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EP 1 327 033 B1 |
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EUROPEAN PATENT SPECIFICATION |
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Mention of the grant of the patent: |
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06.10.2004 Bulletin 2004/41 |
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Date of filing: 13.07.2001 |
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International application number: |
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PCT/PL2001/000059 |
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International publication number: |
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WO 2003/006759 (23.01.2003 Gazette 2003/04) |
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A METHOD FOR THE REMOVAL OF DAMPNESS FROM BUILDINGS BY THE CRISTALLINE INJECTION TECHNIQUE
VERFAHREN ZUR ENTFEUCHTUNG VON BAUTEN DURCH KRISTALLINE EINSPRITZUNGSTECHNIK
PROCEDE POUR ELIMINER L'HUMIDITE DES BATIMENTS PAR LA TECHNIQUE D'INJECTION DE MATERIAU
CRISTALLIN
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Designated Contracting States: |
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AT BE CH CY DE DK ES FI FR GB GR IE IT LI LU MC NL PT SE TR |
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Designated Extension States: |
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AL LT LV MK RO SI |
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Priority: |
12.07.2001 PL 34862201
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Date of publication of application: |
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16.07.2003 Bulletin 2003/29 |
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Proprietor: Nawrot, Wojciech |
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00-087 Warszawa (PL) |
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Inventors: |
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- NAWROT, Wojciech
PL-00-087 Warszawa (PL)
- NAWROT, Maciej
PL-00-087 Warszawa (PL)
- NAWROT, Jaroslaw
PL-00-087 Warszawa (PL)
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Representative: Grünecker, Kinkeldey,
Stockmair & Schwanhäusser
Anwaltssozietät |
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Maximilianstrasse 58 80538 München 80538 München (DE) |
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References cited: :
DE-A- 4 418 441
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US-A- 4 867 791
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Note: Within nine months from the publication of the mention of the grant of the European
patent, any person may give notice to the European Patent Office of opposition to
the European patent
granted. Notice of opposition shall be filed in a written reasoned statement. It shall
not be deemed to
have been filed until the opposition fee has been paid. (Art. 99(1) European Patent
Convention).
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[0001] The subject of the invention is a method for the removal of dampness from the walls
of masonry buildings which became damp as a result of capillary rise of groundwater
in the wall material, which consists in injecting of an aqueous mixture into a number
of holes drilled in a building partition to be treated, the mixture includes portland
cement and specially developed inorganic and organic silicate activators with an addition
of an agent that controls the unfavourable convection effects in the capillary liquids
which disturb the desirable process of self-organisation of crystals. The ionic components
of this injection mixture, in diffusing inside the water-filled capillaries of the
masonry wall material, produce a horizontal or vertical damp-proof insulation in the
wall as a result of a specific crystallisation of some water-insoluble compounds,
thereby sealing off the pores and capillaries in the zone of the purposely drilled
injection holes. Additionally, to accelerate the diffusion processes, a surfactant
is added into the injection preparation, which favourably reduces viscosity of the
injection preparation, thus increases diffusion rate, which results in the desirable
increase in the radius of penetration of the agents that build the damp-proofing barrier
in walls.
[0002] Know in the art related to the techniques of the removal of dampness absorbed from
ground by masonry walls are a number of modified techniques of the crystalline injection
methods covered by Polish patents nos. 153 294 and 160 174 and the patent application
P. 338937.
[0003] In particular, Polish patent No. 160 174 teaches a method for the removal of dampness
in buildings, wherein a mixture of aqueous solutions of portland cement and an activator
which is sodium metasilicate and/or sodium polysilicate with an addition of sodium
phosphate is introduced into the drilled holes.
[0004] In the technique described in the former two patents the resultant penetration radiuses
of the crystalline injectate are unsatisfactorily large, while the crystals self-organisation
effect at high concentration gradients and at very low temperatures becomes disturbed
at larger distances from the injection hole centres. The use of microwave generators,
on the other hand, reduces diffusion rate and, in consequence, increases the penetration
radius. However, it poses a great health hazard to the crew and the users of the buildings
being treated. Also, the process of the heating ofthe injection zone on injecting
the walls can easily get out of control.
[0005] Unexpectedly good effects were achieved upon addition of a surface-active agent into
the injection preparation, as the radius of penetration of the damp-proofing agent
that stops groundwater from rising up the masonry wall by the capillary rise effect.
It was also found that the presence in the injection preparation of a hydrophobic
compound such as potassium or sodium methylsiliconates and of a surfactant sodium
ortho-phenylphenolate of fungicidal properties substantially reduces the disturbances
of the crystals self-organisation mechanism which underlies the process of production
of damp-proof insulation in walls. The insulation produced from domenes of crystals
that are arranged in concentric spherical rings in space can be seen in a vertical
or horizontal cross-section as a number of concentric rings of an increasingly greater
radius. The performance of the barrier thus produced is of indefinite lifetime, irrespective
of the initial moisture content and salinity in the walls, as the radius of penetration
of the injection preparation according to the invention is the larger, the high initial
moisture content in the wall. This property of the crystalline injection technique
makes it different from all the other wall dampness removal techniques known in the
art, as a greater wall moisture results there in a reduced penetration radius or in
the need to resort to the expensive heat sources to pre-dry the wall prior to the
injection operation.
[0006] The method according to this invention consists in a suitable preparation of the
injection mixture, which includes portland cement, an activator in the form of sodium
metasilicate and/or sodium polysilicate, sodium/potassium methylsiliconate, sodium
orthophenylphenolate as a surfactant, and water, the ratio by weight of the components:
cement to activator preferably ranging from 1:1 to 10:0.2, whereas the ratio of sodium
metasilicate, potassium metyfsificonate and sodium orthophenylphenolate and water
is preferably 1:0.2:0.05:4, respectively. Unexpectedly, the presence of sodium or
potassium methylsiliconate and of sodium orthophenylphenolate proved to be favourable
as concerns a clearly increased penetration radius for the injection mixture and rendered
the insulation membrane more flexible even at low temperatures of the walls in wintertime,
as compared with the treatment with the injection mixture without these additives.
The penetration radius increased by ca. 25% .
[0007] The horizontal damp-proof insulation consist in first drilling in the wall from which
dampness is to be removed holes arranged on a horizontal line parallel to the floor.
The holes, 20 mm in diameter are drilled at an angle of 15-30 degrees every 12-16
cm to a depth equal to the wall thickness minus 5-10 cm. Additional water is poured
into the holes thus made prior to the introduction of the injection preparation in
a quantity at least equal to the volume of the holes but not more than 0.5 1 for the
walls ca. two ceramic brick thick. The amount of the preparation introduced by gravity
into the holes according to the invention is equivalent to the volume of the hole
drilled. Upon termination of the injecting operation the holes are filled up with
the same preparation and made level with the wall face using a spatula.
[0008] The damp-proofing barrier of the crystalline kind is attained within seven to ten
days depending on diffusion rate which depends on temperature. The sealing effect
of the preparation according to the invention consists in that the silicate ions dissolved
in water along with calcium ions derived from specific dissociation of portlandite,
the mineral present in portland cement, make water-insoluble calcium silicate to precipitate
in the capillaries. A characteristic feature of the precipitated crystals is that
their precipitation at the outer end of the capillary at the injection hole do not
stop the precipitation reaction components to penetrate deeper into the capillary.
This effect, which is unexpectedly beneficial from the technological viewpoint, is
enhanced by the sealing function of the silicone compounds and the action of the fungicidal
surfactant that accelerates the diffusion rate.
[0009] As shown by laboratory testing, during the dampness-removal treatment by the crystalline
injection technique according to the invention, the crystallisation products become
arranged unexpectedly about the injection hole in the form of concentric rings that
are spaced initially several millimetres and then the distance between the rings gradually
increase to reach about one centimetre at a distance of ca. 10 cm from the centre
of the injection hole. The mechanism of the reaction proceeds initially through crystallisation
to form very fine crystals in the whole bulk involved in the diffusion process, and
subsequently through a spontaneous process referred to as self-organisation of crystals
to produce crystalline domains as well as domains not containing crystals.
[0010] An explanation of this effect is a thermodynamic driving force that occurs in a homogeneous
sol, admittedly being the result of a competitive growth of molecules on account of
the dependence of the equilibrium constant on the radius of the molecule which is
due to surface tension. As a result of this effect a number of images of the structures
formed are obtained which resemble the Liesegang rings. The formation of the whole
of the barrier in its thermodynamic mechanism reflects the so-called Prigoainian effects
(the 4
th principle of thermodynamics) occurring irreversibly in states far from the thermodynamic
equilibrium.
1. A method for the removal of dampness from buildings, the walls of which became damp
because of the capillary rise of groundwater, by means of crystalline injection wherein,
into purposely drilled holes in the wall, made preferably at the same level, from
10 to 18 cm apart, at an angle of 15 to 30 degrees, previously soaked with water taken
in a quantity equal to the hole volume, is injected a mixture of aqueous suspension
of portland cement and an activator, which is sodium or potassium metasilicate, preferably
at a cement to activator ratio by weight equaling from 1:1 to 10:0.2 with an addition
of alkali metal siliconates and sodium orthophenylphenolate, taken preferably in the
proportion: activator/ siliconate / orthophenylphenotate equal to 1:1:0.1, whereupon,
following the injecting, to accelerate first the diffusion then the crystallization
processes, the holes are stopped with a thicker injection preparation and, using a
spatula, floated snugly with the wall face.
1. Verfahren zur Entfeuchtung von Bauten , deren Wände feucht wurden wegen des kapillaren
Aufsteigens von Grundwasser durch kristalline Injektion, wobei in gezielt gebohrte
Löcher in der Wand, vorzugsweise auf dem selben Niveau, 10 bis 18 cm voneinander entfernt,
unter einem Winkel von 15 bis 30 Grad, die im Voraus mit Wasser mit einer Menge gleich
dem Lochvolumen getränkt werden eine Mischung einer wässrigen Suspension von Portlandzement
und eines Aktivators injiziert wird, der aus Natrium- oder Kaliummetasilikat besteht,
vorzugsweise bei einem Zement zu Aktivator-Gewichtsverhältnis von 1:1 bis 10:0,2 mit
einem Zusatz von Alkalimetallsilikonaten und Natriumorthophenylphenolat vorzugsweise
eingestellt in dem Verhältnis: Aktivator/Silikonat/Orthophenylphenolat gleich 1:1:0,1
, worauf die Löcher im Anschluss an die Injektion zur Beschleunigung zuerst der Diffusion
und dann der Kristallisationsprozesse mit einer dickeren Injektionszubereitung verstopft
werden und unter Verwendung einer Spachtel glatt anliegend mit der Wandfläche verstrichen
werden.
1. Procédé pour l'élimination de l'humidité des bâtiments, dont les murs deviennent humides
à cause de l'ascension capillaire de l'eau phréatique, au moyen d'une injection de
matériau cristallin, dans lequel, à l'intérieur de trous délibérément percés dans
le mur, faits de préférence au même niveau, espacés de 10 à 18 cm, selon un angle
de 15 à 30 degrés, précédemment imbibés d'eau prise en quantité égale au volume des
trous, est injecté un mélange de suspension aqueuse de ciment portland et un activateur,
qui est du métasilicate de sodium ou de potassium, de préférence à un rapport en poids
ciment/activateur égalant de 1:1 à 10:0,2 avec une addition de siliconates de métal
alcalin et d'orthophénylphénolates de sodium, pris de préférence dans la proportion
: activateur/siliconate/orthophénylphénolate égale à 1:1:0,1. après quoi, à la suite
de l'injection, afin d'accélérer les procédés de diffusion d'abord puis de cristallisation,
les trous sont arrêtés avec une préparation d'injection plus épaisse et, à l'aide
d'une spatule, sont bien aplanis avec la face du mur.