Field of the Invention
[0001] The present invention relates to a method for data signals processing during the
data broadcast in a conventional FM stereo broadcast system, and a solution for its
compatibility. The method can be also used for other data transmission system.
Background of the Invention
[0002] Language (voice) and music are two main compositions of voice broadcasting. For a
stereo broadcast with double channels, the stereo effect of language programs does
not have practical meaning. In practice, there is only one signal source of voice
program in a conventional stereo broadcast. Before the voice signal is transmitted,
it is divided into a left signal and a right signal at a branch point X in Fig. 1,
then transferred by using two channels respectively, until reaching the left and right
ears of a listener. Obviously, if the voice signal is divided into a left signal and
a right signal at a branch point Y in Fig. 2 after it reaches the receiver, and supply
to two ears of a listener; the practical auditory effect is the same as the former.
However, the transmission channel and transmission capacity can be saved up for transmitting
data signals and conducting a data broadcast. This broadcast mode of "monophony +
data" is suitable for using during the broadcast of all monophonic programs of a stereo
broadcast station.
Object of the Invention
[0003] An object of the present invention is to make the conventional FM stereo broadcast
system possesses both a double channels "stereo" broadcast mode and a "monophony +
data" broadcast mode. These two modes are compatible with each other and can be converted
flexibly to realize the data broadcast in a FM stereo broadcast.
[0004] Another object of the present invention is to encode the data with a suitable variable-width
code, so that a conventional FM stereo broadcast system possesses the capability of
the FM "
, thus dynamically using the transmission capacity of a FM broadcast.
Summary of the Invention
[0005] The FM L - R data broadcasting system of the present invention includes a sending
section and a receiving section. Said sending section includes an input terminal with
both left and right audio channels L and R, a stereo encoder, and an output terminal.
Said receiving section includes a receiver, a stereo decoder, and an output terminal.
Said sending section further includes a data transmitting unit for providing the data
signals to be transferred; a first switch KS1 provided among a DSB-SC modulator, a
data transmitting unit and a bandpass filter and used to selectively receive data
signals or audio signals; a second switch KS2 provided between a divider and a narrow-band
filter and used to selectively put through or cut off pilot signals; and a mode controlling
terminal connected to the first and second switches KS1 and KS2 for controlling the
state of switches, and connected to the data transmitting unit for controlling the
data signal transmission of the data transmitting unit. Said receiving section further
includes a data receiving unit for receiving the transmitted data signals DT; a bandpass
filter, the input of which is connected to said receiver, for separating the data
signals DT from the broadcast baseband signals; a pilot identifier, the input of which
is also connected to said receiver, for identifying pilot signals and outputting the
mode controlling signal at its output; and a third switch KR provided between said
bandpass filter and said data receiving unit and connected to the output of the pilot
identifier; wherein through using the third switch, the data signals DT is selectively
supplied into the data decoder by the mode controlling signal outputted by said pilot
identifier, and is recovered into the transmitted data stream.
[0006] A method for FM L-R data broadcasting, said method comprises the steps of: a) setting
mode controlling signal mode at the mode controlling terminal in the sending section;
b) when conducting a stereo broadcast, the mode controlling signal mode of said sending
section instructing the data transmitting unit to stop operation, and instructing
the stereo encoder to operate normally to receive FM broadcast baseband signals; c)
when a FM L-R data broadcast is in progress, the mode controlling signal mode of said
sending section initiating said data transmitting unit, disconnecting said first switch
KS1 from the output of DSB-SC modulator DSB-SC and connecting the data transmitting
unit for data transmission, disconnecting said second switch KS2 from the output of
the divider to cut off the pilot signals; d) placing a second bandpass filter at the
receiving section to receive the transmitted broadcast baseband signals comprising
data signal ; e) placing a pilot identifier at the receiving section for identifying
pilot signals from the baseband signals; f) placing a third switch KR between the
bandpass filter and the data receiving unit, said third switch KR is connected to
the output of said pilot identifier; g) when said pilot identifier identifies pilot
signals from the broadcast baseband signals, the mode controlling signal mode of said
output terminal disconnecting said third switch KR from the bandpass filter, stopping
receiving the data signals, and instructing the stereo decoder to operate normally
to receive stereo broadcast signals; h) when no pilot signal is identified from said
input signals by said pilot identifier, the mode controlling signal mode of the output
terminal connecting said third switch KR to said bandpass filter to receive the data
signals.
[0007] a FM L-R data broadcasting system, said broadcasting system comprises a sending section
and a receiving section, said sending section comprising: an input terminal with a
left and a right channel L, R , a stereo encoder and an output terminal; said receiving
section comprising a receiver, a stereo decoder and an output terminal, said system
characterized in that: the sending section further comprises: a data transmitting
unit, the output of which is connected to the adder of said stereo encoder, for providing
the data signals to be transmitted; a first switch KS1 , provided among said DSB-SC
modulator, said data transmitting unit and said first bandpass filter, for selectively
receiving data signals or audio signals; a second switch KS2 , provided between said
divider and said narrow-band filter, for selectively putting through or cutting off
pilot signals; a mode controlling terminal, connected to the first and second switches
KS1, KS2 , for controlling the state of said switches KS1, KS2 , said mode controlling
terminal also connected to said data transmitting unit for controlling data transmission
of the data transmitting unit; the receiving section further comprises: a data receiving
unit for receiving the transmitted data signals DT ; a second bandpass filter, the
input of which is connected to the said input terminal, for separating the data signals
DT from the broadcast baseband signals; a pilot identifier, the input of which is
also connected to said receiver, for identifying pilot signals and outputting the
mode controlling signal mode at the output terminal; a third switch KR provided between
said second bandpass filter and said data receiving unit, and also connected to the
output of the pilot identifier; wherein said mode controlling signal outputted by
the pilot identifier selectively supplies the data signal DT to said data decoder
through said third switch KR, so as to recover the transmitted data stream.
[0008] A method for data signal transmission using FM broadcasting, said method comprises
the steps of: a) setting the mode controlling signal mode at the mode controlling
terminal in the sending section; b) when conducting a stereo broadcast, the mode controlling
signal mode of said sending section instructing the first switch KS1 to close, transferring
DSB-SC signals into the adder so that the data transmitting unit is in the low speed
transmitting state (e.g. pattern 4); c) when broadcasting monophonic program, the
mode controlling signal mode of said sending section cutting off DSB-SC signals through
the first switch KS1 , cutting off pilot signals through the second switch KS2 so
that the data transmitting unit is in the high speed data transmitting state (e.g.
pattern 6); d) placing a high speed bandpass filter at the receiving section to receive
the transmitted low speed data signals when conducting a stereo broadcast; e) placing
a low speed bandpass filter at the receiving section to receive the transmitted high
speed data signals when conducting a monophonic program broadcast; f) placing a pilot
identifier at the receiving section for identifying pilot signals from the baseband
signals; g) placing a third switch KR among the high and low speed bandpass filter
and the data receiving unit, said third switch KR is connected to said pilot identifier;
h) when said pilot identifier identifies pilot signals from the broadcast baseband
signals, the mode controlling signal mode of said output terminal connecting the low
speed filter to the data receiving unit through said third switch KR), and making
the data receiving unit to be in the low speed data receiving state; i ) when no pilot
signal is identified from the broadcast baseband signals by said pilot identifier,
the mode controlling signal mode of the output terminal connecting the high speed
filter to the data receiving unit through said third switch KR , and making the data
receiving unit to be in the high speed data receiving state.
Brief Description of the Drawings
[0009] The present invention will be described in detail in conjunction with the following
accompanying drawings, in which
Figure 1 illustrates a transmission mode of voice signals in a conventional stereo
broadcast;
Figure 2 illustrates a FM "monophony + data" broadcast mode;
Figure 3 illustrates the principle of a
broadcast;
Figure 4 illustrates the principle of the stereo decoding;
Figure 5 illustrates the decoding principle of a binary variable-width code when Lmax
= 1;
Figure 6 illustrates the operational principle of a waveform synthesizer;
Figure 7 illustrates the principle of a FM "
broadcast; and
Figure 8 illustrates the signal waveform and frequency spectrum of a variable-width
code.
Preferred Embodiments of the Invention
[0010] There are two kinds of possible ways for the "monophony + data" broadcast in a FM
stereo broadcast:
1) Data signals are transferred directly on one channel of a stereo system, and voice
signals are transferred on another audio channel. This kind of way has the following
advantages: 1) the conventional stereo broadcast and recording devices can be used
to synchronously transmit and record the voice and data signals; and 2) the data signals
can be switched between different stereo broadcast systems (such as FM, amplitude
modulation or wire broadcasting) and record - playback devices without need of modification.
However, it has the following disadvantages: 1) a compatible circuit must be added
into the conventional FM radios and stereo record - playback devices to automatically
erase cross-interference caused by the data signals on voice; and 2) the utility rate
of the transmission channel is low.
2) The voice signals are transferred by a "left + right" channel (i.e. L + R channel)
with 0 ∼ 15 KHz, the data signals are transferred by a "left - right" channel (i.e.
L - R channel) with the frequency above 19 KHz, such as 23 ∼ 53 KHz, and the stereo
pilot signals of 19 KHz are cut off and used as marks for data broadcast. This kind
of broadcast way is compatible completely with the conventional FM radios, and has
the following features: the data transmission rate is high, and the interference-free
performance of the data signals is quite good. This kind of broadcast node is called
"FM L - R data broadcast".
[0011] Figure 3 illustrates the operational principle of the compatible "L - R data broadcast"
in a FM stereo broadcast system according to the present invention. It is necessary
to add a data processor 1, a control signal (mode) for broadcast mode selection of
the
broadcast in the sending section, and a pair of mode switches (KS1, KS2) are added
in the conventional stereo coding circuit. In the receiving section, data receiving
unit consists of a bandpass filter with 23 ∼ 53 KHz, a pilot identifier, a mode switch
(KR) and a data processor 2.
[0012] When conducting a stereo broadcast, the mode signal of the sending section stops
the operation of data processor 1 and instructs the stereo encoder to operate normally:
the sum signal (L + R signal) obtained by adding the input signals (L, R) of both
left and right channel voice is transferred by the L + R channel; their difference
signal (L - R signal) is transferred by the L - R channel after the suppressed carrier
double side band (DSB-SC) amplitude modulation of the subcarrier signal of 38 KHz;
stereo pilot signals are obtained from the subcarrier signal after its frequency is
dichotomized; and normal FM broadcast baseband signals are obtained by superimposing
these three signals in the adder ( Σ ), if necessary, further superimposing the RDS
and SCA signals. The broadcast baseband signals are transmitted by a transmitter,
and recovered by the discriminator of a receiver. In the receiving section, the pilot
identifier is set by the pilot signals in the broadcast baseband signals. The output
(mode) of the pilot identifier cuts off the input of the data processor 2 through
the switch KR, and stops the operation of the data processor 2. The pilot signals
in the broadcast baseband signals makes the stereo decoder operate normally. Figure
4 shows the operational principle of the stereo decoder: the narrow-band filter with
19 KHz separates pilot signals from the baseband signal; subcarrier signals with 38
KHz are recovered by duplicating the frequency of pilot signals; through multiplying
(demodulating)the subcarrier to the DSB-SC signals in 23 ∼ 53 KHz, and passing the
multiplied signals through the lowpass filter with 0 ∼ 15 KHz, the L - R signal is
recovered; and finally, the output signals (L, R) are obtained by adding and subtracting
the L - R signal and the L + R signal in the L + R channel.
[0013] When conducting a FM L - R data broadcast, the voice signals (L + R signal) are still
transferred by the L + R channel. Under the control of the mode signal at the sending
section, the data processor 1 converts the data stream (data) into the data signals
(DT); the KS1 switch cuts off the DSB-SC signal in the stereo decoder, so that the
DT signals are supplied into the adder ( Σ ) through the bandpass filter with 23 ∼
53 KHz; and the KS2 switch cuts off the 19 KHz pilot signals. At the same time, the
broadcast baseband signals contain the audio signals of 0 ∼ 15 KHz and the data signals
of 23 ∼ 53 KHz without any stereo pilot signals. At the receiving section, the bandpass
filter of 23 ∼ 53 KHz separates the data signals DT from the broadcast baseband signals.
Because no pilot signal occurs in the broadcast baseband signals, the pilot identifier
is set to zero. The output (mode) of the pilot identifier supplies the data signals
DT into tile data processor 2 through the KR switch, the supplied data stream (data)
is obtained by recovering it. At this time, in the stereo decoder, because no pilot
signal of 19 KHz occurs in the broadcast baseband signals, the subcarrier signal of
38 KHz can not be obtained by duplicating frequency method. Then, after passing through
the multiplier (X), the data signal still keeps its original signal form of 23 ∼ 53
KHz, this signal will be filtered out by the next audio filter circuit. At this time,
the L - R signal becomes zero; through adding and subtracting it with the L + R signal,
the outputs of two channels of the stereo decoder become the voice signals in the
L + R channel. That is to say, at this time the L + R signal is divided into a left
signal and a right signal in the stereo decoder.
[0014] Therefore, when conducting a FM L - R data broadcast, using an ordinary radio, whether
stereo or monophony, two ears of listener can only hear the voice signal in the L
+ R channel, and can not hear the data signals in the L - R channel. Once the pilot
signals appear in the FM broadcasting, the stereo decoder returns back to the ordinary
stereo decoding, and the data processor 2 stops the data demodulation. This is the
principle that the "FM L - R data broadcasting" is mutually compatible with the conventional
"FM stereo broadcast". The "pilot indication" signal outputted from the stereo decoder
can be also used as the mode controlling signal (mode) at the receiving section.
[0015] The broadcasting mode can be set by the mode input apparatus at the sending section,
and can be also controlled automatically by a signal comparator. The principle is
based on the comparison of the voice input signals of both L and R channels. When
the input of both L and R channels are the same (
), a necessary decision procedure is started to determine the selection of broadcast
mode.
[0016] When conducting a broadcast retransmitting, the audio output (L, R) of the receiver
of the retransmitting station is connected directly to the audio input (L, R) of the
transmitter, and the mode output of the receiver is connected directly to mode input
of the transmitter. When conducting a data broadcast retransmitting, the retransmitting
station connects directly the DT output of receiver to the DT input of the transmitter,
without need of the data processor 1 and data processor 2. The retransmitting station
can also modify the contents of the data broadcast, at this time, a data processor
is needed between the data output of the receiver and the data input of the transmitter
in order to modify the contents of data stream.
[0017] When conducting a stereo broadcast, a "lost" phenomenon of the pilot signals may
occur due to an interference; at this time, the DSB-SC signal in the L - R channel
may be misunderstood as a data signal. Therefore, the transferred data should have
a certain error-detecting capability. Once the data processor 2 detects the error
data, the data will be abandoned.
[0018] The key to realizing the FM L - R data broadcast is: 1) the effective frequency spectrum
of the data signals should be all concentrated on a frequency range of 23 ∼ 53 KHz;
2) the cross-interference of the data signals to the adjacent channel must meet the
requirements of the broadcast standard, particularly, the cross-interference to the
voice signal must be less than -60 dB, and should not excite the frequency-duplicated
circuit in the stereo decoder. The effective frequency spectrum means a necessary
frequency component to recover a data signal with a certain interference-free performance,
and the frequency band of the effective frequency spectrum is called an effective
frequency band.
[0019] The present invention uses a code, which transfers data information by discrete values
of symbol width, this code is called a variable-width code. The waveform of the variable-width
code is bipolar non-return to zero pulse signal, each pulse of which is a symbol,
different pulse width represents different information, the other geometric parameters
of pulses such as polarity, amplitude, pulse edge, etc. do not carry any information.
The symbol width of the variable-width code may have two or more kinds of discrete
values to form two or multiple element variable-width codes. The present invention
classifies the symbol of a variable-width code into two classes, wherein a symbol
with the shortest code width is called S symbol, a symbol string with consecutive
S symbols is called a consecutive S symbol string, the TS value represents a symbol
period of S symbol; the other variable-width symbols are all called L symbol, a code
string with consecutive L symbols is called a consecutive L symbol string, TL value
represents a symbol period of L symbol with the longest pulse width. The L symbol
in the multiple element variable-width code has more than one symbol periods. Because
the variable-width code has different symbol periods, the reciprocal of the symbol
period of S symbol is called a symbol rate of a variable-width code, its value
; the symbol period ratio of the broadest L symbol to the S symbol is called a variable-width
code pulse width ratio K (
). The symbol rate (B) and pulse width ratio (K) are hard parameters effecting the
effective frequency band of a variable-width code.
[0020] The variable-width code frequency spectrum is characterized in that when the variable-width
code pulse width ratio K ≤ 3, its effective frequency band is distributed at two sides
of 0.5 B point; when the consecutive S symbol string in data stream becomes long,
its effective frequency spectrum is closed to 0.5 B point; and when the consecutive
L symbol string in data stream becomes long, its effective frequency spectrum is diverged
from the 0.5 B point to its two sides. Changing the pulse width ratio K value of the
variable-width code can also change its effective frequency band.
[0021] It can be seen from the above that: 1) if the length of consecutive L symbols of
a variable-width code is controlled in a certain range to make it not greater than
Lmax (Lmax is called the maximum consecutive code number of L symbol), then its effective
frequency spectrum can be controlled in a certain range of frequency band, and reducing
the Lmax value can narrow down the effective frequency band; 2) if the length of consecutive
S symbol string of a variable-width code is controlled in a certain range to make
it not less than Smin ( Smin is called the minimum consecutive code number of S symbol
), then increasing the Smin value can also narrow down the effective frequency band
of variable-width code. Therefore, Lmax and Lmin are the soft parameters effecting
the effective frequency band of a variable-width code.
[0022] The lower limit (Fdn) and upper limit (Fup) of effective frequency band of two-element
variable-width code can be expressed respectively as:
When the channel band width is in or above the range between Fdn and Fup, the pulse
width between the transferred S symbol and L symbol and the geometric shape have adequate
difference in features to identify and distinguish the waveform. When the channel
frequency band is below the range between Fdn and Fup, this difference is reduced
rapidly, and the interference-free performance of a variable-width code signal is
also reduced rapidly. The following formulae can be obtained from formulae (1.1) and
(1.2):
[0023] It can be seen from these formulae that parameters Lmax, Smin and K are main factors
to decide the variable-width code frequency spectrum, interference-free performance
and data transfer rate. The code type of a variable-width code consists of the following
three part: 1) beginning with an alphabet L, the next number indicates the Lmax value,
if
, then it is indicated as LX; 2) beginning with a alphabet K, the next number (including
a decimal part) indicates the K value. For example, "LXS1K2.5" code indicates a variable-width
code with
, Smin = 1, and K = 2.5; "L1S2" code indicates a variable-width code with Lmax = 1,
Smin = 2, and K value is not defined.
[0024] It can be seen from formula (3.0) that for "LXS1" (i.e.
, Smin = 1), the Fup : Fdn = 3, and the signal effective frequency band width
. Therefore, when the channel band width is greater than or equal to 2 x Fdn, and
the binary coded information is transferred, each "1" character in the binary coded
information can be converted directly into a L symbol, and each "0" character can
be converted into a S symbol; or each "0" character converted into a L symbol, and
each "1" character converted into a S symbol. This converting is called the "direct
coding".
[0025] When the channel band width is less than 2 x Fdn, the effective frequency band of
a variable-width code is compressed by a method limiting the Lmax and making Smin
= 1. For example, when using a "L1S1" variable-width code, Fdn : Fup = 3/7, and the
required channel band width is 4/3 x Fdn. When the channel band width is less than
4/3 x Fdn, Smin value can be increased, thus further compressing the effective frequency
band of a variable-width code signal.
[0026] When Lmax ≠ ∞, the coding principle to transfer data information with the variable-width
code is that: grouping each section by string consisting of the same type of symbols,
a symbol type identifier is transmitted before each information "group" to identify
the symbol type of the information "group", then the information to indicate the length
of this group is transferred. The symbol type identifier is a specific code string
which begins with a L symbol and consists of several L symbols, and if necessary,
some appropriate S symbols. After the type identifier, each S symbol represents a
symbol defined by this type identifier, until the next identifier appears.
[0027] When Lmax ≠ ∞, the decoding principle of the variable-width code is that: the type
of the symbol to be arrived is determined by identifying the symbol type identifier
in the data stream, then the each successive S symbol is converted into a determined
symbol, until the next type identifier appears.
[0028] When an information stream consisting of N kinds of symbols is transferred by the
two-element variable-width code, if the symbol type is indicated simply by the length
of consecutive L symbol string, then the Lmax of the two-element variable-width code
= N; if the symbol type is indicated by the different arrangement forms of L symbol
and S symbol, or in conjunction with the appropriate transmission protocol, Lmax <
N is possible. Therefore, after N element data information is converted into the two-element
variable-width code, Lmax ≤ N thus reaching the object to control the effective frequency
band of data signals.
[0029] Different expression forms of the type identifier constitute the different code format
of a variable-width code. The object to select the different code format is to change
the code type soft parameters Lmax and Smin, thus changing the effective frequency
band of a variable-width code.
[0030] When the two-element data information consisting of character "0" and "1" is transferred
by the two-element variable-width code, there are both A and B basic coding formats
(i.e. Smin = 1):
[0031] The A basic coding format : let Lmax = 2, then the variable-width code has two kinds
of consecutive L symbol strings with different length, they can be used as the type
identifiers for characters "0" and "1" respectively.
[0032] For example, the character type "0" is indicated by the single L symbol, and the
character type "1" is indicated by the consecutive two L symbols. At this time, the
coding procedure of the A format is that: When a consecutive "0" character string
(including the single character "0") appears in the data stream, the encoder outputs
firstly a L symbol, then converts every character "0" in this consecutive "0" character
string into a S symbol; when a consecutive "1" character string (including the single
character "1") appears in the data stream, the encoder outputs firstly two L symbols,
then converts every character "1" in this consecutive "1" character string into a
S symbol. The decoding procedure of the A format is that: when the single L symbol
appears in the variable-width code stream, every S symbol following this L symbol
is converted into a character "0", until the next L symbol appears; when the consecutive
two L symbols appear in the variable-width code stream, every S symbol following the
two L symbols is converted into a character "1", until the next L symbol appears;
[0033] Of course, the character type "1" can be indicated also by the single L symbol, and
the character type "0" can be indicated by the consecutive two L symbols.
[0034] The B basic coding format: in order to compress the effective frequency band, let
Lmax = 1. At this time, the variable-width code has only one form of consecutive L
symbol string (i.e. a single L symbol). Using this consecutive L symbol string can
not indicate the concrete type of symbol, but can indicate the phenomenon of "the
symbol type has been changed". For example, when a L symbol appears, if a character
"0" is transferred before this, then a character "1" must be transferred after this;
and if a character "1" is transferred before this, then a character "0" must be transferred
after this. Thus, if only the initial state of the decoder in the receiving section
can be defined correctly or the operating state of the decoder can be adjusted (set)
timely to make it consist with the state of the decoder in the sending section, then
the two-element data information can be recovered correctly by the decoder, otherwise
the phenomenon of the reversal of "0" and "1" will appear in the decoded two-element
data information. This reversal phenomenon of "0" and "1" is called the polarity reversal
of two-element data information. Setting the state of decoder is called the polarity
synchronization of two-element data information.
[0035] The two-element variable-width code with Lmax = 1 can not define the state of decoder.
Therefore, the present invention will further make the two-element data information
carry the polarity information of itself, so that the polarity reversal phenomenon
can be detected and corrected in the decoding process of the receiving section.
[0036] The principle on the polarity synchronization of the two-element data information
is to set a polarity synchronization symbol. If the consecutive "1" character string
with a length K is used as a polarity synchronization symbol, i.e. character string
"011.......110" (wherein the number of "1" is equal to K), then the character string
format to reverse the polarity synchronization symbol, i.e. character string "100......001"
(wherein the number of "0" is equal to K) is called the "synchronous inverted character"
of the polarity. The following steps are conducted for the two-element data information:
1) "add 1" processing: when the consecutive "1" character string with the length greater
than or equal to K appears in the data stream, a character "1" is added in this consecutive
"1" character string. The polarity synchronization symbol does not exist in the so
processed data stream.
2) "add 0" processing: when the consecutive "0" character string with the length greater
than or equal to K appears in the data stream, a character "0" is added in this consecutive
"0" character string. The synchronous inverted character does not exist in the so
processed data stream.
3) "add synchronization" processing: in the data stream after conducting the "add
1" and "add 0" processing, a suitable number of polarity synchronization symbols are
interposed every suitable distance or between the separating data blocks respectively.
[0037] In the two-element data information stream after conducting these three processing
steps, once the synchronous inverted character appears, it means that the polarity
is reverse. In this case, the correct two-element data information can be obtained
by reversing the "0" and "1" in the data.
[0038] It is preferred that the data broadcasting uses the transmission mode of "data packet".
At this time, the character of data packet can be used as the polarity synchronization
symbol, the character format of reversed character is the synchronous inverted character.
Therefore, if the "add 0" processing step is added in the original data packing process,
and the character polarity synchronization and "delete 0" processing steps are added
in the original data depacketing process, the two-element data information can be
transferred by using the two-element variable-width code with Lmax = 1.
[0039] A "packet head symbol" and a "packet tail symbol" should be added respectively in
the head part and tail part of data block, in order to avoid that the pseudo character
string similar to the character and synchronous inverted character is generated by
combining the character with the transferred data. The packet head symbol and packet
tail symbol can have a plurality of constitution forms; for example, the first character
of packet head symbol and the last character of packet tail symbol can be 1, and the
other characters can be used to transfer the additional information such as the data
packet length, property, error-detecting and error-correcting, thus providing the
user level with multiplex "parallel virtual channels". The packet tail symbol also
functions as clearing the register in encoder and decoder. The "add 1" and "add 0"
processing should be conducted for the data block together with its packet head symbol
and packet tail symbol, then it is connected to the polarity synchronization symbol.
[0040] The encoding process of B format is that the data to be transferred are separated
into the data blocks. A packet head symbol and a packet tail symbol are added respectively
at the head and tail ends of every data block, then "add 1" and "add 0" processing
are conducted to form the data packets. A suitable amount of separator is interposed
between the data packet and data packet, and connecting them again. Then, every character
(whether it is "0" or "1") in this data stream is converted into a S symbol, and a
L symbol is interposed at a place where the character is changed front "0" to "1",
or changed from "1" to "0".
[0041] Figure 5 illustrates the principle and process of decoding, polarity synchronizing,
and depacketing of B format. The initial state ("0" or "1") of character register
in decoder can be set arbitrarily. When a variable-width code stream is supplied to
the decoder, if a S symbol is an input, then a character in the character register
is outputted from the decoder; if a L symbol is an input, then the character polarity
in the character register is reversed for one time, at this time, the decoder does
not output any character. The data stream outputted from the decoder passes through
a polarity adjuster. This polarity adjuster further has a state control input terminal,
its state control signal comes from the output of the state register. The initial
state of the state register output can be set arbitrarily. When the state control
signal is "0", the data stream still keep its original polarity after passing through
the polarity adjuster; when the state control signal is "1", the character polarity
of the data stream is reversed after passing through the polarity adjuster. The data
outputted from the polarity adjuster are temporarily stored in a data temporary storage
device, and a synchronous discriminator consisting of "K + 2" bit shift register.
When a synchronous inverted character appears in the synchronous discriminator, its
output makes the state in the state register reverse for one time and gives up the
data temporarily stored in the data temporary storage device, thus the stack pointer
of the data temporary storage device is moved back to the originating point. When
a character (i.e. polarity synchronization symbol) appears in the synchronous discriminator,
the data in the data temporary storage device must be processed for one time. At this
time, if the data in the data temporary storage device is greater than a certain value,
then the data in the data temporary storage device is a effective data packet, and
it can be supplied to a depacketing device for depacketing processing; otherwise,
the data in the data temporary storage device is not effective, thus giving it up.
No matter whether the data of the temporary storage device is effective, the stack
pointer of the data temporary storage device should be moved back to its originating
point after each processing. The "delete 1" and "delete 0" processing are conducted
for the data in the depacketing device. The "delete 1" processing is that: when the
consecutive "1" character string in which the number is greater than K appears in
the data stream, a character "1" is deleted from this character string. The "subtract
0" processing is that: when the consecutive "0" character string in which the number
is greater than K appears in the data stream, a character "0" is deleted from this
character string. Then, the transferred data block is obtained by cutting off the
packet head symbol and packet tail symbol of the data packet. The transferred two-element
data information is obtained by connecting the recovered data blocks. In order to
complete the character polarity error-correcting synchronization process discussed
above, a suitable amount of characters should be interposed between the data packets.
[0042] A Miller code consists of three symbol with different width, the ratio of the code
width between them is 2 : 3 : 4, they are called respectively M2 code, M3 code and
M4 code. When the Miller code information is transferred by the two-element variable-width
code, there are two kinds of basic coding format (i.e. Smin = 1) : C and D.
[0043] The C basic coding format: let Lmax = 3, then the variable-width code has three kinds
of consecutive L symbol sirings with different length, they can be used respectively
as three type identifiers of symbols of Miller code.
[0044] For example, because the utility factor of M2 symbols is the highest, a single L
symbol is used as the type identifier of M2 code; a consecutive L symbol string in
which the length is equal to 2 is used as the type identifier of M3 code; and a consecutive
L symbol string in which the length is equal to 3 is used as the type identifier of
M4 code. In this case, the coding procedure of C format is that: when the consecutive
"M2" code string (including a single M2 code) appears in the Miller code stream, the
encoder firstly outputs a L symbol, then converts every M2 symbol in this consecutive
"M2" code string into a S symbol; when the consecutive "M3" code string (including
a single M3 code) appears in the Miller code stream, the encoder first consecutively
outputs two L symbols, then converts every M3 symbol in this "M3" code string into
a S symbol; and when the consecutive "M4" code string (including a single M4 code)
appears in the Miller code stream, the encoder first consecutively outputs three L
symbols, then converts every M4 symbol in this consecutive "M4" code string into a
S symbol. In this case, the decoding procedure of C format is that: when a single
L symbol appear in the variable-width code stream, every S symbol following the L
symbol is converted into a M2 code, until the next L symbol appears; when two consecutive
L symbols appear in the variable-width code stream, every S symbol following them
is converted into a M3 code, until the next L symbol appears; and when three consecutive
L symbol appears; and when three consecutive L symbols appear in the variable-width
code stream, every S symbol following them is converted into a M4 code, until the
next L symbol appears.
[0045] The D basic coding format: let Lmax = 2, so as to compress the effective frequency
band of the variable-width code. In this case, three kinds of code strings with different
forms can be constituted by two or less L symbols in conjunction with suitable S symbols,
these strings can be used respectively as three type identifiers of symbols of Miller
code.
[0046] For example, a L symbol added by a S symbol (indicated as "L + S" code string) can
be used as the type identifier of M2 code; two consecutive L symbols (indicated as
"L + L" code string) can be used as the type identifier of M3 code; and a L symbol
added by a S symbol and added by a L symbol (indicated as "
" code string) can be used as the type identifier of M4 code. In this case, the coding
procedure of D format is that: when the consecutive "M2" code string (including a
single M2 code) appears in the Miller code stream, the encoder firstly outputs a "L
+ S" code string, then converts every M2 symbol in this consecutive "M2" code string
into a S symbol; when the consecutive "M3" code string (including a single M3 code)
appears in the Miller code stream, the encoder firstly outputs a "L + L" code string,
then converts every M3 symbol in this consecutive "M3" code string into a S symbol;
and when the consecutive "M4" code string (including a single M4 code) appears in
the Miller code stream, the encoder firstly outputs a "
" code string, then converts every M4 symbol in this consecutive "M4" code string
into a S symbol. In this case, the decoding procedure of D format is that : when the
"L + S" code string appears in the variable-width code stream, the decoder firstly
outputs a M2 symbol, then converts every S symbol following it into a M2 code, until
the next L symbol appears; when the "L + L" code string appears in the variable-width
code stream, the decoder converts every S symbol following it into a M3 code, until
the next L symbol appears; and when the "
" code string appears in the variable-width code stream, the decoder converts every
S symbol following it into a M4 code, until the next L symbol appears.
[0047] Because the type identifier is added in the coding procedure, the transferred data
volume in enlarged. On the other hand, in the process of transmission of Miller code
information, when the symbol period of M2 code is equal to TS and
, only the 2Δ is spent on the specific transmission time for the M3 code with the
3Δ period and the M4 code with the 4Δ period. That is to say, after encoding by the
variable-width code, the data volume of Miller code is compressed, the instant maximum
value of this compressibility factor can reach 2 : 1. After combining the enlargement
effect with, the compression effect, the code efficiency η of the variable-width code
(η is equal to the ratio between the data volumes before and after coding) is a dynamic
value, depending on the variable-width code parameters, code format, and data stream
structure. If the encoding/decoding procedure of the variable-width code is used as
one of the composition of "transmission", then the transmission rate of "user" data
is also a dynamic value, and equal to B x η. When the variable-width code pulse width
ratio K is equal to 2, the code efficiency of B basic coding format is 0.333 < η <
1, and the statistical average value is about 0.711; and the code efficiency of D
basic coding format is 0.283 < η < 2, and the statistical average value is about 0.730.
[0048] Based on the basic coding format of variable-width code, let Smin > 1, the effective
frequency band of variable-width code can be further compressed, or the interference-free
performance can be improved. In this case, the code efficiency will be reduced when
Smin value is increased. The coding principle of the variable-width code when Smin
> 1 is that: the S symbols with the number = (Smin - 1) are firstly added next to
every type identifier, then the symbol is transferred. In this case, the decoding
principle of variable-width code is that : the S symbols following every type identifier
with the number = (Smin - 1) are jumped, then the successive S symbols are converted
into the symbols defined by this type identifier, until the next L symbol appears.
[0049] The very rich low and high frequency harmonic wave components are still contained
in the encoded variable-width code signals, they can not be supplied directly to the
transmission channel, must be very strictly filtered to meet the requirements of the
technical standard for broadcast. For example, the cross-interference to the audio
channel must be less than -60 dB, and can not excite the subcarrier reset circuit
in the stereo decoder. It is difficult to obtain such a filter effect using a hardware
circuit or a data filter.
[0050] The waveform synthesizer used in the present invention is a "code/pulse" converter,
it determines the shape of the output pulse on the basis of the code form of the input
variable-width code stream. These pulse shapes are a group of previously optimized
modular waveforms. The object of the optimized processing is that the frequency spectrum
distribution of the signal made up by these modular waveform can meet the special
requirements.
[0051] Figure 6 is a block diagram illustrating the principle of waveform synthesis. The
symbol window is a shift register of the symbol of the variable-width code with a
suitable length. All the code string formats of the variable-width codes which may
appear in the symbol window, so-called "code string", are found out previously, and
these code strings are stored in the "code" area of the "module library". Then these
code strings are previously replaced one by one by some original waveform such as
an amplitude-modulated rectangular wave in which each pulse has the same area; or
the rising edge of the pulse is further changed from -90° to +90°, and the back edge
of the pulse is further changed from +90° to -90° to be a variable-amplitude plane-top
sine curve, then an ideal waveform after the ideal filtering is found out. Thus, each
code string corresponds to an ideal waveform, the pulse provided at the center of
an ideal waveform is a waveform module, it is an identification number of the symbol
provided at the center of the code string. The quantized value of each waveform module
can be used as a data group and stored in the "module" area of "module library". The
"code" is associated one to one with its correspondent "module" through this "module
library". This is the previous optimized processing. When supplying the data, the
data stream of variable-width code is shifted to this symbol window. Once every shifting,
the code string which appears in the symbol window is used as a retrieval base, the
correspondent code string is found out in the code area of module library, a correspondent
waveform module is found out through this code sting, then this waveform module (a
group of data value) is supplied to a D/A converter. Under the driving of a sample
clock, and based on a principle on which the positive and negative polarities appear
alternatively, this group of data value is converted into a pulse waveform through
the D/A converter. After an identification number waveform is generated, one bit of
the data stream is shifted in the symbol window, then synthesis of next identification
number waveform is started. This waveform synthesis procedure is completed by a computer
in conjunction with the D/A converter.
[0052] After the data signal is amplitude-limited amplified, its pulse width is identified
and the variable-width code can be recovered. When a passing-zero-point identification
method is used directly, the interference-free performance of the system is not high,
because after the harmonic component of the variable-width code signal is filtered
off, the waveform produces a distortion. The symbol identification equipment used
in the present invention integrates the variable-width code signal after conducting
an amplitude-limit amplification, then the time period tx of passing-zero-point of
this integration value is found out. When tx is greater than the period threshold
tm, it is identified as a L symbol; otherwise, it is identified as a S symbol. The
symbol identification equipment can be kept at the optimized operational state through
adjusting the period threshold tm and the integral time constant tr, it can identify
a seriously distorted variable-width code, thus greatly improving the interference-free
performance of data receiver.
[0053] A plurality of data broadcast modes can be flexibly constituted by using the variable-width
code in the FM broadcasting, for example:
Mode 1: if a "L1S1" code type is used in conjunction with the B coding format, then
the variable-width code signal with an effective frequency band of 22.714 ∼ 53 KHz
is basically consistent with the conventional L - R channel. In this case, if let
K = 2 or 2.5, then the data rate is 53.8 Kbps or 64.6 Kbps respectively.
Mode 2: if a "L1S25" code type is used in conjunction with the B coding format, then
the variable-width code signal with a effective frequency band of 53.069 ∼ 60.931
KHz is consistent with the conventional RDS channel (57 ± 4 KHz). In this case, if
let K = 2 or 2.5, then the data rate is about 18.2 Kbps or 18.5 Kbps respectively.
When suitably increasing the Smin value and decreasing the data rate, the interference-free
performance of data signals can be improved and the isolated degree of the RDS channel
from its adjacent channels can be increased. Compared with using the ASK or PSK manner,
the data broadcast conducted by using tile variable-width code technology in the RDS
channel has the following advantages: high data rate, simple receiving circuit, and
reliable system.
Mode 3: at present, there is not any standard for the frequency band upper-limit of
61 KHz or above frequency band (called SCA auxiliary communication channel) in the
FM broadcast baseband signals and for the SCA channel usage. If a "L1S16" code type
is used in conjunction with the B coding format, then the data broadcast can be conducted
by using the variable-width code signal with a effective frequency band of 61.2 ∼
74.8 KHz in the SCA channel of 61 ∼ 75 KHz. In this case, if let K = 2 or 2.5, then
the data rate is 30.5 Kbps or 31.3 Kbps respectively.
Mode 4: The RDS channel and SCA channel are merged as a data channel with a band width
of 53 ∼ 75 KHz. The data broadcast can be conducted by using the "L1S8" code type
and B coding format. In this case, if let K = 2 or 2.5, then the data rate is 42.2
Kbps or 44.0 Kbps respectively.
Although the code efficiency of the B basic coding format is higher than that of the
direct coding format (about 36.3%), it is a related coding. When some symbol is interfered
to produce an error code, this error code may effect the successive symbols. This
error code cross-interference will not be over the data packet to effect the next
data packet. Compared with it, the error code in the direct coding format will not
effect the other symbols.
Mode 5: if the data channel is extended through 20 ∼ 60 KHz (i.e. the L - R channel
plus the RDS channel, the SCA channel is not effected), or is extended through 23
∼ 69 KHz or 23 ∼ 75 KHz, or uses the higher frequency upper limit, then the data broadcast
can be conducted by using the "LXS1" type variable-width code and direct coding format.
In accordance with the probabilities of the "0" and "1" characters in the information
stream being equal and K = 2, the broadcasted data rate and the signal interference-free
performance can be computed: the rate can reach respectively 53.3 Kbps, 61.7 Kbps,
66.7Kbps or more, and the performance can reach 23 to 16 dB.
Mode 6: The four-element variable-width code with the "L1S1" pulse width ratio of
1 : 2.0 : 2.5 : 3.0 is used, for example, the S symbol pulse width
, the three L symbol pulse widths are respectively 4Δ, 5Δ and 6Δ, they are called
respectively T4, T5 and T6 code; the effective frequency band of this variable-width
code is just 22.928 ∼ 75 KHz. After the binary information is converted into the Miller
code, the four-element direct coding format can be used, for example, a single T4
symbol can be used as the symbol type identifier of M2 code, a single T5 symbol used
as the symbol type identifier of M3 code, a single T6 symbol used as the symbol type
identifier of M4 code, and every successive S symbol can indicate a defined Miller
symbol. In this case, the symbol rate B is 107.142 KHz, and the data rate is much
greater than that of the application modes discussed above.
[0054] The data broadcast mode 1, mode 2, mode 3 and mode 4 discussed above all meet the
conventional FM broadcast standard. The data broadcast mode 5 and broadcast mode 6
have the features of high data rate, good interference-free performance and stable
system (small error code cross-interference). The data broadcast of mode 1, mode 5
and mode 6 will be interrupted by broadcasting the stereo program. A plurality of
data broadcast modes can be sampled simultaneous by a FM broadcast station, the correspondent
data receiving unit is provided in the data receiver, the received data stream is
grouped and then supplied to the computer. When the effective frequency band of one
of the data broadcast modes is not compatible with the stereo signal, the data transmitting
and receiving of the mode is controlled by the mode controlling signal (mode).
[0055] As shown in Figure 7, when a FM station broadcasts a stereo program, the mode controlling
signal (mode) at the sending section supplies the DSB-SC signal to the adder through
the KS1 switch, and supplies the pilot signals to the adder through the KS2 switch;
at the same time, it makes the data transmitting unit be at the low speed data transmitting
state, just like the mode 4. In this case, the mode controlling signal (mode) outputted
from the pilot identifier at the receiving section instructs the a low speed bandpass
filter to connect the data receiving unit through the KR switch, and makes the data
receiving unit be at the low speed decoding operational state. When a FM station broadcasts
a program, the mode controlling signal (mode) at the sending section cuts off the
DSB-SC signal through the KS1 switch, and cuts off the pilot signals through the KS2
switch; at the same time, it makes the data transmitting unit be at the high speed
data transmitting state, just like the mode 6. In this case, the mode controlling
signal (mode) at the receiving section instructs the high speed bandpass filter to
connect the data receiving unit, and makes the data receiving unit be at the high
speed decoding operational state.
[0056] Tile variable-width code and waveform synthesis technology can be used also for the
other frequency bands of broadcasting, and other data communication channels.
[0057] The upper figure of Fig 8 illustrates a signal wave of the two-element variable-width
code, with the symbol window width = 15, Lmax = 1, Smin = 1, pulse width ratio = 2;
and the lower figure illustrates the frequency spectrum of the variable-width code.
1. An apparatus for sending data on L-R channels in a FM broadcasting system, said FM
L-R channels comprising a subtracter for receiving input signals, a DSB-SC modulator,
a bandpass filter and a adder, characterized in that said apparatus further comprises:
a data transmitting unit, the input of which is connected to the data interface (data),
for providing data signals to be transmitted;
a first switch (KS1), provided among said DSB-SC modulator, said data transmitting
unit and said bandpass filter, for selectively receiving data signals or voice signals;
a second switch (KS2), provided between said divider and said narrow-band filter,
for selectively putting through or cutting off pilot signals;
a mode controlling terminal, connected to the first and second switches (KS1, KS2),
for controlling the state of the switches, said mode controlling terminal also connected
to the data transmitting unit for controlling data signal transmission of the data
transmitting unit.
2. An apparatus according to claim 1, further comprises a comparator, the input of which
is connected to the left and right channels respectively, for comparing the left and
right channels, the output of which is connected to the mode controlling terminal,
for automatically controlling the operations of the switches (KS1, KS2) and the data
transmitting unit.
3. An apparatus according to claim 1, wherein said mode controlling terminal may also
manually control the operation of said first and second switches (KS1, KS2) and the
data transmitting unit.
4. An apparatus according to claim 1, wherein said data transmitting unit further comprises
a data encoder for encoding the input data, and providing the encoded data to the
data transmitting unit.
5. An apparatus according to claim 1, further comprises a data signal terminal (DT) connected
to said first switch (KS1) for directly retransmitting data signals of the data signal
terminal (DT) of the receiving section when retransmitting.
6. An apparatus according to claim 1, wherein a data processor is provided between the
data interface (data) of the receiving section and the data interface (data) of the
sending section for modifying of the contents of the data stream when retransmitting.
7. An apparatus according to claim 1, wherein said mode controlling terminal (mode) may
be directly connected to the mode controlling terminal (mode) of the receiving section
for retransmitting the mode controlling signal when retransmitting.
8. An apparatus according to claim 4, wherein said data encoder uses a variable-width
code to concentrate all effective spectrum of data signals in the desired frequency
band, said variable-width code characterized in that data information is transmitted
in the form of discrete values of the width of the symbol, and said variable-width
code is a bipolar non-return to zero pulse signal with each pulse of which being a
symbol, different width of pulse representing different information.
9. An apparatus according to claim 4, wherein said data transmitting unit further comprises
a waveform synthesizer for performing wave synthesis on the encoded data outputted
by the data encoder, so that the cross-interference to the adjacent channels caused
by the data signals meets the requirement of broadcast standard.
10. An apparatus according to claim 9, wherein said waveform synthesizer is a "code/pulse"
transformer for determining the shape of output pulses based on the form of code of
the input data stream.
11. An apparatus according to claim 10, wherein the shape of said pulse has been previously
optimized.
12. An apparatus for receiving data broadcasted on the L-R channels in a FM broadcasting
system, said apparatus comprising an input terminal, a stereo decoder and an output
terminal, characterized in that said apparatus further comprising:
a data receiving unit for receiving the transmitted data signal (DT);
a bandpass filter, the input of which is connected to the said receiving section,
for separating data signals (DT) from the broadcast baseband signals;
a pilot identifier, the input of which is also connected to said receiving section,
for identifying pilot signals and outputting mode controlling signal (mode) at the
output terminal;
a third switch (KR), provided between said bandpass filter and said data receiving
unit, and also connected to the output of said pilot identifier;
wherein said mode controlling signal outputted by the pilot identifier selectively
supplies the data signals (DT) to the data receiving unit through the third switch
(KR), so as to recover the transmitted data stream.
13. An apparatus according to claim 12, wherein said data receiving unit comprises an
amplitude-limited amplifier, a symbol identifier and a data decoder, for decoding
the received data signals, which has been encoded by the variable-width code and been
amplitude-limited amplified and symbol identified, to generate the data stream.
14. An apparatus according to claim 13, wherein a integrator is provided between said
amplitude-limited amplifier and symbol identifier for decreasing tile error rate of
the symbol identifier.
15. An apparatus according to claim 14, wherein said integrator may be a data integrator.
16. An apparatus according to claim 12, wherein the data signals (DT) received are directly
connected to the data signal terminal of the next stage data receiving unit when retransmitting.
17. An apparatus according to claim 16, wherein a data processor is provided between the
data interface of the receiving section and the sending section for modifying of the
contents of the data broadcast.
18. A method for sending data on L-R channels in a FM broadcasting transmitting system,
said method comprises the steps of:
a) setting mode controlling signal (mode) at the mode controlling terminal in the
sending section;
b) when conducting a stereo broadcast, said mode controlling signal (mode) of the
sending section instructing the data transmitting unit to stop operation, and instructing
the stereo encoder to operate normally to receive FM broadcast baseband signals;
c) when a FM L-R data broadcast is in progress, said mode controlling signal (mode)
of the sending section initiating said data transmitting unit, disconnecting said
first switch (KS1) from the output of DSB-SC modulator and connecting said data transmitting
unit for data transmission, disconnecting said second switch (KS2) from the output
of said divider to cut off pilot signals.
19. A method according to claim 18, wherein at said step a) the mode controlling signal
(mode) is automatically controlled through the comparison of the left and right (L,
R) voice input signal by the comparator.
20. A method according to claim 18, wherein said step a) manually controls the mode controlling
signal (mode).
21. A method according to claim 18, wherein said step c) further comprises;
d) encoding the input data stream.
22. A method according to claim 18, further comprises the step of directly supplying the
data signals (DT) to the data signal terminal of the another stage data receiving
unit when retransmitting, and the step of selectively modifying of the contents of
the data broadcast by the data processor provided between the data interface of the
receiving section and the sending section.
23. A method according to claim 21, wherein said encoding step d) further comprises the
step of encoding the data stream by a variable-width code, said variable-width code
characterized in that data information is transmitted in the form of discrete values
of the width of symbol, and said variable-width code is a bipolar non-return to zero
pulse signal with each pulse of which being a symbol, different width of pulse representing
different information.
24. A method according to claim 23, wherein the pulse width of said variable-width code
may have two or more discrete values to form a two-element or multiple element variable-width
code, wherein
the symbol with the smallest pulse width is named as a S symbol and consecutive S
symbols are referred to consecutive S symbol string;
all other types of variable-width codes are L symbols and consecutive L symbols are
referred to consecutive L symbol string;
grouping each field by information string consisting of the same type of symbols,
a symbol type identifier is transmitted before each group, then the length information
of the group is transmitted, said symbol identifier being a specific code string that
starts with a L symbol, and consisting of several L symbols and, when necessary, some
appropriate S symbols, each S symbol representing a symbol defined by this (preceding)
type identifier, until next type identifier occurs.
25. A method according to claim 24, wherein the spectrum characteristic of two-element
variable-width code satisfies:
symbol rate B satisfies:
or
by adjusting the values of Lmax, Smin, K and B, the spectrum of variable-width code,
the interference-free performance and the data transmission speed can be determined.
26. A method according to claim 25, wherein when Lmax is infinity (LX), directly encoding
method can be employed, i.e. a L symbol corresponds to character "1" and a S symbol
to character "0", or a L symbol corresponds to character "0" and a S symbol to character
"1", so that the symbol type identifier can be omitted.
27. A method according to claim 25, wherein when Lmax is not infinity, the encoding steps
comprises:
1) setting the variable-width code to have two consecutive L symbol strings with different
length, used as type identifiers of character "0" and "1" respectively;
2) when one of character "0" and "1" occurs in the data stream, the encoder first
outputs consecutive L symbols with single length;
4) when identical characters consecutively occur after the character, the encoder
converts each character in the string to a S symbol;
5) when different characters occur after the character or consecutive identical characters,
the encoder outputs consecutive L symbol with said another length;
6) repeating steps of 4) - 6) to form encoded data.
28. A method according to claim 25, wherein said polarity synchronizing step comprises:
1) setting consecutive L symbol with single length for indicating changes of symbol
type.
2) performing the polarity synchronization on the two-element data information to
detect and correct the converse polarity in the decoding process, said polarity synchronizing
step comprises:
29. A method according to claim 28, wherein said polarity synchronizing step comprises:
1) setting a "polarity synchronous symbol" and a "synchronous inverted character";
2) performing the "add 1" operation on the two-element data information, so that there
is no such polarity synchronous symbol in the processed data stream;
3) performing the "add 0" operation on the two-element data information, so that there
is no such synchronous inverted character in the processed data stream;
4) performing the "add synchronization" operation on the "add 1" and "add 0"' processed
data stream, dividing said data stream into "block", inserting appropriate numbers
of polarity synchronous symbols between blocks.
30. A method according to claim 28, wherein when data blocks are transmitted in the form
of "data packet", the character of said data packet can be used as polarity synchronous
symbol and the character conversed by said character can be used as synchronous inverted
character.
31. A method according to claim 25, wherein the encoding step of transmitting Miller code
information (M2, M3, M4) by two-element variable-width code comprises:
1) setting the variable-width code to have three types of consecutive L symbol strings
with different length, used as type identifiers of three types of Miller symbol (M2,
M3, M4) respectively;
2) when the first type of code string (M2) occurs in Miller code stream, the encoder
outputs the L symbol with the first length, and converts each identical symbol in
the code string to a S symbol;
3) when the second type of code string (M3) occurs in Miller code stream, the encoder
outputs the L symbol with the second length, and converts each identical symbol in
the code string to a S symbol;
4) when the third type of code string (M4) occurs in Miller code stream, the encoder
outputs the L symbol with the third length, and converts each identical symbol in
the code string to a S symbol;
5) repeating steps of 2) -4) to form said code stream.
32. A method according to claim 25, wherein the encoding step of transmitting Miller code
information (M2, M3, M4) by two-element variable-width code comprises:
setting the variable-width code to consist of two or less L symbols, combined with
appropriate S symbols to form three types of different code strings, used as three
types of Miller symbol type identifier respectively, so that the Miller code encoded
data can be formed.
33. A method according to claims 31 or 32, wherein said code string may also be single
code in said encoding step.
34. A method according to claim 21, further comprises:
e) the step of performing waveform synthesis on said encoded data signals, wherein
said waveform synthesizer determines the shape of output pulses based on the code
form of the input data stream.
35. A method according to claim 34, wherein the shape of said pulse is a group of waveform
module which have been previously optimized.
36. A method according to claim 25, wherein when the encoding process uses the code pattern
with Lmax = 1, Smin = 1, (i.e. L1S1), the effective band of the variable-width code
signal is 22.714 ∼ 53 KHz.
37. A method according to claim 25, wherein when the encoding process uses the code pattern
with Lmax = 1, Smin = 25, (i.e. L1S25), the effective band of the variable-width code
signal is 53.069 ∼ 60.931 KHz.
38. A method according to claim 25, wherein when the encoding process uses the code pattern
with Lmax = 1, Smin = 16, (i.e. L1S16), the effective band of the variable-width code
signal is 61.2 ∼ 74.8 KHz.
39. A method according to claim 25, wherein when the encoding process uses the code pattern
with Lmax = 1, Smin = 8, (i.e. L1S8), the effective band of the variable-width code
signal is 53 ∼ 75 KHz.
40. A method according to claim 25, wherein when the encoding process uses the code pattern
with
, Smin = 1, (i.e. LXS1), the effective band of the variable-width code signal is 20
∼ 60 KHz.
41. A method according to claim 24, wherein when there are three types of L symbols, and
the pulse width ratio of S symbol and L symbol is 1: 2.0 : 2.5 : 3.0, four-element
code pattern with Lmax = 1, Smin = 1 (i.e. L1S1) is used to encode the binary information
which has been converted to Miller code, so that the effective spectrum of the variable-width
code signal is 22.925 ∼ 75KHz.
42. A method for receiving data on L-R channels in a FM broadcasting system, said method
comprises the steps of:
a) placing a bandpass filter at the receiving section to receive the transmitted broadcast
baseband signal (comprising data signal);
b) placing a pilot identifier at the receiving section for identifying pilot signals
from the baseband signals;
c) placing a third switch (KR) between said bandpass filter and said data receiving
unit, said third switch (KR) is connected to the output of said pilot identifier;
d) when said pilot identifier identifies pilot signals from the broadcast baseband
signals, said mode controlling signal (mode) of said output terminal disconnecting
said third switch (KR) from the bandpass filter, stopping receiving the data signals,
and instructing the stereo decoder to operate normally to recover stereo broadcast
signals;
e) when no pilot signal is identified from the broadcast baseband signals by said
pilot identifier, the mode controlling signal (mode) of the output terminal connecting
said third switch (KR) to the bandpass filter to receive the data signals.
43. A method according to claim 42, wherein said receiving step e) further comprises:
f) discriminating the pulse width of the received variable-width code data signal,
which has been waveform synthesized after the amplitude-limited amplification, to
recover the pulse width code;
g) decoding the data signals which has been encoded by the pulse width code.
44. A method according to claim 43, wherein said step f) further comprises:
f1) supplying the amplitude-limited amplified variable-width code data signal to a
integrator to eliminate the distortion of L symbol and S symbol, so that the error
rate of the symbol identifier can be decreased;
f2) supplying the integrated data signals to the symbol identifier to recover the
variable-width code.
45. A method according to claim 42, further comprises the step of directly supplying the
received data signals (DT) to the data signal terminal (DT) of the next stage data
receiving unit, and selectively modifying of the contents of the data signals by the
data processor provided between the data interface of the receiving section and the
sending section when conducting data retransmmision.
46. A method according to claim 43, wherein said decoding step (g) comprises:
h) identifying the symbol type identifier in encoded data stream which has been encoded
by the variable-width code to determine the type of symbol that will arrive;
i) converting each following S symbol to a determined symbol, until next type identifier
occurs.
47. A method according to claim 43, wherein when two-element variable-width code is used
to transmit data with Lmax being infinity (LX), said decoding step g) comprises the
step of directly converting L symbol and S symbol to the corresponding character "0"
or "1".
48. A method according to claim 43, wherein said decoding step g) further comprises when
the data is transmitted in the form of "data packet", "subtract 1" and "subtract 0"
operation will be performed on said decoded data.
49. A FM L-R data broadcasting system, said broadcasting system comprises a sending section
and a receiving section, said sending section comprising: an input terminal with a
left and a right channel (L, R), a stereo encoder and an output terminal: said receiving
section comprising a receiver, a stereo decoder and an output terminal, said system
characterized in that:
the sending section further comprises:
a data transmitting unit, the output of which is connected to the adder of said stereo
encoder, for providing the data signals to be transmitted;
a first switch (KS1), provided among said DSB-SC modulator, said data transmitting
unit and said first bandpass filter, for selectively receiving data signals or audio
signals;
a second switch (KS2), provided between said divider and said narrow-band filter,
for selectively putting through or cutting off pilot signals;
a mode controlling terminal, connected to the first and second switches (KS1, KS2),
for controlling the state of said switches (KS1, KS2), said mode controlling terminal
also connected to said data transmitting unit for controlling data transmission of
the data transmitting unit;
the receiving section further comprises:
a data receiving unit for receiving the transmitted data signals (DT);
a second bandpass filter, the input of which is connected to the said input terminal,
for separating the data signals (DT) from the broadcast baseband signals;
a pilot identifier, the input of which is also connected to said receiver, for identifying
pilot signals and outputting the mode controlling signal (mode) at the output terminal;
a third switch (KR) provided between said second bandpass filter and said data receiving
unit, and also connected to the output of the pilot identifier.;
wherein said mode controlling signal outputted by the pilot identifier selectively
supplies the data signal (DT) to said data decoder through said third switch (KR),
so as to recover the transmitted data stream.
50. A system according to claim 49, wherein each of said sending section and said receiving
section comprises a data signal terminal respectively, for directly receiving the
data signals transmitted by the previous stage data signal terminal, or directly supplying
the data signals to the next stage data signal terminal when retransmitting.
51. A system according to claim 49, wherein a data processor for modifying the contents
of the data stream is provided between the data interface of said sending section
and said receiving section.
52. A system according to claim 49, wherein the mode controlling terminal of said receiving
section may be connected to the mode controlling terminal of the sending section to
retransmit the mode controlling signal when retransmitting.
53. A method for FM L-R data broadcasting, said method comprises the steps of:
a) setting mode controlling signal (mode) at the mode controlling terminal in the
sending section;
b) when conducting a stereo broadcast, the mode controlling signal (mode) of said
sending section instructing the data transmitting unit to stop operation, and instructing
the stereo encoder to operate normally to receive FM broadcast baseband signals;
c) when a FM L-R data broadcast is in progress, the mode controlling signal (mode)
of said sending section initiating said data transmitting unit, disconnecting said
first switch (KS1) from the output of DSB-SC modulator (DSB-SC) and connecting the
data transmitting unit for data transmission, disconnecting said second switch (KS2)
from the output of the divider to cut off the pilot signals;
d) placing a second bandpass filter at the receiving section to receive the transmitted
broadcast baseband signals (comprising data signal);
e) placing a pilot identifier at the receiving section for identifying pilot signals
from the baseband signals;
f) placing a third switch (KR) between the bandpass filter and the data receiving
unit, said third switch (KR) is connected to the output of said pilot identifier;
g) when said pilot identifier identifies pilot signals from the broadcast baseband
signals, the mode controlling signal (mode) of said output terminal disconnecting
said third switch (KR) from the bandpass filter, stopping receiving the data signals,
and instructing the stereo decoder to operate normally to receive stereo broadcast
signals;
h) when no pilot signal is identified from said input signals by said pilot identifier,
the mode controlling signal (mode) of the output terminal connecting said third switch
(KR) to said bandpass filter to receive the data signals.
54. A method according to claim 53, wherein each of said sending section and said receiving
section comprises a data signal terminal respectively, for directly receiving the
data signals transmitted by the previous stage data signal terminal, or directly supplying
the data signals to the next stage data signal terminal when retransmitting.
55. A method according to claim 53, wherein a data processor for modifying the contents
of the data stream is provided between the data interface of said sending section
and said receiving section.
56. A method according to claim 53, wherein the mode controlling terminal of said receiving
section may be connected to the mode controlling terminal of the sending section to
retransmit the mode controlling signal when retransmitting.
57. A data transmitting system using FM broadcasting, said system comprises a sending
section and a receiving section, said sending section comprising: an input terminal
with a left and a right channel (L, R), a stereo encoder and an output terminal; said
system characterized in that:
the sending section further comprises:
a data transmitting unit, the output of which is connected to the adder of said stereo
encoder;
a first switch (KS1) provided between said bandpass filter and said adder, for selectively
receiving low speed data signals or high speed data signals;
a second switch (KS2) provided between said narrow-band filter and said adder, for
selectively putting through or cutting off pilot signals;
a mode controlling terminal, connected to said first and second switches (KS1, KS2),
for controlling the data signal transmission pattern of the data transmitting unit;
the receiving section further comprises:
a data receiving unit for receiving the transmitted data signals (DT);
a low speed bandpass filter, the input of which is connected to said receiver, for
separating the low speed data signals (DT) from the broadcast baseband signals;
a high speed bandpass filter, the input of which is connected to said receiver, for
separating the high speed data signals (DT) from the broadcast baseband signals;
a pilot identifier, the input of which is also connected to the receiver, for identifying
pilot signals and outputting the mode controlling signal (mode) at the output terminal;
a third switch (KR) provided between said high speed filter and said data receiving
unit, and also connected to the output of the pilot identifier,.
58. A system according to claim 57, wherein each of said sending section and said receiving
section comprises a data signal terminal respectively, for directly receiving the
data signals transmitted by the previous stage data signal terminal, or directly supplying
the data signals to the next stage data signal terminal when retransmitting.
59. A system according to claim 57, wherein a data processor for modifying the contents
of the data stream is provided between the data interface of said sending section
and said receiving section.
60. A system according to claim 57, wherein the mode controlling terminal of said receiving
section may be connected to the mode controlling terminal of the sending section to
retransmit the mode controlling signal when retransmitting.
61. A method for data signal transmission using FM broadcasting, said method comprises
the steps of:
a) setting the mode controlling signal (mode) at the mode controlling terminal in
the sending section;
b) when conducting a stereo broadcast, the mode controlling signal (mode) of said
sending section instructing the first switch (KS1) to close, transferring DSB-SC signals
into the adder so that the data transmitting unit is in the low speed transmitting
state (e.g. pattern 4);
c) when broadcasting monophonic program, the mode controlling signal (mode) of said
sending section cutting off DSB-SC signals through the first switch (KS1), cutting
off pilot signals through the second switch (KS2) so that the data transmitting unit
is in the high speed data transmitting state (e.g. pattern 6);
d) placing a high speed bandpass filter at the receiving section to receive the transmitted
low speed data signals when conducting a stereo broadcast;
e) placing a low speed bandpass filter at the receiving section to receive the transmitted
high speed data signals when conducting a monophonic program broadcast;
f) placing a pilot identifier at the receiving section for identifying pilot signals
from the baseband signals;
g) placing a third switch (KR) among the high and low speed bandpass filter and the
data receiving unit, said third switch (KR) is connected to said pilot identifier;
h) when said pilot identifier identifies pilot signals from the broadcast baseband
signals, the mode controlling signal (mode) of said output terminal connecting the
low speed filter to the data receiving unit through said third switch (KR), and making
the data receiving unit to be in the low speed data receiving state;
i) when no pilot signal is identified from the broadcast baseband signals by said
pilot identifier, the mode controlling signal (mode) of the output terminal connecting
the high speed filter to the data receiving unit through said third switch (KR), and
making the data receiving unit to be in the high speed data receiving state.
62. A system according to claim 61, wherein each of said sending section and said receiving
section comprises a data signal terminal respectively, for directly receiving the
data signals transmitted by the previous stage data signal terminal, or directly supplying
the data signals to the next stage data signal terminal when retransmitting.
63. A system according to claim 61, wherein a data processor for modifying the contents
of the data stream is provided between the data interface of said sending section
and said receiving section.
64. A system according to claim 61, wherein the mode controlling terminal of said receiving
section may be connected to the mode controlling terminal of the sending section to
retransmit the mode controlling signal when retransmitting.