[0001] The invention relates to bogie rail vehicles of the kind comprising two or more elongate
vehicle bodies arranged end-to-end, the adjacent ends of the two vehicle bodies being
supported by a common bogie. Such vehicles are commonly used, for example, for the
transport by rail of goods containers or the container trailers of large road transport
vehicles. In each case the unit carried by each vehicle body is a box-like unit of
very substantial length and width.
[0002] In one form of rail vehicle of this kind, each vehicle body is supported at one end
by a single bogie, the other end of the vehicle body remote from its bogie being supported
by being coupled to the end of a similar vehicle which is also supported on its respective
bogie. In an alternative arrangement the adjacent ends of two elongate vehicle bodies
are each connected to a common bogie. The present invention particularly relates to
vehicles of the latter type.
[0003] When a train of rail vehicles is traversing a track there is normally a limit, imposed
by the railway authorities, on the extent to which any part of any vehicle, including
the load carried by the vehicle, may project laterally beyond the track. Such limit
must be imposed in order to prevent any part of the rail vehicle, or of the load carried
by it, colliding with trackside fixtures. The extent to which any rail vehicle projects
laterally beyond the track is at a minimum when the track is straight, but increases
when the vehicle is traversing a curved portion of the track, due to the length of
the vehicle. This increase is known as the "overthrow". The "inner" overthrow is the
increase in lateral projection, between bogies, on the inside of the curve, whereas
the "outer" overthrow is the increase in lateral projection on the outside of the
curve.
[0004] The overthrow generally increases with the length of the vehicle and with reduction
in the radius of curvature of the track. Any rail vehicle must therefore be so designed
that its maximum lateral projection beyond the track, including the overthrow, is
still within the imposed limit even when traversing a portion of track of the smallest
radius to be encountered. The extent of the overthrow is at least partly dependent
on the location of the pivotal connections between the vehicle body and the bogies
on which it is supported.
[0005] In bogie rail vehicles of the kind referred to, where two adjacent vehicle bodies
are connected to a common bogie between them, it has hitherto been the practice to
connect each vehicle body to the bogie by means of a single pivotal connection on
the bogie which is allows pivotal movement about both horizontal and vertical axes.
This enables each vehicle body to pivot both vertically and horizontally relative
to the bogie so as to accommodate both horizontal and vertical curvature of the track
over which the vehicle passes.
[0006] However, prior art arrangements may suffer from two significant disadvantages. Usually
the pivotal connection between each vehicle body and the bogie lies within the bogie,
so that the connection must be so arranged as to accommodate comparatively large angular
deflections between the two parts of the coupling, both horizontally and vertically,
in order to accommodate horizontal and vertical curvatures of the track which are
likely to be met in use. This may impose considerable constraints on the design of
the bogie and vehicle bodies. Furthermore, with the prior art arrangements the weight
of each vehicle body is at least partly, and sometimes wholly, transmitted to the
bogie through the pivotal coupling, with the result that the components of the coupling
must be very substantial in order to handle the heavy loads to which they are likely
to be subjected in use. This not only makes the coupling components costly, but the
large size of the components may also again impose constraints on the design of the
bogie and vehicle bodies.
[0007] Also, since the pivot point between each vehicle body and the bogie is comparatively
close to the centre of the bogie, the amount of overthrow experienced when traversing
a horizontal curve in the track may be substantial and, similarly, the clearance between
the underside of each vehicle body and the track may be substantially reduced when
traversing an upwardly curved or "humped" stretch of track.
[0008] The present invention sets out to provide a novel form of bogie vehicle where some
or all of these disadvantages may be alleviated or overcome.
[0009] According to the invention there is provided a bogie rail vehicle including two elongate
vehicle bodies, adjacent ends of which are each connected to a common bogie by coupling
means allowing a degree of vertical and lateral movement between each vehicle body
and the bogie, at least the majority of the weight of at least one of the vehicle
bodies being transmitted to the bogie by means separate from the coupling means, whereby
the coupling means are not required to transmit significant vertical loads to the
bogie.
[0010] It will be appreciated that a reference to "at least the majority of the weight"
of the vehicle body is referring only to the proportion of the weight of the vehicle
body which the bogie is required to support, and is not referring to the whole weight
of the vehicle. Obviously, the weight of the whole vehicle is divided between the
two bogies at opposite ends thereof.
[0011] Since the weight of the vehicle body is not transmitted to the bogie by the coupling
means, as in the prior art arrangements, the coupling means can be less robust than
has hitherto been the case, since it is only required to transmit longitudinal and
lateral loads from the vehicle body to the bogie. The coupling means may therefore
be less costly and take up less space than has been the case hitherto.
[0012] Although the invention may include arrangements where the weight of only one of the
vehicle bodies is transmitted to the bogie by other means, preferably at least the
majority of the weight of both vehicle bodies is transmitted to the bogie by means
separate from their respective coupling means.
[0013] The coupling means may comprise an elongate coupling arm pivotally connected at opposite
ends thereof to the bogie and vehicle body respectively. Preferably the coupling arm
extends away from the bogie generally longitudinally of the vehicle body. In this
case the pivotal connection between the vehicle body and the coupling arm may be a
significant distance from the bogie itself and, depending on the geometry, this may
have the effect of significantly reducing the overthrow when the vehicle is travelling
on curved track, when compared with the above-described prior art arrangements.
[0014] Preferably one end of the coupling arm, for example the end which is connected to
the vehicle body, is arranged to pivot about both vertical and horizontal axes. For
example, the end of the coupling arm may be connected to the vehicle body by a ball
coupling.
[0015] The other end of the coupling arm, for example the end which is connected to the
bogie, may be arranged to pivot only about a horizontal axis.
[0016] The weight of the, or each, vehicle body may be transmitted to the bogie by a downwardly
facing bearing surface on the vehicle body which slidably engages an upwardly facing
bearing surface on the bogie, or a part in contact therewith.
[0017] For example, the downwardly facing bearing surface on one vehicle body may engage
an upwardly facing bearing surface on the bogie, while the downwardly facing bearing
surface on the other vehicle body engages an upwardly facing bearing surface on said
one vehicle body.
[0018] The following is a more detailed description of an embodiment of the invention, by
way of example, reference being made to the accompanying drawings in which:
Figure 1 is a diagrammatic side elevation of a bogie rail vehicle in accordance with
the invention,
Figure 2 is a diagrammatic side elevation showing the means of connection between
the vehicle bodies and the central bogie,
Figure 3 is a diagrammatic plan view of the components shown in Figure 2, and
Figure 4 is an enlarged view of one of the pivotal couplings.
[0019] Referring to Figure 1: the rail vehicle comprises two vehicle bodies 10 and 11 adjacent
ends of which are connected to a common bogie 12. The ends of the vehicle bodies 10,
11 remote from the common bogie 12 are supported in conventional fashion on further
individual bogies 13, 14 respectively.
[0020] In the example shown in Figure 1, each vehicle body 10, 11 is of the kind used for
transporting an elongate rectangular container-like road vehicle trailer 15. In known
manner the wheels 16 of the trailer are received in a pocket or well in the floor
of the vehicle body, the main body of the trailer resting on the floor of the vehicle
body, above the well. However, the invention is equally applicable to rail vehicles
having a flat bed to receive an ordinary rectangular container, as well as rail vehicles
for any other purpose. In the present instance, the rail vehicles 10 and 11 may be
adapted to transport ordinary rectangular containers by being so designed that the
containers may rest on the flat parts of the floor of the vehicle, bridging the well
or pocket which would otherwise receive the wheels in the case where the load is a
trailer vehicle.
[0021] Figures 2, 3 and 4 show in greater detail the means of connection between the vehicle
bodies 10 and 11 and the common bogie 12.
[0022] Referring to Figures 2, 3 and 4: the bogie comprises two laterally spaced side frames
(not shown) connected by a transverse bolster 17, to provide a generally H-shaped
structure, in conventional manner. Two wheelsets 18, each consisting of an axle and
flanged wheels, extend between the side frames and are connected to the side frames
by primary suspension means (not shown).
[0023] A bogie adaptor frame 20 extends in a fore-and-aft direction across the bolster 18
and wheelsets 19 and is supported on the bolster 18 by secondary suspension means
21. Alternatively, the frame 20 might be connected to the bolster by a vertically
rigid connection.
[0024] The vehicle body 10 is connected to the bogie 12 by coupling means comprising a longitudinally
extending coupling arm 22. One end of the coupling arm 22 is pivotally connected to
the bogie frame 20 by a knuckle pivotal connection 23 which allows the coupling arm
22 to pivot up and down about a horizontal axis. The coupling arm 22 extends into
a channel 24 in the vehicle body and is pivotally connected to a vertical pivot pin
25 within the channel 24 by a ball coupling 26 so that this end of the coupling arm
22 is capable of both vertical and horizontal pivotal movement relative to the vehicle
body 10. The ball coupling 26 is shown in greater detail in Figure 4.
[0025] Similar coupling means connects the other vehicle body 11 to the opposite end of
the bogie frame 20.
[0026] In order to transmit the weight of the vehicle body 10 to the bogie 12, there is
formed on the end of the vehicle body 10 a projecting beam 27 which extends partly
over the bogie frame 20 and is supported by lower brackets 28 and upper brackets 29
on the vehicle body 10.
[0027] The underside of the beam 27 is formed with a downwardly facing bearing pad 30 which
is slidable over an upwardly facing surface on the bogie frame 20.
[0028] Similarly, the vehicle body 11 is also formed with a beam 31 which extends partly
over the bogie frame 20 and is supported on lower brackets 32 and upper brackets 33.
As best seen in Figure 2, a part of the extremity of the beam 31 overlaps a portion
of the beam 27 on the other vehicle body and is formed with a downwardly facing bearing
surface 34 which slidably engages an upwardly facing bearing surface on the beam 27.
[0029] As the rail vehicle traverses the track, vertical undulations in the track are accommodated
by vertical swinging movement of each vehicle body relative to the bogie 12, as permitted
by the horizontal pivotal axes of the pivotal connections 23 and 26 at the ends of
the coupling arms 22. To accommodate horizontal curvature of the track, the vehicle
bodies 10 and 11 may pivot relative to the bogie 12 by pivoting about the vertical
axes of the pivotal connections 26. Since the vertical axes of pivoting provided by
the connections 26 are spaced some distance from the central vertical axis of the
bogie 12 the overthrow which results from a given curvature of track is significantly
less than would be the case if the vehicle bodies were connected to the bogie 12 by
vertical pivot axes located within the bogie 12 itself, and nearer the central vertical
axis thereof.
[0030] It will be seen that the weight of both vehicle bodies 10, 11 is transmitted to the
bogie 12 wholly through the bearing surfaces 30, 34 and that no significant vertical
loads are transmitted to the bogie through the coupling arms 22 and associated pivotal
connections 23, 26. Accordingly, the arms 22 and pivotal connections are only required
to transmit horizontal traction loads between the vehicle bodies and the bogie and
therefore need be much less substantial than is required in prior art arrangements,
thereby reducing the cost and space constraints of the prior art arrangements.
[0031] As a result of the coupling means comprising the coupling arms 22 with pivotal connections
at each end thereof, the relative angular movement between each coupling arm 22 and
the vehicle body is significantly less, for a given curvature of the rail track, than
is the case with prior art arrangements, thus requiring less clearance and hence less
space to accommodate the coupling means.
[0032] Relative sideways pivotal movement between the vehicles bodies 10 and 11, and between
the vehicle bodies and the bogie 12, is accommodated by the relative sliding between
the overlapping portions of the beams 27, 31 and between the beam 27 and the bogie
frame 20.
1. A bogie rail vehicle including two elongate vehicle bodies (10, 11), adjacent ends
of which are each connected to a common bogie (12) by coupling means (22, 23, 26)
allowing a degree of vertical and lateral movement between each vehicle body and the
bogie, characterised in that at least the majority of the weight of at least one of
the vehicle bodies (10, 11) is transmitted to the bogie (12) by means (27, 30, 31,
34) separate from the coupling means, whereby the coupling means (22, 23, 26) are
not required to transmit significant vertical loads to the bogie.
2. A bogie rail vehicle according to Claim 1, wherein at least the majority of the weight
of both vehicle bodies (10, 11) is transmitted to the bogie (12) by means (27, 30,
31) separate from their respective coupling means.
3. A bogie rail vehicle according to Claim 1 or Claim 2, wherein the coupling means comprise
an elongate coupling arm (22) pivotally connected at opposite ends thereof to the
bogie (12) and vehicle body (10, 11) respectively.
4. A bogie rail vehicle according to Claim 3, wherein the coupling arm (22) extends away
from the bogie (12) generally longitudinally of the vehicle body.
5. A bogie rail vehicle according to Claim 4, wherein the pivotal connection (26) between
the vehicle body and the coupling arm (22) is spaced from the bogie (12).
6. A bogie rail vehicle according to any of Claims 3 to 5, wherein one end of the coupling
arm (22) is arranged to pivot about both vertical and horizontal axes.
7. A bogie rail vehicle according to Claim 6, wherein the end of the coupling arm (22)
which is connected to the vehicle body (10, 11) is arranged to pivot about both vertical
and horizontal axes.
8. A bogie rail vehicle according to Claim 7, wherein the end of the coupling arm (22)
is connected to the vehicle body by a ball coupling (25, 26).
9. A bogie rail vehicle according to any of Claims 6 to 8, wherein the other end (23)
of the coupling arm (22) is arranged to pivot only about a horizontal axis.
10. A bogie rail vehicle according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the weight
of the, or each, vehicle body (10, 11) is transmitted to the bogie (12) by a downwardly
facing bearing surface (30) on the vehicle body which slidably engages an upwardly
facing bearing surface on the bogie (12), or a part in contact therewith.
11. A bogie rail vehicle according to Claim 10, wherein the downwardly facing bearing
surface (30) on one vehicle body (10) engages an upwardly facing bearing surface on
the bogie (12), while the downwardly facing bearing surface (34) on the other vehicle
body (11) engages an upwardly facing bearing surface on said one vehicle body (10).