[0001] This invention relates to a screw-in end plug for use in the filament assembly of
an incandescent lamp.
[0002] The use of screw-in end plugs is commonplace in tungsten halogen lamp manufacture.
The plugs are short sections of wound tungsten which screw in to the ends of a filament,
providing a link between the active filament and the current lead. They are used routinely
in monoplane, biplane and other multi-limb studio halogen filaments such as those
made by GE Lighting.
[0003] When inserting the plugs into the filament coil to form the filament assembly, the
level up to which the plug is screwed is important, since this will determine the
active (or lit) length of filament wire in the assembly. This needs to be as closely
controlled as possible since it is one of the major input variables which determines
the primary lamp performance parameters (power consumption, light output, colour temperature,
life etc.). Typically, this dimension is given a tolerance of ± 0.3mm, yet during
assembly is controlled visually by judgement with the naked eye, hence is prone to
error and demands a very high skill level.
[0004] Another important variable is the length of the end plug which is exposed below the
filament. This needs to be controlled to typically ± 0.5mm to ensure that the filament
fits the filament support bridge consistently with the correct amount of tension.
At present, the length of exposed plug is determined by trimming with wire cutters,
again using the naked eye to judge the trimming point.
[0005] Finally, in many cases, it is necessary to use a thick wire as the plug material
to fill the space between the filament and the current lead. This is often necessary
where there is a mismatch between the current lead diameter and the filament inside
diameter. Often, in these cases, it is also necessary to wind the screw-in plug with
a very close pitch. This makes processing difficult for two reasons: Firstly, the
plug is very difficult to trim accurately without burring, and secondly, it is mechanically
very inflexible, which makes it difficult to bend around a pre-bent current lead.
[0006] This invention enables each of the above problems to be addressed.
[0007] According to the present invention, there is provided a filament assembly for an
incandescent lamp, including a helically coiled filament and a helically coiled end
plug engaging an end of the filament, the end plug comprising a coil having a first
section with a diameter and pitch adapted to engage in the end of the filament coil,
and a second section having a pitch different from the pitch of the first section.
[0008] The invention also provides a method of assembling a filament assembly in accordance
with the preceding paragraph, comprising screwing the first section of the filament
plug into the end of the filament until a resistance is encountered as a result of
the difference in pitch between the first and second sections of the end plug.
[0009] The end plug comprises a helical coil of wire, which differs from any existing plugs
in that it comprises sections having at least two different pitches.
[0010] Embodiments of the invention will now be described, by way of example, with reference
to the accompanying drawings, in which:
Fig 1 is a side view of a screw-in end plug of an incandescent filament lamp in accordance
with the invention;
Fig 2 is a side view of part of a filament assembly of an incandescent lamp, showing
one end of a filament mounted on a current lead wire by means of an end plug; and
Figs 3 and 4 show lengths of coiled wire from which end plugs may be cut.
[0011] Fig 1 shows an example of a screw-in end plug 10 which consists of a helical coil
of wire, typically of tungsten, with a first section 11 have a first, relatively closely
wound, pitch, and a second section 12 having a second, less closely wound pitch. The
first and second sections are conveniently of the same diameter, but may be of different
diameters.
[0012] The screw-in end plug 10 is used, as shown in Fig 2, to mount a filament 13 on a
current lead 14. The first section 11 of the end plug has a pitch which enables the
plug to screw into the end section of a given helical filament, whereas the second
section 12 has a pitch which prevents the plug from being screwed beyond a pre-determined
length inside the end of the filament 13. Thus, when the operator is screwing the
end plug into the filament, a resistance is encountered as a result of the difference
in pitch between the first and second sections of the end plug. Additionally, the
pitch of the second section of the plug is such that it can be mounted onto the current
lead wire 14 which may be bent up to an angle of more than 60 degrees.
[0013] Usually, in a practical manufacturing situation, individual screw-in end plugs are
cut from a pre-wound length of coil, typically 150mm long. Such a pre-wound length
of coil would, according to the present invention, comprise alternate lengths of coil
of different pitches. This would lead to an additional advantage, namely that the
operator could easily tell, by the boundary between two sections of different pitch,
where to trim the plug once it is inserted into the filament coil. Figure 3 illustrates
a typical length of pre-wound coil 20, where there are alternate sections 21, 22 of
coil with roughly equal lengths of sections of different pitch. Figure 4 illustrates
an alternative design of coil 20 where the sections 21, 22 of coil with different
pitches have markedly different lengths.
1. Filament assembly for an incandescent lamp, including a helically coiled filament
and a helically coiled end plug engaging an end of the filament, the end plug comprising
a coil having a first section with a diameter and pitch adapted to engage in the end
of the filament coil, and a second section having a pitch different from the pitch
of the first section.
2. The filament assembly of claim 1, wherein said second section of the filament plug
has a greater pitch than the first section.
3. The filament assembly of claim 1 or claim 2 including a current lead wire engaging
in the second section of the filament plug.
4. Method of assembling a filament assembly in accordance with any one of claims 1 to
3, comprising screwing the first section of the end plug into the end of the filament
until a resistance is encountered as a result of the difference in pitch between the
first and second sections of the end plug.
5. The method of claim 4 including cutting the end plug from a length of coiled wire
having alternating lengths with said first and second pitches, the cut being made
at a position where the pitch changes.