
combination of the foregoing.
[0052] A preferred feature of the second embodiment is that the cleat nodes located on the
circular path in a position adjacent to the arch portion of the sole are in abutment
at their base portions rather than at the shoulder portions, as with the other cleat
nodes of such embodiment. The resulting V-shaped spaces between cleat nodes in this
area extend from the cleat tips to the sole surface and help prevent the sole from
adhering to the turf by suction, as might otherwise occur on a muddy field. Such spaces
allow air venting to help prevent the "clapping" sound which can result from trapped
air, particularly when a player is running backwards.
[0053] All non-cleated areas of that portion of the sole area enclosed by the circular path
are preferably coincident with the main sole surface; that is, such surfaces are not
built up. This allows full turf penetration by the cleats.
[0054] Each of the cleat nodes has a base portion joined to the main sole surface. The base
portion of each cleat node has a length measured generally along the circular path
of the cleat set and a thickness measured generally radially to such path. The length
is substantially greater than the thickness, thus providing excellent pivotability
of the sole with good resistance to forces urging the sole laterally or longitudinally.
[0055] Controlling the relative length and thickness as described results in a cleat which
presents a relatively small frontal area when the sole is being pivoted, thereby reducing
pivoting effort. In contrast, the circumferential profile of the cleat nodes is quite
large, thereby providing a high degree of stability and traction.
[0056] In a highly preferred embodiment, the cleat nodes are tapered to blunt, rather than
pointed, distal ends. This configuration optimally resolves the conflicting concerns
relating to ease of penetration on the one hand and avoidance of player "spiking"
injuries on the other.
[0057] In a highly preferred embodiment, each cleat node has multiple planar surfaces and
leading and trailing edges each formed by the acute-angle intersections of pairs of
such planar surfaces. The leading and trailing edges are substantially coincident
with a projection of the circular path and form acute angles with the main sole surface.
The resulting cleat node edges facilitate initial ground penetration. In addition,
these edges slice rather than "punch" through the turf as the sole is pivoted.
[0058] Because of the abutting relationship of the cleat nodes and the angular arrangement
of the edges, some highly desirable results are accomplished. First, resistance to
initial penetration increases gradually rather than instantaneously as the cleat node
first contacts and then penetrates the turf. Second, only slight pivoting rotation
of the sole causes a trailing cleat node to enter and follow a path cut by a leading
cleat node; therefore, there is a reduction in resistance to pivoting movement following
slight initial resistance during initial rotation.
[0059] In addition, the unique design of the inventive sole tends to preserve rather than
destroy turf. The structural integrity of the earth beneath the sole tends to be preserved
and good traction is maintained rather than reduced.
[0060] In order to maximize the stability of the sole against lateral forces, the outer
surface of at least one of the cleat nodes is generally coincident with the lateral
side portion of the sole. An outer surface of at least one other cleat node is generally
coincident with the medial side portion of the sole. Stated another way, the cleat
nodes on the medial side and lateral side portions of the soles preferably have maximum
spacing therebetween. This helps reduce the possibility or the severity of ankle-twist
injuries.
[0061] To help assure that the athlete enjoys excellent sole flexibility in the ball-of-the-foot
and toe portions, it is preferred that the cleat nodes be arranged to promote such
flexibility while yet maintaining a good capability for stopping, starting and cutting.
In certain embodiments of this invention, each adjacent pair of abutting, tapered
cleat nodes defines a generally V-shaped space between them. The annular cleat set
includes a plurality of opposed pairs of such spaces forming a plurality of cross-sole
breaks in the annular cleat set.
[0062] The configuration of the cleated field-sports shoe and of the cleat nodes forming
a part of the sole may be readily adapted to accommodate specific requirements. For
example, the angles of taper of leading and trailing edges may be changed, the degree
of sharpness of such edges may be modified and/or the cleat tip may be more or less
blunted or pointed.
[0063] In some cases, it may be desirable to taper cleat nodes non-uniformly so that the
profiles of the leading edges are different than the profiles of their trailing edges.
This would serve to make pivoting easier in one direction than another, which may
be desirable for athletes playing certain positions. Varying sharpness of leading
and trailing edges can provide the same result.
[0064] Little or no spacing between cleat nodes is highly preferred. In such cases, there
is little if any of the main sole portion lying exposed along the circular path followed
by the annular cleat set. Thus, the cleat set of this invention, for all practical
purposes, forms a substantially continuous ring despite the characteristics of the
cleat nodes therealong.
Brief Description of the Drawings
[0065] FIGURE 1 is a perspective view of a sole of a first embodiment of a cleated field-sports
shoe.
[0066] FIGURE 2 is a bottom plan view of the sole of FIGURE 1, with cleat sets removed,
showing the heel, arch, ball-of-the-foot and toe portions of the sole.
[0067] FIGURE 3 is a bottom plan view of a cleat node.
[0068] FIGURE 4 is an end elevation view of the cleat node of FIGURE 3, taken along the
viewing axis 4 of FIGURE 3.
[0069] FIGURE 5 is a side elevation view of the cleat node of FIGURE 3, taken along the
viewing axis 6 of FIGURE 3.
[0070] FIGURE 6 is a side elevation view of the cleat node of FIGURE 3, taken along the
viewing axis 6 of FIGURE 3.
[0071] FIGURE 7 is a perspective view of a sole of a second embodiment of a cleated field-sports
shoe.
[0072] FIGURE 8 is a bottom plan view of cleat nodes arranged in an abutting relationship
at their distal ends as used in a sole of a third embodiment of a cleated field-sports
shoe.
Detailed Descriptions of Preferred Embodiments
[0073] The figures illustrate preferred embodiments of a sole of a cleated field-sports
shoe 10 in accordance with this invention.
[0074] Referring first to FIGURE 2, the sole 10 has four portions which are defined by the
portions of the foot adjacent to them. These sole portions are: the heel portion 11;
the arch portion 13; the ball-of-the-foot portion 15; and the toe portion 17. The
upper portions of the shoe are not illustrated.
[0075] Referring now to FIGURE 1, the lower surface of the sole 10, which contacts the surface
of the playing field, includes a main sole surface 19 which is a generally flat, even
surface from which an annular cleat set 21 projects. The cleat set 21 has a number
of cleat nodes 23 which are integrally formed with the main sole surface 19 in a molding
process of well-known type. The sole 10 is made of material which is tough and wear
resistant but which can flex in the normal manner depending upon how weight is applied
to it. The sole 10 is preferably formed of polyurethane or rubber.
[0076] A plurality of cleat nodes 23 project from the main sole surface 19 and are disposed
along a substantially circular path 25. This path 25 encompasses a major area of toe
and ball-of-the-foot portions 17 and 15, respectively, and is centered on the juncture
of such portions. Each cleat node 23 is arranged in a substantially abutting relationship
to at least one adjacent cleat node 23 for providing improved engagement between the
sole 10 and an earthen surface such as turf. Improved engagement results because of
the relatively large number of cleat nodes 23 projecting from the sole 10, among other
things.
[0077] For sports involving frequent and sudden shifts in body position or direction of
movement, it is preferred that the arrangement of the cleat nodes 23 is selected to
maximize the lateral stability of the shoe. To that end, an outer surface 27 of at
least one of the cleat nodes 23 is generally coincident with the lateral side portion
29 of the sole 10. An outer surface 27 of at least another one of the cleat nodes
23 is generally coincident with the medial side portion 31 of the sole 10. Improved
lateral shoe stability results and this feature aids in avoiding ankle injuries or
in lessening their severity.
[0078] It is also preferred that the sole 10 exhibit a high degree of cross-sole flexibility,
particularly at and near the junction of toe and ball-of-the-foot portions, 17 and
15, respectively. Accordingly and in the first and second embodiments, shown in FIGURES
1 and 7 respectively, a first opposed pair of V-shaped spaces 33 defines one break
(or flexing line or region) and a second opposed pair of V-shaped spaces 35 defines
another break located forward of the first. The flexibility of the sole 10 is thereby
preserved while yet maintaining an excellent traction capability.
[0079] Referring next to FIGURES 3, 4, 5 and 6, a preferred cleat node 23 is shown to include
a base portion 37, a distal end or tip 39 and a shoulder 41 located generally midway
between the base portion 37 and the tip 39. Each cleat node 23 includes multiple planar
surfaces 43 and edges 45 at the intersections of pairs of such planar surfaces 43.
In particular, a cleat node 23 includes a first edge 45a and a second edge 45b, each
formed by the intersection of two planar surfaces 43 having an acute included angle
between them. The proximal ends 47 of the first edge 45a and second edge 45b terminate
on the path 25 and each of the edges 45a, 45b cooperates with the main sole surface
19 to likewise define an acute included angle "A" between them. The tip 39 is a flat
surface which is diamond-shaped as shown in FIGURE 3. This surface may be smooth or,
preferably, cross hatched to a shallow depth for improved traction.
[0080] Referring generally to FIGURES 3-5 and particularly to FIGURES 4 and 5, a highly
preferred cleat node 23 is tapered in two dimensions D1, D2. A first dimension D1
is measured along the base portion 37 generally parallel to the path 25. It will be
appreciated that if measurement is taken in a plane parallel to the path 25 and at
progressive points along the first and second edges 45a, 45b, where the edges 45a,
45b intersect with the plane the dimension D1 between points on those edges 45a, 45b
diminishes as the points of measurement move upward from the base portion 37 to the
tip 39. Similarly and referring particularly to FIGURES 3 and 4, a second dimension
D2, cleat node thickness, may be similarly measured generally radially to the path
25 and it will be noted that the thickness of the cleat node 23 also diminishes as
the points of measurement are moved upward from the base portion 37 to the tip 39.
[0081] Several benefits arise from the use of a cleat node 23 having the described configuration.
Referring particularly to FIGURES 1, 3 and 4, it is apparent that the tip 39 has a
relatively small surface area. As the tip 39 first makes contact with the turf, it
tends to readily penetrate the turf, especially soft turf. Penetration is aided by
the fact that the first and second edges 45a, 45b progressively slice the turf as
the depth of penetration increases. This combination of a tip surface with a relatively
small area and of first and second edges 45a, 45b exhibiting wedge-like or knife-like
characteristics results in good penetration characteristics.
[0082] Pivoting movement causes the annular cleat set 21 to move about a center cleat 49
which is located at or near the center of the circular path 25. As a cleat node 23
moves in either direction, its first edge 45a or second edge 45b, whichever is leading,
cuts through the turf. The corresponding edge of the adjacent trailing cleat node
23 thereafter enters and follows the path cut by the leading cleat node 23. Pivoting
effort is thereby reduced.
[0083] Referring especially to FIGURE 4, the profile of a cleat node 23 as seen spanning
the circular path 25 of the annular cleat set 21 is relatively small and this fact
also aids in the ability of the cleat node 23 to more easily advance through the turf
as the sole 10 is pivoted.
[0084] As explained above, a preferred sole 10 not only facilitates pivoting movement without
the imposition of undue stress on the athlete's leg but also provides stability and
traction for foot movements not involving pivoting. Referring particularly to FIGURE
5, the profile area of a side of the cleat node 23 is relatively large and this provides
a substantial surface to resist slipping during stopping, starting, and cutting.
[0085] Still another benefit of the described cleat node 23 configuration may be attributed
to its tapered shape. That is, its base portion 37 has an area which is significantly
larger than that of the surface of the tip 39. This "broad shouldered" configuration
makes the cleat node 23 highly resistive to forces which may bend, twist or otherwise
deform the cleat node 23 and impair traction.
[0086] One of the most difficult of all playing field conditions is presented when very
hard earth is covered with wet grass. This most frequently occurs upon the formation
of dew. Not only is it difficult to penetrate the ground with any sort of cleat configuration,
but conventional smooth-surfaced, conical cleats have a low coefficient of friction
in contact with wetted grass. With the annular cleat sets 21 described herein, the
multiple edges 45 on each cleat node 23 combined with an arrangement of cleat nodes
23 in an abutting relationship, with or without V-shaped spaces 35 therebetween, helps
"tangle" with blades of grass. Improved traction results.
[0087] With respect to the first embodiment, it should also be appreciated that during rare
but very strenuous movements, the sole 10 may become severely flexed along any line
passing through the center cleat 49. Many cleat nodes 23 may not then be in contact
with the turf. Even in that event, the sole 10 maintains at least three cleat nodes
23 in turf contact for helping the athlete maintain footing.
[0088] Referring next to FIGURE 7, a second embodiment of the cleated field-sports shoe
sole 10 includes cleat nodes 23 arranged in a substantially abutting relationship
to at least one adjacent cleat node 23. In the second embodiment and for all but one
of the cleat nodes 23, the abutting relationship occurs at the shoulder portion 41
rather than at the base portion 37. For any given size of sole 10, this provides a
greater cleat "density" and results in a sole 10 which more aggressively grips the
turf. In the embodiments described above, that portion of the main sole surface 19
which is encompassed by the circular path 25 is not built up; that is, it lies generally
on the same plane as those portions of the sole surface 19 lying outside the circular
path 25.
[0089] Referring to FIGURE 7, it will be noted that in this second embodiment, most of the
cleat nodes 23 abut at the shoulder 41 rather than at the base portion 37. Unless
special precautions are taken, air may become entrapped within the space encompassed
by the annular cleat set 21, as previously explained. Accordingly, one cleat node
23a, preferably located at the rear part of the circular path 25, is arranged to abut
adjacent cleat nodes 23b at the base portion 37 or to be slightly spaced therefrom.
This arrangement provides a plurality of air passages to prevent air entrapment.
[0090] Yet other arrangements of the cleated field-sports shoe are possible in view of the
foregoing. For example, a sole 10 configured for use on artificial turf may employ
concentric rings of cleat nodes 23 at the forefoot, and perhaps also on the heel.
Still another variation may involve the use of cleat nodes 23 of slightly different
size and/or physical arrangement. For example, cleat nodes 23 may be sized and arranged
to define a pair of spaces adjacent the lateral sole portion 29 but only a single
space adjacent the medial sole portion 31. The resulting spaces would provide for
sole flexibility by defining a "V", the ends of which are at the lateral sole portion
29 and the apex of which is at the medial sole portion 31.
[0091] Referring to FIGURE 8, a third embodiment involves arranging cleat nodes 23 in an
abutting relationship at the tip 39 or distal end. Of the three embodiments, this
third embodiment maximizes the area which initially contacts the turf and the area
forming the bearing surface during pivoting movement. Therefore, this third embodiment
has the least resistance to pivoting effort. However, the presence of its multiple
edges 45 in engagement with the turf, including wet grass, provides improved traction
over earlier shoes.
[0092] While the principles of this invention have been described in connection with specific
embodiments, it should be understood clearly that these descriptions are made only
by way of example and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
1. A cleated field-sports shoe including a sole (10) of the type having ground-penetrating
cleats (23) extending from a main sole surface (19), and having heel (11), arch (13),
ball-of-the-foot (15) and toe portions (17) comprising:
- an annular cleat set (21) projecting from the main sole surface (19) and disposed
along a substantially circular path (25) encompassing a major area of the toe (17)
and ball-of-the-foot portions (15), the set (21) having a plurality of cleat nodes
(23) each arranged in a substantially abutting relationship to at least one adjacent
cleat node (23);
- each cleat node (23) having a base portion (37) which is joined to the main sole
surface (19) and has a length (L) measured generally along the path (25) and a thickness
(T) measured generally radially to the path (25), the length (L) being substantially
greater than the thickness (T), each cleat node (23) having a distal end (39) spaced
from the main sole surface (19) and first and second edges (45a,45b) on opposite sides
of the distal end (39);
- each cleat node distal end (39) having a length, as measured generally along the
path (25), which is substantially less than the length (L) of the base portion (37),
and a thickness, as measured generally radially to the path (25), which is substantially
less than the thickness (T) of the base portion (37);
- each of said first and second edges (45a,45b) being the intersection of two substantially
planar surfaces (43) which together form an angle substantially centered on said path
(25) and each edge having a proximal end (47) terminating substantially on the circular
path (25);
characterized in that
each of the cleat nodes (23) includes multiple planar surfaces (43) and edges (45a,45b)
at the intersection of pairs of the planar surfaces (43), and
is tapered in two dimensions (D₁,D₂), a first dimension (D₁) measured generally parallel
to the circular path (25) and a second dimension (D₂) measured generally radially
to the circular path (25), whereby the distal end (39) has reduced area, and
a flat diamond-shaped surface; and
the angles substantially centered on said circular path (25) are acute angles.
2. The cleated field-sports shoe of claim 1, wherein when the cleat nodes (23) are in
contact with the ground, each of the edges (45,45a,45b) defines with the ground an
acute included angle, thereby reducing resistance of the sole (10) to pivoting motion.
3. The cleated field-sports shoe of claim 1, wherein each of the first and second edges
(45a,45b) forms an acute angle (A) with the main sole surface (19), thereby further
facilitating pivoting.
4. The cleated field-sports shoe of claim 1, wherein each adjacent pair of tapered cleat
nodes (23) defines a generally V-shaped space therebetween, a plurality of opposed
pairs of the V-shaped spaces (33,35) forming a plurality of straight-line uninterrupted
cross-sole breaks in the annular cleat set (21) extending fully across the sole (10).
5. The cleated field-sports shoe of claim 1, wherein the abutting relationship occurs
at the base portions (37) of abutting cleat nodes (23).
6. The cleated field-sports shoe of claim 1, wherein each cleat node (23) has a shoulder
portion (41) intermediate the distal end (39) and the main sole surface (19), said
abutting relationship occurring at the shoulder portions (41) of abutting cleat nodes
(23).
7. A cleated field-sports shoe including a sole (10) of the type having ground-penetrating
cleats (23) extending from a main sole surface (19), and having heel (11), arch (13),
ball-of-the-foot (15) and toe portions (17), comprising:
- an annular cleat set (21) projecting from the main sole surface (19) and disposed
along a substantially circular path (25) encompassing a major area of the toe (17)
and ball-of-the-foot portions (15), the set (21) having a plurality of cleat nodes
(23) each of which is arranged in a substantially abutting relationship to at least
one adjacent cleat node (23);
- each cleat node (23) having a distal end (39) which is spaced from the main sole
surface (19) and has first and second endpoints on opposite sides of the distal end
(39), said endpoints terminating substantially on the circular path (25); and
characterized in that
each of the cleat nodes (23) includes multiple planar surfaces (43) and edges (40,45a,45b)
at the intersection of pairs of the planar surfaces (43), and
is tapered in two dimensions (D₁,D₂), a first dimension (D₁) measured generally parallel
to the circular path (25) and a second dimension (D₂) measured generally radially
to the circular path (25), whereby the distal end (39) has reduced area, and
a flat diamond-shaped surface, and
the abutting relationship of cleat nodes (23) occurs at the endpoints of the distal
ends (39) of the abutting cleat nodes (23).
1. Mit Stollen versehener Feld-Sportschuh, der mit einer Sohle (10) mit in den Untergrund
eindringenden Stollen (23), die sich von einer Hauptsohlenfläche (19) erstrecken,
Fersenteilen (11), Ristteilen (13), Fußballenteilen (15) und Zehenteilen (17) versehen
ist, wobei
- ein ringförmiger Stollensatz (21) von der Hauptsohlenfläche (19) hervorsteht und
entlang einer im wesentlichen kreisförmigen Bahn (25) angeordnet ist, die eine Hauptfläche
der Zehenteile (17) und Fußballenteile (15) umfaßt, wobei der Stollensatz (21) eine
Mehrzahl von Stollen (23) aufweist, die jeweils im wesentlichen angrenzend zu wenigstens
einem benachbarten Stollen (23) angeordnet sind;
- jeder Stollenknoten (23) ein mit der Hauptsohlenfläche (19) verbundenes Basisteil
(37) mit einer Länge (L), im wesentlichen entlang der Bahn (25) gemessen, und einer
Dicke (T) im wesentlichen radial zu der Bahn (25) gemessen, aufweist, wobei die Länge
(L) im wesentlichen größer als die Dicke (T) ist und jeder Stollen (23) ein von der
Hauptsohlenfläche (19) beabstandetes freies Ende (39) und erste und zweite Kanten
(45a, 45b) auf gegenüberliegenden Seiten des freien Endes (39) aufweist;
- die Länge des freien Endes (39) jedes Stollens, im wesentlichen entlang der Bahn
(25) gemessen, im wesentlichen kurzer als die Länge (L) des Basisteils (37) ist, und
die Dicke des freien Endes (39) jedes Stollens, im wesentlichen radial zu der Bahn
(25) gemessen, im wesentlichen kürzer als die Dicke (T) des Basisteils (37) ist;
- jede erste und zweite Kante (45a, 45b) die Schnittlinien zweier im wesentlichen
ebener Flächen (43) bildet, die zusammen einen auf die Bahn (25) zentrierten Winkel
bilden, und jede Kante ein im wesentlichen an der kreisförmigen Bahn (25) endendes
nahes Ende (47) aufweist,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß jeder der Stollen eine Mehrzahl ebener Flächen (43) und Kanten (45a, 45b) an den
Schnittlinien von Paaren der ebenen Flächen (43) aufweist,
und sich jeder Stollen in zwei Abmessungen (D1, D2) verjüngt, wobei eine erste Abmessung
(D1) im wesentlichen parallel zu der kreisförmigen Bahn (25) gemessen und die zweite
Dimension (D2) im wesentlichen radial zu der kreisförmigen Bahn (25) gemessen wird,
so daß das freie Ende (39) eine reduzierte Fläche und eine flache diamantförmige Oberfläche
aufweist, und
die im wesentlichen auf die kreisförmige Bahn (25) zentrierten Winkel spitze Winkel
sind.
2. Mit Stollen versehener Feld-Sportschuh nach Anspruch 1,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß bei Kontakt der Stollen (23) mit dem Untergrund, jede der Kanten (45, 45a, 45b)
mit dem Untergrundeinen spitzen Winkel einschließen, wobei der Drehwiderstand der
Sohle (10) reduziert ist.
3. Mit Stollen versehener Feld-Sportschuh nach Anspruch 1,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß jede der ersten und zweiten Kanten (45a, 45b) einen spitzen Winkel (A) mit der
Hauptsohlenfläche (19) bildet, wobei die Drehbarkeit erleichtert ist.
4. Mit Stollen versehener Feld-Sportschuh nach Anspruch 1,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß jedes Paar benachbarter, sich verjüngender Stollen (23) einen im wesentlichen
V-förmigen Raum zwischen sich begrenzen, wobei eine Mehrzahl von gegenüberliegenden
Paaren der V-förmigen Räume (33, 35) eine Mehrzahl geradlinig ununterbrochener Kreuzbrüche
in dem ringförmigen Stollensatz (21) bildet, die sich vollständig über die Sohle (10)
erstrecken.
5. Mit Stollen versehener Feld-Sportschuh nach Anspruch 1,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß aneinandergrenzende Stollen (23) an ihrem Basisteil (37) aneinandergrenzen.
6. Mit Stollen versehener Feld-Sportschuh nach Anspruch 1,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß jeder Stollen (23) ein zwischen dem freien Ende (39) und der Hauptsohlenfläche
(19) angeordnetes Schulterteil (41) aufweist, und aneinandergrenzende Stollen (23)
an den Schulterteilen (41) aneinandergrenzen.
7. Mit Stollen versehener Feld-Sportschuh, der mit einer Sohle (10) mit in den Untergrund
eindringenden Stollen (23), die sich von einer Hauptsohlenfläche (19) erstrecken,
Fersenteilen (11), Ristteilen (13), Fußballenteilen (15) und Zehenteilen (17) versehen
ist, wobei
- ein ringförmiger Stollensatz (21) von der Hauptsohlenfläche (19) hervorsteht und
entlang einer im wesentlichen kreisförmigen Bahn (25) angeordnet ist, die eine Hauptfläche
der Zehenteile (17) und Fußballenteile (15) umfaßt, wobei der Stollensatz (21) eine
Mehrzahl von Stollen (23) aufweist, die jeweils im wesentlichen angrenzend zu wenigstens
einem benachbarten Stollen (23) angeordnet sind;
- jeder Stollen (23) ein von der Hauptsohlenfläche (19) beabstandetes freies Ende
(39) aufweist und erste und zweite Endpunkte auf gegenüberliegenden Seiten des freien
Endes (39) angeordnet sind, die im wesentlichen auf der kreisförmigen Bahn (25) angeordnet
sind;
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß jeder der Stollen eine Mehrzahl ebener Flächen (43) und Kanten (45a, 45b) an den
Schnittlinien von Paaren der ebenen Flächen (43) aufweist,
und sich jeder Stollen in zwei Abmessungen (D1, D2) verjüngt, wobei eine erste Abmessung
(D1) im wesentlichen parallel zu der kreisförmigen Bahn (25) gemesssen und die zweite
Dimension (D2) im wesentlichen radial zu der kreisförmigen Bahn (25) gemessen wird,
so daß das freie Ende (39) eine reduzierte Fläche und eine flache diamantförmige Oberfläche
aufweist, und
die aneinandergrenzenden Stollen (23) an den Endpunkten der freien Enden (39) aneinandergrenzen.
1. Chaussure de sport de plein air à crampons, comprenant une semelle (10) du type présentant
des crampons (23) pénétrant dans le sol, s'étendant depuis une surface de semelle
(19) principale, et présentant un talon (11), une partie voûte plantaire (13), une
partie antérieure de plante de pied (15) et des parties orteils (17), comprenant :
- un jeu de crampons (21) annulaire faisant saillie de la surface de semelle principale
(19) et disposé le long d'un chemin (25) essentiellement circulaire, englobant une
aire principale des orteils (17) et des parties antérieures de plante de pied (15),
le jeu (21) présentant une pluralité de têtes de crampon (23) disposées chacune en
relation essentiellement en bout-à-bout avec au moins une tête de crampon (23) adjacente;
- chaque tête de crampon (23) présentant une partie de base (37) qui est reliée à
la surface de semelle principale (19) et présente une longueur (L) mesurée globalement
le long du chemin (25) et une épaisseur (T) mesurée globalement radialement par rapport
au chemin (25), la longueur (L) étant sensiblement supérieure à l'épaisseur (T), chaque
tête de crampon (23) présentant une extrémité distale (39) espacée de la surface de
semelle principale (19) et des premier et second bords (45a, 45b) sur les côtés opposés
de l'extrémité distale (39);
- chaque extrémité distale de tête de crampon (39) présentant une longueur, mesurée
globalement le long du chemin (25), qui est sensiblement inférieure à la longueur
(L) de la partie base (37), et une épaisseur, mesurée globalement radialement par
rapport au chemin (25), qui est sensiblement inférieure à l'épaisseur (T) de la partie
de base (37);
- chacun desdits premier et second bords (45a, 45b) étant l'intersection de deux surfaces
(43) essentiellement planes qui forment ensemble un angle essentiellement centré sur
ledit chemin (25) et chaque bord présentant une extrémité proximale (47) se terminant
essentiellement sur le chemin circulaire (25);
caractérisée en ce que :
chacune des têtes de crampon (23) comprend des surfaces planes (43) multiples et
des bords (45a, 45b) au niveau de l'intersection des couples des surfaces planes (43),
et
est effilée dans deux dimensions (D₁, D₂), une première dimension (D₁) mesurée
globalement parallèlement au chemin circulaire (25) et une seconde dimension (D₂)
mesurée globalement radialement par rapport au chemin circulaire (25), de manière
que l'extrémité distale (39) présente une aire réduite, et
une surface plate en forme de diamant; et
les angles essentiellement centrés sur ledit chemin circulaire (25) sont des angles
aigus.
2. Chaussure de sport en plein air à crampons selon la revendication 1, dans laquelle,
lorsque les têtes de crampon (23) sont en contact avec le sol, chacun des bords (45,45a,
45b) définit avec le sol un angle inclus aigu, de manière à réduire la résistance
de la semelle (10) à un mouvement pivotant.
3. Chaussure de sport en plein air à crampons selon la revendication 1, dans laquelle
chacun des premier et second bords (45a, 45b) forme un angle aigu (A) avec la surface
de semelle principale (19), de manière à faciliter encore le pivotement.
4. Chaussure de sport de plein air à crampons selon la revendication 1, dans laquelle
chaque couple adjacent de têtes de crampon (23) effilées définit entre elles un espace
globalement en forme de V, une pluralité de couples opposés d'espaces en forme de
V (33, 35) formant une pluralité de ruptures transversales rectilignes ininterrompues
dans le jeu de crampons (21) annulaire s'étendant complètement sur la semelle (10).
5. Chaussure de sport de plein air à crampons selon la revendication 1, dans laquelle
la relation en bout-à-bout a lieu au niveau des parties base (37) des têtes de crampon
(23) disposées bout-à-bout.
6. Chaussure de sport de plein air à crampons selon la revendication 1, dans laquelle
chaque tête de crampon (23) présente une partie épaulement (41) située entre l'extrémité
distale (39) et la surface de semelle principale (19), ladite relation en bout-à-bout
ayant lieu au niveau des parties épaulement (41) des têtes de crampon (23) disposées
bout-à-bout.
7. Chaussure de sport de plein air à crampons comprenant une semelle (10) du type présentant
des crampons (23) pénétrant dans le sol, s'étendant depuis une surface de semelle
(19) principale, et présentant un talon (11), une partie voûte plantaire (13), une
partie antérieure de plante de pied (15) et des parties orteils (17), comprenant :
- un jeu de crampons (21) annulaire faisant saillie de la surface de semelle principale
(19) et disposé le long d'un chemin (25) essentiellement circulaire, englobant une
aire principale des orteils (17) et des parties antérieures de plante de pied (15),
le jeu (21) présentant une pluralité de têtes de crampon (23) disposées chacune en
relation essentiellement en bout-à-bout avec au moins une tête de crampon (23) adjacente;
- chaque tête de crampon (23) présentant une extrémité distale (39) qui est espacée
de la surface de semelle principale (19) et présente des premier et second points
d'extrémité sur les côtés opposés de l'extrémité distale (39), lesdits points d'extrémité
se terminant essentiellement sur le chemin circulaire (25);
caractérisée en ce que
chacune des têtes de crampon (23) comprend des surfaces planes (43) multiples et
des bords (45, 45a, 45b) au niveau de l'intersection des couples des surfaces planes
(43), et
est effilée dans deux dimensions (D₁, D₂), une première dimension (D₁) mesurée
globalement parallèlement au chemin circulaire (25) et une seconde dimension (D₂)
mesurée globalement radialement par rapport au chemin circulaire (25), de manière
que l'extrémité distale (39) présente une aire réduite, et
une surface plate en forme de diamant; et
la relation en bout-à-bout entre les têtes de crampon (23) ayant lieu au niveau
des points d'extrémité des extrémités distales (39) des têtes de crampon (23) disposées
bout-à-bout.