FIELD OF THE INVENTION
[0001] This invention relates to oil compositions that are useful as quenching oils used
in heat treating of metals, particularly ferrous metals such as steel.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
[0002] Desired hardness and strength properties of metals, particularly ferrous metals and
especially metal alloys such as carbon steel and alloy steel, are secured by heat
treatment of the metal object. The properties usually depend upon establishment of
certain physical structures in the metal. The production of the desired physical structures
is obtained by heating the metal to a temperature where the structure is present,
then by arresting at the desired point the changes in the internal structure which
take place during cooling of the metal from high temperatures. Quick cooling by quenching
the heated object in a quenching medium makes it possible to arrest the physical changes
at the desired point during cooling.
[0003] Quenching in the quenching medium is carried out in such a manner that the physical
changes in the metal are arrested at the desired point, usually at the point at which
maximum hardness is obtained. Subsequently, the heat treated and quenched object may
be subjected to treatment at lower temperature (annealing or tempering) to provide
the desired degree of toughness and ductility.
[0004] For many years mineral oil based quenching fluids have been used. Previously, aqueous
quenching media were employed. The aqueous fluids provided extremely rapid cooling
setting up excessive amounts of internal stress in the object. Mineral oil based fluids
avoided this difficulty, but often did not provide a sufficiently high cooling rate
to secure desirable properties in pieces formed of materials having high critical
cooling rates to develop maximum strength and hardness or to quench pieces of high
mass to surface ratios to develop hardness and strength to maximum depth.
[0005] It is also desirable to provide quench oils that possess sufficient durability, cleanliness
and consistency. Durability refers to additive lifetime after being exposed to thermal
stressing while consistency relates to constant additive performance over time. Cleanliness
is measured using a coker test.
[0006] A detailed description of heat treating of steel appears at pages 961 et seq of the
Metals Handbook, Desk Edition, Second Edition, J.R. Davis, Ed., ASM International, Metals Park, OH,
USA (1998). A discussion of quenching appears at pages 973-975 of that text.
[0007] U.S. Patent 2,340,724 relates to quenching oils comprising a light mineral quenching
oil and an oil-soluble, heat stable, high molecular weight iso-olefin polymerization
product in a controlled amount adequate to produce a quenching oil composition having
an initial 5-second quenching speed of at least 22.0 percent without substantially
modifying the stress-reducing characteristics of the oil. Polymers of molecular weigh
1,000 to 10,000, and particularly, isobutylene polymerization product, are said to
be particularly advantageous.
[0008] U.S. Patent 3,489,619 relates to oil compositions described as having good high temperature
stability and useful as a heat transfer oil for the quenching of metals. The oil comprises
a major proportion of a hydrocarbon lubricating oil into which has been dispersed
a minor proportion of an alkali metal phosphate, silicate or borate with the aid of
a minor proportion of a high molecular weight monocarboxylic acid, dicarboxylic acid
or dicarboxylic acid anhydride.
[0009] U.S. Patent 3,567,640 describes a quenching oil composition comprised of a major
portion of a petroleum oil having a viscosity within the range of about 40 to about
300 SUS at 100°F and a flash point in excess of 250°F and about 2% to about 15% by
weight of a quench oil additive, which is an oil soluble petroleum resin produced
from distillates of cracked petroleum stock having a melting point of at least 40°C
and an aniline point value of less than 50°C.
[0010] U.S. Patent 3,855,014 describes an improved quenching oil composition comprising
a major amount of a quench oil of lubricating viscosity; a minor amount of at least
one carbon-linked poly-phenate metal compound sufficient to improve the anti-staining
properties of the composition and at least one naphthyl amine sufficient to improve
the resistance to oxidation of the composition. The composition may also include a
minor amount of at least one of certain diamine components said to provide further
improved oxidation resistance.
[0011] U.S. Patent 5,015,404 describes an oil composition containing 100 parts by weight
of a base oil selected from the group consisting of mineral base oil, synthetic base
oil and mixtures thereof, and 0.1 to 20 parts by weight of a hydrogenated oil obtained
by hydrogenating an oil selected from the group consisting of coal type tar, oil produced
by fractionating coal type tar, a hydrocarbon obtained by thermally cracking petroleum
and having a boiling point of not lower than 200°C, a hydrocarbon obtained by catalytically
cracking petroleum and having a boiling point of not lower than 200°C, a hydrocarbon
obtained by catalytically reforming petroleum and having a boiling point of not lower
than 200°C, and mixtures thereof, whereby the hydrogenated oil has the hydrogen-donating
properties of not lower than three times the hydrogen-donating properties of the base
oil at temperatures of not lower than 350°C.
[0012] U.S. Patent 5,250,122 discloses a heat treating oil composition which comprises (A)
at least one base oil selected from a mineral oil and a synthetic oil each having
a sulfur content of not more than 300 ppm and (B) at least one member selected from
alkaline earth metal salts of salicylic acid. There is also disclosed a heat treating
oil composition which comprises (I) a base oil having a sulfur content of 3 to 1000
ppm consisting of said (A) component and (C) at lease one member selected from a sulfur
and a sulfur compound, along with (II) various additives for quenching. This heat
treating oil composition is said to be suitable for quenching under the condition
of a high oil temperature and capable of obtaining a treated metal excellent in brightness
and having a minimized distortion.
[0013] U.S. Patent 5,376,186 describes a heat treating oil composition which comprises a
base oil adjusted to have a total sulfur content of 3 to 1000 ppm comprising (A) at
least one base oil selected from a mineral oil and a synthetic oil each having a sulfur
content of not more than 300 ppm and (C) at least one member selected from a sulfur
and a sulfur compound, and (B) at least one additive selected from an alkaline earth
metal salt of sulfonic acid, that of a phenol, alkenyl succinic acid derivatives,
fatty acid or its derivatives and phenol-based and amine-based antioxidants. The above-mentioned
heat treating oil composition is said to be suitable for quenching under a condition
of a high oil temperature to realize a treated metal product having a excellent brightness
and little distortion.
[0014] U.S. Patent 5,487,796 relates to a method of quenching metals, in particular steel
alloys includes treatment of the article being quenched in a boiling aqueous solution
of sodium tetraborate, with gas being additionally introduced into the quench bath.
The supply of gas enables a continuous operation in a wide range of application and
avoids the use of conventional less environmentally friendly quenching media (oils).
[0015] U.S. Patent 5,879,743 describes a wear-resistant hardfacing and a method for applying
such a hardfacing. A finely powdered, wear-resistant alloy and a polyvinyl alcohol
(PVA) solution slurry is coated onto the metal surface of a tool, implement, or similar
item to be hardfaced. Alternatively, a binding coating of PVA solution may be applied
to the metal surface followed by application of a layer of a powdered alloy. After
the slurry or PVA binding coating has dried, leaving a dry coat of alloy in a PVA
matrix, the metal surface is heated to the fusion temperature of the alloy in vacuum,
in an inert gas atmosphere, or in hydrogen atmosphere. The metal item with the fused
coating is heat treated to impart desired mechanical properties to the part substrate
material. The method of the present invention gives a smooth, dense coating of the
wear-resistant hardfacing without nonmetallic inclusions.
[0016] U.S. Patent 6,239,082 describes petroleum quench oils described as effective for
high speed cooling of heated metals and metal hardening. The petroleum quench oils
contain natural or synthetic base oils having a minimum flash point of about 120°C
and a combination of poly(iso)alkylene and poly(iso)alkylene succinic anhydride or
succinic acid. A method for cooling heated metal to harden it, improve the metallurgical
consistency, improve machinability and reduce residue on quenched metal parts is also
disclosed comprising quenching the heated metal part in a quench oil containing natural
or synthetic base oils having a minimum flash point of about 120°C and a combination
of poly(iso)alkylene and poly(iso)alkylene succinic anhydride or succinic acid.
[0017] The quench oils of the instant invention afford durability, consistency and suitable
quenching characteristics. Suitable quenching characteristics include a high maximum
cooling rate and a high maximum cooling rate temperature signifying collapse of the
vapor barrier between the workpiece and the quenching oil, and a lower cooling rate
(6-8°C) after the workpiece has reached 300°C to prevent thermal distortion/cracking.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
[0018] The instant invention is directed to a quenching oil composition comprising
(1) an oil having kinematic viscosity (ASTM Test Method D-445) at 40°C ranging from
about 4 to about 45 mm2sec-1 (about 40 to about 210 Saybolt Universal Seconds (SUS)) and having a saturated content
from about 80% to about 100%;
(2) an aliphatic polyolefin having
n ranging from about 300 to about 10,000; and
(3) at least one member selected from members of the groups consisting of
(a) a metal salt of hydrocarbyl substituted phenols, salicylic acids, carboxylic acids,
and sulfonic acids and alkaline earth metal salts of hydrocarbyl substituted saligenin
derivatives; and optionally, at least one member selected from members of the groups
consisting of
(b) hydrocarbyl substituted succinic esters, amides, ester-amides, imides, amine salts,
acid-esters, acid-amides ester-amine salts, amide-amine-salts and acid-amine salts.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
[0019] As used herein, the terms "hydrocarbyl" or "hydrocarbon based" mean that the group
being described has predominantly hydrocarbon character within the context of this
invention. These include groups that are purely hydrocarbon in nature, that is, they
contain only carbon and hydrogen. They may also include groups containing substituents
or atoms which do not alter the predominantly hydrocarbon character of the group.
Such substituents may include halo-, alkoxy-, nitro-, hydroxyl, etc. These groups
also may contain heteroatoms. Suitable heteroatoms will be apparent to those skilled
in the art and include, for example, sulfur, nitrogen and oxygen. Therefore, while
remaining predominantly hydrocarbon in character within the context of this invention,
these groups may contain atoms other than carbon present in a chain or ring otherwise
composed of carbon atoms.
[0020] In general, no more than about three non-hydrocarbon substituents or heteroatoms,
and preferably no more than one, will be present for every 10 carbon atoms in the
hydrocarbon or hydrocarbon based groups. Most preferably, the groups are purely hydrocarbon
in nature, that is, they are essentially free of atoms other than carbon and hydrogen.
[0021] It must be noted that as used in this specification and in the appended claims, the
singular forms also include the plural unless the context clearly dictates otherwise.
Thus the singular forms "a", "an", and "the" include the plural; for example "an amine"
includes mixtures of amines of the same type. As another example the singular form
"amine" is intended to include both singular and plural unless the context clearly
indicates otherwise.
The Oil
[0022] The quenching oil compositions of this invention comprise at least one oil having
kinematic viscosity (ASTM Test Method D-445) at 40°C ranging from about 4 to about
45 mm
2sec
-1 (40 to about 210 SUS) and having a saturated content from about 80% to about 100%.
Both mineral oils and synthetic oils are useful. Mixtures of these oils are useful.
In one preferred embodiment, the oil is a paraffinic mineral oil, particularly a solvent
refined paraffinic oil. In another preferred embodiment, the oil is a hydrotreated
mineral oil having kinematic viscosity of about 60 to about 90 SUS. In yet another
preferred embodiment, the oil is a poly-alphaolefin oligomer, preferably a polyoctene
or polydecene oligomer.
[0023] Examples of useful oils include Excel/Paralube 70N, Excel/Paralube 75HC, (both from
Pennzoil/Conoco) and Ergon® Hygold P70N.
The Polyolefin
[0024] The quenching oil compositions of this invention contain (2) a polyolefin having
n ranging from about 300 to about 10,000, preferably from about 500 to about 5,000
and more often from about 1,000 to about 3,000 and often ranging from about 1,500
to about 3,000.
[0025] In one preferred embodiment, the polyolefin is an aliphatic polyolefin derived from
at least one alpha olefin containing from 3 to about 8 carbon atoms. Polyolefins derived
from more than one olefin, for example ethylene-propylene copolymers, are useful.
Polypropylene and polybutenes, especially polyisobutylene, are preferred. Polyisobutylene
is particularly preferred.
[0026] In another preferred embodiment, the polyolefin is an olefin-polyene, preferably
diene, especially preferred non-conjugated diene, copolymer, derived from at least
one olefin, preferably an alpha olefin containing from about 3 to about 8 carbon atoms
and the ratio of total number of moles of olefin to moles of polyene ranges from about
100:1 to about 1:1, preferably 25:1 to 1:2 and most preferably, 15:1 to 1:1. In a
preferred embodiment, the olefin is isobutylene. Useful polymers of this type are
commercially available, for example from BASF and BP Chemicals.
[0027] In one embodiment, the polyolefin is an olefin-diene copolymer comprising from about
0.5 to about 5 moles of units derived from diene per mole of copolymer based on
n of copolymer. In another embodiment, the polyolefin is an olefin-polyene copolymer,
wherein the olefin contains from 3 to about 8 carbon atoms and weight ratio of olefin
to polyene ranges from about 250:1 to about 1:4, preferably 25:1 to 1:2 and most preferably
15:1 to 1:1. In each of these embodiments, the olefin comprises isobutylene. Examples
of olefin-diene copolymers include butyl rubbers (isobutylene-isoprene) and commercially
available ethylene-propylene-diene terpolymers sold by Uniroyal Chemicals under the
tradename TRILENE®.
The Metal Salt
[0028] The quenching oil compositions of this invention contain at least one member selected
from the group consisting of a metal salt of hydrocarbyl substituted phenols, salicylic
acids, carboxylic acids, and sulfonic acids and alkaline earth metal salts of hydrocarbyl
substituted saligenin derivatives. The metal salts may be acidic, neutral or basic,
often referred to as 'overbased'.
[0029] The relative amount of metal present in "basic salts" is frequently indicated by
the expression "metal ratio" (abbreviated MR), which is defined as the number of equivalents
of metal present compared to a "normal", stoichiometric amount. Thus, for example,
a basic salt containing twice the amount of metal compared to the stoichiometric amount,
has a metal ratio (MR) of 2. For the purposes of this invention, the metal ratio of
metal salts of phenols and salicylic acids ranges from about 0.5 to about 5, preferably
from about 0.5 to about 2 and the metal ratio of metal salts of sulfonic acids ranges
from about 1 to about 20, preferably from about 1 to about 3.
[0030] The basicity of the metal salts used in the present invention generally is expressed
in terms of a total base number TBN). TBN is the amount of acid (perchloric or hydrochloric)
needed to neutralize all of the metal salt's basicity. The amount of acid is expressed
as potassium hydroxide equivalents. Total base number is determined by the procedure
described in ASTM D-2896. Typically, the metal salt has TBN ranging from about 45
to about 900, preferably from about 100 to about 800.
[0031] Metal salts and techniques for preparing them are well known to those skilled in
the art. Neutral and acidic salts are generally prepared by contacting the acidic
reactant with a metal reactant to form the salt. Overbased materials are prepared
by reacting an acidic material (typically an inorganic acid or lower carboxylic acid,
preferably carbon dioxide) with a mixture comprising an acidic organic compound, a
reaction medium comprising at least one inert, organic solvent for said acidic organic
material, a stoichiometric excess of a metal base, and a promoter.
[0032] The acidic organic compounds useful in making the metal salts of the present invention
include carboxylic acids, sulfonic acids, phenols and hydrocarbyl substituted saligenin
derivatives or mixtures of two or more thereof.
[0033] Salicylic acids are considered as both phenols and carboxylic acids. Salicylic acids
can be aliphatic hydrocarbon-substituted salicylic acids wherein each aliphatic hydrocarbon
substituent contains an average of at least about 8 carbon atoms per substituent.
[0034] Sulfonic acids useful in the invention include the sulfonic and thiosulfonic acids.
The sulfonic acids include the mono- or polynuclear aromatic or cycloaliphatic compounds.
Illustrative examples of sulfonic acids include hydrocarbyl substituted naphthalene
sulfonic acids, hydrocarbyl substituted benzene sulfonic acids, petroleum sulfonic
acid and the like.
[0035] Phenols useful in making the metal salts used in this the invention can be represented
by the formula (R
1)
a-Ar-(OH)
b, wherein R
1 is a hydrocarbon group; Ar is an aromatic group; a and b are independently numbers
of at least one, the sum of a and b being in the range of two up to the number of
displaceable hydrogens on the aromatic nucleus or nuclei of Ar.
[0036] While the term "phenol" is used herein, it is to be understood that this term refers
to both mononuclear and polynuclear aromatic compounds. Polynuclear groups can be
of the fused type wherein an aromatic nucleus is fused at two points to another nucleus
or of the linked type wherein at least two nuclei (either mononuclear or polynuclear)
are linked through bridging linkages to each other.
[0037] Saligenin, also known as salicyl alcohol and o-hydroxybenzyl alcohol and derivatives
thereof are useful for preparing metal salts used in this invention.
[0038] The alkaline earth metal salts of saligenin derivatives of the present invention
can be represented by the formula
where M is a valence of an alkaline earth metal, and the identity, description, and
amounts of other symbols are as set forth hereinbelow.
[0039] The subscript "m" can be 0 to 10. This means that the number of rings can be 1 to
11, although it is to be understood that the upper limit of "m" is not a critical
variable. Preferably, m is 2 to 9, more preferably 3 to 6.
[0040] At least one ring, and preferably most of the rings contain at least one R
1 substituent, which is a hydrocarbyl group, preferably an alkyl group, containing
1 to 60 carbon atoms, more preferably 7 to 18 carbon atoms. The R
1 groups will normally comprise a mixture of various chain lengths, so that the foregoing
numbers usually represent an average number of carbon atoms in the R
1 groups (number average). Each ring in the structure will be substituted with 0, 1,
2, or 3 such R
1 groups (that is, each p is independently 0, 1, 2, or 3, most typically 1, and different
rings in a given molecule may contain different numbers of such substituents. At least
one aromatic ring in the molecule must contain at least one R
1 group, and the total number of carbon atoms in all the R
1 groups in the molecule should be at least 7, preferably at least 12.
[0041] In the above structure the X and Y groups may be seen as groups derived from formaldehyde
or a formaldehyde source, by condensative reaction with the aromatic molecule. While
various species of X and Y may be present in the molecules in question, the commonest
species comprising X are CHO (aldehyde functionality) and CH
2OH (hydroxymethyl functionality); similarly the commonest species comprising Y are
CH
2 (methylene bridge) and CH
2OCH
2 (ether bridge). The relative molar amounts of these species in a sample of the above
material can be determined by
1H/
13C NMR as each carbon and hydrogen nucleus has a distinctive environment and produces
a distinctive signal.
[0042] Alkaline earth metal salts of hydrocarbyl substituted saligenin derivatives are described
in detail in U.S. Patent 6,310,009 which is hereby incorporated herein by reference.
[0043] The metal compounds useful in making the metal salts are generally any Group 1 or
Group 2 metal compounds (CAS version of the Periodic Table of the Elements), including
alkali metals (sodium, potassium, lithium, etc.) and Group 1b metals such as copper.
Group 2 metals of the metal base include the Group 2a alkaline earth metals (magnesium,
calcium, barium, etc.) as well as the Group 2b metals such as zinc or cadmium
[0044] An acidic material is used to accomplish the formation of the basic metal salt. A
promoter is a chemical employed to facilitate the incorporation of metal into the
basic metal compositions. A particularly comprehensive discussion of suitable promoters
is found in U.S. Patents 2,777,874, 2,695,910, and 2,616,904.
[0045] As noted hereinabove, the metal of the metal salt comprises at least one of Group
1 and Group 2 metal, preferably, an alkali and/or an alkaline earth metal. In one
preferred embodiment, the metal salt is an alkaline earth metal salt.
[0046] In one preferred embodiment, the metal salt comprises a metal salt of sulfur or methylene
coupled hydrocarbyl substituted phenols or salicylic acids. In one preferred embodiment,
the composition comprises a metal salt of a hydrocarbyl substituted phenol. In another
preferred embodiment, the composition comprises a metal salt of a Mg or Ca methylene
coupled C
7-15 aliphatic group substituted phenate. In yet another preferred embodiment the composition
comprises an alkaline earth metal salt of hydrocarbyl substituted saligenin derivatives.
[0047] In one preferred embodiment, the composition comprises a metal salt of a hydrocarbyl
substituted salicylic acid. In another embodiment, the composition comprises a metal
salt of a hydrocarbyl substituted sulfonic acid. In yet another embodiment, the composition
comprises a metal salt of a hydrocarbyl substituted carboxylic acid.
[0048] Mixtures of two or more of these metal salts may be used.
Hydrocarbyl Substituted Succinic Derivatives
[0049] The quenching oil compositions of this invention may, in an optional embodiment,
also contain hydrocarbyl substituted succinic derivatives selected from the group
consisting of esters, amides, ester-amides, imides, amine salts, acid-esters, acid-amides
ester-amine salts, amide-amine-salts and acid-amine salts. The hydrocarbyl substituent
typically has
n ranging from about 500 to about 5000, preferably from about 900 to about 2500.
[0050] These succinic derivatives are well known to those skilled in the art.
[0051] The quenching oil compositions of this invention typically comprise from about 0.2%
to about 10%, preferably to about 5% by weight of the aliphatic polyolefin (2), and
a total of from 0.2% to about 10% by weight of a metal salt of hydrocarbyl substituted
phenols, salicylic acids and sulfonic acids and alkaline earth metal salts of hydrocarbyl
substituted saligenin derivatives, and optionally at least one of hydrocarbyl substituted
succinic esters, amides, ester-amides, imides, amine salts, acid-esters, acid-amides,
ester-amine salts, amide-amine salts and acid-amine salts, provided that the composition
comprises at least one of a metal salt and a succinic derivative. When used, the succinic
derivatives are present in amounts ranging from about 0.1% to about 5% by weight.
[0052] In one preferred embodiment, the composition comprises from about 0.2% to about 5%
by weight of the aliphatic polyolefin (2), and (3)(a) from about 0.2% to about 5%
by weight of at least one metal salt wherein the weight ratio of (2):(3)(a) ranges
from about 10: 1 to about 1: 10.
[0053] In another preferred embodiment, the composition comprises from about 0.2% to about
5% by weight of the aliphatic polyolefin (2), a total of from about 0.2% to about
4% by weight of (3)(a) at least one metal salt; and a total of from about 0.1 % to
about 4% by weight of at least one hydrocarbyl substituted succinic derivative selected
from the group consisting of amides, imides, amine salts, acid-amides and acid-amine
salts wherein the weight ratio of polyolefin : metal salt : succinic derivative ranges
from about (20-40) : (40-70) : (10-20).
[0054] This invention also relates to a method of heat treating metals comprising heating
the metal to a temperature above its critical temperature and thereafter cooling the
metal by immersion thereof into a quenching oil bath comprising the quenching oil
composition of this invention.
[0055] The additive components may be incorporated into the base oil as individual components,
added thereto in any order. Alternatively, and preferably, the additive components
are added to the base oil as a concentrate which comprises the desired additives in
appropriate ratios which, when incorporated into the base oil, provide a finished
quenching oil composition containing the desired amount of each additive.
[0056] The following examples illustrate additive concentrates uses to prepare quenching
oil compositions of this invention. All parts are parts by weight and unless indicated
otherwise, are on a neat chemical, i.e., oil and diluent free, basis.
TABLE 1
Example # |
1 |
2 |
3 |
4 |
5 |
6 |
7 |
8 |
9 |
Parts by Weight |
Polyisobutylene (
n ~ 1700) |
25 |
25 |
25 |
25 |
30 |
30 |
30 |
30 |
30 |
Ca (MR 0.85) Me C12- Phenol (55% oil) |
|
|
|
|
|
50 |
|
60 |
|
Mg (MR<1) Me C12- Saligenin (50% oil) |
|
50 |
50 |
50 |
55 |
|
50 |
|
60 |
Ca (MR 0.8) Me C7- Phenol (69% oil) |
50 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Polyisobutenyl (
n~ 1700) Succinimide (55% oil) |
25 |
25 |
15 |
15 |
|
10 |
10 |
|
|
Ca (MR 1.4) Petroleum Sulfonate (57% oil) |
|
|
10 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Ca (MR 2.4) Petroleum Sulfonate (53% oil) |
|
|
|
10 |
15 |
10 |
10 |
10 |
10 |
Me : methylene coupled |
[0057] The following examples illustrate compositions of this invention:
[0058] A series of quenching oil compositions is prepared, each member of the series containing
2% by weight of one of additive concentrates 1-5 in Pennzoil/Conoco Excel Paralube
75-HC (75N) oil. A second series is prepared, each member of the series containing
4% by weight of one of additive concentrates 1-2 and 4-5 in the same oil. A third
series is prepared, each member containing 6% by weight of additive concentrates 1-2,
and 4-5 in the same oil.
[0059] Two additional series of quenching oil compositions are prepared, each member of
the first series containing 2% by weight of one of additive concentrates 6-9 and each
member of the second series containing 4% by weight of one of additive concentrates
6-9 in Ergon Hygold P70N oil.
[0060] A portion of each of these oils as well as commercial quench oils is heat stressed
by heating at 170°C for 22 hours while aerating at 10 liters per hour and tested with
respect to the non-stressed quench oil samples.
[0061] Each sample is subjected to a one-minute quench test and a 3 hour panel coker test.
The quench test quantifies the cooling characteristics of the quench oil sample and
the panel coker test measures the tendency of the quench oil sample to stain and/or
form deposits on hot metal surfaces. Similar results between corresponding heat stressed
and unstressed oils samples provide an indication of durability and consistency of
the test oils.
[0062] It is known that some of the materials described above may interact in the final
formulation, so that the components of the final formulation may be different from
those that are initially added. For instance, metal ions (of, e.g., a detergent) can
migrate to other acidic sites of other molecules. The products formed thereby, including
the products formed upon employing the composition of the present invention in its
intended use, may not susceptible of easy description. Nevertheless, all such modifications
and reaction products are included within the scope of the present invention; the
present invention encompasses the composition prepared by admixing the components
described above.
[0063] Except in the examples, or where otherwise explicitly indicated, all numerical quantities
in this description specifying amounts of materials, reaction conditions, molecular
weights, number of carbon atoms, and the like, are to be understood as modified by
the word "about". Unless otherwise indicated, each chemical or composition referred
to herein should be interpreted as being a commercial grade material which may contain
the isomers, by-products, derivatives, and other such materials which are normally
understood to be present in the commercial grade. However, the amount of each chemical
component is presented exclusive of any solvent or diluent oil that may be customarily
present in the commercial material, unless otherwise indicated. It is to be understood
that the upper and lower amount, range, and ratio limits set forth herein may be independently
combined. As used herein, the expression "consisting essentially of" permits the inclusion
of substances that do not materially affect the basic and novel characteristics of
the composition under consideration.
[0064] While the invention has been explained in relation to its preferred embodiments,
it is to be understood that various modifications thereof will become apparent to
those skilled in the art upon reading the specification. Therefore, it is to be understood
that the invention disclosed herein is intended to cover such modifications that fall
within the scope of the appended claims.
1. A quenching oil composition comprising
(1) an oil having kinematic viscosity at 40°C ranging from 4 to 45 mm2sec-1 (40 to 210 SUS) and having a saturated content from about 80% to about 100%;
(2) an aliphatic polyolefin having
n ranging from about 300 to about 10,000; and
(3) at least one member selected from members of the groups consisting of
(a) a metal salt of hydrocarbyl substituted phenols, salicylic acids, carboxylic acids,
and sulfonic acids and alkaline earth metal salts of hydrocarbyl substituted saligenin
derivatives; and optionally
(b) hydrocarbyl substituted succinic derivatives selected from the group consisting
of esters, amides, ester-amides, imides, amine salts, acid-esters, acid-amides ester-amine
salts, amide-amine-salts and acid-amine salts.
2. The composition of claim 1 wherein (1) the oil is a mineral oil and/or synthetic oil.
3. The composition of claim 1 or 2 wherein (2) the polyolefin is an olefin-polyene copolymer,
wherein the olefin contains from about 3 to about 8 carbon atoms and the ratio of
moles of olefin to moles of polyene ranges from about 100:1 to about 1:1.
4. The composition of any preceding claim comprising at least one member selected from
the group consisting of (3)(a) a metal salt of hydrocarbyl substituted phenols, salicylic
acids, carboxylic acids, and sulfonic acids and alkaline earth metal salts of hydrocarbyl
substituted saligenin derivatives.
5. The composition of claim 4 wherein (3)(a) comprises a metal salt of sulfur or methylene
coupled hydrocarbyl substituted phenols or salicylic acids.
6. The composition of claim 4 wherein the metal ratio of metal salts of phenols, saligenin
derivatives and salicylic acids ranges from about 0.5 to about 5 and the metal ratio
of metal salts of sulfonic acids ranges from about 1 to about 20.
7. The composition of claim 4 wherein the metal salt (3)(a) has TBN ranging from about
45 to about 900, wherein TBN is the total base number determined in accordance with
ASTM D-2896.
8. The composition of claim 4 wherein the metal salt is an alkaline earth metal salt.
9. The composition of claim 4 comprising a metal salt of a hydrocarbyl substituted phenol.
10. The composition of claim 9 wherein the metal salt is a Mg or Ca methylene coupled
C7-15 aliphatic group substituted phenate.
11. The composition of claim 4 comprising a metal salt of a hydrocarbyl substituted salicylic
acid.
12. The composition of claim 4 comprising an alkaline earth metal salt of a hydrocarbyl
substituted saligenin derivative.
13. The composition of claim 1 comprising from about 0.2% to about 10% by weight of the
aliphatic polyolefin (2), and from 0.2% to about 10% by weight of (3)(a) a metal salt
of hydrocarbyl substituted phenols, salicylic acids and sulfonic acids and alkaline
earth metal salts of hydrocarbyl substituted saligenin derivatives; and from 0 to
about 5% by weight of (3)(b) hydrocarbyl substituted succinic esters, amides, ester-amides,
imides, amine salts, acid-esters, acid-amides, ester-amine salts, amide-amine salts
and acid-amine salts.
14. A method of heat treating metals comprising heating the metal to a temperature above
its critical temperature and thereafter cooling the metal by immersion thereof into
a quenching oil bath comprising the quenching oil composition of any one of claims
1 to 13.
1. Abschreckölzusammensetzung, die umfaßt:
(1) ein Öl mit einer kinematischen Viskosität im Bereich von 4 bis 45 mm2 sec-1 (40 bis 210 SUS) bei 40°C und einem Sättigungsgehalt von etwa 80% bis etwa 100%,
(2) ein aliphatisches Polyolefin mit
n im Bereich von etwa 300 bis etwa 10.000 und
(3) wenigstens einen Bestandteil, ausgewählt aus Bestandteilen der Gruppen, bestehend
aus
(a) einem Metallsalz von Hydrocarbyl-substituierten Phenolen, Salicylsäuren, Carbonsäuren
und Sulfonsäuren und Erdalkalimetallsalzen von Hydrocarbyl-substituierten Saligeninderivaten
und optional
(b) Hydrocarbyl-substituierten Succinderivaten, ausgewählt aus der Gruppe, bestehend
aus Estern, Amiden, Esteramiden, Imiden, Aminsalzen, Säureestem, Säureamiden, Esteraminsalzen,
Amid-Amin-Salzen und Säureaminsalzen.
2. Zusammensetzung nach Anspruch 1, wobei (1) das Öl ein Mineralöl und/oder ein synthetisches
Öl ist.
3. Zusammensetzung nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, wobei (2) das Polyolefin ein Olefin-Polyen-Copolymer
ist, wobei das Olefin etwa 3 bis etwa 8 Kohlenstoffatome enthält und das Molverhältnis
von Olefin zu Polyen im Bereich von etwa 100:1 bis etwa 1:1 liegt.
4. Zusammensetzung nach einem der vorangegangenen Ansprüche, welche wenigstens einen
Bestandteil enthält, der aus der Gruppe ausgewählt ist, bestehend aus (3)(a), einem
Metallsalz von Hydrocarbyl-substituierten Phenolen, Salicylsäuren, Carbonsäuren und
Sulfonsäuren und Erdalkalimetallsalzen von Hydrocarbyl-substituierten Saligeninderivaten.
5. Zusammensetzung nach Anspruch 4, wobei (3)(a) ein Metallsalz von Schwefel- oder Methylen-gekoppelten,
Hydrocarbyl-substituierten Phenolen oder Salicylsäuren umfaßt.
6. Zusammensetzung nach Anspruch 4, wobei das Metallverhältnis von Metallsalzen von Phenolen,
Saligeninderivaten und Salicylsäuren im Bereich von etwa 0,5 bis etwa 5 liegt und
das Metallverhältnis von Metallsalzen von Sulfonsäuren im Bereich von etwa 1 bis etwa
20 liegt.
7. Zusammensetzung nach Anspruch 4, wobei das Metallsalz (3)(a) eine TBN im Bereich von
etwa 45 bis etwa 900 hat, wobei TBN die Gesamtbasenzahl ist, die gemäß ASTM D-2896
bestimmt wurde.
8. Zusammensetzung nach Anspruch 4, wobei das Metallsalz ein Erdalkalimetallsalz ist.
9. Zusammensetzung nach Anspruch 4, welche ein Metallsalz eines Hydrocarbyl-substituierten
Phenols umfaßt.
10. Zusammensetzung nach Anspruch 9, wobei das Metallsalz ein Methylen-gekoppeltes, mit
einer aliphatischen C7-15-Gruppe substituiertes Mg- oder Ca-Phenolat ist.
11. Zusammensetzung nach Anspruch 4, welche ein Metallsalz einer Hydrocarbyl-substituierten
Salicylsäure umfaßt.
12. Zusammensetzung nach Anspruch 4, welche ein Erdalkalimetallsalz eines Hydrocarbyl-substituierten
Saligeninderivats umfaßt.
13. Zusammensetzung nach Anspruch 1, die etwa 0,2 Gew.-% bis etwa 10 Gew.-% des aliphatischen
Polyolefins (2) und 0,2 Gew.-% bis etwa 10 Gew.-% von (3)(a), einem Metallsalz von
Hydrocarbyl-substituierten Phenolen, Salicylsäuren und Sulfonsäuren und Erdalkalimetallsalzen
von Hydrocarbyl-substituierten Saligeninderivaten, und 0 bis etwa 5 Gew.-% von (3)(b),
Hydrocarbyl-substituierten Succinestem, Amiden, Esteramiden, Imiden, Aminsalzen, Säureestem,
Säureamiden, Esteraminsalzen, Amid-Amin-Salzen und Säureaminsalzen, enthält.
14. Verfahren zur Wärmebehandlung von Metallen, welches das Erhitzen des Metalls auf eine
Temperatur oberhalb seiner kritischen Temperatur und nachfolgend das Kühlen des Metalls
durch Eintauchen in ein Abschreckölbad, das die Abschreckölzusammensetzung nach einem
der Ansprüche 1 bis 13 enthält, umfaßt.
1. Composition d'huile de trempe comprenant :
(1) une huile ayant une viscosité cinématique à 40°C comprise dans l'intervalle de
4 à 45 mm2s-1 (40 à 210 SUS) et ayant une teneur en composés saturés d'environ 80 % à environ 100
% ;
(2) une polyoléfine aliphatique ayant une valeur de
comprise dans l'intervalle d'environ 300 à environ 10 000 ; et
(3) au moins un membre choisi parmi des membres des groupes consistant en
(a) un sel métallique de phénols, acides salicyliques, acides carboxyliques et acides
sulfoniques à substituants hydrocarbyle et des sels de métaux alcalinoterreux de dérivés
de saligénine à substituant hydrocarbyle ; et facultativement
(b) des dérivés succiniques à substituants hycarbyle, choisis dans le groupe consistant
en des esters, des amides, des ester-amides, des imides, des sels d'amines, des acides-esters,
des acides-amides, des esters-sels d'amines des amides-sels d'amines et des acides-sels
d'amines.
2. Composition suivant la revendication 1, dans laquelle (1) l'huile est une huile minérale
et/ou une huile synthétique.
3. Composition suivant la revendication 1 ou 2, dans laquelle (2) la polyoléfine est
un copolymère oléfine-polyène, dans lequel l'oléfine contient environ 3 à environ
8 atomes de carbone et le rapport du nombre de moles de l'oléfine au nombre de moles
de polyène est compris dans l'intervalle d'environ 100:1 à environ 1:1.
4. Composition suivant l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, comprenant au
moins un membre choisi dans le groupe consistant en (3) (a) un sel métallique de phénols,
acides salicyliques, acides carboxyliques et acides sulfoniques à substituants hydrocarbyle
et des sels de métaux alcalinoterreux de dérivés de saligénine à substituant hydrocarbyle.
5. Composition suivant la revendication 4, dans laquelle (3) (a) comprend un sel métallique
de phénols ou d'acides salicyliques à substituants hydrocarbyle couplés avec le soufre
ou des groupes méthylène.
6. Composition suivant la revendication 4, dans laquelle le rapport des métaux des sels
métalliques de phénols, de dérivés de saligénine et d'acides salicyliques est compris
dans l'intervalle d'environ 0,5 à environ 5 et le rapport des métaux des sels métalliques
d'acides sulfoniques est compris dans l'intervalle d'environ 1 à environ 20.
7. Composition suivant la revendication 4, dans laquelle le sel métallique (3) (a) a
un IBT compris dans l'intervalle d'environ 45 à environ 900, le IBT étant l'indice
de basicité total déterminé suivant la norme ASTM D-2896.
8. Composition suivant la revendication 4, dans laquelle le sel métallique est un sel
de métal alcalinoterreux.
9. Composition suivant la revendication 4, comprenant un sel métallique d'un phénol à
substituant hydrocarbyle.
10. Composition suivant la revendication 9, dans laquelle le sel métallique est un phénate
de Mg ou Ca substitué avec un groupe aliphatique en C7 à C15 couplé avec des groupes méthylène.
11. Composition suivant la revendication 4, comprenant un sel métallique d'un acide salicylique
à substituant hydrocarbyle.
12. Composition suivant la revendication 4, comprenant un sel de métal alcalinoterreux
d'un dérivé de saligénine à substituant hydrocarbyle.
13. Composition suivant la revendication 1, comprenant environ 0,2 % à environ 10 % en
poids de la polyoléfine aliphatique (2), et 0,2 % à environ 10 % en poids (3) (a)
d'un sel métallique de phénols, acides salicyliques et acides sulfoniques à substituants
hydrocarbyle et des sels de métaux alcalinoterreux de dérivés de saligénine à substituant
hydrocarbyle ; et 0 à environ 5 % en poids (3)(b) de dérivés succiniques à substituants
hydrocarbyle consistant en esters, amides, ester-amides, imides, sels d'amines, acides-esters,
acides-amides, esters-sels d'amines, amides-sels d'amines et acides-sels d'amines.
14. Procédé pour le traitement thermique de métaux, comprenant le chauffage du métal à
une température supérieure à sa température critique et ensuite le refroidissement
du métal par son immersion dans un bain d'huile de trempe comprenant la composition
d'huile de trempe de l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 13.