[0001] The present invention relates to a security document, particularly a banknote comprising
on-board electric power supply means for driving a new class of electronic security
means utilizing on-board power supply.
[0002] Although the invention refers to security documents, for example banknotes, passports,
identity cards, checks, stocks, bonds etc., reference is made hereinafter to banknotes.
[0003] The identification and authentication of banknotes is a long-standing problem. In
order to solve this goal, security means for banknotes have been developed and are
being developed to allow users and/or machines to discriminate between genuine and
forged banknotes and/or to discriminate among different values of banknotes.
[0004] Among the techniques adopted are the use of special papers, special inks and patterns,
the inclusion of watermarks and security threads as well. For example, some of these
techniques are disclosed in US-A-4 462 866, US-A-4 652 015, US-A-4 943 093 and US-A-5
161 829. One of the advantages of the above security means is that there is no consumption
of energy is involved. Therefore, most of the banknotes make use of the above techniques.
[0005] Although these traditional security means have been derived from sophisticated technological
developments, it must be realised that they are becoming dated and more vulnerable
to technological advances. Therefore, new security means have to be developed.
[0006] Photovoltaic cells have been known since the 19
th Century and found numerous applications in a wide field of electric devices, particularly
consumer products such as electronic calculators, watches etc, as well as aerospace
applications, notably in satellites for instrument power.
[0007] It is an object of the present invention to provide a security document, particularly
a banknote, with a new class of electronic security means for allowing users and/or
machines to discriminate between genuine and counterfeited banknotes and/or to discriminate
among different values of banknotes.
[0008] This problem is solved with the features of claim 1. Preferred embodiments of the
invention are the subject matter of the dependent claims.
[0009] According to the present invention, the security document, particularly the banknote,
comprises an on-board electrical power supply. The advantage of having an on-board
power supply is that all means using an on-board power supply can be considered as
new electronic security means, which have appropriate functions allowing users and/or
machines to discriminate between genuine and counterfeited banknotes and/or to discriminate
among different values of banknotes.
[0010] According to the invention, electronic security means are defined as electronic means
using electric energy provided by an on-board power supply, without utilizing an external
power supply, and allowing users and/or machines to discriminate between genuine and
counterfeited banknotes and/or to discriminate among different values of banknotes
without utilizing an external power supply.
[0011] It is an important aspect of the invention that the new class of electronic security
means using electric energy of an on-board power supply basically allows an identification
and/or authentication of the banknote by the user without utilizing an external apparatus.
[0012] According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the electronic security means
using electric energy comprises means for displaying predetermined data allowing users
an identification and/or authentication of the banknote without utilizing an external
reader device.
[0013] Because of the problem of power supply, the principle of providing banknotes with
new security means comprising electronic components allowing an identification and/or
authentication of the banknotes without utilizing an external reader device, have
never been considered.
[0014] According to a further embodiment of the invention, the electronic security means
is a means, particularly an integrated circuit (IC) capable of storing and emitting
predetermined data in a non-contacting manner for the identification and/or authentication
of the banknote. For example, such chips to be integrated into the banknote are described
in DE-A-196 30 648 and DE-A-196 01 358. These chips, however, make use of an external
reader/writer device, but only for communication and not for energising.
[0015] Some examples of electronic security means that can be used in combination with the
on-board power supply means are means comprising a microchip, electroluminescent material,
electro-active polymers/materials, light-emitting diodes, light-emitting polymers
and polymeric electronic displays.
[0016] The banknote substrate can be produced of paper, plastic/polymer, elemental metallic/metallic
alloy foils or a mix composite of two or more of the mentioned substrate-type materials.
[0017] Banknotes based on polymer substrates, for example biaxially oriented polypropylene,
are currently in circulation in dozen countries.
[0018] It is a major aspect of the invention that the on-board power supply means is a photovoltaic
(PV) cell means. Photovoltage may be defined as the conversion of light energy to
electrical voltage by a material. The photovoltaic cell can function under normal
white light of the electromagnetic spectrum but can also be tailor-made to work apart
from normal white light at some other specific wavelengths of the electromagnetic
spectrum.
[0019] The inventors have recognized that photovoltaic cells are not only capable as suitable
power supply means for electric and electronic devices, such as electronic calculators
etc., but that also a security document, particularly a banknote, can be provided
with a photovoltaic cell as an on-board power supply to have the above advantages.
The photovoltaic cell enables generation and supply of electrical power, which is
self-generating and self-sustaining.
[0020] The photovoltaic cell composition can be prepared by those skilled in the art of
PV cell research, development and production. For example, the photovoltaic cells
can be made of single crystalline or multicrystalline silicon, amorphous silicon,
CuInSe2 and its alloys, CdTe and its alloys, polymer sandwiched between different
contacts (e.g. A1 and ITO) for collecting a short-circuit photocurrent, etc., for
example, in "thin-film" PV cell technology.
[0021] In a preferred embodiment of the invention a thin-film photovoltaic cell is incorporated
into the banknote, which is thinner and lighter than other PV cells since they require
less semiconductor material. Thin-film PV cells have been commercially available for
many years. An important advantage of thin-film PV cells is that they can be created
on flexible surfaces. Therefore, in the case that the banknote itself is made of flexible
material, even a relative large surface of the banknote can be provided with the PV
cell without decreasing the flexible properties of the banknote.
[0022] According to a specific embodiment of the invention, the photovoltaic cell means
is directly applied on the surface of the front and/or reverse side of the security
document, for example by hot stamping as a stripe or a patch. Hot stamping is a generally
known dry printing method in which a heated die and foil are used to apply graphics
to a part.
[0023] The photovoltaic cell can also be applied by other printing technology (e. g. inkjet,
offset, screen, etc.) onto the banknote surfaces as a solid area. Screen printing
is a known method to produce plastic PV cells (Shaheen, S. E., Radspinner, R., Peyghambarian,
N. & Jabbour, G. E. Fabrication of bulk heterojunction plastic solar cells by screen
printing.
Applied Physics Letters, 79, 2996 - 2998, (2001)).
[0024] Preferably, the photovoltaic cell is integrated into a graphical design printing
of the substrate means of the banknote so that the cell does not become apparent at
once.
[0025] According to an alternative embodiment of the invention, the photovoltaic cell means
is embedded into a substrate means of the banknote, which has transparency properties.
Substrate means having transparent properties are, for example, polymer substrate
means. Thus, the photovoltaic cell is protected from environmental, i. e mechanical
and chemical attacks.
[0026] Security threads and holograms are widely used for authentication. The photovoltaic
cell can be part of or integrated into the security thread or the hologram of the
banknote.
[0027] For the purpose of illustrating the present invention, there are shown in the accompanying
drawings embodiments which are presently preferred; it being understood that the invention
is not limited to the precise arrangement and instrumentalities shown.
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a first embodiment of a banknote comprising a photovoltaic
cell on its front side,
FIG. 2 is a schematic cross sectional view of the banknote of FIG. 1, and
FIG. 3 is a schematic cross sectional view of a second embodiment of the banknote
comprising a photovoltaic cell embedded into the substrate of the banknote.
[0028] FIG. 1 shows a schematic view of the front side of a banknote according to the invention.
The banknote comprises a substrate 1 made of flexible material. A graphical design
printing 2 is provided on the front and reverse side of the substrate. The banknote
comprises a security thread 3 made of a metal strip and a hologram 4.
[0029] Furthermore, an electronic security device for providing predetermined data in a
non-contacting manner, for example an integrated circuit (IC), is integrated into
the substrate, and a display means for indicating predetermined data, for example
a LCD display, is applied onto the front side of the substrate of the banknote (FIG.
2). A security device which can be integrated is, for example, described in EP-A-0
905 657, which is made part of the disclosure of the present specification. The security
device and display means using electric energy are designated with the reference numbers
5 and 6. The on-board power supply 7 for both the IC 5 and the LCD display 6 is also
applied on the front side of the substrate. The on-board power supply is a photovoltaic
cell 7, preferably a thin-film PV cell created on a flexible carrier. The LCD display
6 should also be created on a flexible carrier. The photovoltaic cell and the LCD
display are attached to the substrate preferably via flexible adhesive layers 8. For
the case that the cell and/or the display are provided on non-flexible carriers and
the substrate of the banknote is made of flexible material the cell and the display
should be attached on non-flexible adhesive layers, respectively.
[0030] FIG. 3 is an alternative embodiment of the banknote comprising the security device
5, the display means 6 and the on-board power supply 7 for driving the security device
and the display means as well, which is a photovoltaic cell. This embodiment differs
form the embodiment of FIG. 1 and 2 in that the substrate 1 of the banknote is made
of transparent material and the photovoltaic cell and the LCD display means are integrated
into the substrate to protect these devices from mechanical and chemical attacks.
1. Security document comprising substrate means (1) and security means (5, 6), characterised in that the security document comprises an on-board electrical power supply means (7) and
that said security means is an electronic security means (5, 6) using electric energy
of said on-board electrical power supply means (7).
2. Security document according to claim 1, wherein the security document is a banknote
including said substrate means (1) comprising said security means (5, 6) using electric
energy.
3. Security document according to claim 1 or 2, wherein said on-board electrical power
supply means is a photovoltaic cell (7), particularly a thin-film photovoltaic cell,
particularly on a flexible surface.
4. Security document according to claim 3, wherein said substrate means (1) of said banknote
having a front and reverse side, said photovoltaic cell (7) being directly applied
on the surface of the front and/or reverse side of said banknote.
5. Security document according to claim 3, wherein said substrate means (1) of said banknote
has transparency properties, said photovoltaic cell means (7) being embedded into
said substrate.
6. Security document according to claim 3, wherein said banknote comprises a hologram
(4), said photovoltaic cell being integrated into said hologram.
7. Security document according to claim 3, wherein said banknote comprises a security
thread (3), said photovoltaic cell (7) being integrated into said security thread.
8. Security document according to claim 3, wherein said substrate means (1) of said banknote
comprises a graphical design printing (2), said photovoltaic cell being integrated
into said printing.
9. Security document according to one of claim 1 to 8, wherein said electronic security
means using electric energy comprises opto-electronic means (6) for displaying predetermined
data.
10. Security document according to one of claims 1 to 9, wherein said security means using
electric energy comprises an integrated circuit (5).
11. Security document according to claim 10, wherein said integrated circuit (5) is capable
of emitting predetermined data in a non-contacting manner.
12. Security document according to one of claims 1 to 11, wherein said substrate means
(1) of said banknote comprises one or more materials selected of the group consisting
of paper, plastic, polymer, elemental metallic foils and metallic alloy foils.