[0001] The present invention relates to improvements in spout constructions employed in
fuel dispensing nozzles and methods employed in the making of same. In a more specific
sense the invention relates to improvements in spout constructions that are employed
in fuel nozzles having a vapor recovery capability. Other aspects are directed to
a nozzle construction that facilitates mounting of the spouts of the present invention.
[0002] The present invention represents improvements on vapor recovery nozzle constructions
disclosed in an earlier United States application, Ser. No. 986,521, filed December
7, 1992, hereinafter sometimes referenced as the
521 application.
[0003] In recent years there has been an ever increasing pressure, by various governmental
entities, to minimize the discharge of pollutants into the atmosphere. Fuel vapors
are a particular concern. When a vehicle's fuel tank is filled, hydrocarbon vapors
in the tank are displaced as liquid fuel enters the tank. Prior to the concerns over
atmospheric contamination, the displaced vapors were simply allowed to escape into
the atmosphere. While the amount of contamination from an individual fuel tank is
insignificant, when multiplied by literally millions of tankfuls per day, measurable
and significant levels of pollution (directly attributable to fuel vapors) can be
detected, particularly in areas of high population density.
[0004] In order to eliminate this source of pollution, governmental authorities have mandated
the use of vapor recovery fuel dispensing systems in an ever increasing percentage
of retail filling stations. Basically, a vapor recovery system involves the provision
of a vapor return flow path from the nozzle (that is discharging fuel into a vehicle
fuel tank) back to the storage rank from which the fuel is being drawn for delivery
to the vehicle. Fuel vapors are thus returned to the storage tank (or other area of
disposal) rather than being released into the atmosphere.
[0005] The initial efforts to comply with vapor recovery regulations were, mostly, based
on the use of what is known as a "pressure balance" vapor recovery system. In such
system, a vapor return conduit extends from the top of a storage tank to a dispenser
pedestal. The usual fuel conduit system also connects the dispenser with the storage
tank. The fuel dispensing nozzle is connected to the pedestal by a hose that includes
both fuel and vapor passages. The nozzle also includes passages for both fuel and
vapor. When fuel is being delivered, the nozzle vapor passage is sealed with respect
to the inlet pipe for the vehicle fuel tank. Thus, as fuel displaces vapors from the
vehicle tank, they are forced into the vapor passageway network that extends through
the nozzle body, through the hose and then back to the fuel storage tank. As fuel
is drawn from the storage rank and discharged into the vehicle tank, the increase
∼n vapor volume in the storage tank equals (in theory) the decrease in vapor volume
in the vehicle tank. There is a concomitant pressure increase in the vehicle tank
and decrease in the storage tank, which causes the return flow of vapor from the vehicle
to the storage tank, as a pressure balance in the two tanks is established, hence
the name "pressure balance" system.
[0006] In a pressure balance system, the sealed connection with the fuel rank inlet pipe
is attained by compressing a bellows that surrounds a metal spout tube. The need to
compress this bellows made use of a nozzle extremely annoying at best, and impossible
for many with only moderate infirmities.
[0007] The alternative to the pressure balance vapor recovery system is what is known as
a "vacuum assist" vapor recovery system. The vacuum assist vapor recovery system employs
the same dual passageway network for fuel and vapors, as in the pressure balance system.
The vacuum assist system differs in that it does not require a mechanical seal with
the vehicle fuel tank. Instead, a negative pressure is provided at the inlet to the
vapor return conduit system, at the nozzle. Displaced vapors are thus drawn into the
vapor return system, to prevent their escape into and pollution of the atmosphere.
[0008] A nozzle for a vacuum assist vapor recovery system is characterized by an essentially
rigid spout tube and is capable of use in essentially the same fashion and with the
same facility as nozzles employed in fuel dispensing systems that do not have a vapor
recovery capability.
[0009] While the basic principles of the vacuum assist system have been known for many years,
early attempts at commercialization were limited by several factors. These limiting
factors included difficulties in obtaining a vacuum that reliably prevent escape of
vapors into the atmosphere, as well as providing nozzles that were effective in providing
both a vapor passage and fuel passage in the spout, in addition to the venting passage
required for automatic shut-off to prevent overfilling of a fuel tank.
[0010] The referenced,
521 application is directed to providing fuel nozzles that facilitate the use of vacuum
assisted fuel nozzles. The present application has the same object and is more specifically
directed to the spout construction of such nozzles and to reducing the costs involved
in spout constructions that provide both a fuel passage and a vapor return passage.
[0011] Other and more general objects of the invention are directed to reducing the costs
associated with the manufacture of rigid spout tubes.
[0012] These ends may be attained, in accordance with certain aspects of the invention,
by a spout comprised of an outer tube and an inner tube. The inner tube defines a
central fuel passage for the spout and, in combination with the outer tube, defines
a generally annular vapor passage for the spout. The inner tube is formed from a synthetic
resin. Preferably the inner tube is formed of a laterally flexible synthetic resin
to enable the use of straight, extruded resin tubing. The latter feature is advantageous
in permitting the use of straight, extruding tubing where the distal end portion of
the compositely formed spout is angled downwardly from the inner end portion that
is attached to the nozzle body. It has been found that extruded, nylon 66 tubing,
having a wall thickness of .051 cm. (.020 inch) is preferred as a base material for
the inner tube.
[0013] The outer tube may be advantageously formed from a synthetic resin, referenced as
a "structural plastic". This feature is of particular advantage in forming a spout
in which the distal end portion is angled downwardly from the inner end portion.
[0014] Other advantages are found in the use of aluminum as the material for the outer spout
tube. Aluminum tubing, in accordance with method aspects of the invention, may be
first set up in a lathe, a counterbore can then be formed in its end and a circumferential
fracture groove formed in what will become the inner end portion of the spout tube.
The spout tube may then be severed from the aluminum tubing. Where the spout is to
be used for the delivery of unleaded fuel, the distal end portion is turned to a reduced
diameter that will freely pass through a restricter plate. (Such plates are mounted
in the inlet pipes of fuel tanks in vehicles that are required to use unleaded fuel.)
[0015] Continuing with the method aspects of the invention, after the lathe operations,
the spout tube may be bent to angle the distal end portion downwardly from the inner
end portion. The inner end of the spout tube is then expanded to an enlarged diameter,
while maintaining a substantially constant wall thickness, 1/8 being advantageous.
[0016] It is further desirable to position a locator ring in telescoped relation to the
inner end portion of the tube, prior to and while it is being expanded. The tube is
then expanded to an extent sufficient to swage the tubing material into engagement
with the locator ring and mount the locator ring on the tube. The locator ring functions
as flange means and is a component of the mechanism for mounting the spout.
[0017] It has been found that extruded 6005-T5 aluminum is advantageous, if not necessary,
in forming a reliable fracture groove (the function of which is later discussed) in
the spout, as well as in mounting the locator ring on the spout by a swaying action.
[0018] Other constructional features of the invention are evident in the further method
steps of mounting an outer ferrule in the counterbore in the outer spout to form an
outer tube subassembly. The outer tube subassembly may further comprise a vent tube
that is inserted in a longitudinal slot in the outer ferrule and extends beyond the
inner end of the outer tube.
[0019] An inner ferrule is then mounted on the inner end of the inner tube. The inner ferrule
may comprise a central hub which is telescoped over the inner end of the inner tube
and preferably bonded thereto in forming an inner tube subassembly. The distal end
of the inner end of the inner tube is then inserted from the inner end of the outer
tube, into the outer ferrule. Radial vanes, projecting from the inner ferrule hub,
engage the inner surface of the enlarged portion of the outer tube and position the
inner end of the inner tube relative thereto.
[0020] The described spout assembly is adapted to be mounted on a nozzle body that has an
adapter positioned in a bore that extends into an end of the nozzle body opposite
the butt end to which a coaxial hose may be mounted. The adapter comprises an inner
tubular portion which defines a central fuel passage and an outer tubular portion.
The inner and outer tubular portions combine to define an annular vapor passage.
[0021] The outer spout tube is telescoped into sealing engagement with the inner surface
of the outer tubular portion of the adapter and the inner ferrule of the spout is
telescoped into sealing engagement with the inner tubular portion of the adapter,
as the spout is mounted on the nozzle. The vapor and fuel passages of the spout are
thus placed, respectively, in communication with the corresponding passages in the
adapter. Also, as the spout is mounted on the nozzle body, the vent tube is inserted
into a venturi venting passage of the adapter to provide an automatic shut-off function.
[0022] A spout nut, telescoped over the inner end portion of the outer spout tube, is then
threaded into the nozzle body. The spout nut has a counterbore shoulder that engages
the locator ring and damps it against the adapter to lock the spout in mounted relationship
on the nozzle.
[0023] As is discussed in greater detail below, a major thrust of the constructional features
of the invention is to provide maximized flow areas for both the fuel and vapor passages
of the spout. In the same vein, it is also an objective to minimize flow obstructions
at the juncture with the adapter to which the spout is connected in being mounted
on the nozzle body.
[0024] The above and other related objects and features of the invention will be apparent
from a reading of the following description of a preferred embodiment, with reference
to the accompanying drawings, and the novelty thereof pointed out in the appended
claims.
[0025] In the drawings:
Fig. 1 is an elevation of a vapor recovery nozzle having a spout construction embodying
the present invention;
Fig. 2 is an elevation, in longitudinal section and on an enlarged scale, of the spout
construction subassembly and mounting nut indicated in Fig. 1;
Fig. 3 is a section taken on line 3-3 in Fig. 2;
Fig. 4 is a section taken on line 4-4 in Fig. 2;
Fig. 5 is a view, in longitudinal section and on a further enlarged scale, illustrating
the juncture between the nozzle subassembly and the body portion of the nozzle;
Fig. 5A is a section taken on line 5A-5A in Fig. 5;
Fig. 5B is a section taken on line 5B-5B in Fig. 5A;
Fig.6 is a view, similar to Fig. 5, of the body portion of the nozzle, with the spout
subassembly removed;
Fig. 7 is an exploded view of the spout assembly;
Fig. 8 is an elevation illustrating the spout assembly;
Figs. 9, 10, 11, 12, 13 and 14 illustrate the successive steps in forming a component
of the spout assembly;
Fig. 15 is a longitudinal section of a spout construction disclosed in said
521 application.
Fig. 16 is a section taken on line 16-16 in Fig. 15;
Fig. 17 is a view taken in the direction of arrow 17 in Fig. 15;
Fig. 18 is longitudinal section of the distal end portion of spout construction of
Fig. 15, modified to comprise synthetic resin components;
Fig. 19 is a fragmentary view, partially in longitudinal section, illustrating the
distal end portion of the nozzle spout positioned in an inlet pipe to a vehicle fuel
tank;
Fig. 20 is an elevation, in longitudinal section and on an enlarged scale, similar
to Fig. 2, of the alternate spout construction subassembly;
Fig. 21 is an elevation, in longitudinal section, separately illustrating a subassembly
seen in Fig. 20;
Fig. 22 is a bottom view of the subassembly seen in Fig. 21;
Fig. 23 is a side elevation, in partial longitudinal section, of an alternate construction
for the subassembly illustrated in Figs. 20-22;
Fig. 24 is a longitudinal section of a component of the alternated subassembly seen
in Fig. 23;
Fig. 25 is a section taken on line 25-25 in Fig. 24;
Fig. 26 is a section taken on line 26-26 in Fig. 24;
Fig. 27 is a side elevation, in partial longitudinal section, of another alternate
construction for the subassembly illustrated in Figs. 20-22;
Fig. 28 is a section taken on line 28-28 in Fig. 27; and
Fig. 29 is a section taken on line 29-29 in Fig. 27.
[0026] Fig. 1 illustrates a vapor recovery nozzle, indicated generally by reference character
20, the distal end portion of which comprises a spout assembly constructed in accordance
with the present invention and indicated generally by reference character 22. The
nozzle 20 comprises a body 24 on which the spout assembly 22 is mounted. A coaxial
hose 26 is secured to the opposite, or butt end, of the body 24. The coaxial hose
comprises two flexible tubes 28, 30, which define a central passage and a concentric
annular passage. The coaxial hose extends to a dispenser pedestal where one of the
passages is connected with a source of pressurized fuel and the other passage is connected
to conduit means that extend to a container that receives the vapor displaced from
a vehicle fuel tank, as the tank is filled with fuel discharged from the nozzle. In
the usual case, the vapors are returned to the storage tank from which fuel is drawn
to be discharged from the nozzle.
[0027] It will be noted that where fuel flow is through the central passage and vapor flow
is through the annular passage of a coaxial hose, it is referenced as a "standard"
coaxial hose. Where fuel flow is through the annular passage and vapor flow is through
the central passage, it is referenced as an "inverted" coaxial hose. For sake of illustration,
the hose 26 is shown as a standard coaxial hose. However, an inverted coaxial hose
could be employed, by making appropriate connections with vapor and fuel passages
at the butt end of the nozzle body.
[0028] The fuel flow path in Fig. 1 is indicated by outline arrows and dashed line 32. It
will be seen that fuel flows from the central hose passage, defined by tube 30, though
the nozzle body 24 and then though the spout assembly 22 for discharge from the distal
end of the spout 22. At this point it will be noted that the spout 22 is compositely
formed and comprises a spout assembly that includes an outer tube 34 and an inner
tube 36. The inner tube 36 defines the fuel flow path through the spout assembly.
The inner and outer tubes combine to define a flow path longitudinally through the
spout assembly. This flow path is generally annular, although the inner tube 36 is
not necessarily concentric of the outer tube 34 at all points along its length.
[0029] This generally annular passage provides a vapor return flow path through the spout.
It extends from inlet openings 38 (spaced inwardly from the distal end of the spout)
along the length of the spout, to nozzle body 24. The vapor return flow path is indicated
by broken line 40 and solid arrows. It extends from the spout assembly, through the
nozzle body 24, though a vapor passage cap 41, and then back through the nozzle body
24, where connection is made with the annular passage of the coaxial hose 26.
[0030] The nozzle of the present invention is primarily intended for use in a vacuum assisted
vapor recovery system. In such vapor recovery system, the vapor return passage is
connected to a vacuum pump, usually located at the dispenser pedestal. In conventional
use of a fuel dispensing nozzle, the distal end portion of the spout is inserted into
the upper end portion of the inlet pipe to a vehicle fuel tank. By providing a negative
pressure in the vapor return passage, vapors are drawn into the inlet openings 38,
without the need of a seal between the spout and inlet tube.
[0031] This vacuum assist system is a preferred alternative to so called pressure balance
vapor recovery systems, which also include a vapor return passage system that extends
from the vehicle fuel tank to the storage tank from which fuel is drawn. In pressure
balance systems, a mechanical seal (usually provided by compressing a bellows) is
required between the spout and the tank inlet pipe. When this seal is in effect, there
is an increase in vapor pressure as fuel is introduced into the vehicle's tank. The
vapor is thus forced into the vapor return flow path and return flow (from vehicle
tank to storage tank) is induced as the vapor system tends to stabilize at a pressure
balanced condition. It will become apparent that the present invention, or at least
significant aspects thereof, is applicable to fuel dispensing nozzles employed in
pressure balance, vapor recovery systems.
[0032] Operation of the present nozzle is conventional in the provision of an operating
lever 42 that can be raised to open a valve 44 that controls flow of fuel through
the fuel passage 32. The details of the spout assembly 22 will now be described in
detail, with reference first to Figs. 2-4, 7 and 8.
[0033] The spout assembly comprises an outer tube subassembly 46 and an inner tube subassembly
48. The outer tube subassembly 46 comprises the outer spout tube 34, a ferrule 50,
a vent tube 52 and a locator ring 54. Forming of the outer tube 34 and mounting of
the locator ring 54 thereon is accomplished through novel method aspects of the invention,
which will now be described.
[0034] As indicated earlier, there as several ends sought to be met by the present invention.
These ends include light weight and resistance to abuse, along with an economical
construction. Such ends are attained by the use of aluminum as the material for the
outer spout tube 34. The specific end of resistance to abuse, while providing a minimum
weight, is met by the use of aluminum tubing having a substantial wall thickness at
its inner end portion and a reduced wall thickness at its distal end portion. By governmental
regulation, vehicles powered by engines, that operate on unleaded gasoline, are provided
with a restricter plate in the upper end of the inlet pipe to the vehicle's fuel tank.
This is illustrated in Fig. 19, where the distal end portion of the spout 22 is positioned
in an inlet pipe I and inserted through an opening O formed in the restricter plate,
which is identified by reference character R.
[0035] The diameter of the restricter plate opening thus establishes the maximum diameter
for the distal end portion of a spout for a nozzle intended for delivery of unleaded
fuel. The diameter of the restricter plate opening, with appropriate allowance for
clearance and manufacturing tolerances dictates a diameter for the distal end portion
of the outer spout tube 34 of approximately 2.057 cm. (.810 inch). From this base
point, it has been determined that a wall thickness of approximately .127 cm. (.050
inch), at the distal end portion of the tube, provides sufficient strength to avoid
damage due to abuse that is inherent in normal usage of the nozzle. It is also to
be noted that the wall thickness of the distal end portion of the tube 34 is a function
of the length of the reduced diameter. Thus, in order to obtain a minimum wall thickness,
the length of the reduced diameter section is preferably limited to that necessary
to position the vapor inlet openings 38 on the fuel tank side of the restricter plate
- this relationship being necessary to minimize, if not entirely prevent, escape of
vapors into the atmosphere.
[0036] In order to obtain this relationship relative to the restricter plate, and to accommodate
other constructional features, it has been found that a reduced diameter length of
approximately 7 cm. (2 3/4 inches) is appropriate for the wide range of inlet pipe/restricter
plate configurations on different makes and models of vehicles.
[0037] It is to be further appreciated that this extended discussion of dimensional relationships
has for its further and ultimate end the maximization of flow areas for the fuel and
vapor passages, as is further dealt with below.
[0038] The required strength characteristics for the outer spout 34 are achieved by providing
the inner end portion of spout tube 34 with a wall thickness of approximately .318
cm. (1/8 inch) and an outer diameter of approximately 2.44 cm. (.960 inch). Sizing
of the spout tube 34 can also be affected by the sizes of commercially available extruded
aluminum. Aluminum tubing having an outer diameter of approximately 2.44 cm. (.960
inch) and an inner diameter of approximately 1.8 cm. (.710 inch), which tubing is
the starting point for forming the spout tube 34.
[0039] Fig. 9 illustrates a length of tubing t, mounted for lathe operations. The lathe
operations are indicated in Fig. 10 and include forming a counterbore 56 in the distal
end of the tube to a depth approximating, or somewhat greater than, the length of
the ferrule 50. The distal end portion 58 of the nozzle is then turned down to the
maximum diameter deemed suitable for insertion through the opening in a restricter
plate, or to a lesser diameter that still provides sufficient strength for the distal
end portion of the nozzle to withstand normal physical abuse. The length if the reduced
diameter, distal portion 58 of the spout is the minimum necessary to permit the vapor
return entrance holes 38 to be positioned inside the fuel pipe restricter plate (R),
when the spout is inserted therethrough (see above discussion of Fig. 19). A reduced
diameter length of approximately 7 cm. (2 3/4 inches) is typical. It is also noted
that, preferably, there is a conical ramp 60 that leads from the reduced diameter
portion to the inner portion of the spout, which is in its "as extruded" condition.
The ramp 60 eliminates any a sharp edge at the change in diameters and thus minimizes
the possibility of its being a hazard, or subjected to abuse in use.
[0040] The next operation in the lathe procedures is turning a groove 62 in its inner end
portion. The groove 62, referenced as a breakaway fracture groove, provides a predetermined
failure mode in the event a vehicle is driven away from a fuel dispenser with the
spout still inserted in the fill pipe of its fuel tank. The provision of a breakaway
groove is a well known expedient. However, the present invention departs from prior
teachings in that the groove is formed during the setup for lathe procedures and prior
to bending the spout to angle the distal end portion relative to the inner portion
thereof, as will next be described in connection with the present spout tube 34. Prior
attempts to form a fracture groove prior to bending have not been successful because
of an inability to obtain a spout that will reliably fail when subject to a desired
predetermined force. Obtaining an accurate failure force is necessary to prevent more
serious damage than the simple loss of a nozzle spout in the event of driveaway. If
the spout fails to fracture at this predetermined force, more serious damage can result,
such as toppling the dispenser pedestal.
[0041] It has been determined that the ability to form the fracture groove (62) during the
lathe set up and before bending is due to the preferred use of 6005-T5 aluminum (American
Alloy Association alloy number and temper number) the described lathe operations have
been completed, a cut off tool
c can be employed to sever the length of tubing
t, that will comprise a spout tube 34, from the extruded length of tubing stock. It
is to be appreciated that the counterboring, turning and groove forming steps do not
necessarily have to be performed in the order described. However, this order does
provide greater stability to the tubing as it is being formed and thus provides a
greater accuracy in the finished spout tube.
[0042] Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the described sizing of the distal
end portion of the tube 34 is to meet the requirements for unleaded fuel. Where the
spout tube is to be employed for nozzles employed in dispensing leaded fuel, the step
of turning the distal end portion of the nozzle is simply omitted. The remaining features
of the invention are, however, suitable for spouts used in nozzles that are employed
in the delivery of leaded fuel.
[0043] Following the lathe operations, the severed length of tubing
t is then bent to angle the inner end portion of the length of tubing relative to what
will become the distal end portion of the spout. The bending procedure is illustrated
in Figs. 11 and 12, showing the length of tube being appropriately restrained by dies
that are displaced to provide the bending function.
[0044] The final step of making the spout tube 34 is to enlarge a short portion of what
will become the inner end portion of the tube and to simultaneously mount the locator
ring 54 thereon. This step can be performed with the inner and distal end portions
of the tubing length maintained clamped in the same dies that were employed in the
bending step. The end of expanding the upper end portion of the tubing can be obtained
by a straightforward swaging (cold forming) operation wherein a tapered plunger
p is telescoped downwardly into the end of the tube t, to the depth desired for the
diameter of the inner end portion to be enlarged. After this depth is reached, the
forming plunger is raised, permitting the formed tube to be removed.
[0045] Prior to the upper end portion of the tube being enlarged in this fashion, a locator
ring 54 is positioned at a desired location spaced downwardly from the upper end of
the tube and in a horizontal plane, relative to the vertical axis of the tube. It
is to be appreciated that the locator ring 54 has a plurality of angularly spaced
lugs 64 projecting inwardly from its inner diameter, which ring diameter approximates
the outer diameter to which the tube is to be expanded by the plunger
p. Thus, as the tube t is expanded, the lugs 64 become embedded in the tube wall to
lock the locator ring 54 rigidly and securely thereon. It is to be further appreciated
that this attachment is achieved without unduly weakening either the tube wall or
the locator ring itself.
[0046] The inner diameter of the tube is increased approximately 25% in the enlarging/ swaying
process. This substantial increase in diameter contributes to the economies achieved
in manufacturing the present spout assembly, in that it facilitates maintaining a
required minimum flow area for the vapor flow path at its juncture with the nozzle
body, all as will be fully discussed in subsequent description. In any event, the
enlarging/swaying process is facilitated by the referenced use of 6005-T5 aluminum
tubing as the spout tube material. It is to be understood that the bending operation
could be performed subsequent to the step of enlarging the inner end portion of the
tube and mounting of the locator ring thereon. However, the described order of steps
is preferred. After attachment of the locking ring 54, the vapor inlet holes may be
formed in the tube 34 along with a vent opening 66 that is employed in providing an
automatic shut-off function for the nozzle.
[0047] The vent tube 52 may be positioned in a longitudinal slot 68, formed in the ferrule
50, which slot terminates short of the distal end of the ferrule 50. The distal end
of the tube 52 is spaced from the distal end of the slot 68. The tube 52 is formed
of a standard nylon material, nylon 66 being suitable. The ferrule 50 may be injection
molded, with nylon 66 also being a suitable material.
[0048] The ferrule 50 and tube 52 may then be inserted through the distal end of the spout
tube to bottom the ferrule 50 against the inner end of the counterbore 56. The distal
end of the tube is then swaged inwardly to secure the block in place. It is also to
be appreciated that there is a close fit between the ferrule 50 and the outer tube
so that, preferably, the holes 38 provide the sole entrance means to the annular,
vapor return passage 40. The objective is to minimize the entrainment of liquid fuel
in the vapor return passage. It is also to be appreciated that the distal end of the
slot 68 is registered with the tube opening 66, thereby providing an outlet for the
vent tube 52, at the bottom of the spout tube and immediately above its distal end.
[0049] The inner tube subassembly 48 comprises the inner tube 36 and an inner ferrule 70.
The inner ferrule 70 may be an injection molded, acetal or nylon resin, and comprises
a central hub 72, which is telescoped over the inner end of inner tube 36. The tube
36 is bottomed against the end of a counterbore in the hub 72. The tube 36 is formed
as a resin extrusion, nylon 66 again being a suitable material. A suitable adhesive
or solvent may be employed to bond the inner ferrule 70 to the inner tube 36.
[0050] The inner tube assembly 48 is then joined to the outer tube assembly 46 by inserting
the distal end of the inner tube 36 though the inner end of the outer spout tube 34.
The significance of the inner tube being formed of a relatively flexible resinous
material becomes apparent at this point, in that the inner tube, flexes and follows
the curvature of the relatively rigid outer tube, as it is telescoped into the outer
tube. Nylon 66 is a thermoplastic material. Thus, the inner tube can be heated to
facilitate its taking a curvature without collapsing the wall.
[0051] This is to point out that there is some criticality in configuring the inner tube
and in the selection of its material. As indicated, it is highly desirable that the
tube essentially maintain its circular cross section, as it is bent to a longitudinal
curvature, otherwise, the cross sectional area of the fuel flow passage will be unduly
reduced and the rate at which fuel can be delivered will be reduced to an unacceptable
level. It is again noted that the orifice of the restricter plate is the primary limiting
factor on flow rates. That is, the cross sectional areas for both fuel flow and vapor
return flow must be sized within the constraint of the restricter orifice and still
provide for a tube wall thicknesses that will provide sufficient strength to withstand
normal abuse in use, and more particularly a strength such that the tube wall will
not collapse when bent. It has been found that nylon 66 tubing, having a 1.27 cm.
(half inch) outer diameter and a wall thickness of .051 cm. (.020 inches) allows for
longitudinal bending of the tube with a minimal decrease in fuel flow area, while
at the same time meeting the other desired and necessary characteristics, such as
having sufficient strength to withstand the internal pressure generated by the fuel
being delivered.
[0052] It will be further noted that the outer ferrule 50 has a bore 74 which is vertically
offset from the central axis of the ferrule. This offset has two purposes. First,
it facilitates connection of the vent tube 52, as previously described. Second, the
offset facilitates connection of the inner tube thereto, in that the degree to which
the inner tube must be flexed is minimized. Connection of the inner tube 36 to the
outer ferrule 50 is further facilitated by a beveled, or conical inner, entrance end,
indicated at 76.
[0053] The inner end of the inner tube subassembly 48 is positioned relative to the inner
end of the outer tube assembly 46, by vanes 78, projecting radially from the inner
ferrule hub 72. The inner ends of the vanes 78 slidingly engage the inner diameter
of the enlarged, inner end portion of the outer spout tube 34 to position the inner
tube 36 centrally thereof. The vanes 78 have shoulders 80, which are engaged with
the inner end of the spout tube 34 to longitudinally position the inner tube assembly
48 relative to the outer tube assembly 46.
[0054] In telescoping the inner tube assembly into the outer spout tube 34, the vent tube
52 is positioned, in a relative sense, with respect to the spout tube 34. That is,
the inner tube assembly is positioned in an angular sense about the axis of the spout
tube 34. The spout tube 34 has an angled indentation 82, at a three o'clock position,
as viewed in Fig. 5A, reference also Fig. 5B. It will next be noted that the inner
ferrule has a fifth radial vane 84 that defines a recess for receiving the inner end
of the vent tube 52. As the inner tube 36 is inserted into the outer spout tube 34,
the vent tube, positioned in the recess defined by the fifth vane 84, is aligned with
the recess 82, in the outer spout tube. The vent tube 52 is thus spiraled from a lower,
six o'clock position at the distal end of the spout to a three o'clock position at
its inner end.
[0055] It has been found that the friction forces effective between the inner subassembly
48 and outer subassembly 46 are sufficient to maintain their assembled positions,
without the need for a locking means in either a longitudinal or angular sense. It
is to be further noted that, when mounted on a nozzle body there are no forces on
the spout assembly that would tend to cause relative movement between the subassemblies
in either a longitudinal or angular direction. The absence of a locking means facilitates
disassembly of the subassemblies for replacement of one or the other that might become
damaged.
[0056] The nozzle components with which the spout assembly cooperate will next be described,
with reference to Figs. 5 and 6. Prior to such description it will be pointed out
that the major portions of the nozzle body 24 and vapor cap 41 are enclosed within
a scuff guard 85 of relatively soft, vinyl plastic. The scuff guard embodies known
teachings.
[0057] The distal end portion of the nozzle body 24 defines a portion of the fuel flow passage
32, downstream of the main valve 44. A multi-diameter adapter 86 extends inwardly
from the distal end of the nozzle body 24 into an appropriately stepped bore, which
diameters are, respectively, sealed with the bore. A venturi check valve 88 is disposed
at the upstream end of the adapter 86 and comprises a valve seat 90, threaded into
the upstream end of the adapter 86, a poppet 92 that is slidable in a central hub
of the adapter 86 and a spring 95, that urges the valve poppet to a closed position.
[0058] The adapter 86 has a central tubular portion 93 that defines the portion of the inner,
fuel passage 32, downstream of the venturi valve 88. The hub for the venturi popper
is supported by vanes that span the fuel passage. The adapter further comprises an
outer tubular portion 94, that is spaced from the inner tubular portion and defines,
in combination therewith, a portion of the vapor return passage 40. Vanes 96 span
the vapor return passage 40 to support the inner tubular portion 93 of the adapter.
One of the diameters of the adapter 86, that is sealed with respect to the nozzle
body 24, is in the form of a flange 95 that projects outwardly from the tubular portion
94. The second sealed diameter is provided by a flange that projects outwardly from
the inner tubular portion 93, which inner tubular portion extends inwardly beyond
the outer tubular portion 94. An annular chamber 98 is thus defined in the vapor return
passage 40. A passage 100, in the nozzle body 24, connects the chamber 98 with the
vapor return passage in the vapor cap 41.
[0059] There is a third passage through the adapter 86 for venting the suction generated
by the venturi valve 88, in providing an automatic shut-off function. In operating
principle, the automatic shut-off function is well known. Briefly, it will be noted
that the main valve, operating lever 42 is pivoted on a trip stem 102. The stem 102
extends through a housing to a trip mechanism 104 having a chamber 106. (The fuel
passage 32 splits and goes around the housing for the trip stem 102.) When there is
fuel flow through the venturi valve 88, a reduced pressure is formed at the throat
of the venturi passage defined by the poppet 92. This reduced pressure draws air from
an annular chamber 106, surrounding the valve seat 90. The annular chamber 106 is
connected to a passage 108 formed in the vane 96, that connects the inner and outer
tubular portions of the adapter 86. The trip mechanism chamber 106 is also connected
to the annular, venturi chamber 106, by appropriate passages (not shown) through the
inner tubular member 93.
[0060] To complete the description of the automatic shut-off feature, when the spout assembly
is mounted on the nozzle, as will soon be described, the vent tube 52 is connected
to the passage 108 and thus to annular chamber 106. While the spout inlet 66, to the
vent tube 52 is not blocked, there is a flow of air therethrough to the annular chamber
106, so that air is drawn into the fuel flowing through the venturi passage. The trip
mechanism chamber 104, is thus maintained at a pressure that is at, or minimally below
atmospheric pressure. When the spout is inserted into the fill pipe of a vehicle fuel
tank, and when the fuel reaches a height sufficient to block the vent inlet 66, the
system being otherwise sealed from atmosphere, a vacuum (negative pressure) is generated
in the annular chamber 106 and in the trip mechanism chamber 104. The trip mechanism
is responsive to this negative pressure, to release the trip stem 102, resulting in
valve 44 dosing to shut off fuel flow and prevent fuel from overflowing the fill pipe.
For a more detailed description of this type of automatic shut-off device, reference
is made to the previously identified
521 application.
[0061] Reverting to a description of the spout assembly and with particular reference to
Figs. 2 and 4, an O-ring 110 is telescoped over a reduced diameter at the inner end
of the inner ferrule hub 72, a second O-ring 112 is telescoped over the inner, expanded
end portion of the outer spout tube 34. The vent tube 52 is extended beyond the inner
end of the spout assembly so that it can be readily inserted into the passage 108.
Passage 108, preferably, has an entrance taper of approximately 1° to provide a sealed
connection therewith, without the need of adhesives or other sealing means. Continued
movement of the spout assembly toward the distal end of the nozzle body 24, enables
the inner end of the inner ferrule to be telescoped into the bore that defines the
fuel passage 32 of the adapter 86. This bore is counterbored to receive the hub 72
of the inner ferrule, with both the hub and its reduced diameter being received with
a minimal clearance and the 0-ring 110 compressed therebetween
[0062] Continued inward mowment of the spout assembly causes the spout tube 34 to be inserted
into the inner diameter of the outer tubular portion 94, of the adapter 86, compressing,
the O-ring 112 therebetween. Inward movement of the spout assembly is limited by engagement
of the locator ring 54 with the end of the outer tubular portion 94 of the adapter
86. It will be noted that the end of the outer tubular portion 94 is slotted and the
locator ring comprises lugs 114 that are received in these slots and bottom thereagainst
to longitudinally position the spout assembly. It is to be noted that the adapter
86 is longitudinally positioned relative to the nozzle body 24 by engagement of the
flange on the inner end of the inner tubular portion 93, with the counterbore in which
it is received. The lugs 114 are received in slots 115 formed in the distal end of
the adapter 86 (seen only in Fig. 6) to lock the spout assembly in an angular sense
with respect to the adapter 86. The adapter is, in turn, locked in an angular sense,
with respect to the nozzle body 24, by a screw 116 that extends through the nozzle
body 24 and is threaded into the vane 96 opposite the vent passage 108.
[0063] The final step, in mounting the spout assembly on the nozzle body, is to telescope
a spout nut 118 over the distal end of the spout tube 34 and then thread it into an
enlarged, distal portion of the nozzle body bore that receives the sealing flange
of the outer tube portion 96 of the adapter. The spout nut 118 is provided with a
central bore 120 that provides a relatively small clearance with the outer diameter
of the spout tube 34 and a counterbore that provides a close clearance with the locator
ring 54. The counterbore 122 also forms a shoulder that engages the full annulus of
the locator ring 54 to lock the spout assembly against the adapter 86 and thus prevent
the spout assembly from being pulled from the nozzle body.
[0064] The described construction uniquely minimizes flow losses at the connection of the
three fluid passages (fuel, vapor and venting air) in the spout to the corresponding
passages in the adapter. Further, in so connecting such passages, a compact space
envelope is maintained, all to the end of providing a nozzle that can be used by a
service station customer with the same convenience as found in a conventional nozzle
that does not have a vapor recovery capability.
[0065] The features providing such advantages include the inner ferrule 70 and the enlarged
inner end portion of the outer tube 34. The enlarged outer tube portion enables the
seal between the tube 34 and the adapter to be obtained through the use of an O-ring
that is effective on cylindrical surfaces thereof. This is a highly effective means
of attaining a seal, and is preferred to seals in which the O-ring is compressed between
two clamping surfaces and can be extruded so thee its sealing effectiveness is lost.
To digress briefly, there is a further O-ring 123 effective between the spout nut
120 and the outer spout tube 34. The counterbore for this seal can also be dimensioned
so that the O-ring 123 does not extrude and lose its effectiveness, when the spout
nut is fully torqued.
[0066] The enlarged inner end of the tube 34 also enables the flow areas for fuel and vapor
to be sized that any flow losses are minimized, while a compact space envelope is
maintained. Thus, the flow area of the fuel, is essentially the same throughout the
length of the spout. The annular flow area for the vapor return passage is also essentially
the same throughout length of the spout and particularly at its juncture with the
adapter 86. Thus, even though the inner diameter of the generally annular flow path
is increased, there is a corresponding increase in the outer diameter of the flow
path, due to the enlarged diameter of the inner end portion of the outer tube 34.
This increase in diameter is sufficient to provide, at a minimum, approximately the
same vapor flow area as in the distal portions of the spout, notwithstanding the presence
of the ferrule hub 72 and vanes 78, 84
[0067] In completing the description of the spout assembly 22, its failure mode will be
detailed. When fuel is being dispensed from the nozzle 20, the spout is inserted into
the fill pipe of a vehicle fuel tank. It will be noted that a wire 119 is coiled about
the outer spout tube 34. Such a coiled wire, also referenced as a spring, is conventionally
provided to assist in maintaining the nozzle spout in its inserted position in the
fill pipe (illustrated in Fig. 19). The present spout construction permits this convenience
feature to be provided, without any additional expense insofar as providing the other
advantages of the invention.
[0068] From time to time, a motorist is forgetful and drives away with the nozzle spout
still inserted into the inlet pipe of his vehicle's fuel tank. The groove 62, in the
aluminum outer spout tube 34 provides a predetermined failure mode that minimizes
the extent of damage that will be incurred when a driveaway occurs. The provision
of such a fracture groove is a known expedient in non-vapor recovery nozzles. Aluminum
tube spouts and fracture grooves therefor have been developed to a highly reliable
state. One feature of the present invention is that this proven technology is incorporated
in a spout that provides a vapor return passage. Thus loading which will cause the
spout tube 34 is reliably set at less than the force, or loading, required to rupture
the hose, or topple the dispenser to which the hose is attached. Rupturing of the
hose or toppling of the dispenser would result in damage to more expensive components,
and, further, would involve the additional hazard of an uncontrolled discharge of
fuel.
[0069] It is to be further appreciated that, once the outer spout tube 34 fractures at the
groove 62, it can readily release from the inner tube 36. This is to note that, preferably,
there is no bonded connection between the outer ferrule 50 and the inner spout tube
36. Thus there is no need to rupture the tube 36, and introduce the possibility that
the force required to rupture that tube would be sufficient to rupture the coaxial
hose or topple the dispenser, or otherwise impede separation of the outer spout tube
from the nozzle.
[0070] Figs. 15-17 illustrate a spout assembly 22' that is also shown in the above-referenced
application, Ser. No. 986,521. The spout assembly 22' is, likewise, adapted to be
mounted on a nozzle body (not shown) to provide a fuel dispensing nozzle having a
vapor recovery capability. The spout assembly 22' comprises an outer tube 34' and
an inner tube 36'. The inner tube 36' defines the spout portion of a fuel passage
32' and combines with the outer tube 34' to define an annular, vapor return passage
40'. Holes 38', in the tube 34', adjacent its distal end, provide an entrance to the
vapor return passage 40'.
[0071] The distal ends of the tubes 34' and 36' are joined by a ferrule 50'. A vent tube
52' is mounted in a slot in the ferrule 50' and is in communication with a vent opening
66' in the outer tube 34'. The vent tube 52' extends from a six o'clock position at
the distal end of the nozzle to a three o'clock position at the inner end of the spout
22', as viewed in Fig. 17. As will be evident from the foregoing, the distal end portion
of the spout assembly 22' is configured in substantially the same fashion as the distal
end portion of the spout assembly 22, first described. The inner end portion of the
spout assembly 22' is configured in a different fashion. The differences in the inner
end portion of the spout assembly 22' are designed to enable the spout assembly 22'
to be mounted in a nozzle body and adapter design that differs from the nozzle body
and adapter on which the present spout assembly (22) is mounted. The configuration
of the inner end portion of the spout assembly 22' has no relation to the present
invention. It is sufficient to appreciate that the spout assembly 22, when joined
to the nozzle body described in said
521 application, is provided with appropriate connections with vapor return passages
and fuel passages
∼n the nozzle body. The vent tube 52' is likewise connected to a venturi automatic
shut-off mechanism.
[0072] The spout assembly 22' may also be advantageously formed employing synthetic resin
components, commonly referenced as plastics. Fig 18 illustrates the distal end portion
of a spout construction 22'', employing "plastic" components. These components are
identified by like reference characters, which have a "double prime" designation.
The outer tube 34'' may be of a "structural" type resin. There are many "structural"
type resins that could be employed for such purpose, delrin being an example. The
ferrule 50'', inner tube 36'' and vent tube 52'' may also be formed of "structural"
resins. In general, "structural" resins have a relatively low resilience, that is,
they take a permanent set, after they have been strained to a relatively limited extent.
Because of the widely varying temperatures to which fuel nozzles are subject, and
the resultant thermal expansion and contraction, there is a tendency for the effectiveness
of interference fits to be lost over a period of time. Thus, when employing "structural"
resins, it is preferred to employ an independent bonding mechanism, such as a glue,
solvent or thermal fusion, to hold the spout components in assembled relation.
[0073] The inner tube 36'' could also, and preferably is formed of a flexible type resin,
or rubber, which is essentially rigid when subject to axial compression despite being
laterally flexible, i.e., bendable. By so doing, fabrication and assembly of the spout
may be simplified. This is to say that the outer tube 34'' could be molded, of a "structural"
resin in the final, curved configuration illustrated in Fig. 15. Then, with the inner
tube 36'' formed of a flexible material and attached to a ferrule 50'', which may
also be formed of a synthetic resin, the inner tube can be inserted into the curved
outer tube and then bonded, by adhesive or the like, to complete the spout subassembly.
The inner tube 36'' is adapted to be sealingly telescoped into sealing relation with
the fuel passage of an adapter, taking note that the inner tube 36, of the first embodiment,
is likewise telescoped into sealed relation with the fuel passage of adapter 86.
[0074] In the first embodiment, there is an inner ferrule interposed between the inner tube
34 and the adapter 86. In said
521 application the adapter fuel passage is adapted to directly receive the inner
end of the inner spout hose. The point being made is that, in both cases, where flexible
synthetic resins are employed, as nylon 66, the inner tube has sufficient axial strength
to resist the forces associated with the telescoping action by which a sealed connection
is made as the inner tube is telescoped into connected relation.
[0075] The vent tube 52'' may also be formed of a flexible, axially rigid resin. The same
properties which facilitate connection of the flexible, axially rigid inner tube 36'',
to the nozzle portion of the fuel passage 32'' also facilitate connection of the flexible,
axially rigid vent tube 52'' to an adapter, in a fashion equivalent to that described
in connection with the first embodiment. Where synthetic resins are used for the tubes
34'' or 36'' it is preferred that the resin be electrically conductive. Electrically
conductive resins, suitable for the present purposes are well known and commercially
available.
[0076] The use of resinous materials can also enable elimination of the ferrule 50'' as
a separate element, as is illustrated in Fig. 18. This is to say that the reenforcement
function provided by the ferrule 50'' can be economically attained by forming the
ferrule as an integral part of the outer tube 34'' or as an integral part of the inner
tube 36''. The ferrule 50'' is not a separate element, but, instead is integrally
molded with the inner tube 36''.
[0077] Reference is next made to Figs. 20-22 for a description of an alternate spout construction
that is generally identified by reference character 222. The primary advantage of
this embodiment of the invention is in providing greater strength for the distal end
portion of the outer spout tube. As discussed above, the conflicting constraints of
a maximum diameter that is insertable through a no lead restricter plate, and the
need for maximized flow areas for fluid and vapor flows, lead to a minimization of
the wall thickness of the outer spout tube. The distal end portion of the outer spout
tube thus becomes vulnerable to damage in the normal wear and tear in usage of the
nozzle.
[0078] This vulnerability is overcome in spout assembly 222 by forming the outer spout tube
as an inner portion 234A and an outer portion 234B. The inner spout portion 234A is
preferably formed of aluminum in the same fashion described above and differs from
the outer spout tube 34 primarily in that it has a shorter, distal end portion. The
advantages described with respect to the inner end portion of the spout tube 34, e.g.,
enlarging of the inner end and mounting of a locator ring 54 remain the same.
[0079] The outer end portion 234B of the spout tube is formed of stainless steel, which
provides a much greater strength for this portion of the spout tube, with the same
or even a reduced wall thickness. The stainless steel tube is simply telescoped into
the distal end of the aluminum, inner tube 234A and then secure in place. Preferable,
the distal end portion of the aluminum spout tube 234A is counterbored to provided
an accurate fit between and axial positioning of the stainless steel tube relative
thereto. The tube portion 234 is then secured in place. An effective way of securing
the tube 234B is to form a groove 235 circumferentially on its inner end portion.
Then after it has been telescoped into the outer tube 234A, a rolling operation is
performed to swage the outer tube metal into the groove 235.
[0080] The outer tube portion 234B, at its distal end may be provided with the same ferrule
50, as was employed with the spout 34, previously described. The distal end of the
tube 234B is then rolled to lock the ferrule in place. The ferrule 50 makes provision
for mounting a vent tube 52, in the same fashion as before, for communication with
a vent opening 66 in the tube 234B. The tube 234B is also provided, as before with
entrance holes 38 to the vapor return passage 40.
[0081] The ferrule 50 and vent tube 52 are indicated, in Figs 21, 22, as being mounted,
on the outer tube 234B to form a subassembly, which is then mounted on the inner tube
portion 234A. However, it would also be possible to first mount the tube portion 234B
on the tube portion 234A, and then to mount the ferrule 50 and vent tube 53.
[0082] Figs. 23-26 illustrate an alternate approach to strengthen the outer end portion
of the outer spout tube. This spout construction, identified by referenced character
222', may be the same as the spout construction 222, just described except for the
outer end tube portion 234B. The tube portion 234B' is preferably formed from an extruded
aluminum tube, which has longitudinal strengthening ribs 241. The ribs 241 permit
the economical use of extruded aluminum tubing, with a minimum of machining, to form
the tube portion 234B'.
[0083] The extrusion, after being cut to the proper length, is simply counterbored (to remove
the ribs) to form a seat for a modified ferrule 250. The ferrule is preferable formed
of a structural resinous material, such as nylon, and is simply telescoped into assembled
relation with the outer tube portion 234B', abutting against a shoulder 251, so that
the outer tube portion is formed by the resinous plastic ferrule 243. The ferrule
243 can be held in assembled relation by appropriate solvent or adhesive means.
[0084] While illustrated in connection with the compositely formed outer tube 234', it is
to be understood that the resinous ferrule 243 could also be employed, with advantage,
in joining an inner tube (36) to an integral outer tube (34) construction as was described
in connection with the first embodiment of Figs. 1-7.
[0085] The compositely formed outer spout tubes 234A/234B or 234A
/234B' can be assembled with an inner tube assembly 48 as previously described. In
this connection it is to be noted that the inner ends of the ribs 241 are beveled
at 245 to facilitate entrance of the distal end of the inner tube 38 during assembly.
[0086] With respect to the outer tube 234B' it is to be noted that the lower two ribs 241
are closely spaced and adapted to receive the vent tube 52 and facilitate its positioning
during assembly.
[0087] Figs. 27-29 illustrate another alternate approach to strengthening the outer end
portion of the outer spout tube. This spout construction, identified by reference
character 222'', may be the same as the spout construction 222, just described except
for the outer end tube portion 234B. The tube portion 234B'' is preferably formed
from by a die cast structural resin, nylon or acetal resins being suitable. The tube
portion 234B'' has integral longitudinal strengthening ribs 247, which are similar
to the ribs 241 in the previous embodiment.
[0088] The tube portion 234B'' is simply inserted in the bore in the distal end of the aluminum
tube portion 234A and then may be secured, as by bonding with a suitable adhesive.
In this embodiment, the use of a ferrule is eliminated. Thus after the tube portion
234B'' is secured in place, the inner tube assembly 48 may be assembled with the modified
outer tube assemble to dispose the inner tube 36 in its illustrated position. In this
case, it may be appropriate to seal the inner tube 36 with respect to the bore in
the tube portion 234B'' that receives it. A suitable adhesive or solvent could provide
the sealing function.
[0089] Vapor return entrance openings 38 permit flow of vapor to the portion of the vapor
return passage that is defined by the tube portion 234B'' and the inner tube 36. Return
vapor then flows between the ribs 247 to the annular passage defined by the upper
spout tube 234A.
[0090] Similar to the previous embodiment, the bottom two ribs 247 define a means for mounting
the vent tube 52. The entrance to the vent passage tube is illustrated in Fig. 29
at 249.
[0091] It is to be noted that, in the embodiments employing a compositely formed outer tube
234, the outer portion 234B, 234B' and 234B'', are preferably straight lengths of
tubing like elements. The curvature that is provided to angle the distal end of the
spout is all provided in the inner spout portion 234A.
[0092] Other variations and deviations from the specific embodiment first described, will
occur to those skilled in the art, within the spirit and scope of the invention, as
set forth in the following claims.
1. A spout for a vapor recovery fuel nozzle
where said nozzle (20) comprises
a nozzle body (24) and
a spout (22) projecting therefrom,
said nozzle body and spout each having
communicating fuel passages (32) for directing pressurized fuel through the nozzle
and discharging it from the spout,
said nozzle body and spout each also having
communicating vapor return passages (40) for directing vapors from the discharge end
of said spout through the spout and nozzle body for disposal at a remote location,
and
said spout comprises
an outer tube (34) which is essentially rigid, in an axial sense,
an inner tube (36), which is essentially rigid, in an axial sense, and
means (50, 70) joining the distal ends of said inner and outer tubes, and laterally
spacing the inner end portions thereof,
the spout portion of the fuel passage being defined by the inner tube and
the spout portion of the vapor passage being defined by inner end portions of the
inner and outer tubes,
characterized in that
the inner tube is formed of a synthetic resin.
2. A vapor recovery fuel nozzle as in claim 1
further responding to one or more of the following:
(A) the distal end portion of the spout being angled downwardly from the inner end
portion of the spout, and
further characterized in that
the inner tube is flexible in a lateral sense,
(B) further characterized in that
the outer tube is formed of a structural, synthetic resin.
(C) further characterized in that
the joining means comprises a thickened portion integrally formed on one of said tubes
and bonded to the other of said tubes.
3. A spout for mounting on a vapor recovery nozzle,
said nozzle (20) comprising
a nozzle body (24)
said spout (22) having
A. an inner end which is mounted on the nozzle body and a distal end from which fuel
is discharged,
the distal end portion of the spout being angled downwardly from the inner end portion
of the spout,
B. an inner tube (36) and an outer tube (34),
C. means (50) joining the distal ends of said inner and outer tubes,
wherein
the outer tube is rigid and
characterized in that
the inner tube is a laterally flexible, thin walled, synthetic resin extrusion.
4. A vapor recovery fuel nozzle as in claim 3
further responding to one or more of the following:
(A) further characterized in that
the means for joining the distal ends of said inner and outer tubes comprise an outer
ferrule (50) disposed within the distal end of the outer tube, the distal end of the
inner tube is telescoped into said ferrule, and opening means (38) are formed in the
outer tube, adjacent to and
inwardly of the ferrule to thereby provide an inlet to the vapor passage;
(B) further characterized by
an inner ferrule (70) telescoped into the inner end of the outer tube and positioning
the inner tube relative to the inner end of the outer tube;
(C) further characterized by
a vent tube (52) for an automatic shut-off venturi (88), and
the outer ferrule has a slot (68) to receive said vent tube,
the outer tube has a vent opening (66) that registers with said ferrule slot and provides
an inlet for venting air, and
the inner tube is upwardly offset relative to the outer diameter of the ferrule;
(D) further characterized by
means for positioning the inner end of the inner tube in fixed relation to the inner
end of the outer spout tube.
(E) further characterized in that
the means for positioning the inner end of the inner tube in fixed relation to the
inner end of the outer tube comprise an inner ferrule (70),
said inner ferrule comprising a central hub and outwardly projecting vanes (74),
said inner ferrule being telescoped over the inner end of inner tube,
said outwardly projecting vanes engaging the inner diametrical surface of the outer
tube, adjacent its outer end, to position the inner tube relative to the outer tube,
further characterized in that
the inner end of the outer spout tube is enlarged and
the vapor flow area at the inner end of the spout is substantially as large as it
is distally of the inner ferrule;
(F) further characterized by
a locator ring (54) mounted in fixed relation on the outer diameter of the outer tube,
said locator ring being spaced a relatively short distance distally from the inner
end of the outer tube and disposed in a plane normal to the axis of the inner end
portion of the outer tube;
(G) further characterized by
a vent tube (52) extending from an opening (66) in the outer tube wall, adjacent the
distal end thereof, through the vapor passage, between vanes of the inner ferrule,
for connection with a venturi vent passage (106) in the nozzle,
said vent tube being formed of a synthetic resin that is relatively rigid in an axial
direction and relatively flexible in a lateral direction;
(H) further characterized in that
the outer spout tube is formed of aluminum, and
the inner spout tube is formed of nylon;
(I) further characterized in that
the outer tube is formed of aluminum and the inner end portion thereof has a wall
thickness of approximately .318 cm. (1/8 inch),
a circumferential groove is formed in the inner end portion of the outer tube, and
the inner tube is axially separable from the means for joining the inner and outer
tubes at the distal end of the spout,
whereby, in the event of a vehicle being driven away with the spout inserted in its
fill pipe, the failure mode for the spout will be a fracturing of the outer tube at
the circumferential groove, with the distal end portion of the outer tube then axially
separating from the inner tube;
(J) the outer tube has
a smoothly curved portion intermediate its angled, distal and inner end portions,
and
vapor passage inlet means (38) closely adjacent its distal end,
further characterized in that
the outer tube has a substantially constant inner diameter from its distal end to
the curved portion that extends to the angled inner portion,
the distal end portion of the outer tube has a minimal wall thickness for a distance,
inwardly of the its distal end, sufficient to permit the outer tube to be inserted
through a restricter plate and position the vapor passage inlet means inwardly of
the restricter plate, and
the outer tube has a substantially increased wall thickness through the remainder
of its length;
(K) further characterized in that
the outer tube
is formed of aluminum,
has a wall thickness of approximately .127 cm. (.050 inch) at its distal end portion,
and
has a wall thickness of approximately .318 cm. (1/8 inch) for the remainder of its
length;
(L) further characterized in that
the inner tube is an extruded nylon 66 tubing having a wall thickness of approximately
.051 cm. (.020 inch);
(M) the joining means is ferrule (243) formed of a structural resin and forms an outer
nose portion of the spout.
5. A vapor recovery, fuel nozzle comprising
a nozzle body (24) adapted for attachment of a coaxial hose to a butt end thereof,
a spout (22) mounted on an end of the nozzle body opposite the butt end,
an adapter (86) disposed in a bore that extends inwardly of the nozzle body from said
opposite end,
said adapter comprising
an inner tubular portion (93) defining a central fuel flow passage, that is in communication
with a fuel passage in the coaxial hose, and
an outer tubular portion (94) defining, in part, an annular vapor passage, that is
in communication with a vapor passage in the coaxial hose,
said spout
having an inner end that is adapted to be detachably secured to the nozzle body and
a distal end that is adapted to be inserted into the fill pipe of a fuel tank,
the distal end portion of said spout assembly being angled downwardly with respect
to the inner end portion thereof,
comprising an inner tube (36) and an outer tube (34),
said inner tube defining a spout fuel passage,
said inner and outer tubes, in combination, defining an annular, spout vapor passage,
characterized in that
the inner end of the outer tube is telescoped into the outer tubular portion of the
adapter, with opposed circumferential surfaces in sealed relation,
telescoping means (72) connect the fuel passage of the inner tubular portion of the
adapter with the fuel passage defined by the inner spout tube,
flange means (54) project outwardly form the outer tube, adjacent its inner end,
a spout nut (is threaded into the nozzle body and engages the flange means to mount
the spout on the nozzle body.
6. A vapor recovery fuel nozzle as in claim 5
further responding to one or more of the following:
(A) further characterized in that
the flange means are embedded in swaged portions of the outer tube.
(B) further characterized in that
the inner end portion of the outer tube has a generally uniform wall thickness, and
a portion of the outer tube, extending distally from its inner end, has an enlarged
diameter, and
an inner ferrule (70) having a central hub (72) is mounted on the inner end of the
inner tube, and
said inner ferrule also has vanes (74) that engage the inner surface of the enlarged
portion of the outer tube and laterally position the inner end of the inner tube relative
thereto;
(C) further characterized in that
the spout is formed from an extruded aluminum tubing,
the flange means comprise
a locator ring (54) having
inwardly projecting lugs that are embedded in swaged portions of the spout, which
portions mount the locator ring on the spout tube,
outwardly projecting lugs adapted to be received by slots in the nozzle adapter and
angularly position the spout tube relative thereto;
(D) further characterized by
an outer ferrule (50) mounted in the distal end of the outer tube and having a longitudinal
bore for receiving the inner tube, and
further characterized in that
a circumferential fracture groove (62) is formed in the outer spout tube adjacent
to and distally of the enlarged portion,
the inner tube is
formed of a thin walled, extruded nylon tubing,
bonded to the hub of the inner ferrule, and
is freely slidable from the outer tube;
(E) further characterized in that
the nozzle adapter has vane means (96) interconnecting its inner and outer portions,
said interconnecting vane means having a longitudinal venturi venting passage (108),
and
further characterized by
a vent tube (52),
formed of extruded nylon tubing, and
extending from the outer ferrule, through the vapor passage defined by the inner and
outer tubes, and projecting beyond the inner end of the inner ferrule for insertion
into the longitudinal venturi venting passage in the adapter vane means;
(F) wherein
the distal end of the inner tubular portion of the adapter is spaced inwardly from
the distal end of the outer tubular portion of the adapter, and
further characterized in that
the inner ferrule has radial outwardly projecting vane portions (78) that engage the
inner end of the outer spout to limit movement of the inner tube distally of the outer
tube and space the outer tube from the distal end of the inner tubular portion of
the adapter.
7. A method of manufacturing a spout for a fuel nozzle where the spout (22)
A. has an inner end secured to a nozzle body (24) and a distal end for insertion into
the inlet pipe of a vehicle fuel tank,
B. has its distal end portion angled downwardly from its inner end portion,
C. comprises an inner spout tube (36) and an outer spout tube (34),
wherein the steps of forming the outer spout tube comprise
characterized by the steps of
1. in a lathe setup
a. forming a counterbore (56) in a length of aluminum tubing to form the distal end
of the outer spout tube, and
b. forming a fracture groove (62) in the length of aluminum tubing adjacent the inner
end of the outer spout tube,
2. bending the length of tubing to angle the distal end portion of the outer spout
downwardly from its inner end portion,
3. expanding the diameter of the inner end portion of the tube, while maintaining
a substantially constant wall thickness.
8. A method for manufacturing as spout as in claim 7
further responding to one or more of the following:
(A) further characterized in that the length of tubing is extruded 6005-T5 aluminum
tubing;
(B) further characterized in that
in the lathe setup,
the further step of turning the distal end portion of the outer spout is performed
to reduce its outer diameter and wall thickness;
(C) further characterized by
the further step of
positioning a locator ring adjacent to and distally of the inner end of the outer
spout prior to and during the expanding step, and
expanding the outer tube to an extent sufficient to swage the tube material into engagement
with the locator ring (54) and mount it on the spout tube;
(D) further characterized in that
the method steps are performed in the sequence stated;
(E) further characterized in that
the length of tubing mounted in the lathe is extruded 6005-T5 aluminum tubing, and
after the bending operation,
by the further step of
positioning a locator ring (54) adjacent to and distally of the inner end of the outer
spout tube prior to and during the expanding step, and
expanding the outer spout to an extent sufficient to swage the tube material into
engagement with the locator ring and mount it on the spout tube;
(F) further characterized by the further steps of
mounting an outer ferrule (50) in the distal end of the outer spout,
mounting an inner ferrule (70) on the inner end of the inner tube, and
inserting the distal end of the inner tube into the outer tube, from its distal end
and further inserting the distal end of the inner tube in the outer ferrule and also
inserting the inner ferrule into the expanded, distal end of the outer tube, thereby
laterally positioning the inner tube relative to the outer tube;
(G) further characterized
after the forming and bending steps,
by the additional steps of
forming a vent air opening (66) in the outer tube at a six o'clock position,
forming vapor inlets (38) in the outer tube adjacent to and inwardly of the counterbore,
mounting a vent tube (52) into a slot (68) formed longitudinally of the outer ferrule,
prior to mounting the outer ferrule on the outer spout tube, and
telescoping the vent tube through the outer tube in mounting the outer ferrule on
the outer tube with the longitudinal slot registered with the vent opening in the
outer spout.
9. A method of making a spout to be mounted on a fuel nozzle body where the spout (22)
A. has a distal end and an inner end, and
B. comprises a spout tube (34),
wherein the method of forming the spout tube comprises the steps of
1. mounting a length of aluminum tubing in a lathe setup, and forming a fracture groove
(62) in the length of aluminum tubing,
2. bending the length of tubing to angle the distal end portion of the outer spout
downwardly from its inner end portion.
10. A method for manufacturing as spout as in claim 9
further responding to one or more of the following:
(A) further characterized by the additional step of
expanding the diameter of the inner end portion of the tube, while maintaining a substantially
constant wall thickness.
(B) further characterized by the additional step of
positioning a locator ring (54) adjacent to and distally of the inner end of the spout
tube prior to and during the expanding step, and
expanding the spout tube to an extent sufficient to swage the tube material into engagement
with the locator ring and mount it on the spout tube.
11. A spout for mounting on a vapor recovery nozzle,
said nozzle (20) comprising
a nozzle body (24)
said spout (22) having
A. an inner end which is mounted on the nozzle body and a distal end from which fuel
is discharged,
the distal end portion of the spout being angled downwardly from the inner end portion
of the spout,
B. an inner tube (36) and an outer tube (34),
C. means (243) for joining the distal ends of said inner and outer tubes, characterized
in that
the outer tube is rigid and
the inner tube is a laterally flexible, thin walled, synthetic resin extrusion, and
the distal end portion of the outer tube has a bending strength greater than that
of the inner end portion thereof.
12. A vapor recovery fuel nozzle as in claim 10
further responding to one or more of the following:
(A) the inner portion (234A) of the outer tube is formed of aluminum, and the distal
portion (234B) of the outer tube is formed of stainless steel;
(B) the inner portion (234A) of the outer tube is formed of aluminum, and
the distal portion of the outer tube comprises an aluminum extrusion (234B
) having longitudinal, inwardly projecting, reenforcing ribs;
(C) the inner portion of the outer tube is formed of aluminum, and
the distal tube portion (234B
) is formed by a structural resin, which forms the nose portion of the spout and receives
the inner tube;
(D) the outer tube is counterbored and
the joining means comprises an outer ferrule telescoped into said counterbore, with
the inner tube being telescoped into the outer ferrule, and
said outer ferrule projects beyond the distal end of the distal portion of the outer
tube,.