TECHNICAL FIELD
[0001] The present invention relates to liquid or gel dishwashing detergent compositions
suitable for use in manual dishwashing operations. These compositions contain olefin-derived
amine oxide surfactants, organic diamines, perfumes and trace amounts of transition
metal ions (present as impurities) as well as solvents and other detergent adjuvants.
These components, in the combinations disclosed herein, serve to provide dishwashing
detergent products with preferred food soil cleaning, handling and sudsing characteristics
while also having a color that is stable, i.e. it does not change over prolonged periods
of time.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
[0002] Light-duty liquid (LDL) or gel detergent compositions useful for manual dishwashing
are well known in the art. Such products are generally formulated to provide a number
of widely diverse performance and aesthetics properties and characteristics. First
and foremost, liquid or gel dishwashing products must be formulated with types and
amounts of surfactants and other cleaning adjuvants that will provide acceptable solubilization
and removal of food soils, especially greasy soils, from dishware being cleaned with,
or in aqueous solutions formed from such products. Thus, there is a continuing effort
by formulators of liquid dishwashing compositions to incorporate additional components
into manual liquid dishwashing detergents to provide consumers with improved cleaning
benefits.
[0003] Diamines are a type of nitrogenous compound which can improve the cleaning performance
of liquid dishwashing detergent compositions, in particular the cleaning of greasy,
hydrophobic soils on dishware or other kitchen articles Examples of dishwashing detergent
compositions comprising diamines, and having improved grease removal properties, are
described in WO 99/11746 and WO 98/28393. Manual liquid dishwashing compositions which
contain a combination of diamines, along with amine oxide and perfumes will have not
only excellent cleaning performance but also have a pleasing fragrance which improves
consumer acceptance.
[0004] However, it has been noticed that manual liquid dishwashing compositions which contain
this combination of a nitrogen-containing surfactant, a diamine and a perfume tend
to have an unstable color, i.e. the color unpredictably changes over a period of time,
such as the time which elapses during shipping and storage. Because color is the aesthetic
property most easily perceived by the consumer, it an extremely important property
of manual liquid dishwashing products. Particularly, because consumers may come to
identify their preferred dishwashing product, at least in part, by its color. Also.
a detergent manufacturer may use product color to help consumers distinguish among
a variety of the manufacturer's different manual liquid dishwashing products, each
of which offer a particular or enhanced feature. For example, a manufacturer may give
one color to their manual liquid dishwashing product which is especially good at cleaning
grease, another color to a manual liquid dishwashing product which is especially mild
on hands, and yet another color to a product which provides antimicrobial and sanitization
benefits. Furthermore, although most finished manual liquid dishwashing products which
are marketed to consumers are dyed to a specific color; if the color that is intrinsic
to the composition itself is unstable and changes over time, then the color of the
finished dyed manual liquid dishwashing products will also unpredictably change. Given
the foregoing there is a continuing need for detergent products which not only provide
excellent detersive performance and cleaning benefits, but which also are color-stable.
[0005] One solution to the problem of color instability or discoloration in a liquid detergent
composition is paste bleaching. In paste bleaching, one particular component of the
detergent composition (commonly a surfactant) which is the cause of the detergent
composition's color instability or discoloration is bleached, preferably in an oxidative
bleaching process in which hydrogen peroxide is used as an oxidizing agent. The bleaching
process is typically carried out at high temperatures (> 100°C) in a pressure reactor.
While this bleaching process is highly effective, it has the disadvantages of being
expensive and time-consuming and furthermore presents serious industrial-hygiene and
safety concerns. There is also the additional disadvantage that the bleached surfactant
may react adversely with other detergent components when added to a liquid detergent.
When the color-instability in a detergent formulation is caused by the presence of
a chemical impurity, another solution is to take steps to reduce or eliminate the
level of impurity in the formulation. However, like the paste-bleaching process, any
purification processes are also expensive and time-consuming.
[0006] Given the foregoing, there is a continuing need to formulate color-stable manual
liquid dishwashing products which contain diamines, nitrogen-containing surfactants
such as olefin-derived amine oxide and perfumes without resorting to paste-bleaching
or process purification procedures.
[0007] Accordingly, it is a benefit of the present invention to provide light-duty liquid
dishwashing compositions containing olefin-derived amine oxides, perfumes and diamines
and which not only provide improved cleaning benefits, but are also color-stable.
RELEVANT BACKGROUND ART
[0008] U. S. Pat Nos. 5,023,376, to Shehad et at., 5,442,113, to Blezard et al. and 5,498,791.
to Blezard et al, all discuss methods for the production of amine oxide and amine
oxide compositions and are discussed and differentiated from the present invention
in the text below.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
[0009] It has now been determined that a color-stable manual liquid dishwashing detergent
composition containing olefin-derived amine oxides, perfumes and diamines may be produced
by adding alkylene aminomethylene phosphonic acid or a salt thereof to the detergent
composition. By the present invention it has been discovered that the addition of
the aforementioned acids or salts will provide these color-stabilization benefits
whenever the manual liquid dishwashing detergent composition contains both transition
metal ions present as an impurity and an amine oxide that is derived from an olefin
as well as diamines and perfumes.
[0010] Thus according to a first aspect of the present invention the detergent compositions
of the present invention comprise an effective amount of an organic diamine, an olefin-derived
amine oxide surfactant, a perfume, transition metal cations and an alkylene aminomethylene
phosphonic acid or salt thereof selected from the group consisting of:
wherein X is the moiety -CH
2-PO
3M
y; R contains 2 to 6 carbon atoms and is an aliphatic or alicyclic diradical of 2 or
3 carbon atoms in length; M is either H or a non-transition metal cation which enhances
water solubility; y is 1 or 2, n is an integer between 1 to 4, inclusive and m is
an integer between 4 to 6, inclusive, and an anionic surfactant. In this first aspect
of the present invention the detergent composition has a pH (as measured in a 10%
aqueous solution) of less than 12.5.
[0011] In a second aspect of the present invention the detergent compositions of the present
invention comprise an effective amount of a low molecular weight organic diamine having
a pK1 and a pK2, wherein the pK1 and the pK2 of said diamine are both in the range
of from 8.0 to 11.5, an olefin-derived amine oxide surfactant, a perfume. transition
metal cations and from 0.0001% to 0.5% of an alkylene aminomethylene phosphonic acid
or salt thereof selected from the group consisting of:
wherein X is the moiety -CH
2-PO
3M
y; R contains 2 to 6 carbon atoms and is an aliphatic or alicyclic diradical of 2 or
3 carbon atoms in length; M is either H or a non-transition metal cation which enhances
water solubility; y is 1 or 2, n is an integer between 1 to 4, inclusive and m is
an integer between 4 to 6, inclusive. In this first aspect of the present invention
the detergent composition has a pH (as measured in a 10% aqueous solution) of less
than 12.5.
[0012] The present invention also encompasses a method aspect for improving the color-stability
of a liquid dishwashing detergent composition comprising the step of adding to the
detergent composition an alkylene aminomethylene phosphonic acid or salt thereof selected
from the group consisting of:
wherein X is the moiety -CH
2-PO
3M
y; R contains 2 to 6 carbon atoms and is an aliphatic or alicyclic diradical of 2 or
3 carbon atoms in length; M is either H or a non-transition metal cation which enhances
water solubility; y is 1 or 2, n is an integer between 1 to 4, inclusive and m is
an integer between 4 to 6, inclusive; and wherein the composition contains amine oxide,
diamines and perfumes and has a pH (as measured as 10% aqueous solution) of less than
12.5.
[0013] All parts, percentages and ratios used herein are expressed as percent weight unless
otherwise specified. Unless otherwise noted all pH values reported for a composition
are as measured as 10% aqueous solution.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
[0014] Definitions - The present detergent compositions comprise an "effective amount" or a "grease
removal-improving amount" of individual components defined herein. By an "effective
amount" of the diamines herein and adjunct ingredients herein is meant an amount which
is sufficient to improve, either directionally or significantly at the 90% confidence
level, the performance of the cleaning composition against at least some of the target
soils and stains. Thus, in a composition whose targets include certain grease stains,
the formulator will use sufficient diamine to at least directionally improve cleaning
performance against such stains.
[0015] By "color-stability" it is meant the property of a detergent composition which describes
the detergent composition's tendency to change in color over a period of time. The
change in color may be monitored by successive measurements of the detergent compositions
Hunter b-value over a period of time. Thus by "improving color stability" it is meant
that by the addition of a certain component, the absolute magnitude of the change
in the detergent composition's Hunter b-value over a fixed period of time is less
than the absolute magnitude of the change in the detergent composition's Hunter b-value
over the same period of time before the addition of the certain component.
[0016] By "light-duty liquid (LDL) detergent composition" it is meant a detergent composition
which is employed in manual (i.e. hand) dishwashing.
[0017] The present liquid detergent compositions contain an alkylene aminomethylene phosphonic
acid or salt thereof selected from the group consisting of:
wherein X is the moiety -CH
2-PO
3M
y; R contains 2 to 6 carbon atoms and is an aliphatic or alicyclic diradical of 2 or
3 carbon atoms in length; M is either H or a non-transition metal cation which enhances
water solubility; y is 1 or 2, n is an integer between 1 to 4, inclusive and m is
an integer between 4 to 6, inclusive. Aminopolyphosphonates, particularly ethylenediamine
tetramethylene phosphonic acid and diethylene triamine pentamethylene-phosphonic acid
are preferred.
[0018] As discussed above, the addition of an alkylene aminomethylene phosphonic acid greatly
enhances the color-stability of detergent compositions containing diamines, olefin-derived
amine oxide, perfumes and transitional metal ions, which are present as an impurity.
Without being limited by theory, it is believed that the color instability previously
noted is the result of complex color-forming reactions catalyzed by the transition
metal and the other components. By including metal ion sequestrants such as the phosphonic
acids and their salts described above, metal ions are complexed, which leaves only
a very low concentration of metal ions free in the solution to react with the other
components.
[0019] Phosophonic acids have previously been used in amine oxide-producing reactions. For
example, it is known that the presence of transition metal impurities can have the
effect of reducing the efficiency of a peroxide/amine reaction and that the inclusion
of phosophonic acids can lessen this effect. See U. S. Pat. No. 5,023,376, to Shehad
et al., issued June 11, 1991. However, in the present invention the phosphonic acids
or their salts are not added during the peroxide amine reaction, but rather are added
directly to the detergent composition which contains the olefin-derived amine oxide.
Unlike the Shehad Patent, the order of addition is not a critical or essential part
of the present invention.
[0020] U.S. Pat. No. 5.442,113, to Blezard et al., issued August 15, 1995 (along with its
divisional U.S. Pat. No. 5,449,791, to Blezard et al., issued March 12, 1996) also
discuss methods of producing amine oxide in the presence of phosphonic acid or salts
thereof. However, the Blezard patents do not mention the issue of color stability,
nor do they discuss the issue of contamination by transition metal impurities.
[0021] Solvents - The present invention may contain a variety of water-miscible liquids such as lower
alkanols, diols, other polyols, ethers, amines, and the like may be used in the present
invention. Particularly preferred are the C1-C4 alkanols.
[0022] When present the composition will preferably contain at least about 0.01%, more preferably
at least about 0.5%, even more preferably still, at least about 1% by weight of the
composition of solvent. The composition will also preferably contain no more than
about 20%, more preferably no more than about 10%, even more preferably, no more than
about 8% by weight of the composition of solvent.
[0023] These solvents may be used in conjunction with an aqueous liquid carrier, such as
water, or they may be used without any aqueous liquid carrier being present. Solvents
are broadly defined as compounds that are liquid at temperatures of 20°C-25°C and
which are not considered to be surfactants. One of the distinguishing features is
that solvents tend to exist as discrete entities rather than as broad mixtures of
compounds. Examples of suitable solvents for the present invention include ethanol,
propanol, isopropanol, 2-methyl pyrrolidinone, benzyl alcohol and morpholine n-oxide.
Preferred among these solvents are ethanol and isopropanol.
[0024] Suitable solvents for use herein include ethers and diethers having from 4 to 14
carbon atoms, preferably from 6 to 12 carbon atoms, and more preferably from 8 to
10 carbon atoms. Also other suitable solvents are glycols or alkoxylated glycols,
alkoxylated aromatic alcohols, aromatic alcohols, aliphatic branched alcohols, alkoxylated
aliphatic branched alcohols, alkoxylated linear C1-C5 alcohols, linear C1-C5 alcohols,
C8-C14 alkyl and cycloalkyl hydrocarbons and halohydrocarbons, C6-C16 glycol ethers
and mixtures thereof.
[0025] The present liquid detergent compositions may also contain either diols or polymeric
glycols or a mixture of both diols and polymeric glycols. Diols and polymeric glycols
suitable for use in the present invention are disclosed in greater detail in PCT Application
WO 00/46331, Clarke et al., entitled "Diols and Polymeric Glycols for Improved Dishwashing
Detergent Compositions".
[0026] Besides propylene glycol, polypropylene glycol and diols in the application incorporated
above, other glycols according to the formula: HO-CR1R2-OH wherein R1 and R2 are independently
H or a C2-C10 saturated or unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbon chain and/or cyclic are
suitable and can be used herein. One such suitable glycol is dodecaneglycol.
[0027] Suitable alkoxylated glycols which can be used herein are according to the formula
R-(A)
n-R
1-OH
wherein R is H, OH, a linear saturated or unsaturated alkyl of from 1 to 20 carbon
atoms, preferably from 2 to 15 and more preferably from 2 to 10, wherein R
1 is H or a linear saturated or unsaturated alkyl of from 1 to 20 carbon atoms, preferably
from 2 to 15 and more preferably from 2 to 10, and A is an alkoxy group preferably
ethoxy, methoxy, and/or propoxy and n is from 1 to 5, preferably 1 to 2. Suitable
alkoxylated glycols to be used herein are methoxy octadecanol and/or ethoxyethoxyethanol.
[0028] Suitable aromatic alcohols which can be used herein are according to the formula
R-OH wherein R is an alkyl substituted or non-alkyl substituted aryl group of from
1 to 20 carbon atoms, preferably from 1 to 15 and more preferably from 1 to 10. For
example a suitable aromatic alcohol to be used herein is benzyl alcohol.
[0029] Suitable aliphatic branched alcohols which can be used herein are according to the
formula R-OH wherein R is a branched saturated or unsaturated alkyl group of from
1 to 20 carbon atoms, preferably from 2 to 15 and more preferably from 5 to 12. Particularly
suitable aliphatic branched alcohols to be used herein include 2-ethylbutanol and/or
2-methylbutanol.
[0030] Suitable alkoxylated aliphatic branched alcohols which can be used herein are according
to the formula R (A)n-OH wherein R is a branched saturated or unsaturated alkyl group
of from 1 to 20 carbon atoms, preferably from 2 to 15 and more preferably from 5 to
12, wherein A is an alkoxy group preferably butoxy, propoxy and/or ethoxy, and n is
an integer of from 1 to 5, preferably 1 to 2. Suitable alkoxylated aliphatic branched
alcohols include 1-methylpropoxyethanol and/or 2-methylbutoxyethanol.
[0031] Suitable linear C1-C5 alcohols which can be used herein are according to the formula
R-OH wherein R is a linear saturated or unsaturated alkyl group of from 1 to 5 carbon
atoms, preferably from 2 to 4. Suitable linear C
1-C
5 alcohols are methanol, ethanol, propanol or mixtures thereof.
[0032] Other suitable solvents include, but are not limited to, butyl diglycol ether (BDGE),
butyltriglycol ether, ter amilic alcohol and the like. Particularly preferred solvents
which can be used herein are butoxy propoxy propanol, butyl diglycol ether, benzyl
alcohol, butoxypropanol, ethanol, methanol, isopropanol and mixtures thereof.
[0033] Other suitable solvents for use herein include propylene glycol derivatives such
as n-butoxypropanol or n- butoxypropoxypropanol, water-soluble CARBITOL R solvents
or water-soluble CELLOSOLVE R solvents; water-soluble CARBITOL R solvents are compounds
of the 2-(2-alkoxyethoxy)ethanol class wherein the alkoxy group is derived from ethyl,
propyl or butyl; a preferred water-soluble carbitol is 2-(2-butoxyethoxy)ethanol also
known as butyl carbitol. Water-soluble CELLOSOLVE R solvents are compounds of the
2-alkoxyethoxy ethanol class, with 2-butoxyethoxyethanol being preferred. Other suitable
solvents include benzyl alcohol, and diols such as 2-ethyl-1, 3-hexanediol and 2,2,4-trimethyl-1,3-pentanediol
and mixtures thereof. Some preferred solvents for use herein are n-butoxypropoxypropanol,
BUTYL CARBITOL ® and mixtures thereof.
[0034] The solvents can also be selected from the group of compounds comprising ether derivatives
of mono-, di- and tri-ethylene glycol, butylene glycol ethers, and mixtures thereof.
The molecular weights of these solvents are preferably less than 350, more preferably
between 100 and 300, even more preferably between 115 and 250. Examples of preferred
solvents include, for example, mono-ethylene glycol n-hexyl ether, mono-propylene
glycol n-butyl ether, and tri-propylene glycol methyl ether. Ethylene glycol and propylene
glycol ethers are commercially available from the Dow Chemical Company under the tradename
"Dowanol" and from the Arco Chemical Company under the tradename "Arcosolv". Other
preferred solvents including mono- and di-ethylene glycol n-hexyl ether are available
from the Union Carbide company.
[0035] Diamines - As noted above, the diamines used herein in detergent compositions in combination
with detersive surfactants at levels which are effective for achieving at least a
directional improvement in cleaning performance. In the context of a hand dishwashing
composition, such "usage levels" can vary depending not only on the type and severity
of the soils and stains, but also on the wash water temperature. the volume of wash
water and the length of time the dishware is contacted with the wash water.
[0036] Since the habits and practices of the users of detergent compositions show considerable
variation, the composition will preferably contain at least 0.1% more preferably at
least 0.2%, even more preferably, at least about 0.25%, even more preferably still,
at least 0.5% by weight of said composition of diamine. The composition will also
preferably contain no more than 15%, more preferably no more than 10%, even more preferably,
no more than 6%, even more preferably, no more than 5%, even more preferably still,
no more than 1.5% by weight of said composition of diamine.
[0037] In one of its several aspects, this invention provides a means for enhancing the
removal of greasy/oily soils by combining the specific diamines of this invention
with surfactants. Greasy/oily "everyday" soils are a mixture of triglycerides, lipids,
complex polysaccharides, fatty acids, inorganic salts and proteinaceous matter.
[0038] Thus diamines, in combination with amphoteric and anionic surfactants in the specific
ratios discussed below, offer the benefit of improved grease and tough food cleaning
which allows the elimination or reduction in the amount of divalent ions in the preferred
embodiments of the present formula. This improved cleaning is a result of diamines'
proclivity as a buffering agent to increase the alkalinity of the dishwashing composition.
The superior rate of dissolution achieved by divalent ion elimination even allows
the formulator to make hand dishwashing detergents, especially compact formulations,
at even significantly higher viscosities (e.g., 1,000 centipoise or higher) than conventional
formulations while maintaining excellent dissolution and cleaning performance. This
has significant potential advantages for making compact products with a higher viscosity
while maintaining acceptable dissolution. By "compact" or "Ultra" is meant detergent
formulations with reduced levels of water compared to conventional liquid detergents.
For "compact" or "Ultra" formulations, the level of water is less than 70%, preferably
less than 40% by weight of the liquid dishwashing detergent compositions. Said concentrated
products provide advantages to the consumer, who has a product which can be used in
lower amounts and to the producer, who has lower shipping costs. For compositions
which are not meant to be concentrated, a suitable water level is less than about
85 %, more preferably less than about 70 % by weight of the liquid dishwashing detergent
compositions.
[0039] It is preferred that the diamines used in the present invention are substantially
free from impurities. That is, by "substantially free" it is meant that the diamines
are over 95% pure, i.e., preferably 97%, more preferably 99%, still more preferably
99.5%, free of impurities. Examples of impurities which may be present in commercially
supplied diamines include 2-Methyl-1,3-diaminobutane and alkylhydropyrimidine. Further,
it is believed that the diamines should be free of oxidation reactants to avoid diamine
degradation and ammonia formation.
[0040] As is discussed in greater detail below, making the compositions free of hydrogen
peroxide is important when the compositions contain an enzyme. Even small amounts
of hydrogen peroxide can cause problems with enzyme containing formulations. However,
the diamine can react with any peroxide present and act as an enzyme stabilizer and
prevent the hydrogen peroxide from reacting with the enzyme. The only draw back of
this stabilization of the enzymes by the diamine is that the nitrogen compounds produced
are believed to cause the malodors which can be present in diamine containing compositions.
Having the diamine act as an enzyme stabilizer may prevent the diamine from providing
the benefits to the composition for which it was originally put in to perform, namely,
grease cleaning, sudsing, dissolution and low temperature stability. Therefore, it
is preferred to minimize the amount of hydrogen peroxide present as an impurity in
the inventive compositions either by using components which are substantially free
of hydrogen peroxide or any other bleaching species and/or by using non-diamine antioxidants
even though the diamine can produce malodorous compounds and the reduction in the
amount of diamine available present to perform its primary role.
[0041] Preferred organic diamines are those in which pK1 and pK2 are in the range of 8.0
to 11.5, preferably in the range of 8.4 to 11, even more preferably from 8.6 to 10.75.
Preferred materials for performance and supply considerations are 1,3-bis(methylamine)-cyclohexane
(pKa=10 to 10.5), 1,3 propane diamine (pK1=10.5; pK2=8.8), 1,6 hexane diamine (pK1=11;
pK2=10), 1,3 pentane diamine (Dytek EP) (pK1=10.5; pK2=8.9), 2-methyl 1,5 pentane
diamine (Dytek A) (pK1=11.2; pK2= 10.0). Other preferred materials are the primary/primary
diamines with alkylene spacers ranging from C4 to C8. In general, it is believed that
primary diamines are preferred over secondary and tertiary diamines.
[0042] Definition of pK1 and pK2 - As used herein, "pKa1" and "pKa2" are quantities of a type collectively known to
those skilled in the art as "pKa" pKa is used herein in the same manner as is commonly
known to people skilled in the art of chemistry. Values referenced herein can be obtained
from literature, such as from "Critical Stability Constants: Volume 2, Amines" by
Smith and Martel, Plenum Press, NY and London, 1975. Additional information on pKa's
can be obtained from relevant company literature, such as information supplied by
Dupont, a supplier of diamines.
[0043] As a working definition herein, the pKa of the diamines is specified in an all-aqueous
solution at 25°C and for an ionic strength between 0.1 to 0.5 M. The pKa is an equilibrium
constant which can change with temperature and ionic strength; thus, values reported
in the literature are sometimes not in agreement depending on the measurement method
and conditions. To eliminate ambiguity, the relevant conditions and/or references
used for pKa's of this invention are as defined herein or in "Critical Stability Constants:
Volume 2, Amines". One typical method of measurement is the potentiometric titration
of the acid with sodium hydroxide and determination of the pKa by suitable methods
as described and referenced in "The Chemist's Ready Reference Handbook" by Shugar
and Dean, McGraw Hill, NY, 1990.
[0044] It has been determined that substituents and structural modifications that lower
pK1 and pK2 to below 8.0 are undesirable and cause losses in performance. This can
include substitutions that lead to ethoxylated diamines, hydroxy ethyl substituted
diamines, diamines with oxygen in the beta (and less so gamma) position to the nitrogen
in the spacer group (e.g., Jeffamine EDR 148). In addition, materials based on ethylene
diamine are unsuitable.
[0045] The diamines useful herein can be defined by the following structure.
wherein R
2-5 are independently selected from H, methyl, -CH
3CH
2, and ethylene oxides; C
x and C
v are independently selected from methylene groups or branched alkyl groups where x+y
is from 3 to 6; and A is optionally present and is selected from electron donating
or withdrawing moieties chosen to adjust the diamine pKa's to the desired range. If
A is present, then x and y must both be 1 or greater.
[0046] Examples of preferred diamines can be found in U.S. patent No. 6,589,926 of Phillip
Kyle Vinson et al., entitled "Dishwashing Detergent Compositions Containing Organic
Diamines for Improved Grease Cleaning, Sudsing, Low Temperature Stability and Dissolution".
[0047] Anionic Surfactants - The anionic surfactants useful in the present invention are preferably selected
from the group consisting of linear alkylbenzene sulfonate, alpha olefin sulfonate,
paraffin sulfonates, alkyl ester sulfonates, alkyl sulfates, alkyl alkoxy sulfate,
alkyl sulfonates, alkyl alkoxy carboxylate, alkyl alkoxylated sulfates, sarcosinates,
taurinates, and mixtures thereof. An effective amount, typically from 0.5% to 90%,
preferably 5% to 50%, more preferably from 10 to 30%, by weight of anionic detersive
surfactant can be used in the present invention.
[0048] Suitable examples of anionic surfactants may be found in PCT Application WO 99/27058
of Chandrika Kasturi et al., entitled "Liquid Detergent Compositions Comprising Polymeric
Suds Enhancers". Further examples of suitable anionic surfactants are given in "Surface
Active Agents and Detergents" (Vol. I and II by Schwartz, Perry and Berch). A variety
of such surfactants are also generally disclosed in U.S. Patent 3,929,678, issued
December 30, 1975 to Laughlin, et al. at Column 23, line 58 through Column 29, line
23. Suitable anionic surfactants may further be found in U.S. Pat. No. 5,415,814 issued
16 May 1995, to Ofosu-Asante et al..
[0049] Amphoteric surfactants - The amphoteric surfactants in the present invention are selected from amine oxide
surfactants. Amine oxides are semi-polar nonionic surfactants and include water-soluble
amine oxides containing one alkyl moiety of from 10 to 18 carbon atoms and 2 moieties
selected from the group consisting of alkyl groups and hydroxyalkyl groups containing
from 1 to 3 carbon atoms. Water-soluble phosphine oxides containing one alkyl moiety
of from 10 to 18 carbon atoms and 2 moieties selected from the group consisting of
alkyl groups and hydroxyalkyl groups containing from 1 to 3 carbon atoms; and water-soluble
sulfoxides containing one alkyl moiety of from 10 to 18 carbon atoms and a moiety
selected from the group consisting of alkyl and hydroxyalkyl moieties of from 1 to
3 carbon atoms may also be used.
[0050] Semi-polar nonionic detergent surfactants include the amine oxide surfactants having
the formula
wherein R
3 is an alkyl, hydroxyalkyl, or alkyl phenyl group or mixtures thereof containing from
8 to 22 carbon atoms; R
4 is an alkylene or hydroxyalkylene group containing from 2 to 3 carbon atoms or mixtures
thereof; x is from 0 to 3; and each R
5 is an alkyl or hydroxyalkyl group containing from 1 to 3 carbon atoms or a polyethylene
oxide group containing from 1 to 3 ethylene oxide groups. The R
5 groups can be attached to each other, e,g., through an oxygen or nitrogen atom, to
form a ring structure.
[0051] These amine oxide surfactants in particular include C
10-C
18 alkyl dimethyl amine oxides and C
8-C
12 alkoxy ethyl dihydroxy ethyl amine oxides.
[0052] Also suitable are amine oxides such as propyl amine oxides, represented by the formula:
wherein R
1 is an alkyl, 2-hydroxyalkyl, 3-hydroxyalkyl, or 3-alkoxy-2-hydroxypropyl radical
in which the alkyl and alkoxy, respectively, contain from 8 to 18 carbon atoms, R
2 and R
3 are each methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, 2-hydroxyethyl, 2-hydroxypropyl, or 3-hydroxypropyl
and n is from 0 to 10.
A further suitable species of amine oxide semi-polar surface active agents comprise
compounds and mixtures of compounds having the formula:
wherein R
1 is an alkyl, 2-hydroxyalkyl, 3-hydroxyalkyl, or 3-alkoxy-2-hydroxypropyl radical
in which the alkyl and alkoxy, respectively, contain from 8 to 18 carbon atoms, R
2 and R
3 are each methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, 2-hydroxyethyl, 2-hydroxypropyl, or 3-hydroxypropyl
and n is from 0 to 10. Particularly preferred are amine oxides of the formula:
wherein R
1 is a C
10-14 alkyl and R
2 and R
3 are methyl or ethyl. Because they are low-foaming it may also be desirable to use
long chain amine oxide surfactants which are more fully described in U.S. Pat. Nos.
4,316,824 (Pancheri), 5,075,501 and 5,071,594.
[0053] Other suitable, non-limiting examples of amphoteric detergent surfactants that are
useful in the present invention include amido propyl betaines and derivatives of aliphatic
or heterocyclic secondary and ternary amines in which the aliphatic moiety can be
straight chain or branched and wherein one of the aliphatic substituents contains
from 8 to 24 carbon atoms and at least one aliphatic substituent contains an anionic
water-solubilizing group.
[0054] Further examples of suitable amphoteric surfactants are given in "Surface Active
Agents and Detergents" (Vol. I and II by Schwartz, Perry and Berch), hereby incorporated
by reference.
[0055] Preferably the amphoteric sufactant is present in the composition in an effective
amount, more preferably from 0.1% to 20%, even more preferably 0.1% to 15%, even more
preferably still from 0.5% to 10%,by weight.
[0056] Secondary Surfactants - Secondary detersive surfactant can be selected from the group consisting of nonionics,
cationics, ampholytics, zwitterionics, and mixtures thereof. By selecting the type
and amount of detersive surfactant, along with other adjunct ingredients disclosed
herein, the present detergent compositions can be formulated to be used in the context
of laundry cleaning or in other different cleaning applications, particularly including
dishwashing. The particular surfactants used can therefore vary widely depending upon
the particular end-use envisioned. Suitable secondary surfactants are described in
detail in PCT Application WO 99/27058 of Chandrika Kasturi et al., entitled "Liquid
Detergent Compositions Comprising Polymeric Suds Enhancers".
Ratio of anionic to amphoteric to diamine
[0057] In the compositions of the present invention the ratio of the anionic surfactant:
amphoteric: diamine is from 100:40:1 to 9:0.5:1, by mole, preferably the ratio of
the anionic surfactant: amphoteric: diamine is from 27:8:1 to 11:3:1, by mole. It
has been found that detergent compositions containing anionic surfactant, amphoteric
surfactant and diamine in this specific ratio range provide improved low temperature
stability, deliver better grease removal and tough food cleaning benefits at pH less
than 12.5, and improved hard water cleaning.
[0058] In another aspect of the present invention the mole ratio of anionic surfactant to
diamine of greater than 9:1, preferably greater than 20:1, has been found to give
improved low temperature stability, deliver better grease removal and tough food cleaning
benefits and improved hard water cleaning.
OPTIONAL DETERGENT INGREDIENTS:
[0059] Polymeric Suds Stabilizer - The compositions of the present invention may optionally contain a polymeric suds
stabilizer. These polymeric suds stabilizers provide extended suds volume and suds
duration without sacrificing the grease cutting ability of the liquid detergent compositions.
These polymeric suds stabilizers are selected from:
i) homopolymers of (N,N-dialkylamino)alkyl acrylate esters having the formula:
wherein each R is independently hydrogen, C1-C8 alkyl, and mixtures thereof, R1 is hydrogen, C1-C6 alkyl, and mixtures thereof, n is from 2 to about 6; and
ii) copolymers of (i) and
wherein R
1 is hydrogen, C1-C6 alkyl, and mixtures thereof, provided that the ratio of (ii) to
(i) is from about 2 to 1 to about 1 to 2; The molecular weight of the polymeric suds
boosters, determined via conventional gel permeation chromatography, is from about
1,000 to about 2,000,000, preferably from about 5,000 to about 1,000,000, more preferably
from about 10,000 to about 750,000, more preferably from about 20,000 to about 500,000,
even more preferably from about 35,000 to about 200,000. The polymeric suds stabilizer
can optionally be present in the form of a salt, either an inorganic or organic salt,
for example the citrate, sulfate, acetate or nitrate salt of (N,N-dimethylamino)alkyl
acrylate ester.
[0060] One preferred polymeric suds stabilizer is (N,N-dimethylamino)alkyl acrylate esters,
namely
[0061] When present in the compositions, the polymeric suds booster may be present in the
composition from about 0.01% to about 15%, preferably from about 0.05% to about 10%,
more preferably from about 0.1% to about 5%, by weight.
Builder - The compositions according to the present invention may further comprise a builder
system. Because builders such as citric acid and citrates impair the stability of
enzymes in LDL compositions, it is desirable to include reduce the amounts or completely
remove the builder salts normally utilized in LDL compositions incorporating propylene
glycol as a builder. When a detergent composition includes propylene glycol solvent
as a part or a whole of the detergent's carrier, enzymes are more stable and smaller
amounts or no builder salts are needed.
[0062] If it is desirable to use a builder, then any conventional builder system is suitable
for use herein including aluminosilicate materials, silicates, polycarboxylates and
fatty acids, materials such as ethylene-diamine tetraacetate. Though less preferred
for obvious environmental reasons, phosphate builders can also be used herein.
[0063] Suitable polycarboxylates builders for use herein include citric acid, preferably
in the form of a water-soluble salt, derivatives of succinic acid of the formula R-CH(COOH)CH
2(COOH) wherein R is C
10-20 alkyl or alkenyl, preferably C
12-16, or wherein R can be substituted with hydroxyl, sulfo sulfoxyl or sulfone substituents.
Specific examples include lauryl succinate, myristyl succinate, palmityl succinate
2-dodecenylsuccinate, 2-tetradecenyl succinate. Succinate builders are preferably
used in the form of their water-soluble salts, including sodium, potassium, ammonium
and alkanolammonium salts.
[0064] Other suitable polycarboxylates are oxodisuccinates and mixtures of tartrate monosuccinic
and tartrate disuccinic acid such as described in US 4,663,071.
[0065] Especially for the liquid execution herein, suitable fatty acid builders for use
herein are saturated or unsaturated C
10-18 fatty acids, as well as the corresponding soaps. Preferred saturated species have
from 12 to 16 carbon atoms in the alkyl chain. The preferred unsaturated fatty acid
is oleic acid. Other preferred builder system for liquid compositions is based on
dodecenyl succinic acid and citric acid.
[0066] If detergency builder salts are included, they will be included in amounts of from
0.5 % to 50 % by weight of the composition preferably from 5% to 30% and most usually
from 5% to 25% by weight.
Enzymes - Detergent compositions of the present invention may further comprise one or more
enzymes which provide cleaning performance benefits. Said enzymes include enzymes
selected from cellulases, hemicellulases, peroxidases, proteases, gluco-amylases,
amylases, lipases, cutinases, pectinases, xylanases, reductases, oxidases, phenoloxidases,
lipoxygenases, ligninases, pullulanases, tannases, pentosanases, malanases, β-glucanases,
arabinosidases or mixtures thereof. A preferred combination is a detergent composition
having a cocktail of conventional applicable enzymes like protease, amylase, lipase,
cutinase and/or cellulase. Enzymes when present in the compositions, at from about
0.0001% to about 5% of active enzyme by weight of the detergent composition. Preferred
proteolytic enzymes, then, are selected from the group consisting of Alcalase ® (Novo
Industri A/S), BPN', Protease A and Protease B (Genencor), and mixtures thereof. Protease
B is most preferred. Preferred amylase enzymes include TERMAMYL®, DURAMYL® and the
amylase enzymes those described in WO 9418314 to Genencor International and WO 9402597
to Novo.
[0067] Further non-limiting examples of suitable and preferred enzymes are disclosed in
U.S. Patent No. 6,589,926: "Dishwashing Detergent Compositions Containing Organic
Diamines for Improved Grease Cleaning, Sudsing, Low temperature stability and Dissolution".
[0068] Because hydrogen peroxide and builders such as citric acid and citrates impair the
stability of enzymes in LDL compositions, it is desirable to reduce or eliminate the
levels of these compounds in compositions which contain enzymes. Hydrogen peroxide
is often found as an impurity in surfactants and surfactant pastes. As such, the preferred
level of hydrogen peroxide in the amine oxide or surfactant paste of amine oxide is
0-40 ppm, more preferably 0-15 ppm. Amine impurities in amine oxide and betaines,
if present, should be minimized to the levels referred above for hydrogen peroxide.
Magnesium ions
[0069] While it is preferred that divalent ions be omitted from LDL compositions prepared
according to the present invention, alternate embodiments of the present invention
may include magnesium ions.
[0070] It is desirable to exclude all divalent ions from the present LDL compositions, because
such ions may lead to slower dissolution as well as poor rinsing, and poor low temperature
stability properties. Moreover, formulating such divalent ion-containing compositions
in alkaline pH matrices may be difficult due to the incompatibility of the divalent
ions, particularly magnesium, with hydroxide ions.
[0071] Nonetheless, the presence of magnesium ions offers several benefits. Notably, the
inclusion of such divalent ions improves the cleaning of greasy soils for various
LDL compositions, in particular compositions containing alkyl ethoxy carboxylates
and/or polyhydroxy fatty acid amide. This is especially true when the compositions
are used in softened water that contains few divalent ions.
[0072] But in the present invention, these benefits can be obtained without the inclusion
of divalent ions. In particular, improved grease cleaning can be achieved without
divalent ions by the inclusion of organic diamines in combination with amphoteric
and anionic surfactants in the specific ratios discussed above while enzymes have
been shown to improve the skin mildness performance of the present LDL compositions.
[0073] If they are to be included in an alternate embodiment of the present LDL compositions,
then the magnesium ions are present at an active level of from about 0.01 % to 1 %,
preferably from about 0.015 % to 0.5 %, more preferably from about 0.025 % to 0.1
%, by weight. The amount of magnesium ions present in compositions of the invention
will be also dependent upon the amount of total surfactant present therein, including
the amount of alkyl ethoxy carboxylates and polyhydroxy fatty acid amide.
[0074] Preferably, the magnesium ions are added as a hydroxide, chloride, acetate, sulfate,
formate, oxide or nitrate salt to the compositions of the present invention. Because
during storage, the stability of these compositions becomes poor due to the formation
of hydroxide precipitates in the presence of compositions containing moderate concentrations
of hydroxide ions, it may be necessary to add certain chelating agents. Suitable chelating
agents are discussed further below and in U.S. Pat. No. 5,739,092, issued April 14,
1998, to Ofosu-asante.
[0075] Perfumes - Perfumes and perfumery ingredients useful in the present compositions and processes
comprise a wide variety of natural and synthetic chemical ingredients, including,
but not limited to, aldehydes, ketones, esters, and the like. Also included are various
natural extracts and essences which can comprise complex mixtures of ingredients,
such as orange oil, lemon oil, rose extract, lavender, musk, patchouli, balsamic essence,
sandalwood oil, pine oil, cedar, and the like. Finished perfumes can comprise extremely
complex mixtures of such ingredients. Finished perfumes typically comprise from about
0.01% to about 2%, by weight, of the detergent compositions herein, and individual
perfumery ingredients can comprise from about 0.0001% to about 90% of a finished perfume
composition.
[0076] Non-limiting examples of perfume ingredients useful herein can be found in U.S. Patent
No. 6,589,926: "Dishwashing Detergent Compositions Containing Organic Diamines for
Improved Grease Cleaning, Sudsing, Low temperature stability and Dissolution".
[0077] Chelating Agents - The detergent compositions herein may also optionally contain one or more iron
and/or manganese chelating agents. Such chelating agents can be selected from the
group consisting of amino carboxylates, amino phosphonates, polyfunctionally-substituted
aromatic chelating agents and mixtures therein, all as hereinafter defined. Without
intending to be bound by theory, it is believed that the benefit of these materials
is due in part to their exceptional ability to remove iron and manganese ions from
washing solutions by formation of soluble chelates.
[0078] Amino carboxylates useful as optional chelating agents include ethylenediaminetetracetates,
N-hydroxyethylethylenediaminetriacetates, nitrilo-tri-acetates, ethylenediamine tetraproprionates,
triethylenetetraaminehexacetates, diethylenetriaminepentaacetates, and ethanoldiglycines,
alkali metal, ammonium, and substituted ammonium salts therein and mixtures therein.
[0079] Amino phosphonates are also suitable for use as chelating agents in the compositions
of the invention when at lease low levels of total phosphorus are permitted in detergent
compositions, and include ethylenediaminetetrakis (methylenephosphonates) as DEQUEST.
Preferred, these amino phosphonates to not contain alkyl or alkenyl groups with more
than about 6 carbon atoms.
[0080] Polyfunctionally-substituted aromatic chelating agents are also useful in the compositions
herein. See U.S. Patent 3,812,044, issued May 21, 1974, to Connor et al. Preferred
compounds of this type in acid form are dihydroxydisulfobenzenes such as 1,2-dihydroxy-3,5-disulfobenzene.
[0081] A preferred biodegradable chelator for use herein is ethylenediamine disuccinate
("EDDS"), especially the [S,S] isomer as described in U.S. Patent 4,704,233, November
3, 1987, to Hartman and Perkins.
[0082] The compositions herein may also contain water-soluble methyl glycine diacetic acid
(MGDA) salts (or acid form) as a chelant or co-builder. Similarly, the so called "weak"
builders such as citrate can also be used as chelating agents.
[0083] If utilized, these chelating agents will generally comprise from about 0.1% to about
15% by weight of the detergent compositions herein. More preferably, if utilized,
the chelating agents will comprise from about 0.1% to about 3.0% by weight of such
compositions.
Composition pH
[0084] The pH of the present compositions (as measured as 10% aqueous solution) are less
than 12.5, preferably less than 10.5. Because dishwashing compositions of the present
invention will be subjected to acidic stresses created by food soils when put to use,
i.e., diluted and applied to soiled dishes, if a composition with a pH greater than
7 is to be more effective, it preferably should contain a buffering agent capable
of providing a generally more alkaline pH in the composition and in dilute solutions.
Dishwashing compositions of the present invention will thus contain from about 0.1%
to 15%, preferably from about 1% to 10%, most preferably from about 2% to 8%, by weight,
of a buffering agent. The pKa value of this buffering agent should be about 0.5 to
1.0 pH units below the desired pH value of the composition (determined as described
above Preferably, the pKa of the buffering agent should be from about 7 to about 12.
Under these conditions the buffering agent most effectively controls the pH while
using the least amount thereof.
[0085] Preferred inorganic buffers/alkalinity sources include the alkali metal carbonates,
alkali metal hydroxides and alkali metal phosphates, e.g., sodium carbonate, sodium
hydroxide, sodium polyphosphate.
[0086] The optional buffering agent (which is used in compositions with a pH of greater
than 7) may be an active detergent in its own right, or it may be a low molecular
weight, organic or inorganic material that is used in this composition solely for
maintaining an alkaline pH. Preferred buffering agents for compositions of this invention
are nitrogen-containing materials. Some examples are amino acids such as lysine or
lower alcohol amines like mono-, di-, and triethanolamine. The diamines, described
in detail above, also act as buffering agents and are preferred buffering agents.
Preferred buffering system for use in the present detergent compositions include a
combination of 0.5 % diamine and 2.5 % citrate and a combination of 0.5 % diamine,
0.75 % potassium carbonate and 1.75 % sodium carbonate. Other preferred nitrogen-containing
buffering agents are Tri(hydroxymethyl)amino methane (HOCH2)3CNH3 (TRIS), 2-amino-2-ethyl-1,3-propanediol,
2-amino-2-methyl-propanol, 2-amino-2-methyl-1,3-propanol, disodium glutamate, N-methyl
diethanolamide, 1,3-diamino-propanol N,N'-tetra-methyl-1,3-diamino-2-propanol, N,N-bis(2-hydroxyethyl)glycine
(bicine) and N-tris (hydroxymethyl)methyl glycine (tricine). Mixtures of any of the
above are also acceptable. For additional buffers see McCutcheon's EMULSIFIERS AND
DETERGENTS, North American Edition, 1997, McCutcheon Division, MC Publishing Company
Kirk and WO 95/07971.
[0087] Other Ingredients - The detergent compositions will further preferably comprise one or more detersive
adjuncts selected from the following: soil release polymers, polymeric dispersants,
polysaccharides, abrasives, bactericides and other antimicrobials, tarnish inhibitors,
builders, enzymes, dyes, buffers, antifungal or mildew control agents, insect repellents,
perfumes, hydrotropes, thickeners, processing aids, suds boosters, brighteners, anti-corrosive
aids, stabilizers antioxidants and chelants. A wide variety of other ingredients useful
in detergent compositions can be included in the compositions herein, including other
active ingredients, carriers, hydrotropes, antioxidants, processing aids, dyes or
pigments, solvents for liquid formulations, solid fillers for bar compositions, etc.
If high sudsing is desired, suds boosters such as the C
10-C
16 alkanolamides can be incorporated into the compositions, typically at 1%-10% levels.
The C
10-C
14 monoethanol and diethanol amides illustrate a typical class of such suds boosters.
Use of such suds boosters with high sudsing adjunct surfactants such as the amine
oxides, betaines and sultaines noted above is also advantageous.
[0088] An antioxidant can be optionally added to the detergent compositions of the present
invention. They can be any conventional antioxidant used in detergent compositions,
such as 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol (BHT), carbamate, ascorbate, thiosulfate,
monoethanolamine(MEA), diethanolamine, triethanolamine. It is preferred that the antioxidant,
when present, be present in the composition from about 0.001% to about 5% by weight.
[0089] Various detersive ingredients employed in the present compositions optionally can
be further stabilized by absorbing said ingredients onto a porous hydrophobic substrate,
then coating said substrate with a hydrophobic coating. Preferably, the detersive
ingredient is admixed with a surfactant before being absorbed into the porous substrate.
In use, the detersive ingredient is released from the substrate into the aqueous washing
liquor, where it performs its intended detersive function.
[0090] To illustrate this technique in more detail, a porous hydrophobic silica (trademark
SIPERNAT D10, DeGussa) is admixed with a proteolytic enzyme solution containing 3%-5%
of C
13-15 ethoxylated alcohol (EO 7) nonionic surfactant. Typically, the enzyme/surfactant
solution is 2.5 X the weight of silica. The resulting powder is dispersed with stirring
in silicone oil (various silicone oil viscosities in the range of 500-12,500 can be
used). The resulting silicone oil dispersion is emulsified or otherwise added to the
final detergent matrix. By this means, ingredients such as the aforementioned enzymes,
bleaches, bleach activators, bleach catalysts, photoactivators, dyes, fluorescers,
fabric conditioners and hydrolyzable surfactants can be "protected" for use in detergents,
including liquid laundry detergent compositions.
[0091] Further, these hand dishwashing detergent embodiments preferably further comprises
a hydrotrope. Suitable hydrotropes include sodium, potassium, ammonium or water-soluble
substituted ammonium salts of toluene sulfonic acid, naphthalene sulfonic acid, cumene
sulfonic acid, xylene sulfonic acid.
Non-Aqueous Liquid Detergents
[0092] The manufacture of liquid detergent compositions which comprise a non-aqueous carrier
medium can be prepared according to the disclosures of U.S. Patents 4,753,570; 4,767,558;
4,772,413; 4,889,652; 4,892,673; GB-A-2,158,838; GB-A-2,195,125; GB-A-2,195,649; U.S.
4,988,462; U.S. 5,266,233; EP-A-225,654 (6/16/87); EP-A-510,762 (10/28/92); EP-A-540,089
(5/5/93); EP-A-540,090 (5/5/93); U.S. 4,615,820; EP-A-565,017 (10/13/93); EP-A-030,096
(6/10/81). Such compositions can contain various particulate detersive ingredients
stably suspended therein. Such non-aqueous compositions thus comprise a LIQUID PHASE
and, optionally but preferably, a SOLID PHASE, all as described in more detail hereinafter
and in the cited references.
[0093] The compositions of this invention can be used to form aqueous washing solutions
for use hand dishwashing. Generally, an effective amount of such compositions is added
to water to form such aqueous cleaning or soaking solutions. The aqueous solution
so formed is then contacted with the dishware, tableware, and cooking utensils.
[0094] An effective amount of the detergent compositions herein added to water to form aqueous
cleaning solutions can comprise amounts sufficient to form from about 500 to 20,000
ppm of composition in aqueous solution. More preferably, from about 800 to 5,000 ppm
of the detergent compositions herein will be provided in aqueous cleaning liquor.
[0095] The following examples are illustrative of the present invention, but are not meant
to limit or otherwise define its scope. All parts, percentages and ratios used herein
are expressed as percent weight unless otherwise specified.
EXAMPLES
Table I
[0096] Light Duty Liquid dishwashing detergents are as follows. Composition II contains
a phosphonate and is prepared according to the present invention. Composition I is
identical except that it contains no phosphonate.
|
Example I |
Example II |
AE0.6S1 |
26.00 |
26.00 |
Amine oxide2 |
6.50 |
6.50 |
Sodium Cumene Sulfonate |
2.0 |
2.0 |
Suds Boosting Polymer3 |
0.2 |
0.2 |
Nonionic4 |
3.00 |
3.00 |
Diamine5 |
0.50 |
0.50 |
Fe3+ |
1-10 ppm |
1-10 ppm |
Phosphonate6 |
--- |
0.009 |
Bicarbonate |
0.1 |
0.1 |
polypropylene glycol, MW=2700 |
1.5 |
1.5 |
Ethanol |
6.0 |
6.0 |
Perfume |
0.01 -0.06 |
0.01 -0.06 |
Water and Misc. |
BAL. |
BAL. |
Viscosity (cps @ 70F) |
330 |
330 |
pH @ 10% |
9.0 |
9.0 |
1: C12-13 alkyl ethoxy sulfonate containing an average of 0.6 ethoxy groups. |
2: C12-C14 Amine oxide. |
3: Polymer is (N,N-dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate homopolymer |
4: Nonionic may be either C10 Alkyl ethoxylated surfactant containing 8 ethoxy groups
or C10 Alkyl ethoxylated surfactant containing 8 ethoxy groups. |
5: 1,3 bis(methylamine)-cyclohexane |
6: diethylenetriaminepenta (methylenephosphonic acid) |
[0097] The perceived visual color and analytically-measured color of each of the above compositions
was measured in a color-stability test to evaluate the relative color-stability of
compositions I and II.
[0098] Color may be measured analytically by a Hunter Color measurement test where the color
of a solution is determined by reflecting spectrometry. For the purposes of the present
test, only the Hunter "b-value" is indicated.
TEST RESULTS:
[0099]
% BY WEIGHT PHOSPHONATE |
|
I
nil |
II
0.009 |
Visual appearance (color): |
|
|
Initial |
Straw |
Straw |
After aging at 50°C for 10 days |
Orange |
Straw |
Hunter b-value: |
|
|
Initial |
5.90 |
5.90 |
After aging at 50°C for 10 days |
12.67 |
7.56 |
|
Change in b-value after aging at 50°C for 10 days |
6.77 |
1.66 |
[0100] The change in the Hunter b-value after aging for compositions which contain phosphonates
was significantly less than for compositions which did not contain phosphonates indicating
that compositions containing phosphonates had greater color-stability than compositions
without phosphonates. This result is confirmed by the visual appearance of the products
before and after aging.