RAILWAY SWITCH ACTUATOR

Description

[0001] The invention relates to an actuator, in particular a switch actuator for a rail switch and crossing system.

[0002] A rail switch and crossing arrangement of conventional type is shown in Fig. 1. A first and second pair of incoming stock rails 10, 12 respectively converge to a single outgoing pair of stock rails 14. The incoming and outgoing stock rails are interrupted with the switch arrangement forming a continuation allowing the train to follow the desired path smoothly and safely. The rails are supported on sleepers as is well known.

[0003] The switching arrangement includes first and second switch rails 16, 18. The switch rail comprises an extension of an incoming stock rail tapering towards the respective outgoing rail, sufficiently flexibly to be moved between switching positions. The switch rails are switchable between a first switching position shown in complete lines and a second switching position shown in dotted lines. In each position one of the two switch rails is in an operative position and the other in an inoperative position.

[0004] In the first switching position the first switch rail 16 tapers into the incoming stock rail 10, guiding an incoming train on the incoming stock rails 10 smoothly and safely onto the outgoing stock rails 14. The second switch rail is in an inoperative position intermediate the stock rails. In the second switching position the second switch rail 18 guides an incoming train on the incoming stock rails 12 onto the outgoing stock rails accordingly. It will be recognised that the arrangement works equivalently with the incoming and outgoing directions reversed, so that a single pair of stock rails diverges in two directions.

[0005] Various switching arrangements are known. Generally such arrangements comprise a bar linking the switch rails and drivable from the side of the track either manually or automatically between fixed switching positions. This gives rise to problems because of the tendency of the stock rails to move with time; in particular the gauge can vary with movement of the fixings or substrate, the stock rails may tend to spread apart under heavy traffic or gauge variation may occur from general wear. Although the variations in gauge may be no more than 5-6mm over a gauge of roughly 1.4m, the gap between the operative switch rail and the stock rail should not exceed around 3.5mm - otherwise there is a risk that the flange of the train wheel will damage the switch rail or even derail. Accordingly even this level of variation can be very significant.

[0006] One known system involves a clamp lock arrangement driven by a hydraulic actuator by which the respective switch rail and stock rail are clamped together in each switch configuration. In this case, however, if there is movement of the stock rail over time then re-adjustment of the whole arrangement is required which is time consuming, costly and inconvenient.

[0007] Another known system involves a complex electro-hydraulic points system including an actuator control mechanism spanning two sleepers alongside the track. This system includes complex hydraulic couplings that are vulnerable to wear and damage, and is furthermore difficult and costly to install, maintain and repair because of the complex electro-hydraulic couplings and general configuration.

[0008] All of the known systems suffer from various other problems. One such problem is "run-through", in which the switching arrangement is set for an incoming train arriving along a first pair of rails but a train is allowed through on the other pair of incoming rails. If the operative switch rail is unlocked to the stock rail it may be shunted out of position requiring manual resetting and. possible damage. If, as may be required under operating regulations, the switch Tail and stock rail are locked together then more substantial damage may occur.

[0009] A further problem encountered with known systems is that only a very coarse level of control is available, and it is not possible to monitor operation of the arrangement on a continuous basis. A particular problem is that there is little or no possibility of predicting failure, which can at the least give rise to delays in repair/replacement when failure does occur.

[0010] Furthermore the known arrangements have encountered problems in transmission of the drive from an actuator to the switch rails, including twisting or bending of the drive bar.

[0011] WO 94/27853 relates to an actuator for a railway switch system including a driver and a switch rail drive element.

[0012] According to the invention there is provided an actuator for a railway rail switch system as defined in claim 1. As a result gauge changes of the stock rails are accommodated, as the switch rail position is established relative to the stock rail rather than some other reference point. In addition the actuator is provided some protection from the shock and vibration effects of axle loads.

[0013] The drive may comprise a de brushless motor providing immunity against stray electric currents and avoiding the problems of brush wear and contamination. The switch rail drive element may comprise a linear drive element, for example a leadscrew. A brake device may be associated with the switch rail drive element for locking the switch rail against movement. The brake device may be resiliently biased to a brake position and manually or automatically releasable.

[0014] An overload device may be arranged to decouple the switch rail drive element in the event of overload applied thereto. As a result a run-through will not cause significant damage.

[0015] The switch rail drive element may comprise a transmission carriage for transmitting the drive to the switch rail, the transmission carriage being mounted on at least one guide element. Accordingly the transmission carriage is prevented from twisting or bending.

[0016] Means may be provided for manually driving the switch rail drive element. In the event of power failure, fault or run-through the actuator can thus be manually adjusted.

[0017] Switch rail position detectors may be provided for detecting the position of the switch rail relative to the stock rail engaging element; long term failure prediction can be carried out based on an analysis of the detected results.

[0018] An electronic control device preferably performs one or more of the functions: power management, input signal relay, fault detection, performance or operation monitoring, output signal relay, performance or operation data storage. The provision of the device actually at the actuator allows on-site performance and fault monitoring. The electronic control device is in communication with detectors associated with at least one of the drive, the switch rail drive element, a brake and an overload device.

[0019] The actuator may further comprise a housing arranged to act as a rail sleeper. As a result the components of the actuator are protected from external influences such as axle load, maintenance works and actual installation of the arrangement. In addition the requirement for external components running between the tracks and vulnerable to damage is minimised. The various components described herein are largely modular allowing easy maintenance, repair and replacement when the housing is accessed.

[0020] The invention also provides a method of switching a railway rail switch system comprising stock rails and switch rails, the method comprising the steps of driving a stock rail engaging element into engagement with a stock rail, and then driving a switch rail to clamp the stock rail between the switch rail and the stock rail engaging element. The position of the switch rail relative to the stock rail may be detected during the switching.

[0021] An embodiment of the invention will now be described, by way of example, with reference to the drawings, of which:

Fig. 2a shows an embodiment of the invention in assembled form but with the cover removed;

Fig. 2b shows a detail of the embodiment of Fig. 2a with an electronic control unit in place;

Fig. 3a is a block diagram showing the principal components of the invention and their inter-relationship;

Fig. 3b is a block diagram showing interface of the invention with the external environment;

Fig. 4a shows the floating chassis and related components of the invention;

Fig. 4b shows the central drive carriage driven by the floating chassis;

Fig. 5 shows the stock rail reference pads mounted to supporting rods coupled to the floating chassis;

Fig. 6 shows the switch rail position detection system;

Fig. 7 is a sectional view of the run-through or overload device;

Fig. 8 is a sectional view of the dual brake system; and

Fig. 9 is a flow diagram showing operation of the switch arrangement.

[0022] The switching arrangement will firstly be described in terms of its principal components with reference to Figs. 2a, 2b, 3a and 3b. The components will be discussed in more detail below.

[0023] The switching arrangement is housed in a steel or other suitable material housing including a U-section base 20 and a corresponding upper part. As discussed in more detail below the housing is configured to replace a sleeper under the rails and hence is of sufficient strength to bear corresponding loads, for example in the region of 40 tonnes. The switching arrangement generally comprises an actuator arranged to shift the switching rail pair between switching positions governed by signals from a remote controlling point via control lines of known type. The arrangement includes a junction box 22 for receiving control signals and power from an external apparatus case of known type. The switching arrangement and in particular the junction box 22 are configured suitable to interface with any railway switch and crossing configurations. In addition the arrangement sends feedback, fault and operational status signals to the remote controlling point via the junction box 22. The block diagrams of Figs. 3a and 3b demonstrates the interconnection of the various components described herein.

[0024] Control of the arrangement is generally carried out by an electronic control unit (ECU) 24 which receives and interprets control signals from the junction box 22 and issues feedback etc. signals via the junction box. The ECU 24 controls engagement and release of a switch rail brake 26 and a motor 28. The motor 28 is coupled via a gearbox 30 to a linear drive in the form of a leadscrew 32. The brake 26, motor 28, gearbox 30 and leadscrew 32 are mounted on a floating carriage or chassis 31, floating relative to housing base 20. The leadscrew 32 is coupled via a run-through overload device 34 to a drive rod 36. The drive rod 36 drives a transmission or drive carriage 38 carrying the switch rails, here designated 40, switching them between respective stock rails 42. Stock rail reference bars 44 are provided as a datum for the stock rails.

[0025] In addition the arrangement includes various detectors for sensing operational conditions and reporting to the ECU 24. The brakes 26 include detectors 44 for detecting whether the brakes are engaged. The overload device 34 includes detectors 46, which detect whether an overload condition has occurred. In addition switch rail position detectors 48 are provided to detect the position of the switch rails 40 relative to the stock rails 42 at any desired time. The detectors all report to the ECU 24 via suitable signal lines which are not individually referenced. A current detector (not shown) can be incorporated for enhancing operation/performance monitoring yet further.

[0026] Referring to Figs. 2a, 2b, 4a, 4b and 5 the actuator aspect of the invention will now be described in more detail. The motor 28 comprises a 3-phase brushless d.c. motor of any suitable type, preferably providing an output torque of 3 Nm at 4000rpm. This type of motor provides immunity against stray electric currents due to the need to provide a pre-determined electrical communication signal via the electronics. In addition the problems of brush wear and contamination are avoided. The gearbox 30 is a 3-stage spur reduction box with a (motor) input to output ratio of 20:1. The motion is converted to linear motion by a nut and leadscrew 32 of known type at the output stage of the gearbox 30 which linear motion is transmitted via the overload device 34 to the drive rod 36. The drive rod 36 is coupled to the switch rails by the drive carriage 38 having a drive rod link rod 62. The carriage 38 reciprocates on via a pair of parallel guide rods 64 mounted in guide channels 66. The use of dual path bearings and captive pins removes any twisting or bending motion and reduces the risk of total path failure. Projecting from the upper part of the carriage 38 are switch rail drive arms 68, each linked to a respective switch rail by an articulated joint 70 and bracket 72. As a result the linear motion of the leadscrew below the switch rails is efficiently transmitted to motion at the desired height.

[0027] The motor 28, gearbox 30, leadscrew 32, overload device 34 and drive rod 36 are mounted on a floating chassis 33. As best seen in Figs. 4b and 5 the chassis 31 is slidably mounted on the base 20 on parallel guide rods (not shown) to reciprocate in the switching direction, that is transverse to the stock rails. The chassis 31 is provided below and to one side of the stock rails and further includes a pair of stock rail reference pads 50, 52 provided on a pair of parallel rods 54 projecting from the front end of the chassis in the direction of the stock rails. The rods 54 extend below the stock rails and each reference pad 50, 52 straddles the rods 54 and projects upwardly. The reference pads 50, 52 are fixedly positioned on the rods to be brought into abutment with an outer face of a respective stock rail. The reference pads are coated with a tough, electrically insulating material to insulate the stock rail, for example Tufnol (a trade mark).

[0028] When the motor 28 receives an actuation signal "GO NORMAL" or "GO REVERSE", depending on the direction of motion, the motor is actuated. In the case where the switch rails are currently switched to the near stock rail 12, the lead screw is driven forwardly (towards the stock rails). Because of the resilience and mass of the switch rails to which the lead screw is coupled, and the comparatively low friction of the chassis guide rods the chassis 31 is pushed backward as a whole until the stock rail reference pad 52 abuts the far stock rail 10. Further rearward motion of the chassis is prevented such that the switch rails are now driven forwardly until the far switch rail 18 abuts the far stock rail 10. When a stall condition of sufficient duration is detected in the motor for example by suitable Hall Effect sensors, a signal is sent to the ECU 24, the motor is switched off and the rail switch is completed. This floating chassis arrangement thus allows the switch rail/stock rail pair to be clamped together with the required accuracy automatically irrespective of any shifting of the stock rails and/or wear of components. It will be appreciated that this procedure is simply reversed for switching the rails in the opposite direction.

[0029] The switch rail position detectors 48 preferably comprise linear variable differential transformers (LDVT's) the general construction of which will be known to the skilled person. Fig. 6 shows the detector arrangement in more detail. Each detector includes a slidable stem 73 having a distal end terminating in an upwardly projecting nipple 74 fixedly coupled relative to the switch rail for example being received in a downwardly facing U-shaped channel 76 in the underside of the switch rail bracket 72. The stem 73 reciprocates in a sleeve 78 which is fixed relative to the stock rail reference pad 50, 52. A coil 80 on the sleeve 78 detects movement of the stem 73 and hence movement and distance of the switch rails 16, 18 relative to the stock rails 10, 12, the data being transmitted to the ECU 24 for purposes discussed further below. Because there is no physical contact between the stem 73 and the sleeve 78 this leads to a prolonged service life and high reliability.

[0030] The overload device 34 is described with reference to Fig. 7. The leadscrew 32 co-operates with drive nuts 35 as discussed above. The leadscrew 32 is hollow as shown and terminates in a box housing 80 which can be integral with or bolted onto the leadscrew 32. The box housing 80 houses the overload device 34 and includes an aperture 82 at its end opposite the leadscrew 32 through which the drive rod 36 projects. The drive rod extends back through the box housing 80 and part way into the hollow leadscrew 32. In normal operation the drive rod 36 is linearly fixedly coupled to the box housing 80 by a pair of opposing blocks 84 engaging a reduced portion of the drive rod 36 so that the drive rod acts as an extension of the leadscrew. When a run-through of the type described above occurs, however, the drive rod 36 and leadscrew 32 are decoupled allowing the drive rod to slide freely in the box housing 80 and hollow portion of the leadscrew. As a result the respective switch rail is shunted harmlessly out of the way.

[0031] De-coupling is achieved as a result of the blocks 84 which include inclined cam faces at either end in the reciprocating directions co-operating with correspondingly inclined cam faces on the reduced portion of the drive rod 36. The blocks 84 each have a further inclined cam face co-operating with a cam face of a biasing element 86 biased by a compression spring 88. In normal operation the blocks 84 are biased into engagement with the reduced portion of the drive rod 36, locking the drive rod to the leadscrew. In the event of an overload, for example as a result of a run through, a force is imparted on the drive rod 36 for example in the direction shown by arrow A. The resulting force on the cam faces of the blocks 84 overcomes the biasing force and drives the blocks out of the reduced portions of the drive rod 36. The drive rod 36 then slides freely within the leadscrew 32 and box housing 80. It will be appreciated that an overload force applied in the opposite direction will be accommodated in the same manner.

[0032] Each biasing element 86 includes a detecting element 90 on its outer face, co-operating with a detector 92 on the outside of the box housing 80. As a result movement of the biasing element is detected signifying a run through, and a corresponding signal is sent to the ECU 24 which registers the condition and suppresses further activity until a reset is carried out. The system can then be reset, for example by manually winding the leadscrew (as discussed in more detail below) in the appropriate direction until the blocks 84 re-engage the reduced portion of the drive rod 36. The biasing force is preset to a suitable level; because of its modular nature the box housing, in its bolt on form can be easily replaced or adjusted should the overload specification change.

[0033] In order to lock the switch rails in position against each stock rail a dual brake arrangement 26 is provided mounted on the motor driven shaft of the gearbox 30. The brake 26 is of a suitable type that will generally be apparent to the skilled person, for example of the type shown in Fig. 8. The brake includes two independent clutch plate assemblies 100, 102 and drive shaft 104. In each case the clutch plate assemblies are biased into engagement by compression springs 106, 108 such that the drive shaft is generally held against movement, locking the switch rails. To release the brake 26 electro-magnets 110, 112 are activated which act against the compression springs 106, 108 to disengage the clutch plate assemblies 100, 102 and unlock the switch rails. In addition the clutch plate assemblies are manually disengagable by suitable handles (not shown) which can be actuated to force the clutch plates apart against the spring bias.

[0034] The brake 26 further includes proximity detectors 114, 116 to detect whether the brakes are engaged or not and send a corresponding signal to the ECU 24. Each brake is capable of providing sufficient torque to stall the motor to prevent undemanded motion.

[0035] The ECU 24 comprises a sealed Aluminium box housing circuitry sufficient to relay power and commands to the various components, monitor the output of the various detectors, store output data for subsequent downloading, alter operational conditions if fault conditions are detected and transmit to a remote controlling point operational data as appropriate. The specific circuitry required to do this will be apparent to the skilled person, but the basic requirements are the following PCBs (printed circuit boards): 1) a power and demand interface board, 2) a motor/brake control board, 3) a detector board and 4) a power and response interface board. The ECU box physically separates PCBs 1) and 2) from 3) and 4) with a "two storey" construction. Interface boards are used for power and external communication allowing the separation of "clean" and "noisy" circuits on the same storey. The components of the ECU are preferably electronically programmable allowing customisation and on-line variation of operational parameters. In addition operational features, can be added, deleted or customised as appropriate. The ECU preferably includes dual or even triplex component replication to guard against failure.

[0036] Specific functions carried out by the ECU include monitoring brake status and failure, monitoring for motor stall, monitoring switch rail position, monitoring for run-through, by polling or receiving signals from the respective sensors described above and cross-validating and checking sensor data and the switch rail/stock rail position. As a result fault or fail conditions are immediately detected and operation of the arrangement as a whole can be stopped or varied in response to the detected condition.

[0037] In particular by monitoring and storing data relating to the switch rail-stock rail spacing over repeated switches, a potential failure can be predicted from known behaviour patterns allowing pre-emptive action to be taken and minimising down time. This can be monitored externally either by receiving real time position data from the ECU 24 or downloading data stored in a buffer in the ECU at regular intervals.

[0038] A remote handset may also be provided for interface with the ECU on-site. The remote handset comprises a hand held or other appropriate data processor compatible with the ECU and preferably plugged into the ECU. The handset can be used to input data or operational parameters into the ECU. It can also be used to download, process and/or display data stored or polled by the ECU. For example historical switch rail position data stored in memory at the ECU can be examined to establish whether a fail condition is imminent. Alternatively where a fault condition has been indicated to a controlling point the remote handset can be used for on-site trouble shooting.

[0039] The arrangement is also configured for manual operation for example in case of power failure or reset after run-through. The gearbox 30 includes a drive shaft for manual rotation by a crank handle in place of motor drive. As discussed above the dual brake 26 is also manually disengagable allowing the switch rail to be unlocked manually.

[0040] The entire assembly is preferably capable of operating immersed in water. The base 20 is closed by covers (not shown) which are bolted where appropriate but hinged or removable for inspection/access purposes where necessary. To allow manual operation the operator accesses a control switch 21 (Fig. 2a) to isolate electrical power, releases the brakes and cranks the drive shaft as discussed above; this area of the arrangement is protected by a secure hinged lid to prevent unauthorised access. Independent electric heating elements (not shown) are included to maintain a suitable temperature, for example above freezing. These can be maintained by the same sub-system that normally regulates the Switch Rail heating. The various components are shock protected where appropriate against axle loads transmitted via the housing and so forth. For example the ECU is isolated by shock mounts. The configuration is generally arranged to separate out and decouple shock transmitting and shock sensitive elements by stock absorbers and/or positioning of the elements within the housing.

[0041] Operation of the switch rail actuator will now be described with reference to the flow diagram of Fig. 9. Firstly at block 120 the ECU 24 receives a GO NORMAL or GO REVERSE signal. At step 122 the ECU 24 polls the brake detectors 114, 116 to establish whether the brake 26 is correctly locked. If not then a failure is registered and operation is halted (block 124) pending remedial action. Otherwise the ECU 24 polls the other detectors (block 126) to establish the health of the actuator; if problems are detected then operation is halted. For example the current position of the switch rails is detected. If no problems are detected then the brakes are unlocked at step 128 and the motor is actuated at step 130. When motor stall is detected (block 132) signifying clamping of the respective switch and stock rails the motor is stopped at step 134, the switch rail position is detected and stored at step 136 and a successful "switched" signal is issued by the ECU 24 to the external controller. During moving of the switch rails the instantaneous position of the switch rails can also be monitored.

[0042] It will be appreciated that the specific configuration described above can be altered to incorporate equivalent components as will be apparent to the skilled person. For example the brakes, motor and gearbox can be of any appropriate type as long as the operational requirements are met. In addition the linkage between the various components is dictated to some extent by the specific configuration of the base; alternative configurations can be adopted which may require different transmission systems without departing from the inventive concept. In addition more than one actuator can be used, each operating on a different region of the switch rails. As a result control of the switch rail is improved by customising the operation of each actuator. In addition the operation/performance data from each actuator can be combined to improve monitoring and fault prediction yet further.

Claims

1. An actuator for a railway rail switch system comprising stock (10,12,14) and switch (16,18) rails, the actuator comprising an actuator carriage (31) having mounted thereon a drive (28), a switch rail drive element (38) and a stock rail engaging element (50,52), the actuator carriage (31) and stock rail engaging element being fixed relative to one another and the actuator carriage (31) and switch rail drive element (38) being drivable relative to one another by the drive (28), the drive (28) being arranged to drive the actuator carriage (31) relative to the switch rail drive element (38) until the stock rail engaging element (50,52) engages the stock rail (10,12,14) and then drive the switch rail drive element (38) relative to the actuator carriage (31) to clamp the stock rail (10,12,14) between the stock rail engaging element (50,52) and the switch rail (16,18).

2. An actuator as claimed in claim 1 in which the drive (28) comprises a de brushless motor in which the switch rail drive element (38) comprises a linear drive element, for example a leadscrew (32).

3. An actuator as claimed in claim 1 or 2 further comprising a brake device (26) associated with the switch rail drive element (38) for locking the switch rail (16,18) against movement, and preferably in which the brake device (26) is resiliently biased to a brake position and manually or automatically releasable.

4. An actuator as claimed in any preceding claim comprising an overload device (34) arranged to decouple the switch rail drive element (38) in the event of overload applied thereto and/or in which the switch rail drive element (38) comprises a transmission carriage (38) for transmitting the drive to the switch rail (16,18), the transmission carriage (38) being mounted on at least one guide element (64).

5. An actuator as claimed in any preceding claim including means for manually driving the switch rail drive element (38) and/or comprising switch rail position detectors (48) for detecting the position of the switch rail (16,18) relative to the stock rail engaging element (10,12,14).

6. An actuator as claimed in any preceding claim including an electronic control device (24) for performing one or more of the functions: power management, input signal relay, fault detection, performance or operation monitoring, output signal relay, performance or operation data storage, preferably in which the electronic control device (24) is in communication with detectors (48,90,114,116) associated with at least one of the drive (28), the switch rail drive element (38), a brake (26) and an overload device (34), and/or further comprising a housing (20) arranged to act as a rail sleeper.

7. An actuator as claimed in any preceding claim in which the switch rail drive element (38) includes first and second drive parts (32,36) coupled in series and an overload device (34) comprising a lock coupling (84) between the first and second drive parts (32,36) releasable if an overload is applied to the switch rail drive element (38).

8. An actuator as claimed in claim 7 in which the lock coupling (84) comprises a detent provided on one of the drive parts (32) biased into engagement with a cooperating element on the other drive part (36), urgable out of engagement against the bias if an overload is applied to one of the parts to decouple the parts allowing them to move freely relative to one another, and/or further including a detector (90,92) associated with the overload device (34) to detect an overload and issue an indicative signal and/or in which the switch rail drive element (38) is manually resettable after overload to relock the first and second parts coupled to one another.

9. An actuator as claimed in claim 4 in which the at least one guide element comprises parallel guide rods, the transmission carriage (38) including first and second guide channels (66) mounted on the guide rods (64).

10. An actuator as claimed in any preceding claim further comprising a detector (48,90,114,116) for detecting a parameter indicative of the operational status of the actuator and means (24) for storing historical data from the detector for use in predicting failure based on said stored historical data.

11. An actuator as claimed in claim 10 further comprising a housing (20) for the drive (28), switch rail drive element (38) and detector (48,90,114,116), wherein the storing means comprises an electronic control unit (24) provided in the housing (20) for controlling and/or monitoring performance/operation of the actuator, and/or comprising a plurality of detectors.

12. An actuator system for a railway switch system comprising stock rails (10,12,14) and switch rails (16,18) comprising a plurality of actuators having respective detectors (48,90,114,116) as claimed in any of claims 10 or 11 each operating on a different region of the switch rails, the actuator system further comprising means for combining the historical data from each detector for use in predicting failure based on said combined data.

13. A method of switching a railway rail switch system comprising stock rails (10,12,14) and switch rails (16,18), the method including the steps of driving a stock rail engaging element (50,52) into engagement with a stock rail (10,12,14), and then driving a switch rail (16,18) to clamp the stock rail (10,12,14) between the switch rail (16,18) and the stock rail engaging element (50,52).

14. A method as clamed in claim 22 in which the position of the switch rail (16,18) relative to the stock rail (10,12,14) is detected during the switching.

Ansprüche

1. Stellglied für ein Eisenbahnweichensystem, das Backenschienen (10, 12, 14) und Weichenzungen (16, 18) umfasst, wobei das Stellglied einen Stellgliedwagen (31) umfasst, auf dem ein Antrieb (28), ein Weichenzungenantriebselement (38) und ein Backenschieneneingreifelement (50, 52) befestigt sind, wobei der Stellgliedwagen (31) und das Backenschieneneingreifelement relativ zueinander befestigt sind und der Stellgliedwagen (31) und das Weichenzungenantriebselement (38) durch den Antrieb (28) relativ zueinander bewegbar sind, wobei der Antrieb (28) so angeordnet ist, dass er den Stellgliedwagen (31)relativ zum Weichenzungenantriebselement (38) bewegt, bis das Backenschieneneingreifelement (50, 52) in die Backenschiene (10, 12, 14) eingreift und danach das Weichenzungenantriebselement (38) relativ zum Stellgliedwagen (31) antreibt, um die Backenschiene (10, 12, 14) zwischen dem Backenschieneneingreifelement (50, 52) und der Weichenzunge (16, 18) einzuklemmen.

2. Stellglied nach Anspruch 1, bei welchem der Antrieb (28) einen bürstenlosen Gleichstrommotor aufweist, bei welchem das Weichenzungenantriebselement (38) ein lineares Antriebselement, zum Beispiel eine Leitspindel (32), aufweist.

3. Stellglied nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, das weiters eine Bremsvorrichtung (26) aufweist, die mit dem Weichenzungenantriebselement (38) verbunden ist, um die Weichenzunge (16, 18) gegen Bewegung zu sperren, und bei welchem die Bremsvorrichtung (26) vorzugsweise elastisch zu einer Bremsposition hin vorgespannt und manuell oder automatisch lösbar ist.

4. Stellglied nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, das eine Überlastvorrichtung (34) aufweist, die so angeordnet ist, dass sie das Weichenzungenantriebselement (38) entkoppelt, falls eine Überlast darauf ausgeübt wird und/oder bei welchem das Weichenzungenantriebselement (38) einen Getriebewagen (38) aufweist, um den Antrieb auf die Weichenzunge (16, 18) zu übertragen, wobei der Getriebewagen (38) auf mindestens einem Führungselement (64) befestigt ist.

5. Stellglied nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, welches Mittel für einen manuellen Antrieb des Weichenzungenantriebselements (38) enthält und/oder Weichenzungenpositionsdetektoren (48) aufweist, um die Position der Weichenzungen (16, 18) relativ zum Backenschieneneingreifelement (10, 12, 14) zu erfassen.

6. Stellglied nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, bei welchem eine elektronische Steuervorrichtung (24) zur Durchführung von einer oder mehrerer der folgenden Funktionen vorgesehen ist: Stromverwaltung, Eingangssignalrelais, Fehlererfassung, Leistungs- oder Betriebsüberwachung, Ausgangssignalrelais, Leistungsoder Betriebsdatenspeicherung, wobei vorzugsweise die elektronische Steuervorrichtung (24) mit Detektoren (48, 90, 114, 116) in Verbindung steht, die mit mindestens dem Antrieb (28) oder dem Weichenzungenantriebselement (38) oder einer Bremse (26) oder einer Überlastvorrichtung (34) verbunden sind, und/oder das weiters ein Gehäuse (20) aufweist, das so angeordnet ist, dass es als Schienenschwelle fungiert.

7. Stellglied nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, bei welchem das Weichenzungenantriebselement (38) erste und zweite Antriebsteile (32, 36), die in Serie gekoppelt sind, und eine Überlastvorrichtung (34) enthält, die eine Sperrkopplung (84) zwischen den ersten und zweiten Antriebsteilen (32, 36) aufweist, die freigegeben werden kann, wenn auf das Weichenzungenantriebselement (38) eine Überlast ausgeübt wird.

8. Stellglied nach Anspruch 7, bei welchem die Sperrkopplung (84) eine Einrastvorrichtung aufweist, die auf einem der Antriebsteile (32) angeordnet und in einen Eingriff mit einem zusammenwirkenden Element auf dem anderen Antriebsteil (36) vorgespannt ist und gegen die Vorspannung aus dem Eingriff gedrückt werden kann, wenn eine Überlast auf einen der Teile ausgeübt wird, um die Teile zu entkoppeln und ihnen zu ermöglichen, sich frei zueinander zu bewegen, und/oder welches weiters einen Detektor (90, 92) aufweist, der mit der Überlastvorrichtung (34) verbunden ist, um eine Überlast zu erfassen und ein Anzeigesignal auszugeben, und/oder bei dem das Weichenzungenantriebselement (38) nach der Überlast manuell neu eingestellt werden kann, um die ersten und zweiten Teile, die miteinander gekoppelt sind, wieder zu sperren.

9. Stellglied nach Anspruch 4, bei welchem das mindestens eine Führungselement parallele Führungsstäbe aufweist, wobei der Getriebewagen (38) erste und zweite Führungskanäle (66) aufweist, die auf den Führungsstäben (64) befestigt sind.

10. Stellglied nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, das weiters einen Detektor (48, 90, 114, 116) zum Erfassen eines Parameters, der für den Betriebsstatus des Stellgliedes kennzeichnend ist, und Mittel (24) zum Speichern historischer Daten aus dem Detektor aufweist, um ausgehend von den gespeicherten historischen Daten eine Ausfallsprognose erstellen zu können.

11. Stellglied nach Anspruch 10, das weiters ein Gehäuse (20) für den Antrieb (28), das Weichenantriebselement (38) und den Detektor (48, 90, 114, 116) aufweist, wobei das Speichermittel eine elektronische Steuereinheit (24), die im Gehäuse (20) zur Steuerung und/oder Überwachung der Leistung/des Betriebs des Stellglieds vorgesehen ist, und/oder eine Vielzahl an Detektoren vorgesehen sind.

12. Stellgliedsystem für ein Eisenbahnweichensystem, das Backenschienen (10, 12, 14) und Weichenzungen (16, 18) aufweist, die eine Vielzahl an Stellgliedern mit entsprechenden Detektoren (48, 90, 114, 116) gemäß einem der Ansprüche 10 oder 11 aufweisen, die jeweils auf einen anderen Bereich der Weichenzungen wirken, wobei das Stellgliedsystem weitere Mittel zum Kombinieren der historischen Daten aus den jeweiligen Detektoren aufweist, um ausgehend von diesen kombinierten Daten Ausfallsprognosen zu erstellen.

13. Verfahren zum Stellen eines Eisenbahnweichensystems, das Backenschienen (10, 12, 14) und Weichenzungen (16, 18) aufweist, wobei das Verfahren folgende Schritte aufweist: Bewegen eines Backenschieneneingreifelements (50, 62) in Eingriff mit einer Backenschiene (10, 12, 14) und danach Bewegen einer Weichenzunge (16, 18), um die Backenschiene (10, 12, 14) zwischen der Weichenzunge (16, 18) und dem Backenschieneneingriffelement (50, 52) einzuklemmen.

14. Verfahren nach Anspruch 13, wobei die Position der Weichenzunge (16, 18) zur Backenschiene (10, 12, 14) während des Rangierens erfasst wird.

Revendications

1. Dispositif d'actionnement pour un système d'aiguillage de voies de chemins de fer comprenant des rails fixes (10, 12, 14) et des rails d'aiguillage (16, 18), le dispositif d'actionnement comprenant un chariot (31) portant une commande (28), un élément (38) de commande des rails d'aiguillage et un élément (50, 52) d'engagement des rails fixes, le chariot (31) et l'élément d'engagement des rails fixes étant fixés l'un par rapport à l'autre et le chariot (31) et l'élément (38) de commande des rails d'aiguillage pouvant être commandés l'un par rapport à l'autre par la commande (28), la commande (28) étant aménagée pour commander le chariot (31) par rapport à l'élément (38) de commande des rails d'aiguillage jusqu'à ce que l'élément (50, 52) d'engagement des rails fixes s'engage sur les rails fixes (10, 12, 14) et puis commande l'élément (38) de commande des rails d'aiguillage par rapport au chariot (31) pour bloquer les rails fixes (10, 12, 14) entre l'élément (50, 52) d'engagement des rails fixes et les rails d'aiguillage (16, 18).

2. Dispositif d'actionnement selon la revendication 1, dans lequel la commande (28) comprend un moteur à courant continu sans balais, dans lequel l'élément (38) de commande de rails d'aiguillage comprend un élément de commande linéaire, par exemple, une vis directrice (32).

3. Dispositif d'actionnement selon la revendication 1 ou 2, comprenant en outre un dispositif de freinage (26) associé à l'élément (38) de commande de rails d'aiguillage pour bloquer les rails d'aiguillage (16, 18) contre tout déplacement et, de préférence, dans lequel le dispositif de freinage (26) est pressé de manière élastique vers une position de freinage et peut être libéré manuellement ou automatiquement.

4. Dispositif d'actionnement selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, comprenant un dispositif de surcharge (34) aménagé pour désaccoupler l'élément (38) de commande des rails d'aiguillage dans le cas où une surcharge lui serait appliquée et/ou dans lequel l'élément (38) de commande des rails d'aiguillage comprend un chariot de transmission (38) pour transmettre la commande aux rails d'aiguillage (16, 18), le chariot de transmission (38) étant monté sur au moins un élément de guidage (34).

5. Dispositif d'actionnement selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, comprenant un moyen pour commander manuellement l'élément (38) de commande des rails d'aiguillage et/ou comprenant des détecteurs (48) de position de rails d'aiguillage pour détecter la position des rails d'aiguillage (16, 18) par rapport à l'élément d'engagement des rails fixes (10, 12, 14).

6. Dispositif d'actionnement selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, comprenant un dispositif de commande électronique (24) pour effectuer une ou plusieurs des fonctions suivantes : gestion d'énergie, relais du signal d'entrée, détection de fautes, contrôle des performances ou du fonctionnement, relais du signal de sortie, stockage des données de performances ou de fonctionnement, de préférence dans lequel le dispositif de commande électronique (24) est en communication avec des détecteurs (48, 90, 114, 116) associés à au moins l'un des éléments, c'est-à-dire à la commande (28), à l'élément (38) de commande des rails d'aiguillage, au frein (26) et à un dispositif de surcharge (34), et/ou comprenant en outre un boîtier (20) aménagé pour jouer le rôle de traverse de rail.

7. Dispositif d'actionnement selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans lequel l'élément (38) de commande des rails d'aiguillage comprend une première et une seconde parties de commande (32, 36) couplées en série et un dispositif de surcharge (34) comprenant un couplage de verrouillage (84) entre les première et seconde parties de commande (32, 36) qui peut être libéré si une surcharge est appliquée à l'élément (38) de commande des rails d'aiguillage.

8. Dispositif d'actionnement selon la revendication 7, dans lequel le couplage de verrouillage (84) comprend un arrêt ménagé sur l'une des parties de commande (32) forcées à s'engager avec un élément de coopération sur l'autre partie de commande (36), qui peut être pressée hors d'engagement à l'encontre de la force de rappel si une surcharge est appliquée à l'une des parties pour désaccoupler les parties ce qui leur permet de se déplacer librement l'une par rapport à l'autre, et/ou comprenant en outre un détecteur (90, 92) associé au dispositif de surcharge (34) pour détecter une surcharge et délivrer un signal indicatif et/ou dans lequel l'élément (38) de commande des rails d'aiguillage peut être remis à zéro manuellement après une surcharge pour rebloquer la première et la seconde parties couplées l'une à l'autre.

9. Dispositif d'actionnement selon la revendication 4, dans lequel le au moins un élément de guidage comprend des tiges de guidage parallèles, le chariot de transmission (38) comprenant un premier et un second canaux de guidage (66) montés sur les tiges de guidage (64).

10. Dispositif d'actionnement selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, comprenant en outre un détecteur (48, 90, 114, 116) pour détecter un paramètre indicateur de l'état opérationnel du dispositif d'actionnement et un moyen (24) pour stocker des données historiques provenant du détecteur pour un usage dans la prédiction d'une défaillance sur la base desdites données historiques stockées.

11. Dispositif d'actionnement selon la revendication 10, comprenant en outre un boîtier (20) pour la commande (28), l'élément (38) de commande des rails d'aiguillage et le détecteur (48, 90, 114, 116), dans lequel le moyen de stockage comprend une unité de commande électronique (24) ménagée dans le boîtier (20) pour commander et/ou contrôler les performances et le fonctionnement du dispositif d'actionnement et/ou comprenant une pluralité de détecteurs.

12. Système d'actionnement pour un système d'aiguillage de voies de chemins de fer, comprenant des rails fixes (10, 12, 14) et des rails d'aiguillage (16,18) comprenant une pluralité de dispositifs d'actionnement ayant des détecteurs respectifs (48, 90, 114, 116) selon l'une quelconque des revendications 10 ou 11, chacun opérant sur une région différente de rails d'aiguillage, le système d'actionnement comprenant en outre un moyen pour combiner les données historiques issues de chaque détecteur pour un usage dans la prédiction d'une défaillance sur la base desdites données combinées.

13. Procédé d'aiguillage d'un système d'aiguillage de voies de chemins de fer comprenant des rails fixes (10, 12, 14) et des rails d'aiguillage (16, 18), le procédé comprenant les étapes de commande d'un élément (50, 52) d'engagement des rails fixes en engagement avec un rail fixe (10, 12, 14), puis de commande d'un rail d'aiguillage (16, 18) pour bloquer le rail fixe (10, 12, 14) entre le rail d'aiguillage (16, 18) et l'élément (50, 52) d'engagement de rail fixe.

14. Procédé selon la revendication 22, dans lequel la position du rail d'aiguillage (16, 18) par rapport au rail fixe (10, 12, 14) est détectée au cours de l'aiguillage.

Drawing