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(11) | EP 1 190 144 B1 |
| (12) | EUROPEAN PATENT SPECIFICATION |
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| (54) |
COMPACTOR AND COMPACTOR SERIES KOMPAKTOR UND KOMPAKTORSERIE COMPACTEUR ET SERIES DE COMPACTEURS |
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| Note: Within nine months from the publication of the mention of the grant of the European patent, any person may give notice to the European Patent Office of opposition to the European patent granted. Notice of opposition shall be filed in a written reasoned statement. It shall not be deemed to have been filed until the opposition fee has been paid. (Art. 99(1) European Patent Convention). |
[0001] The present invention relates to a compactor, which is intended particularly for crushing material and compacting the surface layer by driving the compactor, and which compactor includes
- preferably a chassis-steered base and rollers arranged in both on its chassis sections,
- essentially identical hydraulic motor units arranged in connection with the rollers,
- an engine arranged in one of the chassis sections,
- hydraulic pumps connected to the engine, which are connected to the hydraulic motor units arranged to rotate the rollers, in order to drive the compactor. The invention also relates to a compactor series comprising compactors.
[0002] Known compactors are used especially on landfill sites, to effectively crush and compact garbage. For this purpose, the compactors are heavy, their wheels being rollers equipped with spikes. Due to their large masses and slow speeds, hydrostatic transmissions are preferably used in these compactors. To rationalize the manufacture of compactors of varying power, their transmissions are assembled from a single type of module, the number of modules varying according to the power required. Such a compactor series including a compactor is known from US patent publication 4,854,772. In it, there is a diesel engine, which continues in a transfer gearbox, to which from one to four hydraulic pumps are connected as required. The hydraulic pumps rotate the rollers' hydraulic motor units. In the largest compactor of the compactor series, there are hydraulic motor units at both ends of both rollers. Thus, each roller end has its own hydraulic pump, when all four hydraulic pumps are used. Generally, one hydraulic pump is thus required for each motorized end part of a roller.
[0003] Despite the modular construction, this compactor transmission is disadvantageous. The transfer gearbox used in each compactor must be dimensioned according to the largest compactor. Thus, the transfer gearbox is clearly over-dimensioned in all except the largest compactors. In addition, the transfer gearbox itself is an expensive and complex component, which requires a great deal of maintenance. However, from the point of view of driving the compactor, the difficulty of controlling the roller hydraulic motor units is even more significant, in situations in which there are hydraulic motor units at both ends of the roller. Despite highly-developed hydraulic motors and their control technology, there are always differences in the rotation speeds and moments of hydraulic motor units rotated by two different hydraulic pumps. In practice, the hydraulic motors at one end of the roller brake the rotation of the roller. This increases the compactor's energy consumption and strains the transmission. In addition, full pressure and return lines must be made from each hydraulic pump.
[0004] The invention is intended to create a compactor and compactor series, the compactors of which have simpler transmissions and are more easily steered than previously. The characteristic features of the present invention appear in the accompanying Claims. By means of suitable transmission connections and components, it is possible to manage with the smallest possible number of hydraulic pumps. At the same time, a separate transfer gearbox is not needed at all. In addition, the control of the hydraulic motor units is simpler than previously and no braking effect appears. A construction solution according to the invention also leads to saving in the amount of hydraulic piping.
[0005] In the following, the invention is disclosed in detail, with reference to the accompanying drawings showing some embodiments of the invention, in which
- Figure 1a
- shows a simplified side view of a compactor according to the invention,
- Figures 1b - 2b
- show simplified top views of a compactor series according to the invention.
[0006] Figure 1a shows a simplified side view of a compactor according to the invention. The compactor includes a chassis-steered base and rollers 11 and 11' arranged in both of its chassis sections 10 and 10'. There are spinous protrusions 12 in rollers 11 and 11', which improve the crushing and compacting power of the compactor. In addition, essentially identical hydraulic motor units are arranged in connection with rollers 11 and 11'. The hydraulic motor units, more briefly referred to as the units, are located in the end parts 14 of rollers 11 and 11'. However, the figures do not show the individual hydraulic motors. In the front chassis section 10 there is a driving cab 15 and in the rear chassis section 10' there is an engine 16 with its auxiliary equipment and fuel tanks. In addition, hydraulic pumps are connected to engine 16 and are connected by suitable pipelines to the hydraulic motor units arranged to rotate rollers 11 and 11', in order to drive the compactor.
[0007] In a compactor according to the invention, there are two hydraulic pumps, which are arranged in tandem as a direct continuation of the engine. In this case, a separate transfer gearbox is not required, thus simplifying the construction of the transmission. In addition, each hydraulic pump is arranged to rotate the units of different rollers. Thus, a suitable hydraulic pump can be selected for the roller to suit individual cases. The selection of the hydraulic pump is described in greater detail in connection with Figures 1b - 2b.
[0008] Figure 1b shows a compactor, with units 13 only in one end of its rollers 11 and 11'. In this case, both hydraulic pumps 17 are preferably identical and they each rotate a different roller. In the figures, the same reference numbers are used for components that are functionally similar. The number of units thus varies according to the size class of the compactor. In the compactor of Figure 1b, the oil pipes between the units 13 and the hydraulic pumps 17 are conventional.
[0009] Figure 2a shows a compactor that is larger than the previous one, and which has a rear roller 11' that is longer than the front roller. At the same time, the power requirement of the rear roller 11' increases, so that units 13 are placed in both end parts. The driving of an originally advantageously module-dimensioned compactor with the same units thus requires double the power. In this case, a hydraulic pump, which has double the power of the short roller's pump, is used for the long roller. In other words, in the compactor in question, a large hydraulic pump 17 and a hydraulic pump 17 half of its size, are used in tandem as a continuation of the engine. Naturally, the engine's power must then also be greater. In addition, the units of the longer roller are connected in parallel to a correspondingly large hydraulic pump 17. Hydraulic oil, at a pressure and volume flow that are essentially the same, flows to the units at both ends of the long roller. In addition, the unified roller keeps the speed of the units always the same, so that it operates as a kind of differential lock. Thus, the units of the same roller always rotate at the same speed, without a braking effect. This makes the compactor easier to steer and reduces energy consumption. At the same time, the transmission pressure and return lines are shorter than in known solutions. In Figures 1b - 2b, the pressure pipes are only shown diagrammatically by broken lines.
[0010] In the compactor of Figure 2b, there are units 13, at both ends of both rollers 11 and 11', which are connected in parallel to a corresponding hydraulic pump. In this case, both hydraulic pumps 17 have thus a higher output. In the compactor in question, an even greater saving is achieved in the lengths of the piping, compared to the previous compactors, especially in the case of the front roller 11.
[0011] A compactor according to the invention allows the creation of a compactor series, which comprises at least a small, medium, and large compactor. Each compactor in the compactor series has always two hydraulic pumps. In addition, the hydraulic pumps are set in tandem directly as a continuation of the engine, so that a separate transfer gearbox is not required. Further, both hydraulic pumps are arranged to rotate the units of different rollers, which facilitates the steering of the rollers and the selection of the output of the hydraulic pumps. In practice, in the compactor series, from two to four essentially identical units are arranged in the end parts of the rollers. There is a single unit, according to Figure 1b, in both rollers of the small compactor. Correspondingly, in the medium compactor, there is one unit in one of the rollers and two units in the other roller (Figure 2a). There are two hydraulic motor units in both rollers of the large compactor, as shown in Figure 2b.
[0012] The hydraulic pumps are preferably of two different output classes. The output classes are arranged in such a way that the hydraulic pumps of the larger output class are arranged to feed two hydraulic motor units connected in parallel in the same roller. Correspondingly, the hydraulic pumps of the smaller output class are arranged to feed a single hydraulic motor unit of a single roller. The larger output class is preferably two times greater than the smaller output class. Thus, the outputs of the hydraulic pumps always correspond to the power requirements of the various compactors in the compactor series. In addition, only two different sizes of hydraulic pump are needed in the entire compactor series, the combination of which provides the necessary output classes.
- preferably a chassis-steered base and rollers (11, 11') arranged in both of its chassis sections (10, 10'),
- essentially identical hydraulic motor units (13) arranged in connection with the rollers (11, 11')
- an engine (16) fitted to one of the chassis sections (10, 10'),
- hydraulic pumps (17, 17'), connected to the engine (16), which are connected to the hydraulic motor units (13) arranged to rotate the rollers (11, 11'), in order to drive the compactor,wherein two hydraulic pumps (17, 17'), are arranged in tandem, characterised in that the said two pumps (17, 17') are arranged as a direct continuation of the engine (16), and that each of said two pumps (17, 17') is arranged to rotate the hydraulic motor units (13) of a different roller (11, 11') .
- preferably chassis-steered bases and rollers (11, 11') arranged in both of their chassis sections (10, 10'),
- 2 - 4 essentially identical hydraulic motor units (13) arranged in the end parts (14) of the rollers (11, 11'), in such a way that there is a single hydraulic motor unit in both rollers (11, 11') of the small compactor, one hydraulic motor unit (13) in one roller (11) and two hydraulic motor units (13) in the other roller (11') of the medium compactor, and two hydraulic motor units (13) in both rollers (11, 11') of the large compactor,
- engines (16) fitted to one of the chassis sections (10, 10'),
- hydraulic pumps (17, 17'), connected to the engines (16), which are connected to the hydraulic motor units (13) arranged to rotate the rollers (11, 11'), in order to drive the compactor, wherein in each compactor of the compactor series, there are two hydraulic pumps (17, 17') arranged in tandem, characterized in that the said two pumps (17, 17') are arranged as a direct continuation of the engine (16), and each of said two pumps (17, 17') is arranged to rotate the hydraulic motor units (13) of a different roller (11, 11').
- ein bevorzugt mit Rahmenlenkung ausgestattetes Gestell mit Walzenkörpern (11, 11') an beiden Rahmenteilen (10, 10'),
- in Verbindung mit den Walzenkörpern (11, 11') angeordnete, im Wesentlichen identische Hydraulikmotoreinheiten (13),
- einen an dem einen der Rahmenteile (10, 10') angeordneten Motor (16), und
- an den Motor (16) angeschlossene Hydraulikpumpen (17, 17'), die zwecks Fahrens des Kompaktors mit die Walzenkörper (17, 17') antreibenden Hydraulikmotoreinheiten (13) verbunden sind, umfasst, und bei dem zwei Hydraulikpumpen (17, 17') hintereinander angeordnet sind, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die besagten zwei Pumpen (17, 17') unmittelbar als Fortsetzung des Motors (16) angeordnet sind, und dass jede der besagten zwei Pumpen (17, 17') die Hydraulikmotoreinheiten (13) eines anderen Walzenkörpers (11, 11') antreibt.
- ein bevorzugt mit Rahmenlenkung versehenes Gestell und an beiden Rahmenteilen (10, 10') Walzenkörper (11, 11') haben,
- 2 bis 4 im Wesentlichen identische Hydraulikmotoreinheiten (13) haben, angeordnet an den Stirnseitenteilen (14) der Walzenkörper (11, 11') dergestalt, dass beide Walzenkörper (11, 11') des kleinen Kompaktors je eine Hydraulikmotoreinheit (13), der mittelgroße Kompaktor an seinem einen Walzenkörper (11) einen und an seinem anderen Walzenkörper (11') zwei Hydraulikmotoreinheiten (13) und der große Kompaktor an seinen beiden Walzenkörpern (11, 11') je zwei Hydraulikmotoreinheiten (13) aufweist
- an dem einen ihrer Rahmenteile (10, 10') einen Motor (16) haben,
- an den Motor (16) angeschlossene Hydraulikpumpen (17, 17') haben, die zwecks Fahrens des Kompaktors mit den die Walzenkörper (11, 11') antreibenden Hydraulikmotoreinheiten (13) verbunden sind,
wobei jeder Kompaktor der Kompaktoren-Serie zwei hintereinander angeordnete Hydraulikpumpen (17, 17') hat, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die besagten zwei Pumpen (17, 17') unmittelbar als Fortsetzung des Motors (16) angeordnet sind und jede dieser besagten zwei Pumpen (17, 17') die Hydraulikmotoreinheiten (13) eines anderen Walzenkörpers (11, 11') antreibt.- de préférence une base à châssis orientable et des rouleaux (11, 11') disposés dans chacune des deux sections de châssis (10, 10')
- des unités de moteur hydrauliques (13) essentiellement identiques reliées aux rouleaux (11, 11'),
- un moteur (16) disposé dans l'une des sections de châssis (10, 10'),
- des pompes hydrauliques (17, 17') reliées au moteur (16), et qui sont reliées aux unités de moteurs hydrauliques (13) destinées à faire tourner les rouleaux (11, 11') afin de faire avancer le compacteur,
dans lequel les deux pompes hydrauliques (17, 17') sont montées en tandem, caractérisé par le fait que lesdites deux pompes (17, 17') sont disposées comme continuation directe du moteur (16), et que chacune desdites deux pompes (17, 17') est disposée de façon à faire tourner les unités de moteurs hydrauliques (13) d'un rouleau différent (11, 11').- de préférence des bases à châssis orientable et des rouleaux (11, 11') disposés dans les deux sections de châssis (10, 10'),
- entre 2 et 4 unités de moteurs hydrauliques (13) essentiellement identiques disposées dans les extrémités (14) des rouleaux (11, 11'), de telle manière qu'il y ait une unité de moteur hydraulique simple dans chacun des deux rouleaux (11, 11') du petit compacteur, une unité moteur de hydraulique (13) dans l'un des rouleaux (11) et deux unités de moteurs hydrauliques (13) dans l'autre rouleau (11') du compacteur de dimension moyenne, et deux unités de moteurs hydrauliques (13) dans chacun des deux rouleaux (11, 11') du grand compacteur,
- des moteurs (16) montés dans l'une des sections de châssis (10, 10'),
- des pompes hydrauliques (17, 17') reliées aux moteurs (16), et qui sont reliés aux unités de moteurs hydrauliques (13) destinées à actionner les rouleaux (11, 11') afin de faire avancer le compacteur,
deux pompes hydrauliques montées en tandem se trouvant dans chaque compacteur de la série de compacteurs, série caractérisée par le fait que lesdites deux pompes (17, 17') sont disposées comme continuation directe du moteur (16), et que chacune desdites deux pompes (17, 17') est disposée de façon à faire tourner les unités de moteurs hydrauliques (13) d'un rouleau différent (11, 11').