1. Field of the Invention
[0001] The present invention relates to a method of manufacturing an article equipped with
structural members as indicated in the precharacterising portion of claim 1. Such
a method is known from US-A-2 596 888. Articles equipped with structural members as
referred to herein may be articles for opening and closing apertures of, for example,
clothing, cases, bags, storage casings, or footwear.
2. Description of the Related Art
[0002] In a conventional method of manufacturing an article equipped with structural members
of this type, described, for example, in terms of a slide fastener and its chain,
slide fastener structural members were manufactured consisting of metal or alloy,
and these were mounted on a side border section in the longitudinal direction of a
fastener tape to constitute a slide fastener or its chain, and the article thus obtained
was finally subjected to plating treatment. A known example is the technique disclosed
in Laid-open Japanese Patent Application Number H. 10-18046.
[0003] With such slide fasteners or their chains, the aforementioned structural members,
specifically, elements and stop members, were individually cut from an elongate material
and, after being subjected to bending processing, mounted onto a tape. Furthermore,
in the case of the elements, head forming must be performed by plastic processing
in order to produce engagement heads. Also, in the case of the slider, the slider
is manufactured by subjecting an elongate material to multi-step plastic processing
and cutting the material into individual sections, and then the slider is mounted
on the fastener chain. Thus, the present situation is that the fastener structural
members mounted on the fastener tape must be manufactured by the prior art described
above taking into account the effects of the various kinds of plastic processing described
above on the plating (such as wear, exfoliation and cracking).
[0004] Also, in manufacture, the entire surface of the presented portions of the slide fasteners
or their chains manufactured by the conventional method of manufacture presents a
single coloration, and the elements and stop members also present the same coloration.
Regarding fastener tapes, products in which various different kinds of coloring are
produced are being commercialized, but, as mentioned above, their structural members
are of a single coloration only, so, in highly decorative slide fasteners, further
improvement in this respect is demanded. Furthermore, in order to provide such highly
decorative products, it is important from the manufacturing point of view to be able
to perform various types of plating treatment, yet it must be ensured that carrying
out these various types of plating treatment does not give rise to any problems regarding
quality or function. For example, when plating treatment, for example wet plating
was performed as in the prior art, plating liquid penetrated into the fastener tape
and was left behind. In some cases, in order to prevent the plating liquid from being
left behind, washing treatment in a bath mixed with detergent had to be performed
several times. Depending on the material properties of the fastener tape, this gave
rise to the problem of impairing the feeling or sensation of quality, etc.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
[0005] Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to provide a method of manufacturing
an article equipped with structural members and an article equipped with structural
members, wherein the effect of the various types of plastic processing on the plating
film is slight, enabling a highly decorative product to be provided, and, furthermore,
wherein there are no problems regarding product quality and function even though it
is subjected to various types of plating treatment.
[0006] The present invention is defined in claim 1. Preferred embodiment, of the invention
are described in claims 2-4.
[0007] The article equipped with structural members may comprise a slide fastener or its
chain, or clothing to which engagement members such as or buttons, etc. are attached;
in the case of a slide fastener or its chain, the structural members may comprise
the elements, stop members (top and lower stop members) and pull tab, etc.; the substrate
to be equipped with these substrate structural members (hereinafter, referred to as
"substrate") may comprise the fastener tape. In the case where the structural members
comprise a slider, the article may be the slide fastener chain. Also, in the case
of clothing on which engagement members such as buttons are to be fixed, the structural
members may be the engagement members such as buttons while the substrate may be the
clothing or tape to be mounted on the clothing.
[0008] The elongate body may be a linear body of circular cross-sectional shape, modified
cross-sectional shape or rectangular cross-sectional shape, or a plate-shaped body
of rectangular cross-sectional shape. In the case of the elements, a modified cross-section
wire of approximately Y-shaped cross section, or a circular (round) wire of circular-shaped
cross section or a rectangular wire of rectangular cross section prior to the formation
of the modified cross-section wire may be employed. In the case of the stop members,
a rectangular wire whose cross-sectional shape is rectangular or a modified cross-section
wire whose cross-sectional shape is approximately X-shaped may be employed. Also,
in the case of the slider or buttons, a plate-shaped body of rectangular cross section
may be employed.
[0009] There is no particular restriction on the material of the elongate body so long as
this is metallic or an alloy, and copper alloys such as red brass, brass, or German
silver, or aluminum alloys such as A5056, or A5052 may be employed.
[0010] As the technique for plating treatment, either a wet or dry technique may be employed.
For wet plating, for example electrolytic plating, electroless plating, or hot-melt
plating (coating), etc. may be employed. For dry plating, an ion plating method or
physical vapor-phase deposition (PVD) such as a sputtering method, or chemical vapor-phase
deposition (CVD), etc. may be employed. Specific examples of plating films that may
be employed include Sn plating, Ni plating, Au plating, black Ni plating, Ag plating,
or Cu-Sn plating, etc.
[0011] In the present invention, the plating thickness formed by the above plating treatment
must be made in the range of film thickness 0.005 - 5 µm. This is because, if it is
less than 0.005 µm, little benefit is obtained by coating the elongate body and, if
the structural members, which have been mounted on the body, are subjected to some
sort of external force, problems of wear or exfoliation, etc. arise, for example,
in the case of a slide fastener, due to frictional force produced by the sliding of
the slider, or, in the case of clothing equipped with engagement members such as buttons,
due to frictional force occurring on the engagement action of the engagement members
or due to pressing force during such action. And this is because, if 5 µm is exceeded,
although this might be considered from the economic point of view, problems such as
exfoliation or cracking tend to occur at the processed surface when subjected to plastic
processing such as cutting processing, pressing, bending or calking. As in the case
of the elements, slider or the like of a slide fastener, they tend to be worn due
to considerable frictional force by sliding actions or large forces applied during
processing. Furthermore, also in the case of structural members that are subjected
to plastic deformation of large amount or in multiple steps, wear tends to occur.
Consequently, the plating thickness formed by the above plating treatment should be
in the range of film thickness 0.005 - 5 µm.
[0012] As specific embodiments of the present invention, the following three embodiments
may be considered; however, the present invention is not restricted to these.
[0013] Firstly, the coloration of the elongate body and the coloration of the plating may
be made of different coloration; thus, decorative effect can be increased by giving
different colors to the cut surfaces and the other surfaces. Secondly, the coloration
of the plating may be given an appearance such as that of the conventionally employed
German silver, containing Ni, by forming, on an elongate body containing Ni or not
containing Ni, a plating to prevent Ni allergy on portions which may be anticipated
to come into contact with the human body. Thirdly, consideration may be given to reducing
the weight of the elongate body and using plating to mitigate problems such as wear
which would otherwise be produced thereby.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0014]
Figure 1 is a diagram of a slide fastener to which the present invention is applied;
Figure 2 is an illustration of a method of mounting an upper stop member and lower
stop member onto the slide fastener illustrated in Figure 1 and;
Figure 3 is a view showing a method of manufacturing a slider; and
Figure 4 is a view showing a method of manufacturing a button.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
[0015] Specific embodiments are described below with reference to the drawings, taking slide
fasteners as an example.
[0016] Figure 1 is a diagram of a slide fastener. As shown in Figure 1, a slide fastener
comprises: a pair of fastener tapes 1, 1 formed with a core 2 at the edge on one side,
elements 3 fixed (mounted) by calking at prescribed intervals on the core 2 of the
fastener tape 1, a top stop member 4 and a lower stop member 5 fixed by calking to
the core 2 of the fastener tape 1 at the upper end and lower end of elements 3, and
a slider 6 which is free to slide in the vertical direction so as to effect meshing
or separation of the elements 3, being arranged between opposite pairs of the elements
3. In the above, where the elements 3 are mounted on the core 2 of the fastener tape
1, the resultant article is termed a fastener chain 7. Also, as shown in Figure 3,
a slider 6 shown in Figure 1 is produced by multi-stage press processing of an elongate
body consisting of a plate-shaped body of rectangular cross section, and cutting this
at prescribed intervals to manufacture a main slider body and furthermore, if necessary,
mounting a spring and a pull tab thereon. The pull tab could be employed produced
by punching out, at intervals of a prescribed shape, from the plate-shaped body of
rectangular cross section, and fixing this to the main slider body by calking.
[0017] Figure 2 is a view showing a method of manufacturing the elements 3, the top stop
member 4 and lower stop member 5 of the slide fastener shown in Figure 1, and a way
of mounting these onto the core 2 of the fastener tape 1. As shown in this Figure,
the elements 3 are produced by cutting a modified cross-section wire 8 of approximately
Y-shaped cross section at intervals of prescribed dimension and forming these with
engagement heads 9 by press forming; these are then mounted onto the core 2 of the
fastener tape 1 by calking both foot parts 10 thereof. The top stop member 4 is produced
by cutting a rectangular wire 11 of rectangular cross section at intervals of a prescribed
dimension and forming the cross section into an approximately U-shape by bending processing;
this is then mounted on to the core 2 of the fastener tape 1 by calking. The lower
stop member 5 is produced by cutting a modified cross-section wire 12 of approximately
X-shaped cross section at intervals of a prescribed dimension and then mounting onto
the core 2 of the fastener tape 1 by calking. Although, in the Figure, the elements
3 and upper and lower stop members 4 and 5 are simultaneously mounted onto the fastener
tape 1, in fact, first of all, the fastener chain is produced by continuously mounting
the elements 3 onto the fastener tape 1, then the elements 3 of the fastener chain
in the region where the stop members will be mounted are removed, and the prescribed
stop members 4 and 5 are mounted adjacent to elements 3 in these regions.
[0018] Figure 4 is a cross-sectional view showing a method of manufacturing a button. As
shown in this Figure, an elongate body consisting of a plate-shaped body of rectangular
cross section is punched out into prescribed shapes and these are used to form the
surface member of the button as shown in the Figure by press forming. As shown in
Figure, the button surface member is fixed by calking onto a button mounting member
and this is sewn onto the clothing or the tape.
[0019] The present invention is specifically described below with reference to Examples
thereof, in which plated film thicknesses in the ranges 0.001 µm to 10 µm and more
particularly to 0.005 µm to 5 µm were prepared.
[0020] A modified cross-section wire having an approximately Y-shaped cross section and
a round wire having a circular-shaped cross section were manufactured from a red brass
consisting of Cu
balZn
15(wt%). On the surface of each wire, a gold plating layer was formed by electrolytic
plating in an acidic bath under the conditions: potassium gold cyanide 1 - 30 g/l,
temperature 20 - 60°C, and current density 0.1 - 1 A/dm
2. Alternatively, a gold plating film was formed on the surface of each wire by electroless
plating in an acidic bath under the conditions: potassium gold cyanide 0.5 - 8 g/l,
and temperature 70 - 90 °C.
Example 2
[0021] A modified cross-section wire having an approximately Y-shaped cross section and
a round wire having a circular-shaped cross section were manufactured from a red brass
consisting of Cu
bal.Zn
15(wt%), and, on the surfaces of these, a black nickel plating film was formed by electrolytic
plating in an acidic bath under the conditions: nickel sulfate 75 g/l, nickel ammonium
sulfate 45 - 60 g/l, zinc sulfate 8 - 38 g/l, temperature 20 - 55 °C, and current
density 0.05 - 2 A/dm
2.
Example 3
[0022] A modified cross-section wire having an approximately Y-shaped cross section and
a round wire having a circular-shaped cross section were manufactured from a brass
consisting of Cu
bal.Zn
30(wt%), and, on the surfaces of these, a black nickel plating film was formed by electrolytic
plating in an acidic bath under the conditions: nickel sulfate 75 g/l, nickel ammonium
sulfate 45 - 60 g/l, zinc sulfate 8 - 38 g/l, temperature 20 - 55 °C, and current
density 0.05 - 2 A/dm
2.
Example 4
[0023] A modified cross-section wire having an approximately Y-shaped cross section and
a round wire having a circular-shaped cross section were manufactured from a brass
consisting of Cu
bal.Zn
30(wt%). On the surface of each wire, a tin plating film was formed by electroless plating
in an acidic bath under the conditions: tin concentration 14 - 24 g/l, and temperature
48 - 52 °C. Alternatively, a tin plating film was formed on the surface by electrolytic
plating in an acidic bath, under the conditions: tin concentration 30 - 80 g/l, temperature
15 - 50 °C, and current density 2 - 100 A/dm
2.
Example 5
[0024] A modified cross-section wire having an approximately Y-shaped cross section and
a round wire having a circular-shaped cross section were manufactured from a German
silver consisting of Cu
bal.Zn
24Ni
13(wt%). On the surface of each wire, a gold plating film was formed by electrolytic
plating in an acidic bath, under the conditions: potassium gold cyanide 1 - 30 g/l,
temperature 20 - 60 °C, and current density 0.1 - 1 A/dm
2. Alternatively, a gold plating film was formed on the surface of each wire by electroless
plating in an acidic bath under the conditions: potassium gold cyanide 0.5 - 8 g/l,
and temperature 70 - 90 °C.
Example 6
[0025] A modified cross-section wire having an approximately Y-shaped cross section and
a round wire having a circular-shaped cross were manufactured from German silver consisting
of Cu
bal.Zn
24Ni
13(wt%). On the surface of each wire, a tin plating film was formed by electroless plating
in an acidic bath under the conditions: tin concentration 14 - 24 g/l, and temperature
48 - 52 °C. Alternatively, a tin plating film was formed on the surface of each wire
by electrolytic plating in an acidic bath, under the conditions: tin concentration
30 - 80 g/l, temperature 15 - 50 °C, and current density 2 - 100 A/dm
2.
Example 7
[0026] A modified cross-section wire having an approximately Y-shaped cross section and
a round wire having a circular-shaped cross were manufactured from A5056 consisting
of Al
bal.Mg
5Mn
0.08Cr
0.1Ti
0.008(wt%). On the surface of each wire, a nickel plating film was formed by electroless
plating in an acidic bath under the conditions: nickel sulfate 20 g/l, sodium hypophosphite
25 g/l, and temperature 90 °C. Alternatively, a nickel plating film was formed on
the surface of each wire by electrolytic plating in an acidic bath, under the conditions:
nickel sulfate 240 - 340 g/l, nickel chloride 40 - 70 g/l, boric acid 40 - 50 g/l,
temperature 45 - 60 °C, and current density 1 - 12 A/dm
2.
Example 8
[0027] A modified cross-section wire having an approximately Y-shaped cross section and
a round wire having a circular-shaped cross section were manufactured from A5052 consisting
of Al
bal.Mg
2.5Mn
0.08Cr
0.17Ti
0.01(wt%), and, on the surfaces of these, a nickel plating film was formed by electroless
plating in an acidic bath under the conditions: nickel sulfate 20 g/l, sodium hypophosphite
25 g/l, and temperature 90 °C. Alternatively, a nickel plating film was formed on
the surface by electrolytic plating in an acidic bath, under the conditions: nickel
sulfate 240 - 340 g/l, nickel chloride 40 - 70 g/l, boric acid 40 - 50 g/l, temperature
45 - 60 °C, and current density 1 - 12 A/dm
2.
(Manufacture of Samples)
[0028] Wires formed with the various types of plating films obtained by Examples 1 - 8 were
cut at prescribed dimensions and subjected to press forming to obtain fastener elements
3; these were fixed by calking onto a fastener tape 1 to produce a slide fastener
chain. The evaluation described below was conducted using these slide fastener chains.
In the case of the round wire of circular cross section, the round wires each having
the above-mentioned plating film thereon were subjected to multi-stage rolling to
form into modified cross-section wires of Y-shaped cross section and subsequently
used to produce slide fastener chains in the same way as ← in the case of using the
modified cross-section wires.
(Evaluation of the samples)
[0029] Corrosion resistance and ornamental property were tested on the slide fastener chains
which were thus obtained in Examples 1 - 8.
[0030] For the evaluation of corrosion resistance, a constant-temperature constant-humidity
test was performed by exposure for two hours to an atmosphere of 90 % RH at 80 °C,
and the change in color of the surfaces of elements 3 was then examined by visual
observation. This evaluation was conducted before and after the test. Samples which
showed a change on visual observation are indicated by the symbol X, while those which
showed no change are indicated by the symbol ○.
[0031] For the evaluation of ornamental property, a slider 6 was mounted on a pair of the
slide fastener chains obtained above and a test of durability to reciprocating opening
and closing 3000 times was performed, after which visual observation was used to determine
whether or not the base material was exposed from the plating film. In this evaluation,
after the test, samples in which the base material was exposed to visual observation
are indicated by the symbol X while those in which it was not exposed are indicated
by the symbol ○.
[0032] These results are shown in Table 1. From the results of Table 1, it can be seen that
slide fasteners and their chains manufactured by the method of the present invention
have excellent corrosion resistance and ornamental property.
Table 1
Example |
Plating film |
Corrosion
resistance |
Ornamental
property |
1 |
Au plating (electrolytic /electroless) |
○ |
○ |
2 |
Black Ni plating |
○ |
○ |
3 |
Black Ni plating |
○ |
○ |
4 |
Sn plating (electrolytic /electroless) |
○ |
○ |
5 |
Au plating (electrolytic /electroless) |
○ |
○ |
6 |
Sn plating (electrolytic /electroless) |
○ |
○ |
7 |
Ni plating (electrolytic /electroless) |
○ |
○ |
8 |
Ni plating (electrolytic /electroless) |
○ |
○ |
[0033] Also, when these slide fastener chains were sewn onto clothing and various types
of washing tests were conducted, corrosion resistance and ornamental properties were
found to be excellent. Furthermore, in respect of these slide fastener chains, excellent
results were obtained in characteristic evaluations including those specified in JIS
(Japanese Industrial Standard) S 3015, such as crosswise strength of the chains, bending
and crosswise pulling strength, top stop holding strength, sliding and pulling-out
strength of the elements 3, sliding resistance, slider locking strength of the slider
6 and durability to reciprocating opening and closure (M grade) of slider 6.
[0034] Furthermore, the relationship between the properties and the plating film thickness
was investigated in respect of the above examples 1 - 8. If the film thickness is
less than 0.005 µm, the less the film thickness becomes, the higher the tendency of
exfoliation becomes due to wear caused when the test samples were subjected to rolling,
pressing and calking. Also, exfoliation more often occurs due to wear when the slider
6 was mounted and slid. Further, corrosion more easily occurs in corrosive environments.
On the other hand, in the case where the thickness was more than 5 µm, with increasing
the thicknesses, cracking due to processing more often occurs under rolling, pressing
and calking.
(Evaluation of the Examples)
[0035] Slide fastener chains were produced using the plated wires obtained in accordance
with Example 1. Further, a rectangular wire and a modified cross-section wire of approximately
X-shaped cross section, and an elongate plate, all plated, were prepared in the same
procedures as described in Example 1 and upper and lower stop members 4,5 and sliders
6 were formed respectively. These stop members and sliders were mounted and fixed
onto the above-mentioned slide fastener chains by calking to provide slide fasteners.
With the slide fasteners that were thus obtained, cut faces had a red brass color,
but the surface regions of all of the structural members were of gold color produced
by gold plating; thus, the portions that were exposed to outer view presented a gold
color, providing excellent ornamental properties.
[0036] Slide fasteners were produced in as described above using materials prepared in accordance
with Examples 2 and 3. In the slide fasteners that were thus obtained, the cut faces
were of red brass or brass color but all of the surface portions of the structural
members were of black nickel, produced by the black nickel plating; thus, the planar
portions that were exposed to outer view presented a black nickel color, while the
red brass or brass color of the cut faces was displayed depending on viewing angle;
by the contrast of these, excellent ornamental properties were obtained.
[0037] Slide fasteners were produced as described above, using the materials prepared in
accordance with Examples 4 and 6. With the slide fastener that was thus obtained,
while the base material was of brass or German silver color, all of the surface portions
of the structural members were of white color like German silver, produced by the
tin plating; thus, when used as a slide fastener, portions that are in contact with
the body are protected by the tin plating, so an anti-nickel slide fastener having
a color tone like German silver can be produced. However, when the possibility of
exfoliation, cracking, or wear of the plating film is taken into account, brass or
red brass as described above are preferable as base materials. Also, in this case,
there is not much difference of coloration between the base material and the plating
film, so even if there is some exfoliation, cracking or wear, it does not cause any
particular problems regarding coloration.
[0038] Slide fasteners were produced as described above, using materials prepared in accordance
with Example 5. With the slide fasteners that were thus obtained, the cut faces were
of German silver, but the surface regions of all of the structural members were of
gold color produced by gold plating; thus, the planar portions that were exposed to
outer view presented a gold color, and the German silver color of the cut faces was
displayed depending on viewing angle. Thus, excellent ornamental properties were provided
by the contrast of these, just as in the case of Examples 2 and 3.
[0039] Slide fasteners were produced as described above, using the materials prepared in
accordance with Examples 7 and 8. With the slide fasteners that were thus obtained,
the base material consisted of aluminum alloy, thereby enabling weight reduction of
the slide fastener to be achieved. Also, since a nickel plating film was formed at
the surface portions that were presented to view, a high-class impression was presented,
and the product was of excellent wear resistance.
[0040] With the method of manufacture according to the present invention, thanks to the
restriction of the thickness of the plating film, the structural members can be manufactured
after plating treatment and these can be mounted onto the substrate; also, an article
equipped with these structural members can be provided thereby wherein even if this
is subjected to cutting processing or plastic processing, there is no detrimental
effect of the processing on the plating. Also, since the coloration of the structural
members in portions that are presented to view can be changed and the structural members
can be mounted on the substrate after plating treatment, mounting can also be effected
choosing structural members of different coloration. Furthermore, since structural
members after plating treatment are mounted on the substrate, the substrate is not
subjected to the effect of the plating treatment, making it possible to provide products
which fully exploit the characteristic features which this material possesses.