TECHNICAL FIELD
[0001] The present invention relates to a jacket for a vessel, according to the pre-characterising
portion of claim 1.
[0002] The invention also relates to a vessel for containing a fluid under pressure, comprising
such a jacket, and a process of manufacturing a jacket, as well as a process of manufacturing
a vessel.
TECHNICAL BACKGROUND
[0003] Such a jacket and such a vessel are known from DE-A-195 06 124, which document describes
an oil drum, the gables of which are to be welded on the inside of the drum, but the
welding operation is to be performed from the outside of the jacket. Such a welding
method is complicated and may result in low precision regarding the weld seam, and
therefore requires high demands regarding the tolerances of the measurements of the
gable. This contributes to high manufacturing costs.
[0004] Furthermore, the described jacket is provided with a support edge, which has a very
small transverse extension. If, during manufacture, the gable becomes too small or
warped, it will pass the support edge and fall into the interior of the oil drum.
Thus, high demands in tolerances of the measurements of the gable and the support
edge are required to avoid this. Furthermore, if the whole support surface, i.e. the
circle formed by the edge of the gable, is not allowed to bear against the support
edge of the jacket simultaneously, the gable may also in this case pass the support
edge and fall into the oil drum. Consequently, a very exact assembly method is required.
[0005] FR-A-2 304 022 describes a pressure vessel for a gas, generally called a bottled
gas cylinder. During use, a burner is connected to the bottled gas cylinder. By means
of a valve, the amount of gas that is to be let out of the cylinder is adjusted, i.e.
the gas flame can in this way be adjusted.
[0006] During manufacture of the bottled gas cylinder described therein, an annular depression
is formed on the outside of a bell-shaped body. The annular depression forms on the
inside of the bell-shaped body a protrusion, which forms a stop for a closure member.
The closure member is a dome-shaped disc with a peripheral rearwardly folded annular
wall, which extends in a direction away from the continued spherical extension of
the dome. The annular wall of the closure member is adapted to bear against the inner
wall of the dome-shaped body from the protrusion all the way to the end surface. Thereafter
they are welded or soldered together.
[0007] Such a design requires a great deal of accuracy during manufacture as regards the
dimensions of the parts, since the annular cylindrical wall of the closure member
is to be pressed until it bears against the inner, cylindrical wall of the bell-shaped
body along its whole surface. This requires in turn special tools for allowing the
fitting to be performed. Furthermore, there is a risk of crevice corrosion at the
welded or soldered joint.
[0008] GB-A-191 796 describes a lamp of the acetylene gas kind for a bicycle. A tube for
storing acetylene gas is arranged on the frame of the bicycle. A tubing or a hose
supplies acetylene gas to the lamp.
[0009] The tube is provided with an annular depression, which forms a stop member on the
inside of the tube. A closure member is soldered against the respective stop member.
The soldering is performed in such a way that there is a risk of crevice corrosion.
Furthermore, the solderings shown herein cannot resist any larger stress, but can
only be seen as sealing seams.
[0010] During manufacture of a pressure vessel it is also common that a circular-cylindrical
jacket is provided with dome-shaped ends, which are welded edge-to-edge with the respective
end edges of the cylinder. This requires great precision during manufacture of dome
and jacket, since the edges must bear against each other about the whole circumference
of the end edge of the jacket. If the periphery of the dome, i.e. the circumferential
edge is larger than the end edge of the jacket, a part of all of the end edge of the
jacket will bear against the inside of the dome instead of against the circumferential
edge of the dome. If, on the contrary, the circumferential edge of the dome is smaller
than the end edge of the jacket, the circumferential edge of the dome will not reach
the end edge of the jacket about all of the end edge of the dome. Jackets having a
small thickness of material often take a non-circular-cylindrical form, for which
reason adjustment of the dome against the jacket before connection, by means of e.g.
welding, will become more difficult
OBJECT OF THE INVENTION
[0011] The object of the present invention is to provide a semi-finished product of a vessel,
i.e. a jacket and a finished vessel for a fluid under pressure, which are simpler
and cheaper to manufacture.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
[0012] This has been achieved by a jacket as initially defined, and having the features
of the characterising portion of claim 1.
[0013] The object has also been achieved by a vessel of the initially defined kind, comprising
such a jacket and a closure member mounted at said at least partially diverging portion.
[0014] The object has also been achieved by a process of manufacturing such a jacket a,
including providing a rectangular sheet of metal or plastic having a substantially
rectangular form, profiling of said at least partially diverging portion of at least
one of the end portions for achieving a desired form thereof, by applying at least
one profiling tool to the inside of the jacket and at least one profiling tool to
the outside of the jacket, wherein at least one of the profiling tools is actively
brought to rotate.
[0015] The object has also been achieved by a process of manufacturing such a vessel, including
placing of the closure member against said at least partially diverging portion, and
connection of the closure member and said diverging portion.
[0016] Hereby, a jacket and a vessel, respectively, have been achieved, the manufacture
and assembly of which does not require high precision, and can therefore be automated,
which in turn contributes to low manufacturing costs. Further there is provided a
jacket and a vessel, respectively, with a support, on which one can put the semi-finished
or finished product. A further advantage is that reduced thickness of material can
be used than what is the case at a vessel or a jacket according to previously known
technology for the corresponding working pressure. Hereby is also prevented that the
closure member as a whole or partially passes the end portion, for example by obliqueness.
[0017] Furthermore, stiffening of the jacket is achieved.
[0018] Suitably, the end portion comprises a guiding member. Hereby is achieved guiding
of the closure member before its connection.
[0019] Suitably, the end portion is provided with a boundary area between said stop member
and guiding member. Hereby is achieved an ideal portion for placing and connection
of the closure member.
[0020] Of course, the projection can also be achieved by welding of a number of protrusions,
a ring or the like, depending on the form of the jacket. This, however, results in
more sub-operations during manufacture.
[0021] Suitably, the projection is directed substantially towards the central axis.
[0022] Preferably, the divergence of the guiding member is substantially constant. Hereby
is achieved an edge about the circumference of the jacket, against which the closure
member can slide such that it can take a suitable centred position.
[0023] Suitably, the divergence of the guiding member has an angle α between 5° and 60°
relative to the central axis. Preferably, the divergence of the guiding member has
an angle between 10° and 45° relative to the central axis. It is, however, advantageous
that the angle α is between 20° and 27°. Even more advantageous the angle is 23°.
Hereby is achieved an end portion which provides ready handling during mounting of
the closure member.
[0024] Preferably, the jacket is symmetric about said central axis. In particular, the jacket
is substantially circular-cylindrical. Said stop member is in this case suitably annular-shaped.
Of course, the jacket may have another cross section than circular, for example square
or some other polygon form.
[0025] Advantageously, said boundary portion forms a circle. Furthermore, said stop member
is annular.
[0026] Suitably, the at least partially diverging portion has a part, which is closest to
the central axis.
[0027] Preferably, the stop member has at least partially a diameter, which is smaller than
the principal diameter of the jacket. Suitably, said guiding member has at least partially
a diameter which is smaller than the principal diameter of the jacket. Hereby is achieved
a jacket, which can readily be built into a shell.
[0028] Preferably, the closure member is dome-shaped. Hereby is achieved a form which is
suitable for a pressure vessel. The closure member is thus convex and has a circumferential
edge, whereby the circumferential edge meets said diverging portion in a substantially
parallel relation. The form of the closure member allows the use of a thinner material.
When using thicker material, preparation of the joint, i.e. preparation of a wedge-formed
(diverging) opening towards the exterior of the vessel, may be necessary for achieving
an excellent weld joint.
[0029] Preferably, the closure member is connected to the jacket by a weld joint directly
applied to the periphery of the closure member, where it bears against the inside
of the jacket Hereby, a simple, reliable and non-expensive welding method for the
vessel is achieved.
[0030] Preferably, the jacket and/or the closure member are provided with at least one opening
intended for mounting of means for heating or cooling of a fluid contained in the
vessel, and/or for conveying fluids to or from the vessel. Hereby is achieved a possibility
of preparing the container for several alternative fields of use.
[0031] More precisely, said means for heating a fluid contained therein comprises a thermal
means, such as an electric immersion heater, an oil burner, a gas burner or a tube
coil for heating or cooling. Alternatively, or in addition, said means for heating
or cooling of a fluid contained in the vessel, comprises control equipment, such as
a thermostat or a shunt.
[0032] Advantageously, the process of manufacturing a jacket includes profiling of said
substantially diverging portion of at least one of the end portions by applying at
least one profiling tool to the inside of the jacket and at least one profiling tool
to the outside of the jacket, wherein at least one of the profiling tools is actively
brought to rotate.
[0033] Suitably, the process includes bending a rectangular sheet of metal or plastic to
a substantially circular-cylindrical shape with a longitudinal slit, which is welded
together, whereby said bending and welding precede the provision of said substantially
diverging portion.
[0034] Advantageously, the process of manufacturing a vessel includes placing the closure
member against said substantially diverging portion, and connecting the closure member
and said diverging portion.
[0035] Suitably, the connection is performed by welding of the side of the closure member
which faces the end portion.
[0036] During manufacture of jacket, gables and/or complete vessels in other materials than
sheet metal, completely different methods of forming of the end portion may be used,
including moulding, thermal forming etc. Connection of the parts may then be performed
by means of accessible methods for the respective material, by using e.g. glue or
thermoset plastics.
DRAWING SUMMARY
[0037] In the following, the invention will be described in detail by reference to annexed
drawings, in which
Figure 1a is an exploded view of a pressure vessel with a jacket and two closure members,
Figure 1b is a partial cut out with a cross section of the end portion and the closure
member of the pressure vessel,
Figure 2 illustrates the placing of the closure member before connection,
Figure 3 illustrates the jacket with the closure member welded thereon.
Figs. 4a-4d illustrate alternative cross-sections of the end portion,
Figure 5 illustrates a profiling device for profiling of end portions,
Figure 6 illustrates a profiling tool of the profiling device shown in Figure 5.
Figure 7 illustrates an alternative embodiment of the vessel, and.
Figure 8 illustrates the vessel with auxiliary equipment mounted thereon.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0038] Fig. 1a is an exploded view of a pressure vessel 1, comprising a jacket 2, which
has been manufactured by bending of a thin (about 2 mm) rectangular sheet of steel,
aluminium or the like, by means of a bending roller until the two opposite edges bear
against each other. The sheet obtains by this procedure a substantially circular-cylindrical
form. In order to maintain this form and to create a continuous jacket, the opposite
edges are welded together. The circular-cylindrical form is substantially symmetric
about a central axis A.
[0039] Alternatively, a suitable polymer material, such as thermoset plastics, is formed
to the desired form.
[0040] Closure member 3 in the form of a gable or a bottom is dome-shaped for reception
of a pressure of a fluid, i.e. a gas or a liquid, contained in the vessel. Such closure
members are also called "dome-shaped gables". Each closure member 3 has been made,
for example, by pressing or pressure-turning of a circular sheet with a circular edge
4. Of course, the closure member may also be made of a suitable polymer material.
[0041] The partial cut out according to Fig. 1b is a cross section of a part of the dome
and an end portion 5 of the jacket. The end portion 5 comprises a stop member 6 in
the form of a depression 6a, which corresponds to a projection 6b on the other side
of the sheet, i.e. the inside of the jacket 2. A cross-section of the depression 6a
as well as of the projection 6b is at least partially substantially U-shaped and has
a point 6c, which lies closest to the central axis A, i.e. where the jacket has its
smallest radius. The portion between the central part of the jacket 2 and the point
6c is denoted by 6d. The end portion 5 also comprises a guiding member 7, which extends
towards the opening from the stop member 6. The portion between the point 6c and the
guiding member 7 is denoted by 6e. A cross section of the guiding member 7 is straight
or rectilinear. A boundary portion, in the form of a discontinuity, where the U-shaped
stop member 6 is transformed to the rectilinear form of the guiding member, has been
denoted by 8.
[0042] The end portion 5 comprises a diverging portion 8a including the part of the projection
6b, defined by the point 6c and the guiding member 7. The diverging portion thus diverges
from the point 6c towards the opening and to an end surface 5a, in the form of a circle,
which defines an opening 5b. More precisely, the guiding member 7 has an angle α towards
the central line A, i.e. towards the surface of the jacket, which is smaller than
the angle of the stop member 6, where the U-formed stop member is transformed to a
straight, i.e. rectilinear form, via the boundary portion 8. This angle may be between
5° and 60° but practical tests have shown that an angle between 10° and 45° results
in a better precision during mounting, and that an angle between 20° and 27° is more
advantageous for fitting of the closure member 3 during mounting. The best result
was achieved at the angle 23°.
[0043] It should be noted that the lateral extension of the end surface 5a may be very small.
It may be so small, that it forms an edge, in the case of a circle, the edge is an
annular line.
[0044] Since the jacket 2 is circular-cylindrical, the end portion 5 is annular, which in
turn means that the guiding member 7 and the stop member 6 - i.e. the depression 6a
and the projection 6b - are annular. In a corresponding way, the point 6c as well
as the boundary portion 8 constitute a cross section of an annular line.
[0045] Profiling of the end portion 5 stabilises the jacket, which means that it can better
take its circular-cylindrical form.
[0046] Below the end portion, along the central axis A, there is a central portion 9, and
on the other side of the central portion 9, still in the direction of the central
axis A, there is a further end portion, which is mirror-inverted to the former end
portion. Also this end portion 5 has an end surface 5a, which defines an opening 5b.
[0047] The jacket 2 and the gables 3 are further provided with openings 10, which are intended
for receiving temperature-affecting means, such as heating or cooling coils, thermostat,
shunt, feed and return lines for fluids etc.
[0048] In practical tests, the diameter of the jacket has varied between 500 mm and 1600
mm, while the length has varied between 500 mm and 2000 mm, but of course the invention
is not limited to these dimensions.
[0049] Fig. 2 shows how the gable 3 is placed with its edge 4 against the end portion 5
at the boundary portion 8. This is the ideal relationship, i.e. when the manufacture
has resulted in a dome 3 of a desired size. If the dome or the jacket during manufacture
obtains a size which does not correspond to the respective ideal size, the gable or
dome 3 will bear with its edge 4 along the stop member 6, i.e. on the projection 6b
down to the portion 6c, or along the guiding member 7 up to the end surface 5a. Hereby
is achieved low demands regarding tolerances during manufacture of the gables 3 and
the jacket 2. This will make the manufacture less expensive at the same time as an
automation will be easier to perform.
[0050] When the jacket 2 is placed with the axis A in a vertical position, the gable 3 is
lifted in place at the end portion of the jacket. For this purpose, no large precision
is required, but the guiding member 7 is self-adjusting against the boundary portion
8, since the shape of the guiding member 7 will result in that the gable or dome 3
strives for taking a position substantially perpendicular to the central axis A of
the jacket. For this purpose, an force is applied in the axial direction of the cylinder.
Simultaneously, the jacket 2 is stabilised and takes a substantially circular-cylindrical
form, owing to the circular edge 4 of the dome, which bears against the boundary portion
8. If the dome 3 would be warped, it will be pressed about the whole periphery and
will simultaneously be aligned, such that an even contact is achieved, and undesired
slits between the gable 3 and the end portion 5 will be avoided. When mounting the
gable 3 onto the opposite side, the jacket is first turned, such that said opposite
side is directed upwards.
[0051] Alternatively, the jacket 2 is placed with the central axis A directed horizontally,
i.e. with the two end portions 5 on each side of a vertical plane. In this case, the
two closure members or gables 3 are simultaneously applied from the respective direction.
When they are pressed against the respective boundary portion 8, the form of the jacket
is at the same time adjusted such that it becomes substantially circular-cylindrical
and undesired slits between the gable and the jacket are minimised. Such simultaneous
applying of the gables 3 is of course applicable with the central axis directed in
another direction desired for mounting, whereby a suitable fixture for the jacket
is used.
[0052] If the diameter of the circular edge 4 of the gable 3 does not correspond to the
diameter 8 of the boundary portion, the edge 4 will bear against the stop member 6
or against the guiding member 7, depending on whether the diameter of the edge 4 is
too small or too large.
[0053] Owing to the form of the stop member 6, the gable 3 does not risk to slide inside
the inner portion 6c and owing to the form of the guiding member 7, a gable 3, disregarding
whether the edge 4 has too large or too small a diameter (of course within certain
limits), can be fitted in such a way that it can be fixed to the stop member 6 or
to the guiding member 7.
[0054] Thus, the manufacture of the jacket 2 and the closure member 3 does not require any
high precision.
[0055] Fig. 3 shows together with two partial enlargements how the gable 3 has been connected
to the jacket 2 by a weld joint 11, which has been directly. where the edge 4 of the
dome-shaped closure member 3 meets the diverging portion 8a in a substantially parallel
relation (cf. the partial cut out), however, with a small slit (not to be mixed up
with the above mentioned undesired slits). This results during welding in an excellent
burning-through and material combination och in a complete filling of the slit. Hereby
is also crevice corrosion avoided, at the same time as the underlying continuously
diminishing diameter of the diverging portion 8a counter-acts that the melted or fluid
material penetrates into the vessel 1 during the connection operation.
[0056] In this context it should be indicated that it is not necessary before welding of
the gable to connect it to the jacket by spot-welding. Hereby a welding operator or
a welding robot instantaneously will be able to perform a continuous weld joint along
the whole joint between the gable 3 and the jacket 2. Owing to the fact that the spot
welds are no longer necessary, a better weld joint is also achieved.
[0057] Of course, connection of the closure members 3 and the jacket 2 is not limited to
welding, but could of course be performed by soldering, gluing or sealing of joints
by thermosetting polymers, etc., depending on the material chosen for the vessel.
Please note that the closure member 3 may be made of another material than the jacket
2.
[0058] Hereby the whole process can be easily automated by use of conventional conveying,
holding, and welding machines or other connection machines.
[0059] When the closure member 3 has been attached to the jacket, is also achieved stiffening
and securing of the substantially circular-cylindrical form of the jacket obtained
during fitting.
[0060] Please also note that when manufacturing at least the jacket in a polymer material,
it is possible to directly achieve the desired profile of the end portions by means
of for example blow-moulding or dye-casting of the whole jacket 2. What has been said
about continuous weld joint is of course suitable also for these materials, however,
adapted to the connection method used.
Fig. 4a shows a first alternative cross section of the end portion 5, where the diverging
portion 8a includes a substantially arched portion 6b, and a further arched portion
7, which has a bending opposite to the bending of the portion 6e. This implies that
the angle between the portion 7 and the central axis A is reduced in the direction
towards the end surface 5a.
Fig. 4b shows a second alternative cross section of the end portion 5, where the diverging
portion 8a solely consists of a guiding member 7, which - depending on the angle of
the guiding member in relation to the central axis - also constitutes a stop member.
The larger the angle α, the better the guiding member acts as stop member, but at
the same time its guiding ability is reduced. In this embodiment, the end surface
5a is in line with the circular-cylindrical portion of the jacket 2. Since there is
no boundary portion 8, α is in this case defined as the angle between the guiding
member 7 and the central axis A at the point 6c.
Fig. 4c shows a third alternative cross section of the end portion 5, where the guiding
member 7, outside the diverging portion 8a, is provided with an annular portion 12,
which is parallel to and is in line with the circular-cylindrical portion of the jacket
2. The portion 12 facilitates vertical placing of the vessel 1 on a floor or placing
of other equipment on top of the vessel.
Fig. 4d shows a variant of the end portion 5 according to Fig. 1b. In this case the
cross section is rounded and has substantially the form of a V.
[0061] In this connection it should be added that the stop member 6 does not have to be
formed in the sheet but could as well be welded thereon, in the form of a plurality
of protrusions or a ring, on the inside of the sheet. Thus, it would be possible to
provide the end portions shown in Figs. 1 and 4a-4d with such a stop member 6. The
same applies to the guiding member 7.
[0062] The angle α has in the Figs. 4a-4d a value in accordance with what has been described
in connection with Fig. 1b.
[0063] Of course, the different shapes of the portions 6e and/or 7 shown in Figs. 1 and
4a-4d may be combined in a suitable way. This also includes the portion 12 shown in
Figs. 4e and 4g. Furthermore, the point 6c may of course be flattened out and thereby
achieve another form than a point, e.g. a surface.
[0064] Fig. 5 shows schematically how the jacket 2 is placed on two support rollers 20,21
and a pair of opposite rotatable profiling tools in the form of a male member 22 and
a female member 23, which has the form that gives the desired cross section of the
shaped end portion 5, cf. Figs. 1b and 4a-4d above. A driving means 24 drives the
male member 22 and/or the female member 23.
[0065] Instead of tools profiled for the angled shape of the end portion, more than two
rotatable tools profiled in another way may be used.
[0066] Fig. 6 shows schematically the male member 22 and the female member 23 with driving
means 24 having driving axles 25,26 and power transmission in the form of cog wheels
27,28.
[0067] Profiling of the stop member 6 and the guiding member 7 is performed by applying
the male member 22 and the female member 23 with suitable mechanisms against the outside
and the inside, respectively, of the jacket 2. The driving means 24 drives the tools
22,23 in the opposite direction, causing the jacket 2 to rotate. The support rollers
20,21 have no driving of their own but are brought to rotate when the jacket 2 is
caused to be rotated by the tools, and rolls the jacket 2 a suitable number of turns,
whereby the desired profile of the end portion 5 is achieved.
[0068] Profiling of the opposite side of the jacket 2 is preferably performed at the same
time as another pair of tools 22,23 are placed on suitable mechanisms at the opposite
end of the rollers 20,21.
[0069] The jacket 2 is before the profiling not guaranteed a circular-cylindrical form,
since the sheet is thin. Profiling achieves stiffening of the cylinder and improves
the geometry of the jacket.
[0070] Fig. 7 shows a second embodiment of the vessel 1, the jacket 2 of which having an
integrated gable and is made in one piece, e.g. by deep-drawing, and with only one
end portion 5, i.e. with only one opening 5b. In this case, only this end portion
5 is profiled for reception of a dome-shaped closure member 3. This achieves vessel
1 suitable for storing for example liquefied petroleum gas or for use as a water heater.
A suitable profile of the end portion 5 can be chosen according to anyone of the alternatives
presented above.
[0071] Fig. 8 shows a so-called accumulator tank 30 comprising a vessel 1 according to the
invention, for heating of water by an electric immersion heater 31 or a tube coil
32 leading to a not shown sun panel or another producer of hot or cold fluid. The
accumulator tank may of course be connected to a wood or oil boiler. The overpressure
is 1-10 bars in the accumulator tank, which has connections 33,34, for connection
to radiators. A shunt 35 is provided for regulation of the flow to the radiators.
[0072] The accumulator tank 30 is moreover provided with a water heater 36 comprising a
vessel 1 according to Fig. 7 for heating of tap water. The overpressure in this vessel
is normally 5-10 bars or more. Of course, the water heater 36 may alternatively comprise
a vessel 1 according to Fig. 3 or a vessel of another kind.
1. A jacket (2) for a vessel (1), arranged to contain a fluid under pressure provided
about a central axis (A), with a central portion (9) along the central axis (A), and
an end portion (5) at least on one side of said central portion, said central portion
defining an opening (5b), characterised in that said end portion (5) forms a portion (8a), at least partially diverging in a direction
along and from the central axis (A) and in a direction from said central portion (9),
against which portion (8a) a closure member (3) is intended to be unreleasably connected,
at least one stop member (6) being provided about the interior circumference of the
jacket at the level of the end portion (5), said stop member (6) comprising at least
one projection (6b), wherein at least one depression (6a) is provided about the exterior
circumference of the jacket forming said projection (6b).
2. A jacket according to claim 1, wherein the end portion (5) comprises a guiding member
(7).
3. A jacket according to claim 2, wherein said end portion (5) is provided with a boundary
area (8) between said stop member (6) and guiding member (7).
4. A jacket according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the projection (6b)
is directed substantially towards the central axis (A).
5. A jacket according to anyone of claims 2-4, wherein the divergence of the guiding
member (7) is substantially constant.
6. A jacket according to anyone of claims 2-5, wherein the divergence of the guiding
member (7) has an angle (α) between 5° and 60° relative to the central axis (A).
7. A jacket according to anyone of claims 2-6, wherein the divergence of the guiding
member (7) has an angle (α) between 10° and 45° relative to the central axis (A).
8. A jacket according to anyone of claims 2-7, wherein the divergence of the guiding
member (7) has an angle (α) of between 20° and 27° relative to the central axis (A).
9. A jacket according to claim 7, wherein the angle (α) is 23°.
10. A jacket according to anyone of the preceding claims, which is symmetric about said
central axis (A).
11. A jacket according to anyone of the preceding claims, which is substantially circular-cylindrical.
12. A jacket according to anyone of the claims 3 to 11, wherein said boundary portion
(8a) forms a circle.
13. A jacket according to anyone of claims 1-11, wherein said stop member (6) is annular.
14. A jacket according to anyone of the preceding claims, wherein the at least partially
diverging portion (8a) has a part (6c), which is closest to the central axis (A).
15. A jacket according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the stop member (6)
at least partially has a diameter, which is smaller than the principal diameter of
the jacket.
16. A jacket according to anyone of claims 2-15, wherein said guiding member (7) at least
partially has a diameter which is smaller than the principal diameter of the jacket.
17. A vessel (1) for containing a fluid under pressure, comprising a jacket (2) according
to anyone of the preceding claims, and a closure member (3) disconnectably connected
to said at least partially diverging portion (8a) at said end portion, at least on
one side of said central portion.
18. A vessel according to claim 17, wherein the closure member (3) is convex and has a
circumferential edge meeting said diverging portion (8a) in a substantially parallel
relation.
19. A vessel according to claim 17 or 18, wherein the closure member (3) is dome-shaped.
20. A vessel according to anyone of claims 17-19, wherein the closure member (3) is connected
to the jacket by a weld joint (11) directly applied to the periphery of the closure
member (3), where it bears against the inside of the jacket (2).
21. A vessel according to anyone of claims 17 - 20, wherein the jacket and/or the closure
member are provided with at least one opening (10) adapted for mounting of means for
heating or cooling of a fluid contained in the vessel, and/or for conveying fluids
to or from the vessel.
22. A vessel according to claim 21, wherein said means for heating a fluid contained therein
comprises a thermal means, such as an electric immersion heater, an oil burner, a
gas burner or a tubing coil for heating or cooling.
23. A vessel according to claim 21 or 22, wherein said means for heating or cooling a
fluid contained in the vessel comprises control equipment, such as a thermostat or
a shunt.
24. Process of manufacturing a jacket (2) according to claims 1-16, including providing
a rectangular sheet of metal or plastic having a substantially rectangular form, profiling
of said at least partially diverging portion (8a) of at least one of the end portions
(5) for achieving a desired form thereof, by applying at least one profiling tool
to the inside of the jacket (2) and at least one profiling tool to the outside of
the jacket, wherein at least one of the profiling tools is actively brought to rotate.
25. Process according to claim 24, including bending of a rectangular sheet of metal or
plastic to a substantially circular-cylindrical shape with a longitudinal slit, which
is welded together, wherein said bending and welding precede the provision of said
substantially diverging portion (8a).
26. Process according to claim 24 or 25 including stamping of the wall of the jacket for
achieving said at least one opening (10) adapted for mounting of means for heating
or cooling of a fluid and/or for conveying fluids.
27. Process of manufacturing a vessel according to claims 17 - 23, including placing the
closure member (3) against said at least partially diverging portion (8a), and connecting
said closure member and said diverging portion (8a).
28. Process according to claim 27, wherein the connection is performed by welding of the
side of the closure member which faces the end portion (5a).
29. Process according to claim 27 or 28, including mounting of means for heating or cooling
of a fluid contained in the vessel, and/or for conveying fluids to or from the vessel.
1. Mantel (2) für einen Behälter (1), der ein Fluid unter Druck aufnehmen soll, um eine
Zentralachse (A) herum angeordnet ist und entlang dieser einen Mittelteil (9) sowie
auf mindestens einer Seite desselben einen Endteil (5) aufweist, wobei der Mittelteil
eine Öffnung (5b) umschließt, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Endteil (5) einen Bereich (8a) bildet, der mindestens teilweise entlang der Zentralachse
(A) und von dieser sowie vom Mittelteil (9) weg divergiert und mit dem ein Verschlusselements
(3) unlösbar verbunden werden soll, und dass mindestens ein Anschlag (6) um den Innenumfang
des Mantels auf der Höhe des Endteils (5) herum vorgesehen ist, wobei der Anschlag
(6) mindestens einen Vorsprung (6b) aufweist und um den Außenumfang des Mantels herum
mindestens eine Vertiefung (6a) vorgesehen ist, die den Vorsprung (6b) bildet.
2. Mantel nach Anspruch 1, dessen Endteil (5) ein Führungselement (7) aufweist.
3. Mantel nach Anspruch 2, dessen Endteil (5) mit einem Übergangsbereich (8) zwischen
dem Anschlag (6) und dem Führungselement (7) versehen ist.
4. Mantel nach einem der vorgehenden Ansprüche, bei dem der Vorsprung (6b) im wesentlichen
zur Zentralachse (A) hin gerichtet ist.
5. Mantel nach einem der Ansprüche 2-4, bei dem die Divergenz des Führungselements (7)
im wesentlichen konstant ist.
6. Mantel nach einem der Ansprüche 2-5, dessen Führungselement (7) unter einem Winkel
(α) zwischen 5° und 60° von der Zentralachse (A) weg divergiert.
7. Mantel nach einem der Ansprüche 2-6, dessen Führungselement (7) unter einem Winkel
(α) zwischen 10° und 45° von der Zentralachse (A) weg divergiert.
8. Mantel nach einem der Ansprüche 2-7, dessen Führungselement (7) unter einem Winkel
(α) zwischen 20° und 27° von der Zentralachse (A) weg divergiert.
9. Mantel nach Anspruch 7, bei dem der Winkel (α) 23° beträgt.
10. Mantel nach einem der vorgehenden Ansprüche, der um die Zentralachse (A) symmetrisch
ist.
11. Mantel nach einem der vorgehenden Ansprüche, der im wesentlichen kreiszylindrisch
ist.
12. Mantel nach einem der Ansprüche 3 bis 11, bei dem der Übergangsbereich (8a) einen
Kreis bildet.
13. Mantel nach einem der Ansprüche 1-11, dessen Anschlag (6) ringförmig umlaufend ist.
14. Mantel nach einem der vorgehenden Ansprüche, dessen mindestens teilweise divergierender
Bereich (8a) einen Teil (6c) hat, der der Zentralachse (A) am nächsten liegt.
15. Mantel nach einem der vorgehenden Ansprüche, dessen Anschlag (6) mindestens teilweise
einen Durchmesser hat, der kleiner ist als der Mantel-Hauptdurchmesser.
16. Mantel nach einem der Ansprüche 2-15, dessen Führungselement (7) mindestens teilweise
einen Durchmesser hat, der kleiner ist als der Mantel-Hauptdurchmesser.
17. Behälter (1) zur Aufnahme eines Fluids unter Druck mit einem Mantel (2) nach einem
der vorgehenden Ansprüche sowie einem Verschlusselement (3), das auf mindestens einer
Seite des Mittelteils mit dem mindestens teilweise divergierenden Bereich (8a) des
Endteils lösbar verbunden ist.
18. Behälter nach Anspruch 17, dessen Verschlusselement (3) konvex ist und eine Umfangskante
aufweist, die mit dem divergierenden Teil (8a) im wesentlichen parallel zusammentrifft.
19. Behälter nach Anspruch 17 oder 18, dessen Verschlusselement (3) kuppelförmig ist.
20. Behälter nach einem der Ansprüche 17-19, dessen Verschlusselement (3) mit dem Mantel
durch eine Schweißung (11) direkt auf dem Umfangsrand des Verschlusselements (3),
wo dieser an der Innenseite des Mantels (2) anliegt, verbunden ist.
21. Behälter nach einem der Ansprüche 17-20, dessen Mantel und/oder Verschlusselement
mit mindestens einer Öffnung zur Aufnahme einer Einrichtung zum Beheizen oder Kühlen
eines Fluids im Behälter und/oder zum Befördern von Fluiden in den bzw. aus dem Behälter
versehen ist.
22. Behälter nach Anspruch 21, bei dem die Einrichtung zum Beheizen eines in ihm befindlichen
Fluids eine wärmetechnische Einrichtung wie bspw. ein elektrisches Tauchheizelement,
einen Ölbrenner, einen Gasbrenner oder eine Rohrschlange zum Erwärmen oder Kühlen
aufweist.
23. Behälter nach Anspruch 21 oder 22, bei dem die Einrichtung zum Erwärmen oder Kühlen
eines Fluids im Behälter eine Steuer- bzw. Regeleinrichtung wie bspw. einen Thermostat
oder einen Nebenanschluss aufweist.
24. Verfahren zum Herstellen eines Mantels (2) nach Anspruch 1-16, bei dem man eine rechteckige
Blech- oder Kunststofftafel mit im wesentlichen rechteckiger Form bereitstellt und
den mindestens teilweise divergierenden Bereich (8a) mindestens eines der Endteile
(5) zu dessen Sollform profiliert, indem man mindestens ein Profilierwerkzeug auf
der Innenseite des Mantels (2) und mindestens ein Profilierwerkzeug auf der Außenseite
des Mantels ansetzt, wobei mindestens eines der Profilierwerkzeuge in Drehung versetzt
wird.
25. Verfahren nach Anspruch 24, bei dem man eine rechteckige Blech- oder Kunststofftafel
zu einer im wesentlichen kreiszylindrischen Gestalt mit einem Längsschlitz biegt,
den man verschweißt, wobei das Biegen und Schweißen dem Ausbilden des im wesentlichen
divergierenden Bereichs (8a) vorhergehen.
26. Verfahren nach Anspruch 24 oder 25, bei dem man die Mantelwandung stanzt, um die mindestens
eine Öffnung (10) zum Anbringen von Einrichtungen zum Erwärmen oder Kühlen eines Fluids
und/oder zum Fördern von Fluiden herzustellen.
27. Verfahren zum Herstellen eines Behälters nach Anspruch 17-23, bei dem man das Verschlusselement
(3) auf den mindestens teilweise divergierenden Bereich (8a) auflegt und ersteres
mit letzterem verbindet.
28. Verfahren nach Anspruch 27, bei dem das Verbinden erfolgt, indem man die dem Endteil
(5a) zugewandte Seite des Verschlusselements schweißt.
29. Verfahren nach Anspruch 27 oder 28, bei dem man eine Einrichtung zum Erwärmen oder
Kühlen eines im Behälter befindlichen Fluids und/oder zum Befördern von Fluiden in
den oder aus dem Behälter anbringt.
1. Enveloppe (2) pour un récipient (1), agencée de manière à contenir un fluide sous
pression et prévue autour d'un axe central (A), comportant une partie centrale (9)
le long de l'axe central (A), et une partie d'extrémité (5) située au moins d'un côté
de ladite partie centrale, ladite partie centrale définissant une ouverture (5b),
caractérisée en ce que ladite partie d'extrémité (5) forme une partie (8a), au moins qui diverge partiellement
dans une direction le long et à partir de l'axe central (A) et dans une direction
à partir de ladite partie centrale (9), partie (8a) contre laquelle un élément de
fermeture (3) est destiné à être raccordé de façon non amovible, au moins un élément
d'arrêt (6) étant prévu autour de la circonférence intérieure de l'enveloppe au niveau
de la partie d'extrémité (5), ledit élément d'arrêt (6) comprenant au moins une partie
saillante (6b), dans laquelle au moins un renfoncement (6a) est prévu autour de la
circonférence extérieure de l'enveloppe formant ladite partie saillante (6b).
2. Enveloppe selon la revendication 1, dans laquelle la partie d'extrémité (5) comprend
un élément de guidage (7).
3. Enveloppe selon la revendication 2, dans laquelle ladite partie d'extrémité (5) est
pourvue d'un espace limite (8) entre ledit élément d'arrêt (6) et ledit élément de
guidage (7).
4. Enveloppe selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans laquelle la
partie saillante (6b) est dirigée essentiellement vers l'axe central (A).
5. Enveloppe selon l'une quelconque des revendications 2 à 4, dans laquelle la divergence
de l'élément de guidage (7) est essentiellement constante.
6. Enveloppe selon l'une quelconque des revendications 2 à 5, dans laquelle la divergence
de l'élément de guidage (7) possède un angle (α) compris entre 5° et 60° par rapport
à l'axe central (A).
7. Enveloppe selon l'une quelconque des revendications 2 à 6, dans laquelle la divergence
de l'élément de guidage (7) possède un angle (α) compris entre 10° et 45° par rapport
à l'axe central (A).
8. Enveloppe selon l'une quelconque des revendications 2 à 7, dans laquelle la divergence
de l'élément de guidage (7) possède un angle (α) compris entre 20° et 27° par rapport
à l'axe central (A).
9. Enveloppe selon la revendication 7, dans laquelle l'angle (α) est égal à 23°.
10. Enveloppe selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, qui est symétrique
par rapport audit axe central (A).
11. Enveloppe selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, qui est essentiellement
en forme de cylindre circulaire.
12. Enveloppe selon l'une quelconque des revendications 3 à 11, dans laquelle ladite partie
limite (8a) forme un cercle.
13. Enveloppe selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 11, dans laquelle ledit élément
d'arrêt (6) est annulaire.
14. Enveloppe selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans laquelle la
une partie (8a) au moins partiellement divergente possède une partie (6c) qui est
la plus proche de l'axe central (A).
15. Enveloppe selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans laquelle l'élément
d'arrêt (6) possède au moins partiellement un diamètre, qui est inférieur au diamètre
principal de l'enveloppe.
16. Enveloppe selon l'une quelconque des revendications 2 à 15, dans laquelle ledit élément
de guidage (7) possède au moins partiellement un diamètre qui est inférieur au diamètre
principal de l'enveloppe.
17. Récipient (1) destiné à contenir un fluide sous pression, comprenant une enveloppe
(2) selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, et un élément de fermeture
(3) raccordé de façon amovible à ladite partie (8a) au moins partiellement divergente
au niveau de ladite partie d'extrémité, au moins d'un côté de ladite partie centrale.
18. Récipient selon la revendication 17, dans lequel l'élément de fermeture (3) est convexe
et possède un bord circonférentiel qui rencontre ladite partie divergente (8a) dans
une relation essentielle parallèle.
19. Récipient selon la revendication 17 ou 18, dans lequel l'élément de fermeture (3)
est en forme de dôme.
20. Récipient selon l'une quelconque des revendications 17 à 19, dans lequel l'élément
de fermeture (3) est raccordé à l'enveloppe par un joint soudé (11) directement appliqué
à la périphérie de l'élément de fermeture (3), à l'endroit où il s'applique contre
l'intérieur de l'enveloppe (2).
21. Récipient selon l'une quelconque des revendications 17 à 20, dans lequel l'enveloppe
et/ou l'élément de fermeture sont pourvus d'au moins une ouverture (10) adaptée pour
le montage de moyens permettant le chauffage ou le refroidissement d'un fluide contenu
dans le récipient et/ou pour convoyer des fluides en direction ou à partir du récipient.
22. Récipient selon la revendication 21, dans lequel lesdits moyens de chauffage d'un
fluide contenu dans le récipient comprennent des moyens thermiques, comme par exemple
un dispositif de chauffage électrique à immersion, un brûleur à mazout, un brûleur
à gaz ou une bobine tubulaire de chauffage ou de refroidissement.
23. Récipient selon la revendication 21 ou 22, dans lequel lesdits moyens de chauffage
ou de refroidissement d'un fluide contenu dans le récipient comprennent un équipement
de commande, comme par exemple un thermostat ou un shunt.
24. Procédé pour fabriquer une enveloppe (2) selon les revendications 1 à 16, incluant
le fait de prévoir une feuille rectangulaire de métal ou de matière plastique possédant
une forme essentiellement rectangulaire, profiler ladite partie (8a) au moins partiellement
divergente d'au moins l'une des portions d'extrémité (5) pour obtenir une forme désirée
de la feuille, par application au moins d'un outil de profilage à l'intérieur de l'enveloppe
(2) et au moins un outil de profilage appliqué sur l'extérieur de l'enveloppe, selon
lequel au moins l'un des outils de profilage est amené activement à tourner.
25. Procédé selon la revendication 24, incluant le cintrage d'une tôle rectangulaire en
un métal ou une matière plastique pour lui donner une forme essentiellement de cylindre
circulaire avec une fente longitudinale, qui est fermée par soudage, ledit cintrage
et ledit soudage précédant la formation de ladite partie essentiellement divergente
(8a).
26. Procédé selon la revendication 24 ou 25, incluant l'estampage de la paroi de l'enveloppe
pour obtenir ladite au moins une ouverture (10) adaptée pour le montage de moyens
servant à chauffer ou refroidir un fluide et/ou pour convoyer des fluides.
27. Procédé de fabrication d'une enveloppe selon les revendications 17 à 23, incluant
la mise en place de l'élément de fermeture (3) contre ladite partie (8a) au moins
partiellement divergente et le raccordement dudit élément de fermeture et de ladite
partie divergente (8a).
28. Procédé selon la revendication 27, selon lequel le raccordement est exécuté par soudage
du côté de l'élément de fermeture qui est tourné vers la partie d'extrémité (5a).
29. Procédé selon la revendication 27 ou 28 incluant le montage de moyens pour chauffer
ou refroidir un fluide contenu dans le récipient, et/ou pour convoyer des fluides
en direction ou en provenance du récipient.