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EP 0 667 171 B1 |
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EUROPEAN PATENT SPECIFICATION |
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Mention of the grant of the patent: |
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29.03.2000 Bulletin 2000/13 |
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Date of filing: 27.01.1995 |
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International Patent Classification (IPC)7: A62B 18/10 |
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Improved mask for breathing apparatus supplying air under pressure or not
Maske für Atmungsgerät zum Versorgung mit druck- bzw. druckloser Luft
Masque pour appareil respiratoire, fournissant de l'air sous pression ou non
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Designated Contracting States: |
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AT BE CH DE DK ES FR GB GR IE IT LI LU MC NL PT SE |
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Priority: |
09.02.1994 IT MI940091
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Date of publication of application: |
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16.08.1995 Bulletin 1995/33 |
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Proprietor: RICCARDO SPASCIANI S.p.A. |
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I-20021 Baranzate di Bollate (Milano) (IT) |
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Inventor: |
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- Spasciani, Riccardo
I-20144 Milano (IT)
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Representative: Faraggiana, Vittorio, Dr. Ing. |
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Ingg. Guzzi & Ravizza S.r.l.
Via Vincenzo Monti 8 20123 Milano 20123 Milano (IT) |
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References cited: :
DE-C- 736 268 GB-A- 2 264 646
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GB-A- 1 124 703 LU-A- 59 025
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Note: Within nine months from the publication of the mention of the grant of the European
patent, any person may give notice to the European Patent Office of opposition to
the European patent
granted. Notice of opposition shall be filed in a written reasoned statement. It shall
not be deemed to
have been filed until the opposition fee has been paid. (Art. 99(1) European Patent
Convention).
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[0001] The present invention relates to a mask to be used in connection with an apparatus
which, through a one-way valve, supplies pure or purified air having the same pressure
as, or a different pressure from the atmospheric one.
[0002] Mask respirators to be used in environments where air is polluted or at all events
noxious, can be divided into two main types: those provided with a filter, which merely
filter and purify the air directly inhaled by a wearer, and those utilizing an appropriate
source (a bottle, for example) of pure air under pressure or under partial vacuum
and completely excluding entering of air from the surrounding atmosphere.
[0003] In both types of masks the ejection of the air exhaled by the wearer takes place
through an appropriate one-way valve, separate from the inspiration or inlet valve,
directly operated by overpressure caused by the expired air; such a valve therefore,
is normally closed and only opens during the expiratory steps of the wearer's breathing.
[0004] In masks having a filter respirator and in masks provided with a source of air under
relative vacuum, the valve must offer a very weak resistance to the passage of the
outgoing air, pressure within the mask being lower than or at most the same as the
external one.
[0005] In masks having a source of air under pressure, on the contrary, the air emitting
valve must be such set that it does not open when there is just a difference between
the (greater) pressure inside the mask and the (lower) external atmospheric pressure;
said valve must offer a higher resistance than in the case seen above, so that it
only opens when the difference between the internal and external pressures exceeds
a given threshold as a result of the already mentioned overpressure due to the expired
air.
[0006] As a result, the above described two types of masks can be used only within their
own operating field. Application of a breathing apparatus with air under pressure
to a mask provided with an outlet valve offering a low resistance would involve a
continuous escape of air from the mask which would bring about a drastic reduction
in the autonomy of same. On the contrary, application of a filter apparatus or a low
pressure apparatus to a mask provided with a valve set for a higher pressure would
involve an excessive effort by the wearer for blowing out the expired air.
[0007] In order to obviate the incompatibility existing between said two types of masks,
the same applicant has envisaged a solution described in a patent for invention IT
1,227,248 according to which a spring counteracting opening of the outlet valve reacts
on a pin projecting to the outside of the mask.
[0008] The pin is such located that it is pushed to increase compression of the spring when
a union for a source of air under pressure is connected to the mask. Thus pressure
necessary for opening of the exhaust valve passes from a first value to a second value
(greater than the first) depending on whether a vacuum apparatus or an overpressure
apparatus is connected to the mask.
[0009] While a mask of the above type is greatly innovatory as it enables the user to be
equipped with a single mask of universal use, which will be in turn provided with
a breathing apparatus appropriate to the contingent situation, however it has a drawback
in that it does not enable a simple and independent setting of the opening pressures
of the exhaust valve under the two use conditions.
[0010] In fact, the two pressure values have to depend on the elastic features of one and
the same spring and are greatly affected by the degree of compression of the spring
itself. As a result there is also an important critical state in the amount of movement
of the pin produced by the connecting member of the source under pressure, since the
valve opening pressure depends thereon.
[0011] GB-A-2 264 646 also discloses a mask, wherein the opening pressure of the valve is
selected by varying the compression degree of the same spring.
[0012] It is a general object of the present invention to eliminate the above drawbacks
by providing a mask capable of operation both with a device delivering air under pressure
and with a device provided with a filter or under partial vacuum, and equipped with
an air outlet valve adapted to be readily and safely set, in order to enable a very
sure and efficient use of same without the risk that accidental air escapes or difficulties
in opening may occur.
[0013] In view of the above object, in accordance with the invention, a mask for breathing
apparatus has been devised, according to claim 1.
[0014] For better explaining the innovatory principles of the present invention and the
advantages it offers over the known art, a possible embodiment of the invention putting
into practice said innovatory principles will he given hereinafter by way of non-limiting
example with the aid of the accompanying drawings, in which:
- Fig. 1 is a diagrammatic partial view seen in front elevation of a mask according
to the invention;
- Fig. 2 is a sectional view according to line II-II in Fig. 1, to which an air feeding
device for admitting air at a greater pressure than the atmospheric one is applied;
- Fig. 3 is a view similar to Fig. 2, to which a filter or an air feeding device for
admitting air at a lower pressure than the atmospheric one is applied.
[0015] Referring to the drawings, a mask denoted by 10 is shown in Fig. 1 and it comprises
a union 11 to admit air to the inside of the mask through a one-way inlet valve 12
and a duct 13 for ejecting the expired air through a one-way outlet valve 14 and a
perforated surface 15.
[0016] As clearly shown in Figs. 2 and 3, the expiration valve 14 consists to advantage
of a support (or slide) 22 to which pins 17 slidable in corresponding supports are
slidably linked.
[0017] Each pin supports a diaphragm 16 pushed against sealing edges 18 by means of a respective
spring 19 acting between a resting disc 20 belonging to the support 22 and the diaphragm
16. Pin 17 provides a restraint to the spring 19 expansion by means of a stop 21.
[0018] Slide 22, movable within the ejection duct 13 in a direction normal to the diaphragm
16 surface, is formed with a rest 23 for a control sensor means in the form of a pin
24.
[0019] The control pin 24 is slidably received within a hole 26 communicating with the mask's
surrounding environment, advantageously close to the external flange of the air admitting
duct 11.
[0020] A compressed spring 25 (of an elastic coefficient much weaker than springs 19 interposed
between the valve diaphragms 16 and the support 22) pushes the pin 24 against the
movable support 22.
[0021] As diagrammatically shown in Figs. 2 and 3, known (and therefore not described or
shown in detail) breathing apparatus can be applied to the mask 10, which apparatus
are provided either with a source of air under pressure 27 or with a filter or a vacuum
air source 29.
[0022] Source 27 has a connecting element for airtight connection to union 11, which element
is provided with an appropriate projection or surface 28 for engagement with pin 24.
Since said pin senses the presence of the connecting element, it is prevented from
freely moving against the action of spring 25, being pushed towards the inside.
[0023] On the contrary, source 29 is provided with a connecting element which is free of
engagement projections, so that the control pin 24 can freely slide within the hole
26 against the action of spring 25.
[0024] In this manner, as shown in Fig. 3, when a normal filter or a device with a vacuum
air source is applied, the spring 19 can push the slide 22 against the stop 21 and
thus the whole valve assembly is elastically supported by spring 25 which has a much
weaker elastic coefficient than spring 19, by "much weaker" meaning that the assembly
formed of spring 19, slide 22 and diaphragm 16 has a behaviour similar to that of
a rigid body as compared to yielding of spring 24.
[0025] Spring 25 is selected in such a manner that the small pressure caused by the user's
expiration is sufficient to cause opening of valve 14. In other words, since the assembly
formed of diaphragm 16, pin 17, spring 19 and disc 20 behaves like a unitary rigid
body, due to the relative hardness of spring 19 and the presence of stop 21, opening
of valve 14 takes place by axial sliding of pin 17, together with the above assembly,
towards the air ejecting duct 13, against the action of spring 25.
[0026] As shown in Fig. 2, application of a device 27 with a source of air under pressure,
on the contrary, causes the control pin 24 to move backward towards the inside.
[0027] The displacement of pin 24 causes the slide 20 to move apart from the stop 21 of
pin 17. In this way, spring 19 can work in compression between the slide 20 and the
diaphragm 16, the control pin 24 being locked against the projection 28 of the breathing
apparatus. Therefore spring 25 is excluded from any action and opening of the expiration
valve 14 is only counteracted by spring 19 alone. Thus the elastic coefficient of
the spring 19 can be selected such that the valve 14 opens at a pressure level given
by the sum of the overpressure within the mask and the pressure of the air expired
by the mask wearer.
[0028] It is therefore apparent that the intended purpose has been achieved in that a mask
has been made which has an expiration valve capable of adaptation to the type of apparatus
used for air admission, in which the opening pressure levels are set independently
in the two cases.
[0029] In addition, the degree of sliding imposed on the pin 24 by the projection 28 is
irrelevant to the ends of the opening pressure of valve 14 once the operating projection
28 acts on the pin 24 to an extent sufficient to move the slide 22 away from the limit
stop 21.
[0030] With the apparatus of the invention, each user can be provided with a single mask
to he indifferently used, depending on requirements, either with a device for supplying
air under pressure or with a filter or a vacuum air supply device, in both cases adjustments
of the working pressures being independent of each other and being of easy and accurate
setting since each of them depends on a respective spring having an independent preload
value.
[0031] Obviously, the above description of one embodiment applying the innovatory principles
of the invention is given for purposes of illustration only and therefore must not
be considered as a limitation of the scope of the invention as herein claimed.
[0032] For example, the number of the valves and the air admitting and ejecting ducts, as
well as the shapes and arrangements of same can be different from those described
and shown in the drawings.
[0033] The connecting element 27 carrying the projection 28 can also be a mere union adapter
between a standard inlet for sources of air under pressure and union 11.
1. A mask for breathing apparatus, of the type comprising at least one air admitting
duct (11) connected to the inside of the mask through a one-way inlet valve (12) and
at least one air emitting duct (13) for discharge to the external environment, connected
to the inside of the mask through at least one one-way expiration valve (14), said
expiration valve (14) having an opening pressure selected between a first and a second
predetermined values by means of a prearrangement control member (24), characterized
in that the expiration valve (14) comprises an airtight diaphragm (16) elastically
pushed to close an expiration passageway (13) by means of two springs (19, 25) in
series with each other, the first spring (19) having an elastic coefficient greater
than the second spring (25), the control member (24) being movable between a position
of non-interference and a position of interference with the elastic movement of the
second spring (25), in the position of non-interference the elastic movement of the
second spring (25) under the action of a pressure acting on the diaphragm (16) being
allowed and in the position of interference the elastic movement of the second spring
(25) under the action of a pressure acting on the diaphragm (16) being prevented.
2. A mask according to claim 1, characterized in that the control member (24) comprises
an operating end to be engaged by a corresponding surface (28) of an air admitting
element (27) connected to the admitting duct (11) to shift the control member (24)
between said interference and non-interference positions.
3. A mask according to claim 1, characterized in that the second spring (25) reacts against
a movable slide (22) carrying the first spring (19) which exerts a thrust action against
the diaphragm (16), means for restraining expansion of the first spring (19) being
provided between the slide and the diaphragm.
4. A mask according to claim 3, characterized in that the means for restraining expansion
of the first spring (19) consists of a stop (21) located on a pin (17) on which said
slide (22) slides.
5. A mask according to claims 2 and 4, characterized in that the slide (22) movement
towards said stop (21) is limited by the end of the control member (24) opposite to
said operating end.
6. A mask according to claim 1, characterized in that the control member (24) is formed
of a pin axially slidable between an interference position and a non-interference
position, said second spring (25) being fitted on said pin (24).
7. A mask according to claim 5, characterized in that, on engagement between the end
of the control member (24) and the surface (28), the control member is pushed towards
the interference position and moves the slide (22) away from the stop (21).
1. Maske für Atmungsgerät des Typs, der wenigstens eine Lufteinlaßleitung (11), die über
ein Einweg-Einlaßventil (12) mit dem Inneren der Maske verbunden ist, und wenigstens
eine Luftauslaßleitung (13) zur Abgabe an die äußere Umgebung umfaßt, die über wenigstens
ein Einweg-Ausatmungsventil (14) mit dem Inneren der Maske verbunden ist, wobei das
Ausatmungsventil (14) einen Öffnungsdruck aufweist, der mittels eines Steuerungselementes
(24) zur Vorherbestimmung zwischen einem ersten und einem zweiten vorbestimmten Wert
ausgewählt wird, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Ausatmungsventil (14) ein luftdichtes
Diaphragma (16) umfaßt, das elastisch gedrückt wird, um einen Ausatmungsdurchgang
(13) mittels zweier in Reihe zueinander befindlichen Federn (19, 25) zu schließen,
wobei die erste Feder (19) einen größeren Elastizitätskoeffizienten als die zweite
Feder (25) aufweist, wobei das Steuerungselement (24) zwischen einer Position ohne
gegenseitige Beeinflussung und einer Position der gegenseitigen Beeinflussung mit
der elastischen Bewegung der zweiten Feder (25) beweglich ist, wobei die elastische
Bewegung der zweiten Feder (25) unter Einwirkung eines auf das Diaphragma (16) wirkenden
Drucks in der Position ohne gegenseitige Beeinflussung gestattet wird und die elastische
Bewegung der zweiten Feder (25) unter Einwirkung eines auf das Diaphragma (16) wirkenden
Drucks in der Position der gegenseitigen Beeinflussung verhindert wird.
2. Maske nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Steuerungselement (24) ein
Betätigungsende umfaßt, zum Eingriff mittels einer entsprechenden Oberfläche (28)
eines mit der Einlaßleitung (11) verbundenen Lufteinlaßelements (27), um das Steuerungselement
(24) zwischen den Positionen der gegenseitigen Beeinflussung und ohne gegenseitige
Beeinflussung zu verschieben.
3. Maske nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die zweite Feder (25) gegen einen
beweglichen Schieber (22) wirkt, der die erste Feder (19) trägt, die eine Druckwirkung
auf das Diaphragma (16) ausübt, wobei ein Mittel zum Einschränken der Ausdehnung der
ersten Feder (19) zwischen dem Schieber und dem Diaphragma vorgesehen ist.
4. Maske nach Anspruch 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Mittel zum Einschränken der
Ausdehnung der ersten Feder (19) aus einem Anschlag (21) bestehen, der sich an einem
Stift (17) befindet, auf welchem der Schieber (22) gleitet.
5. Maske nach den Ansprüchen 2 und 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Bewegung des Schiebers
(22) zum Anschlag (21) hin durch das dem Betätigungsende entgegengesetzte Ende des
Steuerungselements (24) begrenzt ist.
6. Maske nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Steuerungselement (24) von
einem Stift gebildet wird, der zwischen einer Position der gegenseitigen Beeinflussung
und einer Position ohne gegenseitige Beeinflussung axial gleiten kann, wobei die zweite
Feder (25) am Stift (24) angebracht ist.
7. Maske nach Anspruch 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Steuerungselement bei Eingriff
zwischen dem Ende des Steuerungselements (24) und der Oberfläche (28) zur Position
der gegenseitigen Beeinflussung hin gedrückt wird und den Schieber (22) vom Anschlag
(21) weg bewegt.
1. Masque pour appareil respiratoire, du type qui comprend au moins un conduit (11) d'admission
d'air raccordé à l'intérieur du masque par un clapet de retenue d'entrée (12) et au
moins un conduit (13) d'émission d'air destiné à évacuer vers l'atmosphère externe
et raccordé à l'intérieur du masque par au moins un clapet de retenue d'expiration
(14), ledit clapet d'expiration (14) ayant une pression d'ouverture choisie entre
une première et une seconde valeur prédéterminées à l'aide d'un organe (24) de commande
d'arrangement préalable, caractérisé en ce que le clapet d'expiration (14) comprend
un diaphragme hermétique (16) poussé élastiquement afin qu'il ferme un passage d'expiration
(13) par deux ressorts (19, 25) montés en série, le premier ressort (19) ayant une
raideur supérieure à celle du second ressort (25), l'organe de commande (24) étant
mobile entre une position sans contact et une position de contact lors du mouvement
élastique du second ressort (25), le mouvement élastique du second ressort (25), sous
l'action de la pression agissant sur le diaphragme (16), étant autorisé dans la position
sans contact et le mouvement élastique du second ressort (25), sous l'action d'une
pression agissant sur le diaphragme (16), étant empêché dans la position de contact.
2. Masque selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que l'organe de commande (24) comporte
une extrémité de manoeuvre destinée à être au contact d'une surface correspondante
(28) d'un élément (27) d'admission d'air raccordé au conduit d'admission (11) afin
que l'organe de commande (24) soit décalé entre lesdites positions de contact et sans
contact.
3. Masque selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que le second ressort (25) réagit
contre un coulisseau mobile (22) portant le premier ressort (19) qui exerce une action
de poussée contre le diaphragme (16), un dispositif destiné à limiter l'étirement
du premier ressort (19) étant disposé entre le coulisseau et le diaphragme.
4. Masque selon la revendication 3, caractérisé en ce que le dispositif destiné à limiter
l'étirement du premier ressort (19) comporte un organe d'arrêt (21) placé sur une
broche (17) sur laquelle coulisse ledit coulisseau (22).
5. Masque selon les revendications 2 et 4, caractérisé en ce que le mouvement du coulisseau
(22) vers ledit organe d'arrêt (21) est limité par l'extrémité de l'organe de commande
(24) opposée à ladite extrémité de manoeuvre.
6. Masque selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que l'organe de commande (24) est
formé d'une broche qui peut coulisser axialement entre une position de contact et
une position sans contact, ledit second ressort (25) étant monté sur ladite broche
(24).
7. Masque selon la revendication 5, caractérisé en ce que, lors du contact entre l'extrémité
de l'organe de commande (24) et la surface (28), l'organe de commande est poussé vers
la position de contact et déplace le coulisseau (22) en l'écartant de l'organe d'arrêt
(21).