BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
1. Field of the Invention
[0001] This invention relates to explosive compositions of matter and is particularly directed
to explosive compositions including halogenated components and organic nitramine compounds
and other energetic chemical groups.
2. Description of Related Art
[0002] High energy explosives and propellants such as disclosed in U.S. Patent No. 5,045,132
are generally formulated to include a high energy binder and oxidizer, together with
suitable plasticizers. These ingredients must have a favorable preferably positive
heat of formation and be oxygen-rich in order for high performance to be met. Moreover,
these ingredients must have thermal and shock stability in order to permit safe storage
and handling.
[0003] The disadvantages of known explosive compositions such as thermal and shock instability
are overcome with the new explosive compositions of the present invention.
BRIEF SUMMARY AND OBJECTS OF THE INVENTION
[0004] To improve the high energy potential and improve insensitivity of explosive compositions
when the heat release factor is reduced, the present invention contemplates performance-improved,
less detonation-sensitive formulations.
[0005] The advantages of the present invention are realized in explosive formulations utilizing
a select binder and oxidizer in combination with high-energy constituents.
[0006] Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to provide improved high-energy
explosive compositions or formulations.
[0007] Another object of the present invention is to provide high-energy explosive compositions
having a lessened detonation sensitivity and enhanced performance.
[0008] These and other objects and features of the present invention will be apparent from
the following detailed description.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0009] Figure 1 is a graph of the plate dent of the theoretical detonation velocity times
the explosive mass for a selection of explosive materials.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
[0010] According to the present invention, new cast curable insensitive explosives are provided
comprising select oxidizers with high density binders which binder constituent replaces
a portion of the sensitive explosive. The binder constitutent further comprises a
select halogenated polymer, a halogenated plasticizer, glycidyl azide polymer (U.S.
Patent No. 4,268,450), and mixtures thereof. Additional ingredients, including a curative
and a cure catalyst may be included in the explosive formulation. Substitution of
all or a portion of the sensitive explosive with an elastomeric binder decreases the
overall brittleness of the grain, leading to further reduced sensitivity of the explosive.
In addition, select levels of binder allow for production of void-free grains, further
reducing the sensitivity of the explosive grain by elimination of hot-spot sources
of ignition.
[0011] The performance of an explosive is proportional to the square of the density of the
explosive grain thus, the binder fraction should have a high density in order to maintain
performance. A series of explosive formulations were prepared containing select halogenated
ingredients to provide progressively higher density explosives. As can be seen in
figure 1, a smooth linear correlation between performance improvement (related to
the increase in density) and plate dent was observed.
[0012] The high-energy explosive compositions of the present invention include a binder
and a nitramine oxidizer wherein the binder is selected from a halogenated polymer,
a halogenated plasticizer and mixtures thereof with optionally a curative such as
biuret trimer of hexamethylene diisocyanate (polyisocyanate curative).
[0013] Oxidizers which may be utilized in the high-energy explosive taught herein preferably
include:
cyclotetramethylenetetranitramine (HMX),
1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazacyclohexane (RDX),
1,7-dibromo-2,4,6-trinitrazaheptane (DBTH),
1,9-dibromo-2,4,6,8-tetranitrazanonane (DBTN), or
bis(2-bromo-2,2-dinitroethyl)nitramine (BRDNEN).
[0014] The polymeric constituent of the binder may be selected from poly(epibromohydrin)
(PEBH), 2,2-dinitro-2-bromoethyl glycidyl ether and poly(epichlorohydrin) (PECH),
or mixtures thereof.
[0015] Plasticizers which may be utilized in the high-energy explosive compositions taught
herein preferably include polybromo-aliphatic esters such as 2,3-dibromopropyl α-bromoacetate,
polynitro-bromo esters such as 2-bromo-2,2-dinitroethyl α-bromoacetate, the bis(bromoacetate)
ester of 2,2-dinitro-1,3-propanediol, the mono-ester of 2,2-dinitropropanol, trimethylolethane
trinitrate (TMETN), bis(2-chloro-2,2-dinitroethyl) formal (CLEFO), and mixtures thereof.
[0016] Specific formulations of high-energy explosive compostions and their physical characteristics
such as density, electrostatic detonation (ESD), and the like, according to the present
invention are provided in the TABLE I and II respectively.
[0017] Obviously, numerous variations and modifications may be made without departing from
the present invention. Accordingly, it should be clearly understood that the embodiments
of the present invention disclosed hereinabove are not intended to limit the scope
of the present invention.
1. An explosive composition including a binder and an oxidizer wherein the binder is
selected from a halogenated polymer, a halogenated plasticizer, and mixtures thereof.
2. An explosive composition according to Claim 1 wherein the halogenated polymer is a
brominated polymer.
3. An explosive composition according to claim 1 wherein the halogenated plasticizer
is a brominated plasticizer.
4. An explosive composition according to Claim 1 wherein the oxidizer is:
cyclotetramethylenetetranitramine (HMX),
1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazacyclohexane (RDX),
1,7-dibromo-2,4,6-trinitrazaheptane (DBTH),
1,9-dibromo-2,4,6,8-tetranitrazanonane (DBTN), or
bis(2-bromo-2,2-dinitroethyl)nitramine (BRDNEN).
5. An explosive composition according to Claim 1 wherein the halogenated polymer is poly(epibromohydrin)
(PEBH).
6. An explosive composition according to Claim 1 wherein the halogenated polymer is poly(2,2-dinitro-2-bromoethyl
glycidyl ether).
7. An explosive composition according to Claim 1 wherein the halogenated plasticizer
is a polybromo-aliphatic ester.
8. An explosive composition according to Claim 1 wherein the halogenated plasticizer
is a polynitro-bromo ester.
9. An explosive composition according to Claim 1 wherein the halogenated plasticizer
is 2,3-dibromopropyl-α-bromoacetate.
10. An explosive composition according to Claim 1 wherein the halogenated plasticizer
is the bis(bromoacetate)ester of 2,2-dinitro-1,3-propanediol.
11. An explosive composition according to Claim 1 wherein the halogenated plasticizer
is the mono-bromoacetate ester of 2,2-dinitropropanol.
12. A cast-cure insensitive explosive composition including a binder and an oxidizer wherein
the binder is selected from a halogenated polymer, a halogenated plasticizer, and
mixtures thereof.
13. A cast-cure insensitive explosive composition according to Claim 12 wherein the halogenated
polymer is a brominated polymer.
14. A cast-cure insensitive explosive composition according to claim 12 wherein the halogenated
plasticizer is a brominated plasticizer.
15. A cast-cure insensitive explosive composition according to Claim 12 wherein the oxidizer
is:
cyclotetramethylenetetranitramine (HMX),
1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazacyclohexane (RDX),
1,7-dibromo-2,4,6-trinitrazaheptane (DBTH),
1,9-dibromo-2,4,6,8-tetranitrazanonane (DBTN), or
bis(2-bromo-2,2-dinitroethyl)nitramine (BRDNEN).
16. A cast-cure insensitive explosive composition according to Claim 12 wherein the halogenated
polymer is poly(epibromohydrin) (PEBH).
17. A cast-cure insensitive explosive composition according to Claim 12 wherein the halogenated
polymer is poly(2,2-dinitro-2-bromoethyl glycidyl ether).
18. A cast-cure insensitive explosive composition according to Claim 12 wherein the halogenated
plasticizer is a polybromo-aliphatic ester.
19. A cast-cure insensitive explosive composition according to Claim 12 wherein the halogenated
plasticizer is a polynitro-bromo ester.
20. A cast-cure insensitive explosive composition according to Claim 12 wherein the halogenated
plasticizer is 2,3-dibromopropyl-α-bromoacetate.
21. A cast-cure insensitive explosive composition according to Claim 12 wherein the halogenated
plasticizer is the bis(bromoacetate)ester of 2,2-dinitro-1,3-propanediol.
22. A cast-cure insensitive explosive composition according to Claim 12 wherein the halogenated
plasticizer is the mono-bromoacetate ester of 2,2-dinitropropanol.