BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
[0001] The present invention relates to a cyclone furnace. More specifically, it relates
to a cyclone furnace that has a powder-supply pipe to feed a powder for combustion
and/or melting, such as dry sludge particles, coal particles or exhaust ash, in such
a fashion that the powder-supply pipe feeds the powder across a vortex or cyclone
of burning gas generated by carrier gas.
[0002] Conventionally, such furnace for combusting and/or melting powders of, for example,
dry sludge particles, as shown in Fig. 3, has a cylindrical furnace body 20 of a circular
cross section, air-supply pipes 31A through 31D for generating an intense velocity
disposed tangentially to the body 20, and powder-supply pipes 32A through 32D disposed
through the air-supply pipes 31A through 31D, respectively. The powder-supply pipes
32A through 32D open in the air-supply pipes 31A through 31D, respectively, thereby
conveying the powder tangentially to the vortex.
[0003] The powder is then accelerated by the air from the air-supply pipes 31A through 31D,
and is carried directly thereby with little diffusion, impacts on small sections of
the internal peripheral surface of the body 20. The small sections are defined by
an angle α at approximately 17° viewed from the center axis of the furnace 20, that
is, the center axis of the vortex. The powder impacts the narrow sections at a relatively
large impact angle in a range of form 20 to 42°. Consequently, the small sections
are eroded after a time. The rate of erosion is increased by the high temperature
atmosphere in the body 20, thereby rapidly eroding the wall of the body 20 at a few
points.
[0004] A cyclone furnace which burns powder is known from French patent publication no.
1,066,309. The furnace of this disclosure contains a first body of circular cross
section and has an ignition burner and an exhaust port. The furnace also has air-supply
pipes disposed quasi-tangentially and powder-supply pipes. During operation of this
furnace, air and the powder to be burned are sent into the combustion chamber in a
similar direction.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
[0005] Accordingly, it is an object of the present invention to provide a cyclone furnace
which has powder-supply pipes to feed powder across the vortex, thereby diffusing
the powder to reduce the erosion of the interior body of the furnace.
[0006] It is another object of the present invention to provide a cyclone furnace, in which
the ash carried by the exhaust gas can be collected, and slag generated in the furnace
can be effectively removed.
[0007] The objects of present invention are solved by the embodiment defined in claim 1.
Preferred embodiments are disclosed in the dependent claims 2 to 6.
[0008] The cyclone furnace further may comprises as a second embodiment a second body which
is installed adjacent to the first body. The second body comprises a separating chamber,
gas exhaustion port, slag exhaustion port, and an impact wall to which the vortex
generated in the combustion chamber of the first body impacts. The separating chamber
separates exhaust gas and slag from combustion products passing through the exhaust
port of the first body. The separating chamber communicates with the exhaust port
of the first body. The gas exhaust port is for outward exhaustion of the gas. The
gas exhaust port extends upwardly from the separating chamber. The slag expulsion
port is for outward expulsion of the slag. The slag expulsion port extends downwardly
from the separating chamber. The wall, to which the vortex generated in the combustion
chamber of the first body impacts, is disposed between the exhaust port of the first
body and the separating chamber. The wall is disposed on an incline on the center
axis of the first body.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0009] Fig. 1 is a horizontal sectional view showing a cyclone furnace according to an embodiment
of the present invention.
[0010] Fig. 2 is a side sectional view showing the furnace of Fig. 1.
[0011] Fig. 3 is a horizontally sectional view showing a cyclone furnace of prior art.
[0012] Figs. 4 through 6 are a side sectional view showing the subject portion of the furnace
shown in Fig. 1 with a powder-supply pipes variously disposed.
[0013] Fig. 7 is a side sectional view showing a furnace according to another embodiment
of the present invention.
[0014] Fig. 8 is a side sectional view showing a furnace to be compared to the second embodiment.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
[0015] With reference to accompanying drawings, the preferred embodiments of the present
invention will be described hereinafter.
[First Embodiment]
[0016] In Figs. 1 and 2, the furnace has a cylindrical body 20 which has an internal peripheral
surface of a circular cross section; four air-supply pipes 11A through 11D, for feeding
combustion air for generating vortex or cyclone in the body 20; and four powder-supply
pipes 12A through 12D, for feeding a powder, such as dry sludge particle, coal particles,
or burned ashes, and also for conveying air carrying the powder. Above the body 20,
an ignition burner 21 for igniting the powder is equipped. Beneath the body 20, an
exhaust port 22 is provided coaxially to the body 20.
[0017] The air-supply pipes 11A through 11D, which open at the internal peripheral surface
of the body 20, extend tangentially from the body 20 at an inclined angle against
a plane which is perpendicular to the center axis O of the vortex, the inclined angle
being in a range from positive 45° to negative 10°. In the embodiment, the air-supply
pipes 11A through 11D extend tangentially from the body 20 at a positively inclined
angle of about 25° against the horizontal plane.
[0018] The powder-supply pipes 12A through 12D are preferably disposed beneath, or at the
same level as, the air-supply pipes 11A through 11D, in order to prevent the ignition
burner 21 from fouling caused by the powder. The powder-supply pipes 12A through 12D,
which open at the internal peripheral surface of the body 20, also extend from the
body 20 at an inclined angle against a plane which is perpendicular to the center
axis O of the vortex, the inclined angle being in a range from positive 45° to negative
10°. In the embodiment, the powder-supply pipes 12A through 12D extend from the body
20 at a positive inclined angle of about 25° against the horizontal plane. In the
other words, in the embodiment, the air-supply pipes 11A through 11D and the powder-supply
pipes 12A through 12D were disposed at the same level, and slightly sloping downward
into the body 20.
[0019] Furthermore, the powder-supply pipes 12A through 12D extend from the body 20 in such
a manner that the center axes of the powder-supply pipes 12A through 12D are disposed
in such a manner that the center axes of the powder-supply pipe 12A through 12D are
in an angular range when reflected in a plane which is perpendicular to the center
axis O of the body as shown in Figs. 5 and 6. More specifically, each of the powder-supply
pipes 12A through 12D is disposed so that when reflected in a plane perpendicular
to the longitudinal axis of the first body 20, the powder-supply pipe is seen to deviate
not greater than 30° from a perpendicular position to the surface of the first body
20. In the embodiment, the center axes of the powder-supply pipes 12A through 12D
are with to the imaginary line (perpendicular position) as best shown in Fig. 4.
[0020] The reason the air-supply pipes 11A through 11D and the powder-supply pipes 12A through
12D must not extend at inclined angles of more than 10° in the negative direction
is to prevent the ignition burner 21 from fouling caused by combustion and melting
of the powder.
[0021] The reason the air-supply pipes 11A through 11D and the powder-supply pipes 12A through
12D must not extend at inclined angles exceeding positive 45° is to prevent the primary
combustion zone contained in the vortex from being too near to the exhaustion port
22, thereby preventing a large temperature differential along the center axis O of
the vortex.
[0022] On the other hand, the reason of the powder-supply pipes 12A through 12D are disposed
as described as is as follows. If the inclined angle of the powder-supply pipes is
larger than 30° in the direction shown in Fig. 6, the feeding of powder will reduce
the velocity of the vortex. If the inclined angle of the powder-supply pipes is larger
than 30° in the direction shown in Fig. 5, the powder will not disperse properly in
the body 20, but will instead impact in a concentrated manner on the internal peripheral
surface of the body 20, with large impact angles against the surface.
[0023] Operation of the furnace of the above construction is described hereinafter. As shown
in Fig. 1, combustion air is fed through the air-supply pipes 11A through 11D, as
designated by arrows, thereby generating the vortex around the center axis O of the
body 20. The powder for combustion is fed through the powder-supply pipes 12A through
12D by means of a carrier gas, such as compressed air, inwardly to the body 20 across
the vortex, thereby dispersing broadly by the vortex designated by broken lines.
[0024] The powder is burned or melted in the internal space or on the internal peripheral
surface of the body 20, and produces molten slag. The molten slag adheres to the internal
peripheral surface of the body 20 because of the vortex, circulates down along the
surface, and is exhausted along with exhaust gases through the exhaust port 22.
[0025] Thus, the powder, for example, dry sludge particles, coal particles, or burned ashes,
are sufficiently dispersed in the body 20 of the furnace. The powder can thereby be
successfully burned or melted while producing a very low rate of erosion and thinning
of the internal peripheral surface of the body 20.
Example
[0026] To illustrate the present invention, a complete example of the above embodiment for
burning and melting dry sludge particles generated from sewerage sludge was constructed
and is described hereinafter with numerals.
[0027] The inner diameter of the body 20 was 700 mm. The inner diameter of the air-supply
pipes 11A through 11D was 90 mm. The inner diameter of the powder-supply pipes 12A
through 12D was 40 mm. The powder-supply pipes 12A through 12D extended radially extended
from the center axis O of the body 20, and were radially spaced apart at intervals
of 90° . The air-supply pipes 11A through 11D were radially spaced apart at intervals
of 90°, and were disposed parallel to, and 280 mm from the powder-supply pipes 12A
through 12D, respectively.
[0028] The air-supply pipes 11A through 11D and the powder-supply pipes 12A through 12D
were disposed at the same level, and slightly sloping downward into the body 20.
[0029] The velocity of the air from the air-supply pipes 11A through 11D was 30 m/sec. The
velocity of the carrier air from the powder-supply pipes 12A through 12D was 20 m/sec.
In the body 20, the velocity of gases in the vortex ranged from 8 to 25 m/sec. Dry
sludge particles had grain sizes from 60 to 600 µm.
[0030] The dry sludge particles primarily impacted on a section defined in an angle area
of 70° as viewed from the center axis O of the furnace 20, of the internal peripheral
surface of the body 20. The impact velocity of the dry sludge particles on the internal
peripheral surface was from 4 to 12 m/sec. The impact angle of the particles was from
10 to 28° from the tangent of the internal peripheral surface.
Conversion
[0031] Again referring to Fig. 3, the inner diameter of the body 20 was 700 mm. The inner
diameter of the air-supply pipes 31A through 31D was 100 mm. The inner diameter of
the powder-supply pipes 32A through 32D was 40 mm. The air-supply pipes 31A through
31D were radially spaced at intervals of 90°, and respective disposed 280 mm from
imaginary lines which passed through the center axis O of the body 20 and were parallel
to the air-supply pipes 31A through 31D.
[0032] The air-supply pipes 31A through 31D and the powder-supply pipes 32A through 32D
were disposed at the same level, and slightly sloping downward into the body 20.
[0033] The velocity of the combustion gas from the air-supply pipes 31A through 31D was
30 m/sec. The velocity of the carrier air from the powder-supply pipes 32A through
32D was 20 m/sec. In the body 20, the velocity of gasses in the vortex was from 8
to 23 m/sec. The dry sludge particles had grain sizes from 60 to 600 µm.
[0034] The dry sludge particles primarily impacted on a section defined by an angle area
of 17° as viewed from the center axis O of the furnace 20, of the internal peripheral
surface of the body 20. The impact velocity of the dry sludge particles on the internal
peripheral surface was from 5 to 19 m/sec. The impact angle of the particles was from
20 to 42° from the tangential direction of the internal peripheral surface.
[Second Embodiment]
[0035] Fig. 7 depicts a furnace comprising a first body 20, which is similar to the body
20 of the above embodiment shown in Figs. 1 and 2, and a second body 50 which is disposed
under the body 20. The second body 50 is installed for the separation of ash, molten
slag, and exhaust gases which are generated in the first body 20 and exhausted through
the exhaust port 22.
[0036] The second body 50 includes a small chamber 52, passage 53, separating chamber 54,
gas exhaust port 55, and slag expulsion port 56. The small chamber 52 through which
the ash, molten slag, and gas pass communicates directly downwardly to the exhaust
port 22. The passage 53 communicates directly downward to the small chamber 52. The
separating chamber 54, for separating the ash, molten slag, and gas, communicates
directly downward to the passage 53. The gas exhaust port 55 for exhaustion of the
exhaust gas communicates directly to and extends upward from the separating chamber
54. The slag expulsion port 56 for exhaustion of the slag and ash communicates directly
to the separating chamber 54.
[0037] The small chamber 52 is generally S-shaped, especially the bottom wall 52A directly
beneath the exhaust port 22 is disposed on an incline to the center axis of the first
body 20 and toward the passage 53 which is parallel to the exhaust port 22 of the
first body 20. Therefore, the exhaust gas within the vortex from the exhaust port
22 impacts on the bottom wall 52A, so that the vortex is partially or completely disrupted.
Therefore, the molten slag dripped from the exhaust port 22 is not carried by the
vortex to the internal wall of the separating chamber 54. Furthermore, the ash included
within the exhaust gas is mostly captured by the molten slag flown on the bottom wall
52A.
[0038] The separating chamber 54 has a bottom wall which is inclined to the horizontal plane
for conducting the molten slag dripped from the small chamber 52 via the passage 53.
The slag expulsion port 56, which is flush with the bottom wall of the separating
chamber 54 thereby downwardly extending from the separating chamber 54, may communicate
with a slag disposal site (not shown). The gas exhaust port 55 which is extending
upward at an angle to the separating chamber 54 communicates with an apparatus (not
shown) which may be, for example, a heat exchanger.
[0039] With such a construction of the furnace of the second embodiment of the present invention,
the function is described hereinafter.
[0040] Combustion air for the first body 20 is fed through the air-supply pipes 11A through
11D, as indicated by arrows A₁. In the first body 20, the air flow A₁ from the air-supply
pipes 11A through 11D generates the vortex A₂.
[0041] A powder of, for example, dry sludge particles, is fed through the powder-supply
pipes 12A through 12D downward toward the center of vortex A₂, as indicated by arrows
B₁. The powder is widely dispersed by the vortex A₂ in the first body 20, as indicated
by arrows B₂.
[0042] The ignition burner 21 ignites a flame to start the combustion of the powder with
air, so that the powder and the air burn continuously and partially melt the powder
in the internal space or on the internal surface of the body 20. The burned powder
produces the exhaust gases and ash to be exhausted from the exhaust port 22 by the
vortex indicated by an arrow A₃. On the other hand, the molten powder becomes a slag
which sticks to the internal surface of the body 20 because of the vortex A₂. The
molten slag flows down on the internal surface and then is exhausted with the vortex
A₃ through the exhaust port 22 into the small chamber 52.
[0043] The gases exhausted from the exhaust port 22 continues to spiral as indicated by
arrow A₃. However, the vortex impacts on the bottom wall 52A so as to be partially
or completely disrupted.
[0044] The ash exhausted from the exhaust port 22, carried by the exhaust gas, impacts on
the bottom wall 52A. As the exhaust ash disperses in the small chamber 52, the exhaust
ash is captured by the molten slag flowing on the internal wall (including the bottom
wall 52A) of the small chamber 52.
[0045] Then, the exhaust gases flow into the separating chamber 54 as indicated by arrows
A₄ so that the air speed decreases drastically and the exhaust ash settles out. Also,
after the molten slag flows down on the internal wall of the small chamber 52, the
molten slag drops into the separating chamber 54 through the passage 53 as indicated
by arrows B₄. The collected slag is not dispersed to the internal peripheral wall
of the separating chamber 54.
[0046] The exhaust gases are exhausted from the separating chamber 54 through the gas exhaust
port 55 to the unshown apparatus which may be, for example, a heat exchanger, as indicated
arrow A₅. The molten slag is exhausted from the separating chamber 54 through the
slug expulsion port 56 to the slag disposal site, as indicated by arrow B₅.
[0047] According to the second embodiment, a furnace having advantages similar to those
of the first embodiment is obtained. Additionally, the vortex in the exhaust gas is
partially or completely disrupted, and the exhaust ash carried by the exhaust gases
is captured by the molten slag, so that the rate of concentration of ash in the slag
can be increased. Furthermore, the internal wall of the separating chamber 54 is sufficiently
prevented from adhering or dispersing the slag. In addition, the exhaust gases can
be separated from the slag and ash.
[0048] In the second embodiment, however, a means for feeding air to the second body 50
is not disclosed; a means can be installed in the second body 50 to continue the combustion
even in the second body 50.
Example
[0049] To more completely explain the second embodiment of the present invention, an example
of the above embodiment for melting dry sludge particles generated from sewerage sludge
is described hereinafter with numerals. The prepared dry sludge particles included
ash at 30 through 50 % by weight.
[0050] The inner diameter of the body 20 was 250 mm. The distance between the center axis
of the exhaust port 22 and the center axis of the passage 53 was 150 mm. The air-supply
pipes 11A through 11D fed the body 20 air at a flow rate equivalent to 100 to 160
m³/hour at a hypothetical state of normal atmospheric pressure and room temperature.
The powder-supply pipes 12A to 12D fed the powder at 7 to 15 kg/hour. The velocity
of the combustion air from the exhaust port 22 was 30 to 50 m/sec.
[0051] In this example, ash at 95 through 97 % within the dry sludge particles was exhausted
as slag from the exhaust port 56. The gas exhausted from the gas exhaust port 55 included
dust at a concentration equivalent to 0.3 through 0.7 g/m³ at a hypothetical state
of normal atmospheric pressure and room temperature of dry gas.
Conversion
[0052] A furnace to be compared with the above example is shown in Fig. 8. The furnace shown
in Fig. 8 did not have a small chamber 52 or passage 53. The exhaust port 22 and the
separating chamber 54 directly communicate with each other. The other conditions were
the same as the above example.
[0053] In this result, 90 to 92 weight % ash contained in the dry sludge was exhausted as
slag from the exhaust port 56. The gas exhausted from the gas exhaust port 55 included
dust at a concentration equivalent to 0.5 through 1.0 g/m³ at a hypothetical state
of normal atmospheric pressure and room temperature of dry gas.
[0054] In a comparison between the above example and the furnace, the advantage of the second
embodiment is easily understood.
1. A cyclone furnace for burning and/or melting powder comprising:
a first body (20), said first body including an elongated combustion chamber of
a polygonal, elliptical, or circular cross section, said first body having an axis
therealong, said first body having an ignition burner (21) at an end thereof and an
exhaust port (22) at another end thereof;
at least one air-supply pipe (11A-11D) for generating a vortex around said center
axis in said first body, said air-supply pipe opening at the internal peripheral surface
of said furnace, said air-supply pipe disposed quasi-tangentially or generally co-linear
with the tangent of the internal peripheral surface of said first body; and
at least one powder-supply pipe (12A-12D) for feeding powder to be burned and/or
melted in said first body, said powder-supply pipe opening at said internal surface
of said first body, said powder-supply pipe disposed to be spaced apart from said
air-supply pipe;
characterised in that said powder-supply pipe (12A-12D) has an opening portion
adjacent to said internal peripheral surface of said first body (20), thereby connecting
said powder-supply pipe with said first body, said powder-supply pipe being disposed
so that when reflected in a plane perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of said first
body, said powder-supply pipe is seen to deviate not greater than 30° from a perpendicular
position to the surface of said first body.
2. A cyclone furnace according to claim 1, said powder-supply pipe (12A-12D) being disposed
so that when reflected in a plane containing the longitudinal axis of said first body
(20), said powder-supply pipe is seen to deviate not greater than 45° from a perpendicular
position to the longitudinal axis of said first body towards said ignition burner
(21), not greater than 10° from a perpendicular position to the longitudinal axis
of said first body towards said exhaust port (22).
3. A cyclone furnace according to claim 1, said furnace further comprising a second body
(50) which is installed adjacent to said first body (20), said second body comprising:
a separating chamber (54) for separating exhaust gases and molten slag from combustion
products passed through said exhaust port (22) of said first body, said separating
chamber communicating with the exhaust port of said first body;
a gas exhaust port (55) for outward exhaustion of said gases, the gas exhaust port
extending upward from said separating chamber;
a slag expulsion port (56) for outward exhaustion of said slag, the slag expulsion
port extending downward from said separating chamber; and
a wall (52A) on which the circulating gases of the vortex generated in said combustion
chamber of the first body impact, said wall disposed between said exhaust port of
said first body and said separating chamber, said wall disposed on an incline on said
center axis of said first body.
4. A cyclone furnace according to claim 1 in which the air-supply pipe (11A-11D) is disposed
substantially parallel to the powder-supply pipe (12A-12D).
5. A cyclone furnace according to claim 1 in which the powder-supply pipe (12A-12D) is
inclined with respect to the air-supply pipe (11A-11D) such that the powder-supply
pipe (12A-12D) approaches the first body (20) and the air-supply pipe (11A-11D).
6. A cyclone furnace according to claim 1 in which the powder-supply pipe (12A-12D) is
inclined with respect to the air-supply pipe (11A-11D) such that the powder-supply
pipe (12A-12D) approaches the first body (20) and is, at the same time, distanced
from the air-supply pipe (11A-11D).
1. Zyklonofen für das Verbrennen und/oder Schmelzen Von Pulver, der aufweist:
ein erstes Gehäuse (20), das eine längliche Verbrennungskammer mit einem vieleckigen,
elliptischen oder kreisförmigen Querschnitt umfaßt, wobei das erste Gehäuse eine Achse
in Längsrichtung aufweist, und wobei das erste Gehäuse einen Zündbrenner (21) an einem
Ende davon und eine Austrittsöffnung (22) am anderen Ende davon aufweist;
mindestens ein Luftzuführungsrohr (11A-11D) für die Erzeugung eines Wirbels um
die Mittelachse im ersten Gehäuse herum, wobei sich das Luftzuführungsrohr an der
inneren peripheren Oberfläche des Ofens öffnet, und wobei das Luftzuführungsrohr quasitangential
oder im allgemeinen kolinear mit der Tangente der inneren peripheren Oberfläche des
ersten Gehäuses angeordnet ist; und
mindestens ein Pulverzuführungsrohr (12A-12D) für die Zuführung des Pulvers, das
im ersten Gehäuse verbrannt und/oder geschmolzen werden soll, wobei sich das Pulverzuführungsrohr
an der inneren Oberfläche des ersten Gehäuses öffnet, und wobei das Pulverzuführungsrohr
so angeordnet ist, daß es einen Abstand zum Luftzuführungsrohr aufweist;
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Pulverzuführungsrohr (12A-12D) einen Öffnungsabschnitt
aufweist, der an die innere periphere Oberfläche des ersten Gehäuses (20) angrenzt,
wodurch das Pulverzuführungsrohr mit dem ersten Gehäuse verbunden wird, und wobei
das Pulverzuführungsrohr so angeordnet wird, daß, wenn es in eine Ebene senkrecht
zur Längsachse des ersten Gehäuses reflektiert wird, das Pulverzuführungsrohr um nicht
mehr als 30° von der senkrechten Position zur Oberfläche des ersten Gehäuses abweicht.
2. Zyklonofen nach Anspruch 1, bei dem das Pulverzuführungsrohr (12A-12D) so angeordnet
ist, daß, wenn es in eine Ebene reflektiert wird, die die Längsachse des ersten Gehäuses
(20) einschließt, das Pulverzuführungsrohr um nicht mehr als 45° von der senkrechten
Position zur Längsachse des ersten Gehäuses in Richtung des Zündbrenners (21), und
um nicht mehr als 10° von der senkrechten Position zur Längsachse des ersten Gehäuses
in Richtung der Austrittsöffnung (22) abweicht.
3. Zyklonofen nach Anspruch 1, wobei der Ofen außerdem ein zweites Gehäuse (50) aufweist,
das angrenzend an das erste Gehäuse (20) installiert wird, wobei das zweite Gehäuse
aufweist:
eine Trennkammer (54) für die Abtrennung der Abgase und der geschmolzenen Schlacke
von den Verbrennungsprodukten, die durch die Austrittsöffnung (22) des ersten Gehäuses
hindurchgehen, wobei die Trennkammer mit der Austrittsöffnung des ersten Gehäuses
in Verbindung steht;
eine Gasaustrittsöffnung (55) für das nach außen gerichtete Ausströmen der Gase
nach außen, wobei sich die Gasaustrittsöffnung von der Trennkammer aus nach oben zu
erstreckt;
eine Schlackenausstoßöffnung (56) für das Austreten der Schlacke nach außen, wobei
sich die Schlackenausstoßöffnung von der Trennkammer aus nach unten zu erstreckt;
und
eine Wand (52A), auf die die zirkulierenden Gase des Wirbels, der in der Verbrennungskammer
des ersten Gehäuses erzeugt wird, auftreffen, wobei die Wand zwischen der Austrittsöffnung
des ersten Gehäuses und der Trennkammer angeordnet ist, und wobei die Wand auf einer
Neigung auf der Mittelachse des ersten Gehäuses angeordnet ist.
4. Zyklonofen nach Anspruch 1, bei dem das Luftzuführungsrohr (11A-11D) im wesentlichen
parallel zum Pulverzuführungsrohr (12A-12D) angeordnet ist.
5. Zyklonofen nach Anspruch 1, bei dem das Pulverzuführungsrohr (12A-12D) mit Bezugnahme
auf das Luftzuführungsrohr (11A-11D) so geneigt ist, daß sich das Pulverzuführungsrohr
(12A-12D) dem ersten Gehäuse (20) und dem Luftzuführungsrohr (11A-11D) nähert.
6. Zyklonofen nach Anspruch 1, bei dem das Pulverzuführungsrohr (12A-12D) mit Bezugnahme
auf das Luftzuführungsrohr (11A-11D) so geneigt ist, daß sich das Pulverzuführungsrohr
(12A-12D) dem ersten Gehäuse (20) nähert und gleichzeitig einen Abstand zum Luftzuführungsrohr
(11A-11D) aufweist.
1. Four à cyclone pour brûler et/ou faire fondre de la poudre, comprenant:
un premier corps (20), ledit premier corps englobant une chambre de combustion
allongée de section transversale polygonale, elliptique ou circulaire, ledit premier
corps possédant un axe s'étendant sur sa longueur, ledit premier corps possédant un
brûleur d'allumage (21) à une de ses extrémités et un orifice d'évacuation (22) à
son autre extrémité;
au moins un conduit d'alimentation d'air (11A-11D) pour générer un tourbillon autour
dudit axe central dans ledit premier corps, ledit conduit d'alimentation d'air s'ouvrant
à la surface périphérique interne dudit four, ledit conduit d'alimentation d'air étant
disposé quasi tangentiellement ou généralement en position colinéaire avec la tangente
de la surface périphérique interne dudit premier corps; et
au moins un conduit d'alimentation de poudre (12A-12D) pour alimenter de la poudre
qui doit être brûlée et/ou portée à fusion dans ledit premier corps, ledit conduit
d'alimentation de poudre s'ouvrant à ladite surface interne dudit premier corps, ledit
conduit d'alimentation de poudre étant disposé pour être espacé dudit conduit d'alimentation
d'air;
caractérisé en ce que ledit conduit d'alimentation de poudre (12A-12D) possède
une portion d'ouverture adjacente à ladite surface périphérique interne dudit premier
corps 20, reliant ainsi ledit conduit d'alimentation de poudre audit premier corps,
ledit conduit d'alimentation de poudre étant disposé lorsqu'il est réfléchi dans un
plan perpendiculaire à l'axe longitudinal dudit premier corps, on peut voir que ledit
conduit d'alimentation de poudre dévie en formant un angle qui n'est pas supérieur
à 30° par rapport à une position perpendiculaire à la surface dudit premier corps.
2. Four à cyclone selon la revendication 1, ledit conduit d'alimentation de poudre (12A-12D)
étant disposé de telle sorte que, lorsqu'il est réfléchi dans un plan contenant l'axe
longitudinal dudit premier corps (20), on peut voir que ledit conduit d'alimentation
de poudre dévie en formant un angle qui n'est pas supérieur à 45° par rapport à une
position perpendiculaire à l'axe longitudinal dudit premier corps en direction dudit
brûleur d'allumage (21) et qui n'est pas supérieur à 10° par rapport à une position
perpendiculaire à l'axe longitudinal dudit premier corps en direction dudit orifice
d'évacuation (22).
3. Four à cyclone selon la revendication 1, ledit four comprenant en outre un second
corps (50) qui est installé en position adjacente audit premier corps (20), ledit
second corps comprenant:
une chambre de séparation (54) pour séparer les gaz d'échappement et les scories
fondues des produits de combustion ayant traversé ledit orifice d'évacuation (22)
dudit premier corps, ladite chambre de séparation communiquant avec l'orifice d'évacuation
dudit premier corps;
un orifice d'échappement des gaz (55) pour l'échappement desdits gaz vers l'extérieur,
ledit orifice d'échappement des gaz s'étendant vers le haut depuis ladite chambre
de séparation;
un orifice d'expulsion des scories (56) pour expulser vers l'extérieur lesdites
scories, l'orifice d'expulsion des scories s'étendant vers le bas depuis ladite chambre
de séparation; et
une paroi (52A) que viennent heurter les gaz en circulation du tourbillon généré
dans ladite chambre de combustion dudit premier corps, ladite paroi étant disposée
entre ledit orifice d'évacuation dudit premier corps et ladite chambre de séparation,
ladite paroi étant disposée en inclinaison sur ledit axe central dudit premier corps.
4. Four à cyclone selon la revendication 1, dans lequel le conduit d'alimentation d'air
(11A-11D) est disposé essentiellement en parallèle au conduit d'alimentation de poudre
(12A-12D).
5. Four à cyclone selon la revendication 1, dans lequel le conduit d'alimentation de
poudre (12A-12D) est incliné par rapport au conduit d'alimentation d'air (11A-11D)
de telle sorte que le conduit d'alimentation de poudre (12A-12D) s'approche du premier
corps (20) et du conduit d'alimentation d'air (11A-11D).
6. Four à cyclone selon la revendication 1, dans lequel le conduit d'alimentation de
poudre (12A-12D) est incliné par rapport au conduit d'alimentation d'air (11A-11D)
de telle sorte que le conduit d'alimentation de poudre (12A-12D) s'approche du premier
corps (20) et est, en même temps, distancé du conduit d'alimentation d'air (11A-11D).