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EP 0 699 095 B1 |
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EUROPEAN PATENT SPECIFICATION |
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Mention of the grant of the patent: |
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28.06.2000 Bulletin 2000/26 |
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Date of filing: 10.05.1994 |
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International application number: |
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PCT/SE9400/432 |
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International publication number: |
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WO 9426/352 (24.11.1994 Gazette 1994/26) |
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FIRE DAMPER AND A FIRE DAMPER CONTROL SYSTEM
BRANDSCHUTZKLAPPE MIT ANSTEUERSYSTEM
CLAPET COUPE-FEU ET SON SYSTEME DE COMMANDE
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Designated Contracting States: |
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BE CH DE DK FR GB LI SE |
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Priority: |
12.05.1993 SE 9301634 17.01.1994 SE 9400104
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Date of publication of application: |
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06.03.1996 Bulletin 1996/10 |
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Proprietor: NV BRANDSTOPP AB |
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S-791 37 Falun (SE) |
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Inventors: |
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- NERELL, ke
S-791 31 Falun (SE)
- WIKSTRÖM, Ulf
S-392 35 Kalmar (SE)
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(74) |
Representative: Hammar, Ernst |
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Albihns Patentbyra Stockholm AB,
Box 5581 114 85 Stockholm 114 85 Stockholm (SE) |
(56) |
References cited: :
AT-B- 386 343 GB-A- 2 244 214 US-A- 4 432 272 US-A- 4 928 583
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CH-A- 553 384 JP-A- 2 299 672 US-A- 4 545 363
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Note: Within nine months from the publication of the mention of the grant of the European
patent, any person may give notice to the European Patent Office of opposition to
the European patent
granted. Notice of opposition shall be filed in a written reasoned statement. It shall
not be deemed to
have been filed until the opposition fee has been paid. (Art. 99(1) European Patent
Convention).
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[0001] The present invention relates to a control system and method for preventing the spreading
of fire and smoke in a ventilation system, comprising at least one damper unit being
supplied with at least one damper device, which is manoeuvrable between a starting
point and a working position and by which an interruption in the energy supply, which
is unintentional or which is initiated via sensing means, causes an automatic return
of the damper device to its starting point, and a central unit being provided for
remote control and monitoring of said damper unit.
[0002] Such a system can be used for example to open and close a flap valve for preventing
the spreading of fire and smoke.
[0003] Active fire protection can save human lifes in a catastrophic situation. Hitherto
there has not been any really good method of protection against the dispersion of
fire and smoke via narrow ventilation ducts. A smoke and fire damper according to
the invention effectively stops combustion gases and smoke produced in a fire from
spreading via the ventilation system of a building. The fire damper limits the damage
and helps prevent catastrophes occurring in hotels, ships, industrial buildings, nursing
homes, hospitals, office buildings, storage buildings and schools.
[0004] By connecting each fire damper to a new, completely computerized monitoring and control
system in a two-wire configuration, which is designed to be used for monitoring the
fire dampers with associated smoke detectors and thermoswitches, it is possible to
automatically check the functioning of each fire damper, thus eliminating the necessity
of extra fire insulation of the ventilation ducts. Each fire damper has built-in smoke
detectors and thermoswitches and can, if there is to be central surveillance, be coupled
to the monitoring and control system by means of a single twisted two-conductor cable.
[0005] US-A-4,928,583 discloses an air flow control system for controlling the air flow
within a building having a blower for recirculating the air in the building comprising
vents for venting air out of the building and means for closing the vents upon the
detection of fire, smoke, or high heat in the building. The system also includes sensors
for detecting fire, smoke, or high heat in the building. A breaker switch connected
to the blower is also included in the system for disabling the blower to stop recirculation
of the air upon the detection of fire, smoke, and high heat in the building.
[0006] JP-A-02299672 describes a disaster prevention system having a processing portion
which decides whether or not each equipment operate. Upon malfunction image processing
part and alarm producing portion are notified. Image processing part and a monitor
display a visual alarm and a sound alarm to signal any malfunctioning.
[0007] Spring-loaded gear train motors for fire dampers are previously known in control
technology, but these motors are often complicated in their design and are thus expensive
to manufacture as well as being space-consuming, which means that in general they
are only suitable for quite large installations. Due to the relatively large external
dimensions of such a motor, it is as a rule not possible to mount it in direct connection
with a flap valve for example in a duct section, which is often in turn located inside
a dividing wall. The motor is instead mounted separate from the duct section on either
side of the wall. In order to transmit the rotary motion of the motor to the damper,
some type of transmission is required, e.g. a shaft with an angle transmission, a
belt transmission or a linkage arm system.
[0008] The purpose of the present invention is therefore to provide, in a simpler and less
expensive manner than previously, a control system comprising an operating device
for fire dampers, which reliably blocks the damper in the closed position, which system
is flexible and which is inexpensive to install and wire. This is achieved by an improved
control system in which the damper unit is connectable to the central unit and at
least one further damper unit as well, by means of at least one digital control circuit
in the form of a loop. A corresponding method is characterized in that said central
unit performs remote control and monitoring of each damper unit, which is, directly
or via an adjacent damper unit, connected to the central unit by means of at least
one digital control circuit in the form of a loop. Advantageous further developments
and improvements of the invention are revealed in the dependent claims.
[0009] The device according to the invention is intended to be controlled by means of a
modular, expandable central unit "DDC", which via two-wire connectors in three loops
can be connected to up to 96 damper units for digital remote control and moni-toring
of fire dampers coupled to each damper unit. Two fire dampers with associated sensing
means, i.e. thermounit. It is thus possible with DDC to identify and control a total
of 192 fire dampers with thermoswitches and smoke detectors. With DDC it is possible,
via only one two-wire cable, to remotely monitor on a central display both the supply
and exhaust ducts to each individual room, e.g. in a hotel or a nursing home. The
display is suitably in the form of signal lamps which have different colours depending
on what type of alarm is to be indicted (green, yellow, red etc, red preferably being
used to indicate fire and smoke alarm).
[0010] It is possible to control the following functions from the central unit:
1) Service alarm is indicated when a smoke detector or a thermoswitch has reached
a degree of contamination which could impede its functioning, i.e. replacement or
cleaning is required).
2) Alarm due to the presence of smoke or overheating, which means that the fire damper
in question is closed and blocked in its closed position.
3) Electrical failure in connection with a damper unit, which means that the dampers
in question will be closed and blocked in their closed position.
4) Manual exercising of any selected damper at regular time intervals is controllable
from the central unit. With a clock at the central unit it is possible to set the
desired periodicity, e.g. a function check of each damper in the system once per 48
hours or in accordance with applicable building codes. During an alarm and during
the automatic function check, the supply of current is broken to the fans in question.
[0011] To make the system flexible and at the same time keep the installation cost down,
the communication between the dampers and the central unit is done digitally with
a two-wire system. Each damper has a unique address and in this way the communication
can be effected in two directions between the central unit and the damper. Communication
is also possible with a superior computer, a telenet work etc. A printer can also
be coupled directly to the central unit.
[0012] Embodiments of the invention will be described in more detail below only in the form
of examples, with reference to the accompanying schematic drawings which show the
invention applied to the operation of a rotational flap damper in a ventilation duct.
The invention is, however, not limited to the operation of dampers but can also be
used for other devices where a rotational movement with spring return is desirable.
- Figure 1
- shows the principle of one embodiment of the device partially in section, with the
motor in driving connection with the damper, which is in its open position,
- Figure 2
- shows a device according to Figure 1 with the motor disengaged and with the damper
in its closed position,
- Figure 3
- shows a side view of a preferred embodiment of a damper housing for the device,
- Figure 4
- shows a preferred embodiment of the device in side view,
- Figure 5
- shows the device according to Figure 4 in a horisontal view,
- Figure 6
- shows a wiring diagram for a group of devices according to the invention connected
to a central unit.
[0013] In Figures 1 and 2, the letter A designates a ventilation duct with abutments 2 and
3 for a damper 4, which is joined to a gear 5 mounted on a rotary shaft 6 for the
damper. Near the gear 5 there is mounted a gear train motor 7, which has at one end
an output shaft and a pinion 8 mounted thereon. The gear train motor is pivotally
mounted about a fixed pivot pin 9 disposed at the same end next to the pinion 8 in
such a manner that the center axes of the pivot pin, the damper, the pinion and the
gear 5 are all parallel to each other. On the pivot pin 9 there is also mounted a
pawl 10 biassed by a leaf spring 11 towards the gear 5. The pawl 10 is also provided
with a heel 12 directed against the gear train motor 7 and which, under the influence
of the spring 11, strives to come into contact with the outside of the motor 7.
[0014] A linear motor in the form of an electromagnet 13 is pivotally mounted on an anchoring
pin 14 and the linearly displaceable rod-spaced core of the magnet is joined at its
free end to an operating pin 15 securely anchored to the other end of the motor 7.
A spiral spring 16 is placed over the protruding portion of the magnetic core and
bears with one end against the opposite end of the magnetic coil and bears with its
other end against a stop on the protruding portion of the magnetic core. The spiral
spring 16 thus strives to push the core out of the coil, when the coil is free of
current.
[0015] A spiral spring 17 acting as a return spring and provided with long legs is mounted
on the shaft 6. One leg is fixed at the point 18 while the other leg is in resilient
contact with a spring pin 19 fixed to the gear 5.
[0016] The gear train motor 7 and the electromagnet 13 each have individual connecting wires
(not shown) of conventional type, for connecting a driving voltage and an operating
voltage. Connection and disconnection of these voltages is controlled by means of
a control unit 20, e.g. a microprocessor with presettable command values, which obtain
their control signals (the actual values) from sensors (not shown) in the duct A in
question, suitably smoke detectors and temperature sensors or the like of a type which
is known per se. Normally the operating voltage to the electromagnet 13 and the drive
voltage to the gear train motor 7 are connected by the control unit 20. Since the
electromagnet is thus activated by the operating voltage, the displaceable core is
affected by the magnetic field so that it is displaced into the magnet against the
force of the spiral spring 16, thus compressing the spring at the same time as the
core, via the pivot connection with the operating pin 15, pulls the gear train motor
7 with it in its displacement. Since the motor 7 is pivotally mounted on the pin 9,
the motor will be rotable about said pin until the pinion 8 engages the gear 5 on
the shaft 6. Since the driving voltage of the gear train motor 7 is normally also
turned on by the control unit 20, the output shaft of the motor, with the pinion 8
mounted thereon, will rotate in the direction of the arrow, and the gear 5 will rotate
in the direction of the arrow M carrying with it the shaft 6 and the second leg of
the return spring 17. This rotates the damper 4 to the opened position at the same
time as the return spring 17 is tensioned. In certain cases, the rotary movement is
limited by a limit switch (not shown here), which sends a signal to the control unit
20 corresponding to a predetermined angle of rotation of the shaft 6.
[0017] When one or more types of sensors signal abnormal values to the control unit, or
if the control unit registers an unintended power failure, both the operating voltage
and the driving voltage are shut off. The core of the electromagnet 13 is thus pushed
out of the magnet under the influence of the pretensioned spiral spring 16, and the
gear train motor 7 is pivoted about the pin 9 so that the pinion 8 is no longer in
engagement with the gear 5 of the shaft 6. The return spring 17 then returns, via
the spring pin 19, the gear 5 and the shaft 6, the damper 4 in the direction of the
arrow M' to the starting position in sealing contact with the abutments 2 and 3. By
virtue of the fact that the rotational position of the motor 7 is changed relative
to the heel 12, it is disengaged and the pawl 10, by means of the bias of the leaf
spring 11 is swung into engagement with a notch on the gear 5, blocking it against
rotation in the opposite direction indicated by the arrow M. Only when the electromagnet
13 is reactivated will the pawl 10 be pivoted from its blocking position by the gear
train motor 7 being rotated about the pin 9.
[0018] A preferred embodiment of the invention is illustrated in Figures 3-6 and comprises,
in addition to the central control unit 20, two end panels 21,22, and a two-part housing
24 in the form of a duct, said housing being coupled into a unit by means of a flange
coupling 26. On a damper shaft 28 arranged in the housing there is mounted a gear
in the form of a toothed segment 30, which is in permanent engagement with the pinion
32 of a drive unit 31, said pinion being mounted on the output shaft of the drive
unit 31 which can be fixedly mounted relative to the toothed segment 30. The pinion
32 of the output shaft is connected to an electric motor 36 of the drive unit 31 by
means of a gear train 34. An electromagnet 38 can also be fixedly mounted relative
to the toothed segment 30. The magnet moves, via a linkage arm 40, a blocking element
42 between a position blocking the toothed segment 30 and a position releasing the
toothed segment. Two microswitches 44,46 are mounted on either side of the motor 36
and act as position sensors for the position of the damper shaft 28 and thus the position
of the damper. The microswitches 44,46 are actuated by a pin 47 fixed to the toothed
segment. The motor 36 is mounted on a motor plate 48 and is activated together with
the electromagnet 38. The damper shaft 28 carries a damper plate 50, and a torsion
spring 52 together with a spring guide 54 are mounted on the damper shaft 28, by means
of which the damper plate 50 is continuously biassed towards the closed position.
[0019] When both the motor 36 and the electromagnet 38 are actuated, the blocking element
42 releases the toothed segment 30 and this permits the toothed segment to move, rotating
the damper shaft 28 thus opening the damper and tensioning the torsion spring 52.
As soon as the motor and the electromagnet 38 are deactivated, the tension energy
in the spring 52 is released returning the damper to its closed position, where it
is locked by the blocking means 42 being moved by a compression spring 56 to a position
blocking the toothed segment 30. In this position, the damper cannot be opened unless
the motor and the electromagnet are reactivated by supplying them with drive voltage.
[0020] In the damper housing 24 there is an insulation 58, preferably of mineral wool (Promatect
type L). The damper housing 24 is coated on its interior with a fire-inhibiting paint
from Casco Nobel in three layers, which has been cured and which constitutes significant
heat-insulation. The paint designation is Hensoterm 4 KS, white matt, intended for
fire insulation of supporting steel structures. The fire-inhibiting paint is also
applied to the mounting 60 for the damper plate 50 shaft as above, which substantially
extends the resistance to through-burning of the damper plate. The damper plate 50
itself is suitably made in three layers of a fire-resistant material of conventional
type, and the surfaces of the damper itself are treated with fire-inhibiting paint
as above. The damper plate 50 abuts against, in its closed position, sealing strips
62 (Z-strips) of fire-resistant foamed plastic arranged on the walls of the housing
24.
[0021] The drive unit 31 is made as a module which is easily replaceable if a fault for
example should occur in the damper motor 36. It is important that the pinion 32 of
the drive unit 31 be in correct engagement with the toothed segment 30, to assure
reliable functioning of the device. The shaft of the pinion 32 is therefore provided
with a ball bearing 64 mounted between the pinion 32 and the motor plate 48. An abutment
66 is made on the toothed segment 30, and serves as an abutment for the ball bearing
64 when a faulty drive unit has been removed and a new drive unit 31 is put in place
by means of guide and anchoring rails (not shown). By suitably forming the abutment
66 and corresponding dimensioning of the ball bearing 64, correct play is always assured
between the pinion 32 and the toothed segment 30, by only moving each drive unit 31
during assembly towards the toothed segment 30 until the ball bearing 64 is in contact
with the abutment 66, whereupon the drive unit is screwed securely to the damper.
[0022] In order to make the damper more flexible and facilitate inspection of its inside
when it is mounted in a wall, it is suitable to connect a T-pipe to the output endpiece,
said T-pipe being connected to the ventilation duct in question with its end opposite
to the endpiece and having an opening 90° relative to said ends, through which it
is possible, with the aid of a mirror for example, to inspect the interior of the
fire damper. This opening is rotatable 360° by rotating the entire T-pipe to the desired
position, which facilitates access to the opening. During operation the opening is
covered by an inspection lid in the center of which a smoke detector is suitably mounted.
1. Control system for preventing the spreading of fire and smoke in a ventilation system,
comprising at least one damper unit (101,233,365) being supplied with at least one
damper device (4,50), which is manoeuvrable between a starting point and a working
position and by which an interruption in the energy supply, which is unintentional
or which is initiated via sensing means, causes an automatic return of the damper
device (4,50) to its starting point, and a central unit (20) being provided for remote
control and monitoring of said damper unit (101,233, 365), characterised in that the damper unit is connectable to the central unit (20) and at least one further
damper unit (102,234,366) as well, by means of at least one digital control circuit
(100,200,300) in the form of a loop (101-132;233-264;365-396).
2. System according to claim 1, characterised in that the sensing means provided for each damper unit (101-396) comprise with the
same interconnectable smoke detectors and thermo switches.
3. System according to claim 1 or 2, characterised in that a predetermined number of damper units (101-396) are connectable to the central
unit (20).
4. System according to one of claims 1-3, characterised in that the central unit (20) is provided with a display having signal lamps, which
have different colours depending on what type of alarm is to be indicated.
5. System according to one of claims 1-4, characterised in that the damper device is provided with at least one damper shaft (6;28), said shaft
being moveable between a starting position and a working position corresponding to
the starting point and the working position of the damper device (4,50), by means
of cooperation between at least a first motor (7;36) and the biasing force of at least
a first spring (17;52) and said shaft being lockable in the starting position by means
of a blocking element (10;42).
6. System according to claim 5, characterised in that the shaft (6;28), upon an interruption in the energy supply, is lockable in
the starting position by means of said blocking element in the form of a pawl or blocking
arm (10;42), which is influenced by a second spring (16;56) and be re-released by
means of a second motor (13;38) joined to said blocking arm or pawl.
7. System according to claim 6, characterised in that the first motor is a rotary motor (7;36) which has an output shaft with a drive
pinion (8;32) which, at least when the second motor (13;38) is actuated, is in engagement
with a rotary element (5;30) which is mounted on the shaft (6;28).
8. System according to claim 6 or 7, characterised in that the pawl or blocking arm (10;42) assumes its engagement position, blocking at
least in one rotational direction of the shaft (6;28) when the actuation of the motors
ceases, and that the pawl or blocking arm (10;42) can be moved by means of the second
motor (13;38), between a position blocking the rotary element (5;30), in which the
shaft (6;28) is held in its starting position, and a position releasing the rotary
element (5;30).
9. System according to one of claims 6-8, characterised in that the first spring (17;52), which is mounted on the shaft (6;28) together with
the rotary element (5;30) can be tensioned by simultaneous actuation of both the first
(7;36) and the second (13;38) motor via the pinion (8,32) and the rotary element (5;30)
at the same time as the shaft (6;28) can be rotated to its working position.
10. System according to one of claims 6-9, characterised in that the spring energy accumulated during the actuation of the motors (7;36,13;38)
in the tensioned first spring (17;52) can be released via the rotary element (5;30)
to the shaft (6;28) when the actuation of the motors ceases.
11. System according to one of claims 6-10, characterised in that the working position of the shaft (6;28) corresponds to a completely open position
of a damper (50), non-rotatably joined to the shaft, while the starting position of
the shaft (6;28) corresponds to the completely closed position of the damper, and
that the damper in the closed position is in sealing contact with abutments (2,3;62)
located on either side of the shaft.
12. System according to one of claims 6-11, characterised in that the first motor is a rotary motor (36) of a drive unit (31) which is fixedly
mountable relative to the shaft (6;28) in such a manner that a ball bearing (64) arranged
concentrically with the pinion (32) of the drive unit is moved into contact with an
abutment (66) on the rotor element (30), which assures that there will always be a
correct play between the motor pinion (32) and the rotor element (30) when the motor
(36) is mounted in place.
13. System according to one of claims 6-11, characterised in that the rotary motor (7), which has an output shaft and a pinion (8), is pivotally
mounted about a pin (9), that the rotational position of the rotary motor about the
pin (9) depends on the actuation state of the second motor, and that the pinion (8)
is thus pivotable to or from engagement with the rotary element (5).
14. System according to claim 13, characterised in that the pin (9) also constitutes the pivot pin for the pawl (10), which is moveable
into or out of engagement with cavities located on the periphery of the rotary element
(5), thus blocking rotation of said rotary element in at least a counter-direction
to the arrow (M'), depending on the pivot position of the rotary motor (7) about the
pin (9).
15. System according to one of claims 6-14, characterised in that each damper unit has a unique digital identification code, and that the first
(7;36) and the second (13;38) motors are actuatable synchronously with each other
depending on a digital control circuit which is coupled to a central unit for remote
control and monitoring of each fire damper and its sensing means.
16. System according to one of claims 6-15, characterised in that the first spring (17;52) is a spiral spring and the second motor (13;38) is
a linear motor, that the second spring (16;56) is a compression spring, that the drive
wheel (8;32) is a pinion and that the rotary element (5;30) is a tooth segment.
17. System according to one of claims 3-16, characterised in that the number of damper units in each loop lies in an interval between one and
thirty-two, and that two loops are provided.
18. System according to one of claims 3-16, characterised in that the number of damper units in each loop lies in an interval between one and
thirty-two, and that three loops are provided.
19. System according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that each damper unit has a unique address.
20. System according to claim 19, characterised in that communication can be effected in two directions between the central unit and
each damper unit.
21. System according to claim 19, characterised in that the address is a digital identification code.
22. System according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the circuit comprises a two-wire loop.
23. System according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that fire and smoke alarm is indicated by a red signal lamp.
24. Method for preventing the spreading of fire and smoke in a ventilation system by means
of a system, comprising at least one damper unit (101, 233, 365) being supplied with
at least one damper device (4, 50), which is manoeverable between a starting point
and a working position by means of a central unit (20) and by which an interruption
in the energy supply, which is unintentional or which is initiated via sensing means,
causes an automatic return of the damper device (4, 50) to its starting point, characterised in that said central unit (20) performs remote control and monitoring of each damper
unit (101, 233, 365), which is, directly or via an adjacent damper unit, connected
to the central unit (20) by means of at least one digital control circuit (100, 200,
300) in the form of a loop (101-132;233-264;365-396).
25. Method according to claim 24, characterised in that service alarm is indicated of the control unit (20), on a display having signal
lamps, when at least one sensing means has reached a predetermined degree of contamination.
26. Method according to claim 25, characterised in that fire and smoke alarm is indicated, by means of a red signal lamp on the display,
due to the presence of smoke or over-heating, which means that the dampers in question
will be closed and blocked in their closed positions.
27. Method according to one of claims 24-26, characterised in that an electrical failure in connection with a damper unit (101, 233, 365) will
cause the dampers (4, 50) in question to be closed and blocked in their closed positions,
which will be indicated on the display.
28. Method according to one of claims 24-27, characterised in that an individual function check of any selected damper (4, 50) is controllable
from the central unit (20).
29. Method according to claim 28, characterised in that an automatic function check is performable at predetermined time intervals.
30. Method according to one of claims 24-29, characterised in that the supply of current is broken to the fans in question, by means of the central
unit (20), during alarm and during the automatic function check.
31. Method according to one of claims 24-30, characterised in that communication can be effected in two directions between the central unit and
a telenet work.
32. Method according to one of claims 24-30, characterised in that communication can be effected in two directions between the central unit and
a superior computer.
33. System according to one of claims 1-23, characterised in that the central unit is a microprocessor (20).
1. Steuersystem zur Verhinderung des Ausbreitens von Feuer und Rauch in einem Ventilationssystem,
bestehend aus wenigstens einer Klappeneinheit (101, 233, 365), die mit wenigstens
einer Klappenvorrichtung (4, 50) versehen ist, die zwischen einem Startpunkt und einer
Arbeitsposition betätigbar ist und durch die eine Unterbrechung der Energieversorgung,
die unbeabsichtigt ist oder die über eine Sensoreinrichtung ausgelöst wird, eine automatische
Rückstellung der Klappenvorrichtung (4, 50) zu ihrem Startpunkt bewirkt, und einer
Zentraleinheit (20), die zur Fernsteuerung und -Kontrolle der Klappeneinheit (101,
233, 365) vorgesehen ist,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß
die Klappeneinheit mit der Zentraleinheit (20) und auch mit wenigstens einer weiteren
Klappeneinheit (102, 234, 366) mittels wenigstens einer digitalen Steuerschaltung
(100, 200, 300) in Form einer Schleife (101-132; 233-264; 365-396) verbindbar ist.
2. System nach Anspruch 1,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß
die Sensoreinrichtung, die für jede Klappeneinheit (101-396) vorgesehen ist, die gleichen
verbindbaren Rauchmelder und Thermoschalter aufweisen.
3. System nach Anspruch 1 oder 2,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß
eine vorbestimmte Anzahl von Klappeneinheiten (101-396) mit der Zentraleinheit (20)
verbindbar sind.
4. System nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß
die Zentraleinheit (20) mit einem Display versehen ist, das Signallampen hat, die
unterschiedliche Farben in Abhängigkeit vom anzuzeigenden Alarmtyp aufweisen.
5. System nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß
die Klappenvorrichtung mit wenigstens einer Klappenwelle (6; 28) versehen ist, die
zwischen einer Startposition und einer Arbeitsposition entsprechend dem Startpunkt
und dem Arbeitspunkt der Klappenvorrichtung (4, 50) durch Zusammenarbeit zwischen
wenigstens einem ersten Motor (7; 36) und der Vorspannkraft wenigstens einer ersten
Feder (17; 52) verstellbar und in der Startposition mittels eines Blockierelements
(10; 42) verriegelbar ist.
6. System nach Anspruch 5,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß
die Welle (6; 28) bei einer Unterbrechung der Energieversorgung in der Startposition
mittels des Blockierelements in Form einer Klaue oder eines Blockierarms (10; 42)
verriegelbar ist, die bzw. der durch eine zweite Feder (16; 56) beeinflußt und mittels
eines zweiten Motors (13; 38) wieder freigegeben wird, der mit dem Blockierarm oder
der Klaue verbunden ist.
7. System nach Anspruch 6,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß
der erste Motor ein Drehmotor (7; 36) ist, der eine Ausgangswelle mit einem Antriebsritzel
(8; 32) hat, das wenigstens, wenn der zweite Motor (13; 38) betätigt wird, mit einem
Drehelement (5; 30) in Eingriff ist, das auf der Welle (6; 28) sitzt.
8. System nach Anspruch 6 oder 7,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß
die Klaue bzw. der Blockierarm (10; 42) seine Eingriffsposition einnimmt und wenigstens
in einer Drehrichtung der Welle (6; 28) blockiert, wenn die Betätigung des Motors
aufhört, und daß die Klaue bzw. der Blockierarm (10; 42) mittels des zweiten Motors
(13; 38) zwischen einer das Drehelement (5; 30) blockierenden Position, in der die
Welle (6; 28) in ihrer Startposition gehalten wird, und einer das Drehelement (5;
30) freigebenden Position verstellt werden kann.
9. System nach einem der Ansprüche 6 bis 8,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß
die erste Feder (17; 52), die auf der Welle (6; 28) zusammen mit dem Drehelement (5;
30) sitzt, durch gleichzeitige Betätigung des ersten (7; 36) und des zweiten Motors
(13; 38) über das Ritzel (8; 32) und das Drehelement (5; 30) gleichzeitig wie die
Welle (6; 28) in ihre Arbeitsposition gedreht werden kann, gespannt werden kann.
10. System nach einem der Ansprüche 6 bis 9,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß
die während der Betätigung der Motoren (7; 36, 13; 38) in der ersten gespannten Feder
(17; 52) gespeicherte Energie über das Drehelement (5; 30) an die Welle (6; 28) abgegeben
werden kann, wenn die Betätigung der Motoren aufhört.
11. System nach einem der Ansprüche 6 bis 10,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß
die Arbeitsposition der Welle (6; 28) der vollständig offenen Position einer Klappe
(50) entspricht, die drehfest mit der Welle verbunden ist, während die Startposition
der Welle (6; 28) der vollständig geschlossenen Position der Klappe entspricht, und
daß die Klappe in der geschlossenen Position mit Anschlägen (2, 3; 62) in dichtendem
Kontakt steht, die sich auf beiden Seiten der Welle befinden.
12. System nach einem der Ansprüche 6 bis 11,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß
der erste Motor ein Drehmotor (36) einer Antriebseinheit (31) ist, die relativ zur
Welle (6; 28) derart fest montierbar ist, daß ein Kugellager (64), das konzentrisch
zum Ritzel (32) der Antriebseinheit angeordnet ist, in Kontakt mit einem Anschlag
(66) auf dem Drehelement (30) verstellt wird, das sicherstellt, daß stets ein fehlerfreies
Spiel zwischen dem Motorritzel (32) und dem Drehelement (30) vorhanden ist, wenn der
Motor (36) an der Einsatzstelle montiert ist.
13. System nach einem der Ansprüche 6 bis 12,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß
der Drehmotor (7) der eine Ausgangswelle und ein Ritzel (8) hat, um einen Stift (9)
schwenkbar gelagert ist, daß die Drehposition des Drehmotors um den Stift (9) vom
Betätigungszustand des zweiten Motors abhängt, und daß das Ritzel (8) somit in Eingriff
oder außer Eingriff mit dem Drehelement (5) schwenkbar ist.
14. System nach Anspruch 13,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß
der Stift (9) auch den Schwenkstift für die Klaue (10) bildet, die in oder außer Eingriff
mit Ausnehmungen verstellbar ist, die sich im Umfang des Drehelements (5) befinden,
so daß die Drehung des Drehelements in wenigstens einer Gegenrichtung zum Pfeil (M')
in Abhängigkeit von der Schwenkposition des Drehmotors um den Stift (9) blockiert
wird.
15. System nach einem der Ansprüche 6 bis 14,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß
jede Klappeneinheit einen eindeutigen digitalen Identifizierungscode hat, und daß
der erste (7; 36) und zweite Motor (13; 38) synchron miteinander in Abhängigkeit von
einem digitalen Steuerkreis betätigbar sind, der mit einer Zentraleinheit zur Fernsteuerung
und -Kontrolle jeder Feuerklappe und ihrer Sensoreinrichtung gekoppelt ist.
16. System nach einem der Ansprüche 6 bis 15,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß
die erste Feder (7; 52) eine Spiralfeder, und der zweite Motor (13; 38) ein Linearmotor
ist, daß die zweite Feder (16; 56) eine Kompressionsfeder ist, daß das Antriebsrad
(8; 32) ein Ritzel ist, und daß das Drehelement (5; 30) ein Zahnsegment ist.
17. System nach einem der Ansprüche 6 bis 16,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß
die Anzahl der Klappeneinheiten in jeder Schleife in einem Intervall zwischen eins
und zweiundreißig liegt, und daß zwei Schleifen vorgesehen sind.
18. System nach einem der Ansprüche 3 bis 16,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß
die Anzahl der Klappeneinheiten in jeder Schleife in einem Intervall zwischen eins
und zweiunddreißig liegt, und daß drei Schleifen vorgesehen sind.
19. System nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß
jede Klappeneinheit eine eindeutige Adresse hat.
20. System nach Anspruch 19,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß
die Verbindung in zwei Richtungen zwischen der Zentraleinheit und jeder Klappeneinheit
hergestellt werden kann.
21. System nach Anspruch 19,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß
die Adresse ein digitaler Identifizierungscode ist.
22. System nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß
die Schaltung eine Zweidrahtschleife umfaßt.
23. System nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß
der Feuer- und Rauchalarm durch eine rote Signallampe angezeigt wird.
24. Verfahren zum Verhindern des Ausbreitens von Feuer und Rauch in einem Ventilationssystem
mittels eines Systems, das wenigstens eine Klappeneinheit (101, 233, 365) aufweist,
die mit wenigstens einer Klappenvorrichtung (4, 50) versehen ist, die zwischen einem
Startpunkt und einer Arbeitsposition mittels einer Zentraleinheit (20) verstellbar
ist und durch die eine Unterbrechung der Energieversorgung, die unbeabsichtigt ist
oder die über eine Sensoreinrichtung ausgelöst wird, eine automatische Rückstellung
der Klappenvorrichtung 4, 50 zu ihrem Startpunkt bewirkt,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß
die Zentraleinheit (20) die Fernsteuerung und -Kontrolle jeder Klappeneinheit (101,
233, 365) durchführt, die direkt oder über eine benachbarte Klappeneinheit mit der
Zentraleinheit (20) mittels wenigstens eines digitalen Steuerkreises (100, 200, 300)
in Form einer Schleife (101-132; 233-264; 365-396) verbunden ist.
25. Verfahren nach Anspruch 24,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß
ein Wartungsalarm von der Steuereinheit (20) an einem Display, das Signallampen hat,
angezeigt wird, wenn wenigstens eine Sensoreinrichtung einen bestimmten Kontaminationsgrad
erreicht hat.
26. Verfahren nach Anspruch 25,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß
ein Feuer- und Rauchalarm mittels einer roten Signallampe am Display infolge des Auftretens
von Rauch oder einer Überhitzung angezeigt wird, was bedeutet, daß die fraglichen
Klappen geschlossen und in ihren geschlossenen Positionen blockiert werden.
27. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 24 bis 26,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß
ein elektrischer Ausfall in der Verbindung mit einer Klappeneinheit (101, 233, 3659
bewirkt, daß die fraglichen Klappen (4, 50) geschlossen und ihren geschlossenen Positionen
blockiert werden, was auf dem Display angezeigt wird.
28. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 24 bis 27,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß
eine individuelle Funktionskontrolle irgendeiner ausgewählten Klappe (4, 50) von der
Zentraleinheit (20) aus steuerbar ist.
29. Verfahren nach Anspruch 28,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß
eine automatische Funktionskontrolle in bestimmten Zeitintervallen durchführbar ist.
30. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 24 bis 29,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß
die Zufuhr von Strom in den fraglichen Ventilatoren mittels der Zentraleinheit (20)
während eines Alarms und während der automatischen Funktionskontrolle unterbrochen
wird.
31. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 24 bis 30,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß
die Verbindung in zwei Richtungen zwischen der Zentraleinheit und einem Fernmeldenetzwerk
bewirkt werden kann.
32. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 24 bis 30,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß
die Verbindung in zwei Richtungen zwischen der Zentraleinheit und einem übergeordneten
Computer bewirkt werden kann.
33. System nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 23,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß
die Zentraleinheit ein Mikroprozessor ist.
1. Système de commande destiné à empêcher la propagation du feu et de la fumée dans un
système de ventilation, comprenant au moins une unité d'étouffement ou coupe-feu (101,
233, 365) qui est équipée d'au moins un dispositif d'étouffement ou coupe-feu (4,
50), qui peut être manoeuvrée entre un point de départ et une position de travail
et par laquelle une interruption de l'alimentation en énergie, qui est involontaire
ou qui est amorcée par l'intermédiaire de moyens de détection, entraîne le retour
automatique du dispositif coupe-feu (4, 50) à son point de départ, et une unité centrale
(20) qui est prévue pour commander et surveiller à distance ladite unité coupe-feu
(101, 233, 365), caractérisé en ce que l'unité coupe-feu peut être reliée à l'unité
centrale (20) et au moins également une autre unité coupe-feu (102, 234, 366), à l'aide
d'au moins un circuit de commande numérique (100, 200, 300) sous la forme d'une boucle
(101 à 132 ; 233 à 264 ; 365 à 396).
2. Système selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que les moyens de détection prévus
sur chaque unité coupe-feu (101 à 396) comprennent les mêmes détecteurs de fumée et
commutateurs thermiques qui peuvent être reliés les uns aux autres.
3. Système selon la revendication 1 ou 2, caractérisé en ce qu'un nombre prédéterminé
d'unité coupe-feu (101 à 396) peut être relié à l'unité centrale (20).
4. Système selon l'une des revendications 1 à 3, caractérisé en ce que l'unité centrale
(20) est équipée d'un panneau de visualisation ayant des lampes de signal qui présentent
différentes couleurs en fonction du type d'avertissement à indiquer.
5. Système selon l'une des revendications 1 à 4, caractérisé en ce que le dispositif
coupe-feu est muni d'au moins un arbre de coupe-feu (6 ; 28), ledit arbre étant mobile
entre une position de départ et une position de travail correspondant au point de
départ et à la position de travail du dispositif coupe-feu (4, 50), au moyen de la
coopération entre au moins un premier moteur (7 ; 36) et la force de sollicitation
d'au moins un premier ressort (17 ; 52) et ledit arbre pouvant être bloqué dans la
position de départ à l'aide d'un élément de blocage (10 ; 42).
6. Système selon la revendication 5, caractérisé en ce que l'arbre (6 ; 28), lors d'une
interruption de l'alimentation en énergie, peut être bloqué dans la position de départ
à l'aide dudit élément de blocage sous la forme d'un cliquet ou bras de blocage (10
; 42), qui est influencé par un second ressort (16 ; 56) et qui est de nouveau libéré
à l'aide d'un second moteur (13 ; 38) relié audit bras de blocage ou cliquet.
7. Système selon la revendication 6, caractérisé en ce que le premier moteur est un moteur
rotatif (7 ; 36) qui possède un arbre de sortie muni d'un pignon d'entraînement (8
; 32) qui, au moins lorsque le second moteur (13 ; 38) est actionné, vient en prise
avec un élément rotatif (5 ; 30) qui est monté sur l'arbre (6 ; 28).
8. Système selon la revendication 6 ou 7, caractérisé en ce que le cliquet ou bras de
blocage (10 ; 42) prend sa position de mise en prise, se bloquant au moins dans une
direction de rotation de l'arbre (6 ; 28) lorsque l'actionnement des moteurs cesse,
et en ce que le cliquet ou bras de blocage (10 ; 42) peut être déplacé, a l'aide du
second moteur (13 ; 38), entre une position bloquant l'élément rotatif (5 ; 30), dans
lequel l'arbre (6 ; 28) est maintenu dans sa position de départ, et une position libérant
l'élément rotatif (5 ; 30).
9. Système selon l'une des revendications 6 à 8, caractérisé en ce que le premier ressort
(17 ; 52), qui est monté sur l'arbre (6 ; 28) conjointement avec l'élément rotatif
(5 ; 30) peut être tendu en actionnant en même temps à la fois le premier (7 ; 36)
et le second (13 ; 38) moteur par l'intermédiaire du pignon (8, 32) et de l'élément
rotatif (5 ; 30) en même temps que l'arbre (6 ; 28) peut être tourné dans sa position
de travail.
10. Système selon l'une des revendications 6 à 9, caractérisé en ce que l'énergie élastique
accumulée lors de l'actionnement des moteurs (7 ; 36, 13 ; 38) dans le premier ressort
tendu (17 ; 52) peut être libérée par l'intermédiaire de l'élément rotatif (5 ; 30)
vers l'arbre (6 ; 28) lorsque l'actionnement du moteur cesse.
11. Système selon l'une des revendications 6 à 10, caractérisé en ce que la position de
travail de l'arbre (6 ; 28) correspond à une position complètement ouverte d'un clapet
coupe-feu (50), relié à l'arbre de manière non rotative, tandis que la position de
départ de l'arbre (6 ; 28) correspond à la position complètement fermée du clapet
coupe-feu, et en ce que le clapet coupe-feu dans la position fermée est en contact
étanche avec des butées (2, 3 ; 62) situés des deux côtés de l'arbre.
12. Système selon l'une des revendications 6 à 11, caractérisé en ce que le premier moteur
est un moteur rotatif (36) d'une unité d'entraînement (31) qui peut être monté de
manière fixe par rapport à l'arbre (6 ; 28), de telle sorte qu'un roulement à billes
(64) agencé concentriquement par rapport au pignon (32) de l'unité d'entraînement
soit déplacé pour venir en contact avec une butée (66) sur l'élément de rotor (30),
qui assure qu'il y a toujours un jeu correct entre le pignon de moteur (32) et l'élément
de rotor (30) lorsque le moteur (36) est monté en place.
13. Système selon l'une des revendications 6 à 11, caractérisé en ce que le moteur rotatif
(7), qui possède un arbre de sortie et un pignon (8), est monté de manière à tourner
autour d'une broche (9), en ce que la position de rotation du moteur rotatif autour
de la broche (9) dépend de l'état d'actionnement du second moteur, et en ce que le
pignon (8) peut ainsi pivoter ou venir en prise avec l'élément rotatif (5) ou se dégager
de ce dernier.
14. Système selon la revendication 13, caractérisé en ce que la broche (9) constitue également
la broche de pivotement du cliquet (10), qui est mobile pour venir en prise ou se
dégager des cavités situées sur la périphérie de l'élément rotatif (5), bloquant ainsi
la rotation dudit élément rotatif dans au moins une direction inverse par rapport
à la flèche (M'), en fonction de la position de pivotement du moteur rotatif (7) autour
de la broche (9).
15. Système selon l'une des revendications 6 à 14, caractérisé en ce que chaque unité
coupe-feu possède un code d'identification numérique unique, et en ce que le premier
(7 ; 36) et le second (13 ; 38) moteur peuvent être actionnés de manière synchrone
l'un avec l'autre en fonction d'un circuit de commande numérique qui est couplé à
une unité centrale pour réaliser la commande à distance et la surveillance de chaque
clapet coupe-feu et de ses moyens de détection.
16. Système selon l'une des revendications 6 à 15, caractérisé en ce que le premier ressort
(17 ; 52) est un ressort en spirale et le second moteur (13 ; 38) est un moteur linéaire,
en ce que le second ressort (16 ; 56) est un ressort de compression, en ce que la
roue menante (8 ; 32) est un pignon et en ce que l'élément rotatif (5 ; 30) est un
segment denté.
17. Système selon l'une des revendications 3 à 16, caractérisé en ce que le nombre d'unités
coupe-feu dans chaque boucle se trouve dans un intervalle compris entre 1 et 32, et
en ce que deux boucles sont prévues.
18. Système selon l'une des revendications 3 à 16, caractérisé en ce que le nombre d'unités
coupe-feu dans chaque boucle se trouve dans un intervalle compris entre 1 et 32, et
en ce que trois boucles sont prévues.
19. Système selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que chaque unité
coupe-feu possède une adresse unique.
20. Système selon la revendication 19, caractérisé en ce qu'on peut établir une communication
dans les deux sens entre l'unité centrale et chaque unité coupe-feu.
21. Système selon la revendication 19, caractérisé en ce que l'adresse est un code d'identification
numérique.
22. Système selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que le circuit
comprend une boucle à deux fils.
23. Système selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que l'alarme
incendie/fumée est indiquée par une lampe de signal rouge.
24. Procédé destiné à empêcher la propagation du feu et de la fumée dans un système de
ventilation à l'aide d'un système, comprenant au moins une unité d'étouffement ou
coupe-feu (101, 233, 365) qui est équipée d'au moins un dispositif d'étouffement ou
coupe-feu (4, 50), qui peut être manoeuvrée entre un point de départ et une position
de travail à l'aide d'une unité centrale (20) et par laquelle une interruption de
l'alimentation en énergie, qui est involontaire ou qui est amorcée par l'intermédiaire
de moyens de détection, entraîne un retour automatique du dispositif coupe-feu (4,
50) à son point de départ, caractérisé en ce que ladite unité centrale (20) réalise
une commande à distance et une surveillance de chaque unité coupe-feu (101, 233, 365),
qui est, directement ou par l'intermédiaire d'une unité coupe-feu adjacente, reliée
à l'unité centrale (20) à l'aide d'au moins un circuit de commande numérique (100,
200, 300) sous la forme d'une boucle (101 à 132 ; 233 à 264 ; 365 à 396).
25. Procédé selon la revendication 24, caractérisé en ce que l'alarme de service est indiquée
sur l'unité de commande (20), sur un panneau de visualisation ayant des lampes de
signal, lorsqu'au moins un moyen de détection a atteint un degré de contamination
prédéterminé.
26. Procédé selon la revendication 25, caractérisé en ce que l'alarme incendie/fumée est
indiquée à l'aide d'une lampe de signal rouge sur le panneau de visualisation, en
raison de la présence de fumée ou d'une surchauffe, ce qui signifie que les clapets
coupe-feu en question se ferment et se bloquent dans leur position fermée.
27. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 24 à 26, caractérisé en ce qu'une défaillance
électrique d'une unité coupe-feu (101, 233, 365) amène les clapets coupe-feu (4, 50)
en question à se fermer et à se bloquer dans leur position fermée, ce qui sera indiqué
sur le panneau de visualisation.
28. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 24 à 27, caractérisé en ce qu'une vérification
de fonctionnement individuelle de n'importe quel clapet coupe-feu sélectionné (4,
50) peut être commandée de l'unité centrale (20).
29. Procédé selon la revendication 28, caractérisé en ce qu'une vérification de fonctionnement
automatique peut être réalisée à intervalles de temps prédéterminés.
30. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 24 à 29, caractérisé en ce que l'alimentation
en courant électrique est coupée vers les ventilateurs en question, à l'aide de l'unité
centrale (20) pendant l'alarme et pendant la vérification de fonctionnement automatique.
31. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 24 à 30, caractérisé en ce qu'on peut établir
une communication dans les deux sens entre l'unité centrale et un réseau à distance.
32. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 24 à 30, caractérisé en ce qu'on peut établir
une communication dans les deux sens entre l'unité centrale et un ordinateur supérieur.
33. Système selon l'une des revendications 1 à 23, caractérisé en ce que l'unité centrale
est un microprocesseur (20).