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(11) | EP 0 837 296 B1 |
| (12) | EUROPEAN PATENT SPECIFICATION |
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| (54) |
HEAT EXCHANGER OF ALUMINUM ALLOY WÄRMETAUSCHER AUS ALUMINIUMLEGIERUNG ECHANGEUR THERMIQUE EN ALLIAGE D'ALUMINIUM |
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| Note: Within nine months from the publication of the mention of the grant of the European patent, any person may give notice to the European Patent Office of opposition to the European patent granted. Notice of opposition shall be filed in a written reasoned statement. It shall not be deemed to have been filed until the opposition fee has been paid. (Art. 99(1) European Patent Convention). |
TECHNICAL FIELD
[0001] The present invention relates to a heat exchanger with a radiator and an oil cooler integrated that is produced by using aluminum alloy brazing sheets.
BACKGROUND ART
[0002] A heat exchanger having a radiator and an oil cooler in combination is manufactured by assembling a radiator core part (10) and an oil cooler part (11) (oil passages (7) formed by joining brazing sheets (8) are illustrated in a simplified manner in the drawings) and then mechanically associating them with tanks (6), for example, as shown perspectively in Fig. 4.
[0003] Herein, as is apparent from Fig.5 showing a perspective view, the radiator is made up of the radiator core part (10), comprising flat tubes (3), thin fins (1), side supports (12), and headers (4), and the tanks (6). Each of the corrugated thin fins (1) is formed between the flat tubes (3), with the corrugated thin fin integrated with the flat tubes, and the ends of the flat tubes (3) are open to space (2) formed by the headers (4) and the tanks (6), so that a high-temperature refrigerant is passed from the space in one tank through the flat tubes (3) to another space (2) of the other tank (6), to recirculate the refrigerant, whose temperature has been lowered due to the heat exchange at the tubes (3) and the fins (1).
[0004] The radiator part is assembled as follows: as the tube material and the header material, brazing sheets are used, wherein the core material is, for example, JIS 3003 alloy; the inner side on the core material, that is, the side to which the refrigerant constantly contacts is coated with JIS 7072 alloy as a lining material; and the outer side on the core material is clad with a usual filler material, such as JIS 4045; and the tubes and the headers are integrated with corrugated fins and other members by brazing.
[0005] In the oil cooler part (11), the oil passages (7) formed by joining the brazing sheets (8) extend through the space in the tank (2), and an oil having a high temperature passing through the passages (7) is cooled with the refrigerant passing through the space (2). For forming the oil passages, brazing sheets are used, wherein, as the core material, for example, JIS 3003 alloy is used; the outer side on the core material, that is, the side to which the refrigerant constantly contacts is clad, for example, with JIS 7072 alloy, and the inner side on the core material is clad, usually, with a filler material, such as JIS 4045. Generally the brazing sheets are brazed by heating them to a temperature of about 600 °C.
[0006] Thus, the radiator part and the oil cooler part are assembled by brazing at a temperature of about 600 °C. The brazing is carried out, for example, by the flux brazing method or the non-corrosive flux brazing method, wherein a non-corrosive flux is used.
[0007] However, conventionally the tank (6) is generally made of a resin material, and the tank (6) has to be attached in a step separated from the step of assembling the radiator part and the oil cooler part by brazing, so that there is a difficulty that additional step is required. Further, in such a heat exchanger, the part between the resin tank (6) and the header (4) that is fastened, is required to be caulked through a resin packing (5) or the like, which leads to a defect that crevice corrosion is apt to take place at the boundary between the resin packing (5) and the header (4).
[0008] Further, in recent years, recycling of material has attracted attention in view of effective use of resources on the earth. Heat exchangers, for automobiles are removed when the automobiles are disassembled, and they are melted as aluminum alloys for recycling. However, as shown in Fig. 4, when the heat exchanger has, as the tank (6), a tank made of resin, the resin tank has to be removed purposely when the automobile is disassembled, and that becomes a bottleneck in the recycling process.
[0009] Therefore, it is desirable that the tank also be made of an aluminum alloy and be assembled simultaneously by the brazing technique. However, after that brazing, the oil cooler part is brazed with it covered with the tank. Therefore, if the brazing of the oil cooler is incomplete, it cannot be repaired anymore. Thus, it is required that the brazing be effected completely, but it is conventionally difficult due to the following reason. Since the oil cooler part is covered with the tank, the temperature of the brazing is not elevated satisfactorily; and defective brazing is apt to occur. Further, if the heating is carried out to elevate the temperature satisfactorily so as not to cause defective brazing, the brazing temperature is elevated excessively for the radiator part, and thus inconveniently the filler material diffuses into the radiator tubes and the fins. Further, in the oil cooler, since the brazed part is in contact with a refrigerant, local corrosion is apt to occur due to the potential difference between the brazed part and the core material part. This problem cannot be solved by brazing by the conventional brazing technique.
[0010] Therefore, an object of the present invention is to provide a heat exchanger that is made of an aluminum alloy by using an aluminum material instead of a resin tank, can be easily recycled, is excellent in corrosion resistance, and can be produced without requiring a step of caulking a tank.
[0011] Other advantages of the invention will appear more fully from the following description, taken in connection with the accompanying drawings.
State of Art:
[0012] EP 637 481 A1 discloses an aluminum alloy brazing material for heat exchanges. This document is the basis for the preamble of claim 1.
DISCLOSURE OF INVENTION
[0013] The above object has been attained by providing a heat exchanger made of an aluminum alloy having the following constitution.
[0014] According to the present invention there is provided:
a heat exchanger made of an aluminum alloy having a radiator part and an oil cooler part in combination and assembled integrally by a brazing method, and a refrigerant tank for covering and sealing said oil cooler part, comprising the features of claim 1.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS
[0015]
Fig. 1 is a perspective view, partly in cross section, of an embodiment of the heat exchanger of the present invention with a radiator and an oil cooler integrated.
Fig. 2 is an illustrative view of an oil cooler part of another embodiment of the heat exchanger of the present invention made of an aluminum alloy.
Fig. 3 is an illustrative view of an oil cooler part of still another embodiment of the heat exchanger of the present invention made of an aluminum alloy.
Fig. 4 is a perspective view of a conventional heat exchanger having a radiator and an oil cooler in combination.
Fig. 5 is a perspective view of the conventional radiator.
BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
[0017] Fig. 1 is an embodiment of a heat exchanger of the present invention made of an aluminum alloy with a radiator and an oil cooler integrated by brazing (a double pipe-type, brazing-type heat exchanger), wherein instead of a resin tank (6) shown in Fig. 4, a tank (13) in which brazing sheets of an aluminum alloy are used is employed, and a header (4) of a radiator core part and the tank (13) are assembled by one step by brazing-heating. Accordingly a packing (5) as used in the prior art is not required. In the present invention, since the tank is made of an aluminum alloy and its joining is made by the brazing method, crevice corrosion between the tank and the header does not occur, and when the exchanger is recovered as waste refuse, the tank can also be recycled as an aluminum material without dismounting it. Further, since the header and the tank are integrated by one step of brazing, a step of caulking the tank is not required. In passing, in Fig. 1, the same reference numerals are used to indicate the corresponding parts of Fig. 4.
[0018] The present invention is directed to the thus integral heat exchanger and as the brazing alloy of the brazing sheets (e.g., the above brazing sheets (8) in Fig. 1) used for the oil cooler, an aluminum alloy containing Si in an amount from more than 7.0 wt% to 12.0 wt%, Fe in an amount from more than 0.05 wt% to 0.5 wt%, Cu in an amount from more than 0.4 wt% to 8.0 wt%, Zn in an amount from more than 0.5 wt% to 10.0 wt%, and the balance of aluminum and inevitable impurities, is used. This aluminum alloy is an alloy suggested as a low-temperature brazing alloy, for example, in JP-A ("JP-A" means unexamined published Japanese patent application) No. 90442/1995. The reason why brazing sheets clad with the brazing alloy having the above specified composition are used in the present production method is described below.
[0019] In the above brazing alloy, Si lowers the melting point of the alloy. If its amount is 7.0 wt% or less, the melting point is not lowered satisfactorily whereas if its amount is over 12.0 wt%, the melting point is elevated contrarily and therefore the brazing properties are deteriorated. In particular, taking the brazing flow property into account, the amount of Si to be added is desirably 8.0 to 11.0 wt%.
[0020] Fe functions to make the crystals fine to make high the strength of the fillet of the brazed joint when the brazing alloy is melted and is then allowed to solidify and if its amount is 0.05 wt% or less, the effect is not satisfactorily exhibited. When the brazing alloy is solidified, Fe forms intermetallic compounds, which act as starting points of corrosion. Accordingly, in view of the balance between the effect of making the crystals fine and the corrosiveness, the upper limit of the amount of Fe is 0.5 wt% and the amount of Fe is preferably 0.2 wt% or less in view of the corrosiveness.
[0021] Cu lowers the melting point of the alloy to improve the brazing alloy flow property. Further Cu serves to increase the outer corrosion resistance of the filler material. Since the brazed parts of the oil cooler come in direct contact with a refrigerant, the outer corrosion resistance is required. Here, in view of the corrosion resistance, if the amount of Cu is 0.4 wt% or less, its effect is not satisfactory. To secure stable brazing properties, the amount of Cu to be added is over 1.0 wt%. If the amount of Cu is over 8.0 wt%, since the electric potential of the brazing alloy becomes noble to make members constituting refrigerant passages preferentially corroded, that is, to make the corrosion resistance lowered and the workability in rolling of the alloy is lowered, the brazing alloy will not be suitable as a filler material used for brazing sheets for the heat exchanger. Therefore, when the amount of Cu is over 1.0 wt% but 8.0 wt%, preferably 4.0 wt% or less to take the workability in rolling into account, and particularly from 1.0 to 3.5 wt%, stable properties are exhibited.
[0022] The addition of Zn lowers the melting point of the alloy to stabilize the brazing properties. Further, a conventional brazing alloy wherein Cu is added as in the present invention had the problem that the electric potential of the brazing alloy becomes nobler than that of the core and the outer corrosion occurs in a pitted pattern and at a high speed. The addition of Zn in this invention lowers the electric potential of the brazing alloy to bring the electric potential of the brazing alloy near to the electric potential of the core alloy to improve the corrosion resistance. However, if its amount is 0.5 wt% or less, its effect is not satisfactory whereas if its amount is over 10.0 wt%, since the corrosion resistance of the brazing alloy itself is lowered and the workability in rolling of the alloy is lowered, the brazing alloy is not suitable as a filler material to be used for brazing sheets for the heat exchanger. Although the above range is within the present invention, taking the brazing alloy flow properties into account, in the present alloy, the amount of Zn to be added is desirably over 2.0 wt%, and taking the workability in rolling into account, the amount of Zn to be added is desirably 6.0 wt% or less, preferably 5.0 wt% or less.
[0023] As inevitable impurities, other elements may be contained if the amounts are 0.30 wt% or less respectively, and the amounts are desirably 0.05 wt% or less respectively. Herein typical inevitable impurities include Ni, Cr, Zr, Ti, Mg, etc. which are often added into brazing sheets.
[0024] Herein, the brazing conditions employed in the present invention may be usual conditions under which the radiator can be brazed without any problems. That is, there is no particular restriction and, for example, the flux brazing method and the non-corrosive flux brazing wherein a non-corrosive flux is used can be used. For example, assembling, cleaning, and, if required, applying a flux before the brazing may be carried out in a usual manner.
[0025] In the present invention, so long as the radiator and the oil cooler are integrated, there is no particular restriction on the type of the heat exchanger made of an aluminum alloy and various types can be formed. Examples of the heat exchanger are illustrated in Figs. 2 and 3. The oil cooler part shown in Fig. 2 is of a double pipe type having an inner pipe and an outer pipe. In Fig. 2, the radiator core part is omitted since it may be basically the same as that in Fig. 1. In Fig. 2, (14) indicates a tubular oil cooler, which comprises an inner pipe (15) and an outer pipe (16). (19) indicates an aluminum alloy tank. The same reference numerals as those in Fig. 1 are used to indicate the corresponding same parts. (17) indicates a pipe and (18) indicates a connector. As shown in Fig. 2, the aluminum alloy tank (19) is made of brazing sheets and is brazed integrally to a header plate (4). Herein, the inside of the outer pipe (16) is made of the filler material having the specified composition according to the present invention. Fig. 3 shows another embodiment of the oil cooler part that is of a multi-plate type. In Fig. 3, (20) indicates an oil cooler, (21) indicates inner fins, (22) indicates a tube plate, and (23) indicates an aluminum alloy tank made of brazing sheets, the same reference numerals as those in Fig. 2 being used to indicate the corresponding same parts. In Fig. 3, the inside of the tube plate (22) is made of a brazing sheet clad with the specified filler material according to the present invention. In Fig. 3, the tank (23) is brazed integrally to the header plate (4).
EXAMPLE
[0026] The present invention is specifically described with reference to the following examples, but the present invention is not restricted to the following examples.
Example 1
[0028] A heat exchanger wherein a radiator and an oil cooler were integrally formed as shown in Fig. 1 and the tank material was aluminum alloy brazing sheets was produced under heating conditions of 600 °C x 5 min. Any packings were not used. The materials of the radiator are shown in Table 1. The tubes of the radiator were tubes electroseamed by using the tube material shown in Table 1. As the material for the oil cooler, brazing sheets having the following constitution were used. In their constitution, the brazing sheets were made by press molding O-material plates having a thickness of 0.6 mm, wherein the core material was an Al-0.5wt%Si-0.3wt%Fe-0.5wt%Cu-1.1wt%Mn alloy, the sacrificial material outside the core material of an Al-2wt%Zn alloy was clad thereon, and the brazing alloy inside the core material shown in Table 2, was clad thereon in amounts of 10% for the total thickness respectively.
[0029] The oil cooler part was cut from the obtained heat exchanger and the leakage test and the corrosion test were performed.
Table 2
| No. | Si | Fe | Cu | Zn | In | Sn | Al | |
| Example of the present invention | A1 | 10.2 | 0.08 | 2.5 | 3.9 | - | - | balance |
| B1 | 9.2 | 0.12 | 0.7 | 1.1 | - | - | balance | |
| C1 | 9.9 | 0.09 | 1.6 | 2.2 | - | - | balance | |
| D1 | 10.1 | 0.10 | 3.8 | 4.3 | - | - | balance | |
| E1 | 8.5 | 0.09 | 2.6 | 2.5 | 0.02 | - | balance | |
| F1 | 10.5 | 0.28 | 2.4 | 4.6 | - | 0.02 | balance | |
| Comparative Example | G1 | 10.0 | 0.07 | - | 3.0 | - | - | balance |
| H1 | 5.6 | 0.15 | 1.5 | 3.4 | - | - | balance | |
| I1 | 9.9 | 0.08 | 2.6 | 0.2 | - | - | balance | |
| Conventional Example | J1 | 8.5 | 0.41 | - | - | - | - | balance |
| K1 | 10.1 | 0.42 | - | - | - | - | balance | |
| (wt%) | ||||||||
[0030] The corrosion test was performed in such a way that from the oil cooler a part that had no leakage defect was cut out, the end of the part was masked, the part was immersed for 5 months in a tap water to which Cu2+ ions had been added to give a concentration 10 ppm, and cycles of 80 °C x 8 hours and room temperature x 16 hours were repeated. The state of formation of corrosion around the brazed section was examined in cross section.
[0032] Since the oil cooler part was covered with the heater tank in Examples A1 to F1, the temperature reached at brazing was lower than 600 °C, that was 570 to 585 °C, the brazing of the oil cooler was good and no leakage defect occurred because of the use of the filler material for low-temperature at this part. Further, the potential difference between the brazing alloy and the core material alloy in any of these Examples was within 100 mV. As a result, through-hole corrosion did not occur in the corrosion test.
[0033] In contrast, in Comparative Example H1, wherein the amount of Si was smaller than that of the present invention, and in the prior art Examples J1 and K1, wherein Cu and Zn were not contained, the oil coolers were brazed incompletely, and leakaging parts were recognized in the leakage test.
[0034] Further, in Comparative Examples G1 and I1 and the prior art Examples J1 and K1, wherein Cu and Zn were outside the present invention, the potential difference between the brazing alloy and the core material was over 100 mV. As a result, through-hole corrosions occurred in the corrosion test.
INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY
1. A heat exchanger made of an aluminum alloy having a radiator part and an oil cooler
part in combination and manufactured integrally by a brazing method and a refrigerant
tank for covering and sealing said oil cooler part, characterized in that said refrigerant tank for covering and sealing said oil cooler part is made of an
aluminum alloy, and that an aluminum brazing alloy containing Si in an amount from
more than 7.0 wt% to 12.0 wt%, Fe in an amount from more than 0.05 wt% to 0.5 wt%,
Cu in an amount from more than 0.4 wt% to 8.0 wt%, Zn in an amount from more than
0.5 wt% to 10.0 wt%, the balance being aluminum and inevitable impurities is used
as a filler material for the brazing sheets that are used for said oil cooler part
and are brazed in said tank, and that said refrigerant tank is brazed and assembled
integrally with the header plate of the radiator part and said oil cooler part by
brazing with said brazing material in one step and that the refrigerant tank is brazed
and assembled with the header plate without using a packing.
2. The heat exchanger made of an aluminum alloy as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that said aluminum alloy used as said brazing alloy of said brazing sheets additionally
contains one or both of In in an amount from more than 0.002 wt% to 0.3 wt% and Sn
in an amount from more than 0.002 wt% to 0.3 wt%.
3. The heat exchanger made of an aluminum alloy as claimed in claims 1 or 2, wherein
the heat exchanger is a double pipe-type, brazing-type heat exchanger, a inside-outside
double pipe type heat exchanger, or a multi-plate type heat exchanger.
1. Wärmetauscher, der aus einer Aluminiumlegierung hergestellt wird, mit einem Radiatorteil
und einem Ölkühlerteil in Kombination, die integral durch ein Hartlötverfahren hergestellt
werden, und einem Kühlmitteltank zur Umhüllung und Abdichtung des Ölkühlerteils, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Kühlmitteltank zur Umhüllung und Abdichtung des Ölkühlerteils aus einer Aluminiumlegierung
hergestellt wird, und daß eine Aluminium-Hartlotlegierung, die Si in einer Menge von
mehr als 7,0 Gew.% bis 12,0 Gew.%, Fe in einer Menge von mehr als 0,05 Gew.% bis 0,5
Gew.%, Cu in einer Menge von mehr als 0,4 Gew.% bis 8,0 Gew.%, Zn in einer Menge von
mehr als 0,5 Gew.% bis 10,0 Gew.% enthält, wobei der Rest aus Aluminium und unvermeidliche
Verunreinigungen besteht, als ein Füllmaterial für die Hartlotbleche verwendet wird,
die für das Ölkühlerteil verwendet werden und in dem Tank hartgelötet werden, und
daß der Kühlmitteltank integral mit der Kopfplatte des Radiatorteils und dem Ölkühlerteil
durch Hartlöten mit dem Hartlotmaterial in einem Schritt hartgelötet und zusammengebaut
wird und daß der Kühlmitteltank mit der Kopfplatte hartgelötet und zusammengebaut
wird, ohne eine Dichtung zu verwenden.
2. Wärmetauscher, der aus einer Aluminiumlegierung hergestellt wird, nach Anspruch 1,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Aluminiumlegierung, die als die Hartlotlegierung der Hartlotbleche verwendet
wird, zusätzlich In in einer Menge von mehr als 0,002 Gew.% bis 0,3 Gew.% und/oder
Sn in einer Menge von mehr als 0,002 Gew.% bis 0,3 Gew.% enthält.
3. Wärmetauscher, der aus einer Aluminiumlegierung hergestellt wird, nach Anspruch 1
oder 2, wobei der Wärmetauscher ein Doppelrohr-Hartlot-Wärmetauscher, ein Innen-/Außen-Doppelrohrwärmetauscher
oder ein Mehrplatten-Wärmetauscher ist.
1. Un échangeur thermique réalisé en alliage d'aluminium, ayant une partie radiateur
et une partie refroidisseur d'huile en combinaison et réalisées en une seule pièce
par une méthode de brasage et un réservoir de réfrigérant pour couvrir et étanchéifier
ladite partie refroidisseur d'huile, caractérisé en ce que ledit réservoir de réfrigérant pour couvrir et étanchéifier ladite partie refroidisseur
d'huile est réalisé en alliage d'aluminium, et qu'un alliage de brasage de l'aluminium
contenant du Si à une teneur allant de plus de 7,0 % en poids à 12,0 % en poids, du
Fe à une teneur allant de plus de 0,05 % en poids à 0,5 % en poids, du Cu à une teneur
allant de plus de 0,4 % en poids à 8,0 % en poids, du Zn à une teneur allant de plus
de 0,5 % en poids à 10,0 % en poids, le solde étant constitué d'aluminium et des inévitables
impuretés, est utilisé comme matériau de remplissage pour les tôles de brasage utilisées
pour ladite partie refroidisseur d'huile et sont brasées dans ledit réservoir, et
en ce que ledit réservoir de réfrigérant est brasé et assemblé de façon intégrale avec la plaque
collectrice de la partie radiateur et ladite partie refroidisseur d'huile par brasure
avec ledit matériau de brasage en une étape et en ce que le réservoir de réfrigérant est brasé et assemblé avec la plaque collectrice sans
utiliser de garniture.
2. L'échangeur thermique réalisé en alliage d'aluminium selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que ledit alliage d'aluminium utilisé comme ledit alliage de brasage desdites tôles de
brasage contient en sus l'un ou chacun des deux éléments que sont l'In à une teneur
allant de plus de 0,002 % en poids à 0,3% en poids et le Sn à une teneur allant de
plus de 0,002 % en poids à 0,3 % en poids.
3. L'échangeur thermique réalisé en alliage d'aluminium selon la revendication 1 ou 2,
dans lequel l'échangeur thermique est un échangeur thermique du type à double tube
et à brasure, un échangeur thermique du type à double tube intérieur-extérieur, ou
un échangeur thermique du type multi-plaque.