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(11) | EP 0 951 956 B1 |
| (12) | EUROPEAN PATENT SPECIFICATION |
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| (54) |
Method and apparatus for casting articles in sand moulds Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Giessen in Sandformen Procédé et dispositif pour coulée dans les moules en sable |
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| Note: Within nine months from the publication of the mention of the grant of the European patent, any person may give notice to the European Patent Office of opposition to the European patent granted. Notice of opposition shall be filed in a written reasoned statement. It shall not be deemed to have been filed until the opposition fee has been paid. (Art. 99(1) European Patent Convention). |
TECHNICAL FIELD
[0001] The present invention relates to a method of casting articles in sand moulds, said method being of the kind set forth in the preamble of claim 1.
BACKGROUND ART
[0002] In previous methods of this kind, problems have been encountered, partly due to sand particles from the mould contaminating the part of the unit for supplying molten metal to the mould adapted to co-operate with the surface of the mould around the inlet end of the filling duct leading to the casting cavities. Such contamination will, of course, make it impossible to achieve a liquid-tight seal with the next mould in succession to be filled. With said previous methods there is also a risk that molten metal can solidify on the part of the supply unit referred to, thus aggravating the difficulties caused by the contamination with sand particles. Even in the absence of these problems, it is difficult to achieve a liquid-tight seal between the supply unit and the surface of each and every sand mould around the inlet end of each filling duct, because the very manner of manufacturing the sand moulds - usually carried out in associated machinery - does not provide a perfectly smooth surface, with which e.g. a mouthpiece on the supply unit can co-operate in a sealing manner.
[0003] US-A-4,733,744 discloses a method in which the mould inlet is provided with a rigid sealing ring that is adapted to come into sealing contact with the duct connector. This moulding process inlcudes rotating the mould around the mould inlet. In order for the sealing engagement to be maintained during such a rotation, a perfect alignment between the sealing ring and the duct connector and a low friction between these two elements are prerequisites.
DISCLOSURE OF THE INVENTION
[0004] It is the object of the present invention to provide a method of the kind referred to above, with which it is possible to provide a liquid-tight seal between sealing element and a supply duct also when they are not perfectly aligned, and this object is achieved by proceeding in the manner set forth in the characterizing clause of claim 1. By using a sealing element in the manner referred to, it is possible to provide a liquid-tight seal even under difficult circumstances such as misalignment and sand contamination. The use of a sealing element in the manner referred to, the method can be carried out so as to achieve a separation between the functions of sealing the connection between the supply unit, usually a molten-metal pump, and the filling duct or runner, and the function of closing the latter when the filling has been completed. Such a separation can be achieved by proceeding in the manner set forth in claims 5-11.
[0005] Advantageous embodiments of the method of the invention, the effects of which - beyond what is obvious - are explained in the following detailed part of the present description, are set forth in claims 1-11, of which claims 5-11 were mentioned in the preceding paragraph.
[0006] The present invention also relates to an apparatus for carrying out the method of the invention. This apparatus is of the kind set forth in the preambles of claims 12-15, and, according to various aspects of the present invention, are characterized by the features set forth in the characterizing clauses of these claims 12-15, respectively.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0007] In the following detailed part of the present description, the invention will be explained in more detail with reference to the exemplary embodiments of apparatus according to the invention shown in the drawings, in which
Figures 1-4 illustrate four steps in the casting process when using moulds having a closure member according to a first embodiment, and
Figures 5 and 6 show the relevant part of moulds having closure members according to a second and a third embodiment, respectively.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
[0008] Figure 1 shows a part of a sand mould 1, preferably one of a number of similar sand moulds forming a so-called mould string used in the mass production of cast metal objects, e.g. by using a combined mould-making and casting machine of the DISAMATIC® type. The mould string extends and moves in a direction at right angles to the drawing. The mould 1 comprises a filling duct in the form of a runner 2, the right-hand end of which is adapted to co-operate sealingly with a mouthpiece 3 on a metal pump 4 adapted to supply molten metal (not shown) under pressure to the runner 2, the latter leading into one or a number of mould cavities (not shown) formed in the mould 1. The mould 1 comprises a closure member 5 extending from an outwardly open recess 6 in the side of the mould 1 facing the metal pump 4 to the runner 2, and can be pushed into the closing position shown in Figures 3 and 4 by a pusher arm 7 adapted to be reciprocated in a vertical or inclined direction by a suitable mechanism (not shown). The right-hand end of the runner 2 is surrounded by a sealing element, in this exemplary embodiment in the form of a ring 8 adapted to make a liquid-tight seal of the connection between the mouthpiece 3 of the metal pump 4 and the runner 2, when the metal pump is brought into engagement as shown in Figure 2. The sealing element can also have other shapes than that of a ring, provided that it can seal the connection between the mouthpiece 3 and the runner 2 outwardly.
[0009] In the situation shown in Figure 1, the mould 1 has just arrived from the mould-making station, the latter comprising means, such as a core setter, for inserting the closure member 5, as well as the sealing ring 8, in the positions in Figure 1.
[0010] In the situation shown in Figure 2, the metal pump 4 has been moved a short distance to the left so as to make the mouthpiece 3 engage sealingly with the sealing ring 8. At this stage, pressure is applied to the molten metal in the pump 4 so as to flow through the mouthpiece 3 and the runner 2 into the above-mentioned casting cavities.
[0011] When the casting cavities have been filled - this may be ascertained by means of suitable sensors (not shown) - the actuating mechanism (not shown) for the pusher arm 7 is actuated to move the pusher arm into the position shown in Figure 3, thus pushing the closure member 5 into the closing position shown, thus closing the runner 2. When the closure member 5 has been moved into the closing position shown in Figure 3, and the outflow pressure of the metal pump 4 has been reduced, the pump may be withdrawn from the mould 1 to the position shown in Figure 4, so as to be in readiness for filling the next mould in succession. Before the pump 4 is withdrawn, the pusher arm 7 is withdrawn to its initial position shown in Figures 1 and 2, and the closure member 5 will remain in its closing position.
[0012] Before moving the mould 1 towards the next station so as to make it possible to place a new mould in the filling station shown, the pusher arm 7 is moved towards the right out of the recess 6 in order to allow this movement, being moved back into position as soon as the next mould is in the position shown for the mould 1.
[0013] The sealing ring 8 is preferably made of a material providing the best possible seal with the mouthpiece 3. A sealing ring 8 made from fibres of ceramic material, e.g. aluminium oxide or silicon oxide, has proved useful, but other materials are, of course, possible. Practical trials have been based on using so-called ISO tube tube consisting of 37% aluminium oxide, 58% silicon oxide, 2% iron oxide and the remainder sodium and potassium oxides.
[0014] The sealing ring 8 not only provides a liquid-tight seal, but it also prevents direct contact between the mould 1 and the mouthpiece 3, thus avoiding contamination of the latter with particles of sand that can easily come loose from the mould. Further, because of its resilient properties, the sealing ring 8 is also capable of accommodating minor variations in the relative positions of the runner 2 and the mouthpiece 3, bearing in mind that the latter will have to co-operate with a great number of moulds passing through the filling station. Still further, because of its heat-insulating properties, the sealing ring 8 prevents molten metal from solidifying in contact with the mouthpiece 3 - otherwise, this could disturb the engagement of the latter with the sealing ring on the next mould.
[0015] The movements and activities of the various parts are, of course, controlled by suitable automatic control equipment. Persons skilled in the art of automatic metal casting will know how to devise and construct such control equipment, for which reason it should not be necessary to describe it in detail in the present description.
[0016] Figures 5 and 6 illustrate two altered embodiments of the arrangement for closing the runner 2.
[0017] In the embodiment shown in Figure 5, the plug-like closure member 5 shown in Figures 1-4 is replaced by a closure blade 9 adapted to be pushed into the closing position (not shown) by a pusher finger 10 attached to the pusher arm 7. Like the closure member 5 shown in Figures 1-4, the closure blade 9 is inserted into the mould in the mould-making station, preferably by means of a core setter.
[0018] In the embodiment shown in Figure 6, the mould 1 will arrive in the filling station without a closure member; this can be necessary if the mould-making station does not comprise a core setter or other equipment capable of inserting a closure member. Instead, the closing function is provided by means of a closure blade 11 held temporarily by a gripper 12 secured to the pusher arm 7. With this arrangement, a new closure blade 11 will be inserted into the gripper 12, when the pusher arm 7 is in a position (not shown) away from the mould 1, such as by a suitable control robot (also not shown).
[0019] If the closure member 5 is made from compacted core sand and the closure blades 9 and 11 are made from the same material as is used for casting, it will not be necessary to take special care for removing them from the metal having solidified in the ingate system and to be returned for re-melting surplus metal after extraction and liberation of the castings.
[0020] In an embodiment (not shown), the closure member 5 is replaced by a water-cooled closure member, preferably attached to a movable member externally of the mould 1, such as one similar to the pusher arm 7. In this case, the water-cooled closure member is pulled out and away from the runner 2 as soon as the metal in the latter has solidified to an extent sufficient to prevent the metal closer to the mould cavity from flowing out.
LIST OF PARTS
a) providing a sand mould (1) having
a1) at least one casting cavity with a shape corresponding to the shape of the article or articles to be cast, and
a2) a filling duct (2) leading from an external opening in said mould (1) to said casting cavity or cavities,
b) providing a supply unit for molten metal and having
b1) a space for accommodating said molten metal,
b2) means (4) for pressurizing said space, and
b3) a duct connector (3) for temporarily connecting said space to said external opening in said mould,
c) bringing said supply unit into operative engagement with said mould (1) in a manner to bring said duct connector (3) into engagement with said external opening,
d) filling said casting cavity or cavities by operating said pressurizing means (4),
e) bringing said supply unit out of said operative engagement, and
f) when solidified, removing said article or articles from said mould (1),
characterized byg) in step a providing a casting mould (1) having around said external opening a sealing element (8) of resiliently deformable, heat-resistant and heat-insulating material capable of forming a liquid-tight seal between said mould (1) around said external opening and said duct connector (3), and by carrying out step c in a manner to deform said sealing element (8) into sealing engagement
a) the use of a mould (1), in which a recess (6) is formed in the same side as said external opening, from which recess (6) a closure member (5) may be inserted in said filling duct (2) so as to close the latter against flow of molten metal therethrough, and
b) between steps d and e in claim 1 inserting said closure member (5) into said filling duct (2) so as to close the latter against flow of metal therethrough.
a) a conveyor means for bringing moulds (1) into and out of a filling station, and
b) mould-filling means (3,4) placed in said filling station and adapted to be brought into temporary engagement with said mould (1) in succession in a manner establishing flow connection to filling ducts (2) in said moulds (1),
characterized byc) said mould-filling means (3,4) being provided with a mouthpiece (3) capable of co-operating sealingly with a resiliently deformable sealing element (8) surrounding the inlet end of said filling duct (2) on each mould (1), and by said mould-filling means (3,4) being adapted to deform said sealing element (8) into sealing engagement with the mouthpiece (3).
a) a conveyor means for bringing moulds (1) into and out of a filling station, and
b) mould-filling means (3,4) placed in said filling station and adapted to be brought into temporary engagement with said mould (1) in succession in a manner establishing flow connection to filling ducts (2) in said moulds (1),
characterized byc) in said filling station having means (7) for pushing a closure member (5;9) already present in said mould (1) into a position, in which it closes said filling duct (2).
a) a conveyor means for bringing moulds (1) into and out of a filling station, and
b) mould-filling means (3,4) placed in said filling station and adapted to be brought into temporary engagement with said mould (1) in succession in a manner establishing flow connection to filling ducts (2) in said moulds (1),
characterized byc) in said filling station having means (7,12) for temporarily gripping a closure member (11) and make same penetrate said mould (1) from said recess (6) to and into said filling duct (2) so as to close the latter.
a) a conveyor means for bringing moulds (1) into and out of a filling station, and
b) mould-filling means (3,4) placed in said filling station and adapted to be brought into temporary engagement with said mould (1) in succession in a manner establishing flow connection to filling ducts (2) in said moulds (1),
characterized byc) in said filling station having a closure member adapted to be moved into and out of closing relation to said filling conduit and to be cooled, such as by water.
a) eine Sandform (1) gebildet wird, mit
a1) zumindest einem Gußhohlraum mit einer Form entsprechend der Form des zu gießenden Gegenstands oder der zu gießenden Gegenstände, und
a2) einem Befüllungskanal (2), der von einer Außenöffnung in der Form (1) zu dem Gußhohlraum oder den Gußhohlräumen führt,
b) eine Liefereinheit für geschmolzenes Metall vorgesehen wird, mit
b1) einem Raum zur Aufnahme des geschmolzenen Metalls,
b2) einer Einrichtung (4), um den Raum unter Druck zu setzen, und
b3) einem Kanalverbinder (3), um den Raum zeitweilig mit der Außenöffnung in der Form zu verbinden,
c) die Liefereinheit in wirksamen Eingriff mit der Form (1) auf eine Art und Weise gebracht wird, so daß der Kanalverbinder (3) in Eingriff mit der Außenöffnung gebracht wird,
d) der Gußhohlraum oder die Gußhohlräume durch Betätigung der Druckeinrichtung (4) befüllt werden,
e) die Liefereinheit aus dem wirksamen Eingriff gebracht wird, und
f) nach Verfestigung der Gegenstand oder die Gegenstände aus der Form (1) entfernt wird / werden,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daßg) bei Schritt a eine Gußform (1) gebildet wird, die um die Außenöffnung herum ein Dichtungselement (8) aus elastisch verformbarem, wärmebeständigem und wärmeisolierendem Material aufweist, das eine flüssigkeitsdichte Abdichtung zwischen der Form (1) um die Außenöffnung herum und dem Kanalverbinder (3) bildet, und daß Schritt c auf eine Art und Weise ausgeführt wird, daß das Dichtungselement (8) in einen Dichtungseingriff verformt wird.
a) die Verwendung einer Form (1), in der eine Ausnehmung (6) in der gleichen Seite wie die Außenöffnung gebildet wird, wobei von dieser Ausnehmung (6) ein Verschlußelement (5) in den Befüllungskanal (2) eingesetzt werden kann, um so den letztgenannten gegen einen Fluß von geschmolzenem Metall durch diesen zu schließen, und
b) ein Einsetzen des Verschlußelements (5) zwischen den Schritten d und e in Anspruch 1 in den Befüllungskanal (2), um so den letztgenannten gegen einen Fluß von Metall durch diesen zu schließen.
a) einer Fördereinrichtung, um Formen (1) in und aus einer Befüllungsstation zu bringen, und
b) einer Formbefüllungseinrichtung (3, 4), die in der Befüllungsstation angeordnet und derart ausgebildet ist, daß sie mit der Form (1) in Folge auf eine Art und Weise in zeitweiligen Eingriff gebracht werden kann, die eine Flußverbindung zu Befüllungskanälen in den Formen (1) herstellt,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daßc) die Formbefüllungseinrichtung (3, 4) mit einem Mundstück (3) versehen ist, das mit einem elastisch verformbaren Dichtungselement (8) abdichtend zusammenwirken kann, das das Einlaßende des Befüllungskanales (2) an jeder Form (1) umgibt, und daß die Formbefüllungseinrichtung (3, 4) derart ausgebildet ist, daß sie das Dichtungselement (8) in Dichtungseingriff mit dem Mundstück (3) verformt.
a) einer Fördereinrichtung, um Formen (1) in und aus einer Befüllungsstation zu bringen, und
b) einer Formbefüllungseinrichtung (3, 4), die in der Befüllungsstation angeordnet und derart ausgebildet ist, daß sie mit der Form (1) in Folge auf eine Art und Weise in zeitweiligen Eingriff gebracht werden kann, die eine Flußverbindung zu den Befüllungskanälen (2) in den Formen (1) herstellt,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daßc) in der Befüllungsstation eine Einrichtung (7) vorgesehen ist, um ein Verschlußelement (5; 9), das bereits in der Form (1) vorliegt, in eine Stellung zu drücken, in der es den Befüllungskanal (2) schließt.
a) einer Fördereinrichtung, um Formen (1) in und aus einer Befüllungsstation zu bringen, und
b) einer Formbefüllungseinrichtung (3, 4), die in der Befüllungsstation angeordnet und derart ausgebildet ist, daß sie mit der Form (1) in Folge auf eine Art und Weise in zeitweiligen Eingriff gebracht werden kann, die eine Flußverbindung zu Befüllungskanälen (2) in den Formen (1) herstellt,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daßc) in der Befüllungsstation eine Einrichtung (7, 12) vorgesehen ist, um ein Verschlußelement (11) zeitweilig zu greifen und zu veranlassen, daß dieses von der Ausnehmung (6) zu und in den Befüllungskanal (2) eindringt, um so den letztgenannten zu schließen.
a) einer Fördereinrichtung, um Formen (1) in und aus einer Befüllungsstation zu bringen, und
b) einer Formbefüllungseinrichtung (3, 4), die in der Befüllungsstation angeordnet und derart ausgebildet ist, daß sie mit der Form (1) in Folge auf eine Art und Weise in zeitweiligen Eingriff gebracht werden kann, die eine Flußverbindung zu Befüllungskanälen (2) in den Formen (1) herstellt,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daßc) in der Befüllungsstation ein Verschlußelement vorgesehen ist, das derart ausgebildet ist, daß es in und aus einer Verschlußbeziehung zu dem Befüllungskanal bewegt werden kann, und daß es gekühlt werden kann, wie beispielsweise mit Wasser.
a) la fourniture d'un moule en sable (1) comprenant
a1) au moins une cavité de coulée présentant une forme correspondant à la forme de la pièce ou des pièces à mouler, et
a2) un conduit de remplissage (2) conduisant depuis une ouverture externe dans ledit moule (1) vers lesdites cavité ou cavités de coulée,
b) la fourniture d'une unité d'alimentation pour métal fondu et comprenant
b1) un espace pour recevoir ledit métal fondu,
b2) des moyens (4) pour pressuriser ledit espace, et
b3) un connecteur de conduit (3) pour connecter temporairement ledit espace à ladite ouverture externe dans ledit moule,
c) la mise de ladite unité d'alimentation en prise fonctionnelle avec ledit moule (1) de façon à amener ledit connecteur de conduit (3) en prise avec ladite ouverture externe,
d) le remplissage desdites cavité ou cavités de coulée en faisant fonctionner lesdits moyens de pressurisation (4).
e) le retrait de ladite unité d'alimentation de ladite prise fonctionnelle, et
f) une fois solidifiée, retrait desdites pièce ou pièces dudit moule (1),
caractérisé parg) dans l'étape a la fourniture d'un moule en sable (1), présentant autour de ladite ouverture externe un élément d'étanchéité (8) d'un matériau déformable de façon élastique, résistant à la chaleur et thermiquement isolant, capable de former une étanchéité liquide hermétique entre ledit moule (1) autour de ladite ouverture externe et ledit connecteur de conduit (3) et la conduite de l'étape c de façon à déformer ledit élément d'étanchéité (8) dans la prise d'étanchéité.
l'utilisation d'un moule (1), dans lequel un évidement (6) est formé du même côté que ladite ouverture externe, depuis lequel évidement (6) un élément de fermeture (5) peut être inséré dans ledit conduit de remplissage (2) de façon à fermer ce dernier contre l'écoulement de métal fondu par celui-ci, et
entre les étapes d et e de la revendication 1, l'insertion dudit élément de fermeture (5) dans ledit conduit de remplissage (2) de façon à fermer ce dernier contre l'écoulement de métal par celui-ci.
un moyen de transport pour conduire les moules (1) à l'intérieur et à l'extérieur d'une station de remplissage, et
des moyens de remplissage de moule (3,4) placés dans ladite station de remplissage et adaptés pour être amenés en prise temporaire avec ledit moule (1) en succession d'une façon établissant une connexion d'écoulement vers les conduits de remplissage (2) dans lesdits moules (1),
caractérisé parlesdits moyens de remplissage de moule (3,4) comprenant un embout (3) capable de coopérer de façon hermétique avec un élément d'étanchéité (8) déformable de façon élastique entourant l'extrémité d'entrée dudit conduit de remplissage (2) sur chaque moule (1), et par lesdits moyens de remplissage de moule (3,4) étant adaptés pour déformer ledit élément d'étanchéité (8) pour l'amener en prise hermétique avec l'embout (3).
un moyen de transport pour conduire les moules (1) à l'intérieur et à l'extérieur d'une station de remplissage, et
des moyens de remplissage de moule (3,4) placés dans ladite station de remplissage et adaptés pour être amenés en prise temporaire avec ledit moule (1) en succession d'une façon établissant une connexion d'écoulement vers les conduits de remplissage (2) dans lesdits moules (1),
caractérisé parladite station de remplissage comprenant des moyens (7) pour pousser un élément de fermeture (5; 9) déjà présent dans ledit moule (1) dans une position dans laquelle il ferme ledit conduit de remplissage (2).
un moyen de transport pour conduire les moules (1) à l'intérieur et à l'extérieur d'une station de remplissage, et
des moyens de remplissage de moule (3,4) placés dans ladite station de remplissage et adaptés pour être amenés en prise temporaire avec ledit moule (1) en succession d'une façon établissant une connexion d'écoulement vers les conduits de remplissage (2) dans lesdits moules (1),
caractérisé parladite station de remplissage comprenant des moyens (7,12) pour mettre en prise temporaire un élément de fermeture (11) et le faire pénétrer ledit moule (1) depuis ledit évidement (6) vers et à l'intérieur dudit conduit de remplissage (2) de façon à fermer ce dernier.
a) un moyen de transport pour conduire les moules (1) à l'intérieur et à l'extérieur d'une station de remplissage, et
b) des moyens de remplissage de moule (3,4) placés dans ladite station de remplissage et adaptés pour être amenés en prise temporaire avec ledit moule (1) en succession d'une façon établissant une connexion d'écoulement vers les conduits de remplissage (2) dans lesdits moules (1),
caractérisé parc) ladite station de remplissage comprenant un élément de fermeture adapté pour être déplacé à l'intérieur et à l'extérieur d'une relation de fermeture avec ledit conduit de remplissage et être refroidi, par exemple par l'eau.