[0001] The present invention relates to lifting shackle assemblies for use with lifting
anchors incorporated into a concrete component such as a slab or panel prior to casting
of the concrete in order to provide a lifting point by which the component can be
lifted. More particularly, the invention relates to a clutch for use in a lifting
shackle assembly.
[0002] Lifting shackle assemblies for use with lifting anchors generally comprise a shackle
plate having an eye at one end to receive a lifting cable and, at the other end, a
clutch with a bolt for releasable engagement with an eye of the lifting anchor.
[0003] A conventional form of lifting shackle assembly is shown in Figure 1 (a side view)
and Figure 2 (a front view) of the accompanying drawings. The shackle assembly comprises
a shackle plate 2 having at one end portion an eye 4 for attachment of a lifting cable
and at the other end portion a loop 6 engaged within the body of a ring clutch 8.
The ring clutch 8 is of the general type described in the Australian patent 544,832
and comprises an annular body 10 having a central aperture 12 through which passes
the loop 6 of the shackle plate 2. An arcuate bolt 14 mounted within a channel-like
passage in the body 10 is movable between a position in which a radial aperture 16
at the bottom of the body 10 is open and a position in which the bolt 14 projects
through the aperture 16 to engage the eye of a lifting anchor (not shown) received
within the aperture. Operation of the bolt 14 is effected by means of an integral
radial arm 17 projecting externally from the body 10 and either directly manually
activated or engaged with an operating rope to effect a remote movement of the arm
17 from the ground to release the clutch from the anchor after the component has been
lifted into position. Figure 1 shows the bolt 14 in its engaged position projecting
through the aperture 16 and the bolt 14 is displaced into its released position by
anticlockwise rotation of the arm 17 through approximately 90° from the position shown.
[0004] Lifting shackle assemblies as just described are commonly used in face-lift and edge-lift
situations in which the component, typically a concrete slab or panel, is lifted either
from its face or from its edge, this being determined by the placement of the lifting
anchors in the component. In lifting situations involving a change in the orientation
of the component typically at the commencement of lifting in face-lift tilt up and
in some forms of edge-lift, if the bolt has not been fully engaged with the lifting
anchor it is occasionally possible for the clutch to disengage from the anchor usually
at the commencement of lifting. Even if the clutch is thought to be properly engaged
with the anchor it is now believed that it could be possible for the bolt to shake
to a released condition prior to the shackle assembly being placed under lifting load.
[0005] As briefly discussed above, lifting shackle assemblies of the type described are
suitable for direct manual release from the component after lifting into position,
by an operator climbing a ladder to access the clutch and effect release. They are
also suitable for remote release from the ground via a release rope attached to the
end of the arm; depending on the type of lift being effected, the release rope may
pass over a pulley system carried by the shackle plate or the rope may pass directly
to the ground. In lifting systems set up to provide for remote release, the possibility
can exist that the release rope can become accidentally snagged or caught and this
can result in accidental release of the bolt either prior to the commencement of lifting
or at the start of lifting and prior to application of the full lifting load. Although
remote release systems are available which substantially avoid this difficulty, some
operators are unwilling to use such systems and prefer to continue to use the conventional
release systems which have been used for many years.
[0006] According to the present invention there is provided a clutch for selective engagement
and release with the head of a lifting anchor embedded in a concrete component whereby
to connect the anchor to a lifting system, said clutch comprising a body having a
slot for receiving the head of an anchor, and a bolt engageable into an eye in the
head of the anchor for releasably locking the head, said bolt being of arcuate form
movable along an arcuate passage in the body between engaged and released positions
relative to the slot, said arcuate bolt being connected to an operating arm extending
generally radially relative to the bolt to effect movement of the bolt along the passage,
and a locking system for preventing movement of the bolt from its engaged position
until release of the locking system.
[0007] In one form of the invention, the locking system comprises a locking member mounted
to the clutch body and adapted to cooperate with the bolt or a component moveable
with the bolt to releasably lock the bolt against movement from its engaged position.
Preferably, the locking member is pivotally mounted to the clutch body and is spring
biased to a locking position. Preferably, the locking member has a release arm extending
externally of the body for external engagement to permit release movement of the arm
against the spring bias.
[0008] Particularly advantageously, the locking member is so positioned on the clutch body
that the release arm of the locking member and the operating arm associated with the
clutch bolt will be located to opposite sides of a shackle plate to which the clutch
is mounted in use. As a consequence, a release rope associated with the clutch bolt
and a release cord or rope associated with the locking member are not likely to become
simultaneously tensioned by engagement with or interference with the shackle plate.
It is also particularly advantageous that the locking member is mounted to the body
in such a position that when the lock has been released, the locking member itself
will not directly interfere with the operating arm of the clutch bolt when moving
to the released position.
[0009] Particularly advantageously, the locking cooperation between the locking member and
the bolt or the component moveable therewith is such that the locking engagement is
required to be released prior to application of a force to the operating arm to move
the bolt out of its engaged position; this relative timing of the actions needed to
release the locking member and then the bolt minimises the risk of accidental release
of the bolt in the event that remote release ropes and cords associated with the clutch
become snagged simultaneously.
[0010] In one embodiment, the locking member cooperates with an arcuate extension of the
bolt located in a part of the passage diametrically opposed to that occupied by the
bolt. In another embodiment, the locking member is designed to cooperate with a leading
end portion of the bolt provided with a locking formation which cooperates with the
locking member.
[0011] In another form of the invention, the locking system comprises a spring-loaded locking
pin releasably engageable with the clutch body to releasably lock the bolt in its
engaged position. In one embodiment, the pin is mounted for radial movement relative
to the bolt and is spring-biased into a radially inwards direction in order to effect
locking of the bolt relative to the clutch body. Particularly advantageously, the
pin and its biasing spring are mounted within an axial passage formed in the operating
arm, with the pin lockingly engaging within an aperture formed in the base of the
arcuate passage in the body, release of the pin being affected by withdrawing the
pin from the aperture by a release member accessible externally of the arm.
[0012] Embodiments of the invention will now be described by way of example only with reference
to the accompanying drawings in which:
Figure 3 is a cross-section of one embodiment of a ring clutch having a locking system
in accordance with the invention, the clutch bolt being shown in its engaged position
extending through the anchor head receiving slot in the clutch body;
Figure 3A shows schematically a modified configuration of the locking system which
requires release of the locking member prior to application of release force to the
clutch bolt operating arm;
Figure 4 is a cross-section similar to Figure 3 and showing an alternative form of
locking system; and
Figure 5 is a cross-section similar to Figure 3 and showing yet another alternative
form of locking system.
[0013] The ring clutch shown in Figure 3 comprises an annular body 10 with radial aperture
16 with an arcuate bolt 14 with integral radial operating arm 17 mounted within in
arcuate passage in the form of an annular channel 20 in the body. The ring clutch
is mounted to a shackle plate (not shown in Figure 3) of the type shown in Figures
1 and 2 or other suitable form of shackle plate in the manner described with reference
to Figures 1 and 2. In terms of its basic construction, the bolt 14 with integral
radial operating arm 17 is the same as that described with reference to Figures 1
and 2, but with the addition of an extension as will be described which interacts
with a locking member. Figure 3 shows, as does Figure 1, the bolt 14 in its engaged
position in which it passes through the eye of an anchor (not shown) within the aperture
16. As with Figure 1, to release the clutch from the anchor, the clutch bolt 14 must
be rotated through approximately 90° in an anticlockwise direction by corresponding
movement of the arm 17.
[0014] In accordance with this embodiment of the invention, an arcuate extension 22 is mounted
to the clutch bolt 14 to lie within the part of the annular channel 20 in the body
10 to the other side of the radial arm 17 so that the extension 22 is diametrically
opposed to at least a part of the clutch bolt 14 although it does not require to be
of the same arcuate extent as that of the clutch bolt 14. It will be appreciated from
Figures 1 and 2 and also from the earlier patent discussed above that the channel
20 is open to the outside over part of its periphery to enable the angular displacement
of the radial arm 17 and this open section also enables assembly of the clutch by
introduction of the arcuate bolt 14 into the channel 20 via that section; the open
section of the channel 20 is in the upper part of the body shown in Figures 1, 2 and
3, and extends over approximately 180°. A locking member 24 is mounted partially within
the open section of the channel 20 to cooperate with the free end of the extension
22. The position of the locking member 24 within the channel 20 is such that it will
not interfere with the movement of the radial arm 17 between the engaged and released
positions of the bolt 14. The locking member 24 is pivotally mounted on a pivot pin
26 extending between the opposite side walls of the channel, the locking member 24
being subjected to an inwards resilient bias by a suitable spring which, in the embodiment
shown, is in the form of a leaf spring 28 anchored in a slot in the locking member
24 and engaged with the outer wall of the channel 20 beyond the open section thereof.
It is however to be understood that other forms of biasing spring arrangement could
be incorporated.
[0015] The locking member 24 has an integral release arm 30 which projects outwardly through
the open section of the channel 20 and formed at its outer end with an aperture 32
for selective attachment of a release cord. The locking member 24 is formed with an
abutment surface 34 which, in the locking position of the member 24 (the position
as illustrated in Figure 3), lies immediately in front of the free end of the extension
22 to thereby prevent substantive movement of the extension 22 and hence of the clutch
bolt 14 in the release direction, that is an anticlockwise direction as viewed in
Figure 3, or at least to prevent sufficient clutch bolt movement required for release.
[0016] To permit release movement of the clutch bolt 14, the locking member 24 must be pivoted
outwardly against the spring bias to move its abutment surface 34 out of the path
of movement of the extension 22 in the release direction and this will require a deliberate
release action of the locking member 24 by movement of the release arm 30 such as
by actuation of an associated release cord attached to the arm. When the locking member
34 has been moved to its released position, the clutch bolt 14 can then be displaced
to its released position by anticlockwise movement of the radial arm 17, the outer
surface of the extension 22 moving along the inside surface of a nose part 24a of
the locking member 24. When the clutch is next applied to a lifting anchor and the
radial arm 17 is rotated clockwise to engage the clutch bolt 14 within the eye of
the anchor, the extension 22 will slide clockwise along the underside of the nose
24a until a fully engaged position of the clutch bolt 14 is reached when the free
end of the extension 22 passes from the nose 24a to the other side of the abutment
surface 34 whereon the locking member 24 will snap into its locking position shown
in Figure 3 in which the nose 24a is maintained by the spring 28 against the inner
wall of the channel 20. The operator will sense and/or hear a distinct click or snap
action when this occurs and will then know that the clutch bolt 14 is locked in position;
verification can be obtained by movement of the radial arm 17 in a direction to attempt
to release the bolt 14.
[0017] Particularly advantageously, the pivotal mounting of the locking member 24 on the
pivot pin 26 is provided by an elongate slot 36 such as to permit some play between
the locking member 24 and the pin 26 in order to prevent substantive load on the pin
26 arising from a force applied to the radial arm 17 trying to displace the clutch
bolt 14 in a release direction with the locking member 24 engaged as may occur if,
for example, a release rope attached to the arm 17 becomes snagged at the start of
lifting. In this event, the forced engagement of the free end of the extension 22
with the abutment surface 34 of the locking member 24 will tend to displace the locking
member 24 inwardly so that the nose 24a is pushed against the inner wall of the channel
20 at point X and/or the release arm 30 bears against an edge of the clutch body 10
at the end of the open channel section at point Y. Accordingly, this loading is absorbed
by direct engagement between the locking member 24 and the body 10 rather than by
direct loading on the pivot pin 26 to obviate the possibility of failure of the pivot
pin under this type of accidental loading.
[0018] It will be appreciated from Figure 3 that the release arm 30 and the radial arm 17
will be located to opposite sides of the shackle plate to which the ring clutch is
fitted in the manner shown in Figures 1 and 2. This is of consequence as it means
that a release cord attached to the release arm 30 and a release rope attached to
the radial arm 17 are most unlikely to become simultaneously tensioned by snagging
with the shackle plate. Rather, if snagging occurs the probability is that movement
of the shackle plate will result in one rope or cord being tensioned with the other
being loosened and in either case accidental release of the clutch bolt would not
occur. It is also to be noted from Figure 3 that the position of the locking member
24 within the open section of the channel 20 is such that it is fully outside of the
path of movement of the radial arm 17 into its released position which is approximately
90° anticlockwise from that illustrated in Figure 3 so that once the lock has been
released the release movement of the clutch bolt is itself quite straight forward
which is an important feature in obtaining user acceptance of the locking system.
Moreover it is to be noted that although the release arm 30 of the locking member
24 extends to the outside of the clutch body 10 and can be designed to withstand the
rough handling to which clutches of this type are likely to be subjected in use on
building sites, nevertheless the substantive part of the locking member 24 consisting
of locking abutment 34 and spring 28 will always be housed within the arcuate channel
20 and will thereby, to a significant extent, be shielded by the body 10 from external
damage as a result of rough handling.
[0019] Particularly advantageously, in a modification as shown schematically in Figure 3A,
the free end of the extension 22 is ramped at 22a and the abutment surface 34 is undercut
at 34a. With this configuration the undercut abutment surface 34a will positively
interlock with the free end of the extension 22 to prevent release movement of the
locking member 24 at the same time that a force is applied to move the clutch bolt
14 to its released position by movement of the radial arm 17. Accordingly, with this
configuration the locking member 24 must be released prior to an attempt being made
to release the clutch bolt 14. This feature will thereby obviate the possibility,
albeit a remote possibility, of accidental release taking place by simultaneous snagging
of a release cord for the locking member 24 and the release rope for the clutch bolt
14.
[0020] The locking system of Figure 3 or 3A can be retro-fitted into existing shackle assemblies
of the type shown in Figures 1 and 2, by installation of the locking member 24 and
pivot pin 26 in the body 10 of the existing clutch and by provision of the extension
22 for the clutch bolt 14; due to the need to mount the clutch bolt 14 into the channel
20 and which requires the bolt 14 to have an arcuate extension of less than 180°,
the clutch bolt 14 needs to have minor adaptation to permit the extension 22 to be
fitted after the bolt has been inserted into the channel 20; the extension 22 can
be secured to the bolt 14 by a screw with a locking washer and the base of the arm
17 can be relieved such as by grinding to form a flat surface to which a mounting
part 22b of the extension 22 can be secured.
[0021] In an alternative embodiment as shown in Figure 4, the locking member 24 is mounted
in the channel 20 to cooperate with the free end portion of the clutch bolt 14. For
this purpose, the free end portion of the clutch bolt 14 is shaped to form a locking
hook 14a which engages behind a similarly shaped locking hook 24a on the locking member
22 to prevent the clutch bolt 14 from being withdrawn to the released position until
the locking member 24 has been released. The inter-engaging locking hooks 14a, 24a
are preferably of ramped configuration to provide a similar effect to that provided
by the arrangement shown in Figure 3A whereby the locking member 24 is required to
be moved to its released position before a release movement is applied to the clutch
bolt 14. This locking system can also be retro-fitted to existing shackle assemblies
by mounting the locking member 24 to the clutch body 10 by means of the pivot pin
26 and replacing the existing clutch bolt with a modified clutch bolt incorporating
the hook-shaped locking end portion.
[0022] The embodiment of Figure 4 achieves similar advantages to those discussed in relation
to Figure 3 in terms of the placement of the locking member and its release arm. Although
in terms of basic locking function it is considered that both embodiments will provide
similar effect, the embodiment of Figure 3 does have additional advantage over that
of Figure 4 in that the free end portion of the clutch bolt does not have any projections
or recesses which might catch against the head of the lifting anchor during engagement
and release of the clutch bolt. Moreover the extension 22 which is fitted in the embodiment
of Figure 3 has the additional effect of ensuring that the clutch bolt 14 cannot accidentally
fall out of the clutch body 10 and which has sometimes eventuated during handling
of the clutches shown in Figures 1 and 2.
[0023] Figure 5 shows another form of locking system comprising a spring-biased locking
pin 50 mounted in the radial arm 17 of the clutch bolt 14 to engage in a hole 52 drilled
into the base of the channel 20. The locking pin 50 and its biasing spring 54 are
housed within an axial passage formed in the arm 17 and a release element in the form
of a rod or cable 56 extends from the pin 50 through the axial passage for attachment
to a release cord. Release of the locking pin 50 requires axial movement of the release
element 56 within the radial arm 17 whereas the movement of the arm to 17 effect release
of the clutch bolt 14 is required to be more transverse to the axis of the arm. Accordingly,
with this arrangement the applied forces needed to first release the locking pin 50
and then release the clutch bolt 14 are in distinctly different directions and there
is only small possibility of this happening even if a remote release cord for the
locking pin 50 and a remote release rope for the clutch bolt are simultaneously snagged.
This form of locking system can also be retro-fitted by replacing the existing clutch
bolt with a clutch bolt having a radial arm which incorporates the locking pin and
by drilling into the base of the channel a hole to receive the locking pin in the
engaged position of the clutch bolt. In an alternative arrangement (not shown) the
radially movable spring-loaded locking pin can be mounted to the clutch body to releasably
engage and lock the clutch bolt.
[0024] The embodiments have been described by way of example only and modifications are
possible within the scope of the invention.
1. A clutch for selective engagement and release with the head of a lifting anchor embedded
in a concrete component whereby to connect the anchor to a lifting system, said clutch
comprising a body (10) having a slot (16) for receiving the head of an anchor, and
a bolt (14) engageable into an eye in the head of the anchor for releasably locking
the head, said bolt (14) being of arcuate form movable along an arcuate passage (20)
in the body (10) between engaged and released positions relative to the slot (16),
said arcuate bolt (14) being connected to an operating arm (17) extending generally
radially relative to the bolt (14) to effect movement of the bolt along the passage
(20), and a locking system (22, 24, 34; 24, 24a, 14a; 50, 52) for preventing movement
of the bolt (14) from its engaged position until release of the locking system.
2. A clutch according to claim 1, wherein the locking system comprises a locking member
(24) mounted to the clutch body (10) and adapted to cooperate with the bolt (14) or
a component (22) moveable with the bolt (14) to releasably lock the bolt (14) against
movement from its engaged position.
3. A clutch according to claim 2, wherein the locking member (24) is pivotally mounted
to the clutch body (10) and is spring biased (28) to a locking position.
4. A clutch according to claim 3, wherein the locking member (24) has a release arm (30)
extending externally of the body (10) for external engagement to permit release movement
of the arm (30) against the spring bias (28).
5. A clutch according to claim 4, wherein the locking member (24) is so positioned on
the clutch body (10) that the release arm (30) of the locking member (24) and the
operating arm (17) of the bolt (14) will be located to opposite sides of a shackle
plate (2) to which the clutch is mounted in use.
6. A clutch according to any one of claims 2 to 4, wherein the locking member (24) is
mounted to the body (10) in such a position that when the lock has been released,
the locking member (24) itself will not directly interfere with the operating arm
(17) of the bolt (14) when moving to the released position.
7. A clutch according to any one of claims 2 to 6, wherein the locking cooperation between
the locking member (24) and the bolt (14) or the component (22) moveable therewith
is such that the locking engagement is required to be released prior to application
of a force to the operating arm (17) to move the bolt out of its engaged position.
8. A clutch according to any one of claims 2 to 7, wherein the locking member (24) cooperates
with an arcuate extension (22) of the bolt (14) located in a part of the passage (20)
diametrically opposed to that occupied by the bolt (14).
9. A clutch according to any one of claims 2 to 7, wherein a leading end portion of the
bolt (14) is provided with a locking formation (14a) which cooperates with the locking
member (24).
10. A clutch according to claim 1, wherein the locking system comprises a spring-loaded
locking pin (50) releasably engageable with the clutch body (10) to releasably lock
the bolt (14) in its engaged position.
11. A clutch according to claim 10, wherein the pin (50) is mounted for radial movement
relative to the bolt (14) and is spring-biased into a radially inwards direction in
order to effect locking of the bolt (14) relative to the clutch body (10).
12. A clutch according to claim 11, wherein the pin (50) and its biasing spring (54) are
mounted within an axial passage formed in the operating arm (17), with the pin (50)
lockingly engaging within an aperture (52) formed in the base of the arcuate passage
(20) in the body, release of the pin (50) being affected by withdrawing the pin (50)
from the aperture (52) by a release member (56) accessible externally of the arm (17).