[0001] The present invention relates to a process and a machine for forging a rod-shaped
article having a deformed portion at an end thereof. The term "a rod-shaped article
having a deformed portion at an end thereof" means in a broad sense a rod-shaped member
having a portion at least at one end thereof that is different in configuration from
the rod-shaped member, It means in a narrow sense the above-mentioned rod-shaped article
with the deformed portion having a concave or depressed region at an end thereof.
Representative examples of the rod-shaped articles having the deformed portion at
the end(s) thereof include connecting rods, spanners, and universal joint yokes. These
rod-shaped articles are conventionally produced by means of closed die forging or
full enclosed die forging.
[0002] A process for manufacturing a connecting rod by means of the closed die forging,
see e.g. "Stand und Entwicklungstendenzen beim Herstellen von Pleueln", H. Pischel,
Werkstatt und Betrieb, vol. 123, no 12, 1.12.1990, is described below. A log is cut
out of a rod material. The cut log is preformed with, for example, forging rolls.
The preformed log is then subjected to the closed die forging with a press or a hammer
into a connecting rod. The closed die forging is typically involved in four steps
: upsetting, roughing, finishing, and deburring.
[0003] The closed die forging uses upper and lower die halves and proceeds with a burr produced
at several stages of the process. More specifically, a heated log on the lower die
half is stretched outward by means of applying pressure to fill almost all cavity
of the lower die half. At the same time, the log enters the upper die half. An excessive
log is flown out of the die as a burr after the die halves are filled with the log.
The burr is immediately cooled because it is thin, increasing a deformation resistance
of the burr. As a result, the log material heated become more likely to migrate within
the die having a smaller resistance. The migrated log material fills all over the
gaps between the upper and the lower die halves. Thus, the closed die forging can
only be achieved with the formation of burrs.
[0004] However, the burrs formed at each stage mean a lower yield of the material. The yield
is typically in a range of 60-70%. Therefore, the closed die forging is not cost-effective.
[0005] The full enclosed die forging is a solution for the problem of the yield. The full
enclosed die forging typically uses a number of separate dies and punches. In the
full enclosed die forging, a log is cut out of a material and is preformed. The preformed
log is then held by the separate dies for the application of pressure. At that time,
the log is pressed by the separate dies except for a gap into which punches are to
be inserted. The punches are then pressed through the gap to form an end of the log
into a desired shape.
[0006] The full enclosed die forming has a yield of approximately 100%. However, it has
the following drawbacks. The log should be in a fully enclosed condition in the full
enclosed die forming. With this respect, the separate dies are required to eliminate
any gaps between the separate dies and the log during the application of the pressure.
This may be achieved by using a combination die. If the volume of the log is not exactly
equal to that of a final product and there is an excess of the log material, it is
flown out through the mating surface of the separate die and the punch, causing a
thin burr. A finishing step is thus required to remove the burr. On the other hand,
a fewer amount of the log material results in an underfilled portion at a part of
the final product. In addition, only the separate die and the punch having an end
of simple configuration can be used in order to withstand a large stress applied to
that end. The dies and/or punches with such a simple end cannot round a corner of
the final product. A stress may be concentrated at the corner of the product, badly
affecting a mechanical strength thereof. Furthermore, the full enclosed die forging
is not suitable for mass-production because of the following viewpoints.
[0007] First, a considerably high pressure is required to impart the material flowability
because the log is held by a number of separate dies for the application of the pressure.
Thus the preforming should be made with a high dimensional accuracy. However, there
is no such a preforming technique that can be used with a high dimensional accuracy.
[0008] Second, the heated log resides in the die for relatively long time during the forging.
A die having a complex configuration is required. Such a die has a relatively short
lifetime.
[0009] Third, a machine for the full enclosed die forging has a complex structure involving,
for example, a number of separate dies. Therefore, it is difficult to transfer the
log effectively from one die into another. Articles are manufactured one by one, with
a low productivity.
[0010] For the above-mentioned reasons, the full enclosed die forging has not been used
for mass-production of articles. For the mass-production of such articles, the closed
die forging of a lower yield has been used currently.
[0011] Therefore, an object of the present invention is to provide a forging process that
is suitable for mass-production with a high yield of rod-shaped articles having a
deformed portion at an end thereof.
[0012] A second object of the present invention is to provide a forging process that can
be used to round a corner of a rod-shaped article without forming a thin burr on the
surface of the article.
[0013] A third object of the present invention is to provide a forging process that can
be used for preforms with a lower dimensional accuracy.
[0014] A fourth object of the present invention is to provide a forging machine suitable
to achieve the above-mentioned objects.
[0015] A fifth object of the present invention is to provide a forging machine with a simple
structure, which can transfer logs with a high efficiency between dies.
[0016] A sixth object of the present invention is to provide a forging machine having dies
of a longer lifetime.
[0017] A forging process according to the present invention comprises: a full enclosed die
forging step for obtaining a formed log having a concave portion at least at one end
thereof, by means of applying pressure to a preformed rod-shaped log with a first
upper die half and a first lower die half from the direction perpendicular to the
axial direction of the log and with at least one horizontal punch from the axial direction
of said log; a finish forging step for applying pressure to the formed log with a
second upper die half and a second lower die half from the direction perpendicular
to the axial direction of the formed log to produce a burred log having burrs; and
a deburring step for removing burrs from the burred log.
[0018] A forging machine according to the present invention comprises an upper die holder
and a lower die holder. The upper die holder has a first upper die half for the full
enclosed die forging, a second upper die half for the finish forging, and a third
upper die half for the deburring, that are arranged in this order. The lower die holder
has a first lower die half for the full enclosed die forging, a second lower die half
for the finish forging, and a third lower die half for the deburring, that are arranged
in this order. A horizontal punch operational mechanism with at least one punch is
provided at the position where the first lower die half for the full enclosed die
forging is located. The horizontal punch operational mechanism is for pressing said
at least one horizontal punch into a log held by the first upper and the lower die
halves.
Fig. 1 is a flow diagram for use in describing steps for a conventional closed die
forging;
Fig. 2 is a cross-sectional view for use in describing a conventional full enclosed
die forging;
Fig. 3 is a flow diagram for use in describing a conventional full enclosed die forging;
Fig. 4 is a schematic plan view illustrating arrangement of dies provided in a lower
die holder in a forging machine according to an embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 5 is a cross-sectional view of a part of the forging machine, taken on line A-A
in Fig. 4;
Fig. 6 is a view for use in describing steps of a forging process according to an
embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 7 is a view for use in describing a full enclosed forging step I in the forging
process shown in Fig. 6;
Fig. 8 is a view for use in describing a seal die forging step II in the forging process
shown in Fig. 6;
Fig. 9 is a view for use in describing a product obtained at a finish forging step
III in the forging process shown in Fig. 6;
Fig. 10 is a cross-sectional view in a die, taken on line B-B in Fig. 9; and
Fig. 11 is a cross-sectional view in a die, taken on line C-C in Fig. 9.
[0019] Referring to Fig. 1, a conventional process for forging a connecting rod by means
of the closed die forging is described. The die is typically formed of an upper die
half and a lower die half. In the following description, the lower and the upper die
halves may collectively be referred to as a die. At a first step S1, a log is cut
out of a material. At a second step S2, the log is preformed with, for example, forging
rolls. At a third step S3, the closed die forging is carried out. The closed die forging
is carried out by using a press or a hammer. It typically includes an upsetting step
S3-1, a roughing step S3-2, a finishing step S3-3, and a deburring step S3-4. The
log is finished into a connecting rod through the above-mentioned four steps S3-1
through S3-4.
[0020] The closed die forging uses upper and lower die halves and proceeds with burrs produced
at several stages of the process. More specifically, a heated log on the lower die
half is stretched outward by means of applying pressure to fill almost all cavity
of the lower die half. At the same time, the log enters the upper die half. An excessive
log is flown out of the die as burrs after the die halves are filled with the log.
The burrs are immediately cooled because they are thin, increasing a deformation resistance
of the burrs. As a result, the log material heated become more likely to migrate within
the die having a smaller resistance. The migrated log material fills all over the
gaps between the upper and the lower die halves. Thus, the closed die forging can
only be achieved with the formation of burrs.
[0021] However, the burrs formed at each stage mean a lower yield of the material. The yield
is typically in a range of 60-70%. Therefore, the closed die forging is not cost-effective.
[0022] Referring to Figs. 2 and 3, manufacturing of the connecting rods by means of conventional
full enclosed die forging is described. In Fig. 2, the full enclosed die forging typically
uses a number of separate dies 11, 12 and punches 13, 14. In Fig. 3, in the full enclosed
die forging, a log is cut out of a material at a first step S11. The log is then preformed
at a second step S12. At a third step S13 the log is subjected to the full enclosed
die forging. In the full enclosed die forging, the preformed log 10 is held by the
separate dies 11 and 12 for the application of pressure. At that time, the log 10
is pressed by the separate dies 11 and 12 except for a gap into which punches 13 and
14 are to be inserted. The punches 13 and 14 are then pressed through the gap to form
an end of the log 10 into a desired shape.
[0023] The full enclosed die forming has a yield of approximately 100%. However, it has
the following drawbacks. The log should be in a fully enclosed condition in the full
enclosed die forming. With this respect, the separate dies 11 are 12 are required
to eliminate any gaps between the separate dies 11 and 12 and the log 10 during the
application of the pressure. This may be achieved by using a combination die. If the
volume of the log 10 is not exactly equal to that of a final product and there is
an excess of the material of the log 10, it is flown out through the mating surface
of the separate dies 11 and 12 and the punches 13 and 14, causing a thin burr 15.
A finishing step is thus required to remove the burr 15. On the other hand, a fewer
amount of the material of the log 10 results in an underfilled portion at a part of
the final product. In addition, only the separate dies 11 and 12 and the punches 13
and 14 having an end of simple configuration can be used in order to withstand a large
stress applied to that end. The dies and/or punches with such a simple end cannot
round a corner of the final product. A stress may be concentrated at the corner of
the product, badly affecting a mechanical strength thereof. Furthermore, the full
enclosed die forging is not suitable for mass-production because of the above-mentioned
viewpoints.
[0024] Referring to Figs. 4 and 5, a forging machine according to a preferred embodiment
of the present invention is described. In Fig. 4, the forging machine comprises a
lower die holder 20. The lower die holder 20 has a lower die half 21 for the full
enclosed die forging (a first lower die half), a lower die half 22 for the seal die
forging (a second lower die half), a lower die half 23 for the finish forging (a third
lower die half), and a lower die half 24 for the deburring (a fourth lower die half).
In Fig. 5, the forging machine further comprises an upper die holder 30, 32. The upper
die holder 30, 32 has an upper die half 31 for the full enclosed die forging (a first
upper die half), an upper die half for the seal die forging (a second upper die half),
an upper die half for the finish forging (a third upper die half), and an upper die
half for the deburring (a fourth upper die half). In Fig. 5, only the upper die half
31 for the full enclosed die forging is illustrated. The lower and the upper die halves
21 and 31 for the full enclosed die forging are oppositely arranged to each other.
Likewise, the lower 22 and the upper die halves for the seal die forging are oppositely
arranged to each other. The lower 23 and the upper die halves for the finish forging
are oppositely arranged to each other. The lower 24 and the upper die halves for the
deburring are oppositely arranged to each other.
[0025] The lower and the upper die halves 21 and 31 for the full enclosed die forging are
those for forging a log in an enclosed cavity. The lower and the upper die halves
21 and 31 are different from conventional die halves of this type. The die halves
are not required to be configured exactly with the preform. In other words, the die
halves are required only to have a configuration with an approximate dimensional accuracy
that allows rough forging because burring is carried out at a subsequent separate
step.
[0026] The die for the seal die forging (the lower die half 22 and the upper die half),
the die for the finish forging (the lower die half 23 and the upper die half), the
die for the deburring (the lower die half 24 and the upper die half) may be same as
the conventional dies for the seal die forging, the finish forging, and the deburring,
respectively. The transfer of the log from the lower die half 21 to the lower die
half 22, from the lower die half 22 to the lower die half 23, from the lower die half
23 to the lower die half 24 is made by a transfer arm which is not shown.
[0027] Structure of the forging machine using the lower die half 21 for the full enclosed
die forging is described with reference to Fig. 5. In this forging machine, the upper
die half 31 for the full enclosed die forging is fixed to the upper die holder 32.
The upper die holder 32 constantly receives a downward force applied by a high pressure
fluid filled in a pressure chamber 34 from a fluid inlet port 34'. More specifically,
the upper die holder 32 is inserted into the pressure chamber 34 with a portion thereof
being sealed with a seal ring 32-1. A number of guiding posts 36 permit only up and
down movement of the upper die holder 32. The lower limit of movement of the upper
die holder 32 is defined by a stopper nut 37 attached to the guiding post 36. The
upper die half 31 is held by the upper die holder 32 by means of clamping mechanism
38. Other upper die halves are similar to the above.
[0028] On the other hand, the lower die half 21 is fixed to the lower die holder 20. The
lower die holder 20 has a pair of punch holders 41. The punch holders 41 are movable
horizontally with respect to the sides of the lower die half 21. The punch holders
41 are movable horizontally by means of a toggle link mechanism 42 formed of three
links. More specifically, a pair of sliding blocks 43 are provided at a position close
to the pair of punch holders 41 of the lower die holder 20. The sliding blocks 43
are movable in up and down direction. The sliding blocks 43 each has a pressure receiving
portion 43a. A sliding block presser member 39 is provided at the position opposite
to the pressure receiving portion 43a in the upper die holder 30. An end of the toggle
link mechanism 42 is connected to the sliding block 43. When the upper die holder
30 moves downward and the pressure receiving portion 43a of the sliding block 43 is
pressed by the sliding block presser member 39 of the upper die holder 30, the sliding
block 43 moves downward. As a result, the punch holders 41 move in the horizontal
direction by means of the toggle link mechanism 42.
[0029] The punch holders 41 are each provided with a punch 44 to apply pressure to the ends
of the log from the horizontal direction. A spring 45 is placed between the lower
die holder 20 and the punch holders 41. The spring 45 is for biasing the punch holders
41 in the direction away from the lower die half 21. The biasing force obtained by
the spring 45 is smaller than the force applied to the toggle link mechanism 42 from
the sliding block presser member 39 through the pressure receiving portion 43a. Therefore,
the punch holders 41 are withdrawn by the spring 45 when no force is applied to the
pressure receiving portion 43a, which in turn moves the sliding block 43 upward.
[0030] In this forging machine, a heated log is placed in the lower die half 21 and the
machine is operated. The upper die holder 30 moves downward and the upper die half
31 comes into contact with the lower die half 21. At that time, the upper die half
31 is urged to the lower die half 21 by the pressure generated from the fluid in the
pressure chamber 34. At the same time, the sliding block presser member 39 of the
upper die holder 30 abuts with the pressure receiving portion 43a. When the upper
die holder 30 lowers further, then the sliding block 39 also moves downward. The punch
holders 41 move forward by the toggle link mechanism 42. The punches 44 are then pressed
into both sides of the log in the die halves 21 and 31 and the end of the log is deformed
into a desired shape (such as a concave). The desired shape formed at the end of the
log is determined by the shape of the punch 44.
[0031] During the above-mentioned formation, the upper die holder 30 is lowered, so that
the fluid in the pressure chamber 34 returns to an accumulator (not shown) provided
outside the machine. After the formation, the upper die holder 30 moves upward and
the punch holder 41 is withdrawn due to the spring force by the spring 45. The high
pressure fluid is again flown into the pressure chamber 34 from the accumulator and
the upper die holder 32 is pushed downward. An ejector pin 46 is provided beneath
the lower die half 21 in the lower die holder 20 to push and remove the formed log
from the lower die half 21.
[0032] Referring to Fig. 6, a forging process according to an embodiment of the present
invention is described in conjunction with a case where the above-mentioned forging
machine is used. Fig. 6 illustrates steps of the forging process according to the
present invention. Fig. 7 is a view for use in describing a full enclosed forging
step I in the forging process shown in Fig. 6. Fig. 8 is a view for use in describing
a seal die forging step II in the forging process shown in Fig. 6. Figs. 9A through
9C are views for use in describing a product obtained at a finish forging step III
in the forging process shown in Fig. 6. This embodiment is suitable for forming rod-shaped
articles having a deformed portion at an end thereof, and especially for manufacturing
of the connecting rods.
[0033] In Fig. 6, a log 51 is cut out of the rod material at a first step S31. At a second
step S32, the log 51 is preformed. The preformed log 51A has a larger diameter at
the central portion and ends thereof. The full enclosed die forging step I, the seal
die forging step II, the finish forging step III, and the deburring step IV are successively
carried out. While Fig. 6 is for the case where two forged articles are taken, Figs.
7 and 8 are for the case where one forged article is taken for clarifying the description.
The productivity is higher for the former case but the present invention can be applied
to both cases.
[0034] The preforming at the second step S32 is made by using forging rolls operated at
a high forming rate. Since the rough forging is made in the full enclosed die forging
step I after the preforming, no strict dimensional accuracy is required during the
preforming step. No difficult forming is required, too.
[0035] The full enclosed forging step I shown in Figs. 6 and 7 are as follows. The formed
log 51A is placed in the lower die half 21. the log 51A is pressed by the upper die
half 31 in the direction perpendicular to the axial direction of the formed log 51A
to flatten the formed log 51A. The punch 44 is pressed into the flattened log from
both sides thereof in the axial direction, with the portion of the flattened log except
for both sides along the axis thereof being enclosed by the lower and upper die halves
21 and 31, thereby forming a desired shape at both ends of the flattened log. For
the connecting rod, a concave portion in a big end 51-2 and a small end 51-3 are formed
for the embodiment in Fig. 7 to obtain one article at once. On the other hand, the
concave portions in the big ends are formed at both sides for the embodiment in Fig.
6 to obtain two articles at once. The concave portion in the big end 51-2 cannot be
formed completely when it is pressed only from the upward and the downward directions
because of lower fluidability of the material, with some burrs on the surface at the
junction between the upper and the lower die halves corresponding to the concave portion.
The application of pressure in the horizontal direction, achieved with the punch 44,
increases the fluidability of the material. This results in distribution of the material
with a high accuracy. Therefore, good rough forging can be made. After the completion
of the full enclosed die forging step I, the formed log is transferred to the die
for the seal die forging by means of the transfer arm.
[0036] In the seal die forging step II shown in Figs. 6 and 8, the log is pressed from upward
and downward by means of the lower die half 22 for the seal die forging and the corresponding
upper die half. The lower die half 22 is formed of a lower die body 22-1 and a lower
punch 22-2 that moves up and down relative to the lower die body 22-1. The lower punch
22-2 moves upward after the rough forging and is used to release a forged article
51B from the lower die half 22. The lower punch 22-2 may be formed integrally with
the lower die body 22-1. In this event, an ejector pin may be used that is similar
to the ejector pin 46 described in Fig. 5.
[0037] The seal die forging step II provides the rough forging. The rod section of the connecting
rod that is the forged article 51B has a generally H-shaped cross section. Both ends
of the connecting rod has a concave or convex cross section. There is no problem if
a small underfill 51-4 is formed in, for example, an outer surface of the end portions.
The material is filled in the underfill 51-4 during the burring operation in the finish
forging step III.
[0038] A major purpose of the seal die forging step II is to reduce the fluidability and
the forging pressure in the subsequent finish forging step III as much as possible.
Therefore, this step may be omitted when the forged article has a cross section with
relatively less irregularities or has an end with a smaller concave. In such a case,
the lower die half 21 and the upper die half for the full enclosed die forging are
referred to as the first lower die half and the first upper die half, respectively.
The lower die half 23 and the upper die half for the finish forging are referred to
as the second lower die half and the second upper die half, respectively. The lower
die half 24 and the upper die half for the deburring are referred to as the third
lower die half and the third upper die half, respectively.
[0039] The finish forging step III shown in Fig. 6 is burring forging performed in the typical
closed die forging. Fig. 9 shows a forged article 51C obtained by the finish forging
step III. A burr 51-5 is formed on the surface of the forged article 51C as shown
in Fig. 10. The burr 51-5 is the one necessary for the closed end forging as described
above.
[0040] In the previous step (the seal die forging step II or the full enclosed die forging
step I), the material is distributed into the die with a high accuracy and good condition.
This means that the burr 51-5 of the log in the die is minimum and the forging load
is small in this finish forging step III. The finish forging step III requires a small
forging load and uses the upper and the lower die halves rather than the combination
die for the full enclosed die forging. As shown in Fig. 11, R portions 23-1 and 33-1
can be formed in the lower die half 23 and a corresponding upper die half 33 for the
finish forging. As a result, a corner of the forged article 51C may be rounded.
[0041] The deburring step IV shown in Fig. 6 is the deburring step similar to the deburring
process in the conventional closed die forging. The burr 51-5 shown in Fig. 9 is removed
during the deburring step IV to complete the forged article.
[0042] According to the forging process of the present invention, the full enclosed die
forging step I requires no strict dimensional accuracy or difficult forming. The burring
is accepted in the subsequent steps. Therefore, the lifetime of the dies for the full
enclosed die forging can be elongated and the forging machine becomes simpler. In
addition, the logs may be transferred between the adjacent dies more effectively,
allowing mass-production of the forged articles.
[0043] The material can be distributed with a high accuracy in the die during the full enclosed
die forging step I or the seal die forging step II. Therefore, the minimum burr is
generated and the yield of the production is increased. In addition, the final formation
is carried out with the upper and the lower die halves, so that the corner of the
forged article may be rounded.
1. A forging process comprising:
a full enclosed die forging step for obtaining a formed log (51) having a concave
portion (51-2) at least at one end thereof, by means of applying pressure to a preformed
rod-shaped log (51A) with a first upper die half (31) and a first lower die half (21)
from the direction perpendicular to the axial direction of said log and with at least
one horizontal punch (44) from the axial direction of said log;
a finish forging step for applying pressure to said formed log (51B) with a second
upper die half (33) and a second lower die half (23) from the direction perpendicular
to the axial direction of said formed log to produce a burred log (51C); and
a deburring step for removing a burr (51-5) from said burred log.
2. A forging process as claimed in claim 1, wherein a seal die forging step is carried
out between said full enclosed die forging step and said finish forging step, for
the rough forging by means of applying pressure to said formed log (51B) obtained
during said full enclosed die forging step, the application of the pressure being
made with a third upper die half and a third lower die half (22) from the direction
perpendicular to the axial direction of said log.
3. A forging machine comprising:
an upper die holder (30) and a lower die holder (20), said upper die holder (30)
having a first upper die half (31) for the full enclosed die forging, a second upper
die half (33) for the finish forging, and a third upper die half for the deburring,
that are arranged in this order, said lower die holder (20) having a first lower die
half (21) for said full enclosed die forging, a second lower die half (23) for said
finish forging, and a third lower die half (24) for said deburring, that are arranged
in this order; and a horizontal punch operational mechanism (41, 42, 43, 44, 45) with
at least one punch is provided at the position where the first lower die half (21)
for said full enclosed die forging is located; said horizontal punch operational mechanism
(41, 42, 43, 44, 45) being for pressing said at least one horizontal punch (44) into
a log held by said first upper (31) and lower (21) die halves.
4. A forging machine as claimed in claim 3, wherein said upper die holder (30) has an
upper die half for said seal die forging between said first upper die half and said
second upper die half, and wherein said lower die holder (20) has a lower die half
(22) for said seal die forging between said first lower die half and said second lower
die half.
5. A forging machine as claimed in claim 4, wherein R portions (23-1, 33-1") are formed
inside said second upper die half (33) and said second lower die half (23) for said
finish forging to round a corner of said log.
1. Schmiedeverfahren, das die folgenden Schritte aufweist:
einen Schmiedeschritt im voll gekapselten Gesenk zur Herstellung eines geformten Blocks
(51) mit einem konkaven Abschnitt (51-2) an mindestens einem Ende des Blocks mittels
Druckanwendung auf einen vorgeformten stabförmigen Block (51A) mit einer ersten oberen
Gesenkhälfte (31) und einer ersten unteren Gesenkhälfte (21) aus der zur Achsenrichtung
des Blocks senkrechten Richtung und mit mindestens einem horizontalen Stempel (44)
aus der Achsenrichtung des Blocks;
einen Fertigschmiedeschritt zur Druckanwendung auf den geformten Block (51B) mit einer
zweiten oberen Gesenkhälfte (33) und einer zweiten unteren Gesenkhälfte (23) aus der
zur Achsenrichtung des geformten Blocks senkrechten Richtung, um einen gratigen Block
(51C) herzustellen; und
einen Abgratschritt zum Entfernen eines Grats (51-5) von dem gratigen Block.
2. Schmiedeverfahren nach Anspruch 1, wobei für das Vorschmieden mittels Druckanwendung
auf den geformten Block (51B), den man während des Schmiedeschritts im voll gekapselten
Gesenk erhält, zwischen dem Schmiedeschritt im voll gekapselten Gesenk und dem Fertigschmiedeschritt
ein Schmiedeschritt im abgedichteten Gesenk ausgeführt wird, wobei die Druckanwendung
mit einer dritten oberen Gesenkhälfte und einer dritten unteren Gesenkhälfte (22)
aus der zur Achsenrichtung des Blocks senkrechten Richtung erfolgt.
3. Schmiedevorrichtung, die aufweist:
einen oberen Gesenkhalter (30) und einen unteren Gesenkhalter (20), wobei der obere
Gesenkhalter (30) eine erste obere Gesenkhälfte (31) zum Schmieden im voll gekapselten
Gesenk, eine zweite obere Gesenkhälfte (33) zum Fertigschmieden und eine dritte obere
Gesenkhälfte zum Abgraten aufweist, die in dieser Reihenfolge angeordnet sind, wobei
der untere Gesenkhalter (20) eine erste untere Gesenkhälfte (21) zum Schmieden im
voll gekapselten Gesenk, eine zweite untere Gesenkhälfte (23) zum Fertigschmieden
und eine dritte untere Gesenkhälfte (24) zum Abgraten aufweist, die in dieser Reihenfolge
angeordnet sind; und einen horizontalen Stempelbetätigungsmechanismus (41, 42, 43,
44, 45) mit mindestens einem Stempel, der in der Position vorgesehen ist, wo sich
die erste untere Gesenkhälfte (21) zum Schmieden im voll gekapselten Gesenk befindet;
wobei der horizontale Stempelbetätigungsmechanismus (41, 42, 43, 44, 45) dazu dient,
den mindestens einen horizontalen Stempel (44) in einen Block zu pressen, der durch
die ersten oberen (31) und unteren (21) Gesenkhälften festgehalten wird.
4. Schmiedevorrichtung nach Anspruch 3, wobei der obere Gesenkhalter (30) eine obere
Gesenkhälfte zum Schmieden im abgedichteten Gesenk zwischen der ersten oberen Gesenkhälfte
und der zweiten oberen Gesenkhälfte aufweist, und wobei der untere Gesenkhalter (20)
eine untere Gesenkhälfte (22) zum Schmieden im abgedichteten Gesenk zwischen der ersten
unteren Gesenkhälfte und der zweiten unteren Gesenkhälfte aufweist.
5. Schmiedevorrichtung nach Anspruch 4, wobei innerhalb der zweiten oberen Gesenkhälfte
(33) und der zweiten unteren Gesenkhälfte (23) R-Abschnitte (gerundete Abschnitte)
(23-1, 33-1) zum Fertigschmieden ausgebildet sind, um eine Ecke des Blocks abzurunden.
1. Procédé de forgeage comprenant:
une étape de forgeage en matrice complètement fermée pour obtenir un profil formé
(51) ayant une portion concave (51-2) à au moins une extrémité de celui-ci, en appliquant
une pression à un profil préformé en forme de tige (51A) à l'aide d'une première demi-matrice
supérieure (31) et d'une première demi-matrice inférieure (21) selon la direction
perpendiculaire à la direction axiale dudit profil, et avec au moins un poinçon horizontal
(44) selon la direction axiale dudit profil;
une étape de forgeage final pour appliquer une pression audit profil formé (51B) à
l'aide d'une seconde demi-matrice supérieure (33) et d'une seconde demi-matrice inférieure
(23) selon la direction perpendiculaire à la direction axiale dudit profil formé pour
produire un profil irrégulier (51C); et
une étape d'ébardage pour éliminer une bavure (51-5) dudit profil irrégulier.
2. Procédé de forgeage selon la revendication 1, dans lequel on effectue une étape de
forgeage en matrice scellé entre ladite étape de forgeage en matrice complètement
fermée et ladite étape de forgeage finale, pour le forgeage d'ébauche en appliquant
une pression audit profil formé (51B) obtenu au cours de ladite étape de forgeage
en matrice complètement fermée, l'application de la pression étant effectuée à l'aide
d'une troisième demi-matrice supérieure et d'une troisième demi-matrice inférieure
(22) selon la direction perpendiculaire à la direction axiale dudit profil.
3. Machine de forgeage comprenant:
un support de matrice supérieure (30) et un support de matrice inférieure (20), ledit
support de matrice supérieur (30) ayant une première demi-matrice supérieure (31)
pour le forgeage à matrice complètement fermée, une deuxième demi-matrice supérieure
(33) pour le forgeage final, et une troisième demi-matrice supérieure pour l'ébardage,
qui sont placées dans cet ordre, ledit support de matrice inférieur (20) ayant une
première demi-matrice inférieure (21) pour ledit forgeage en matrice complètement
fermée, une deuxième demi-matrice inférieure (23) pour ledit forgeage final, et une
troisième demi-matrice inférieure (24) pour ledit ébardage, qui sont placées dans
cet ordre; et un mécanisme opérationnel à poinçon horizontal (41, 42, 43, 44, 45)
avec au moins un poinçon est fourni à l'endroit où la première demi-matrice inférieure
(21) pour ledit forgeage en matrice complètement fermée est située, ledit mécanisme
opérationnel à poinçon horizontal (41, 42, 43, 44, 45) étant prévu pour presser ledit
au moins un poinçon horizontal (44) dans un profil maintenu par lesdites demi-matrices
supérieure (31) et inférieure (21).
4. Machine de forgeage selon la revendication 3, dans laquelle ledit support de matrice
supérieur (30) possède une demi-matrice supérieure pour ledit forgeage en matrice
scellée, entre ladite première demi-matrice supérieure et ladite deuxième demi-matrice
supérieure, et dans laquelle ledit support de matrice inférieur (20) possède une demi-matrice
inférieure (22) pour ledit forgeage en matrice scellée, entre ladite première demi-matrice
inférieure et ladite deuxième demi-matrice inférieure.
5. Machine de forgeage selon la revendication 4, dans laquelle des parties R (23-1, 33-1)
sont formées à l'intérieur de ladite deuxième demi-matrice supérieure (33) et ladite
deuxième demi-matrice inférieure (23) pour ledit forgeage final afin d'arrondir un
coin dudit profil.