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EP 1 310 626 B1 |
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EUROPEAN PATENT SPECIFICATION |
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Mention of the grant of the patent: |
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08.02.2006 Bulletin 2006/06 |
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Date of filing: 07.11.2001 |
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International Patent Classification (IPC):
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Framed door with reinforcing irons
Rahmentür mit verstärkenden Metallprofilen
Porte avec cadre comportant des profilés métalliques de renforcement
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Designated Contracting States: |
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DE ES FR GB IT NL |
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Date of publication of application: |
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14.05.2003 Bulletin 2003/20 |
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Proprietor: NAN YA PLASTICS CORP. |
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Taipei (TW) |
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Inventor: |
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- Chen Wang, Kuei-Yung
Taipei (TW)
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(74) |
Representative: Helms, Joachim |
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Patentanwalt
Dantestrasse 27 80637 München 80637 München (DE) |
(56) |
References cited: :
WO-A-87/05355 DE-U- 29 608 281 FR-A- 2 785 329
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BE-A- 670 131 FR-A- 2 116 834
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Note: Within nine months from the publication of the mention of the grant of the European
patent, any person may give notice to the European Patent Office of opposition to
the European patent
granted. Notice of opposition shall be filed in a written reasoned statement. It shall
not be deemed to
have been filed until the opposition fee has been paid. (Art. 99(1) European Patent
Convention).
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BACKGROUND OF THE PRESENT INVENTION
1. Field of this invention
[0001] This invention relates to an improvement on the assembly structure of a super-high
door by installing multiple reinforcing structures such as the U-shape reinforcing
iron and the wood strip to prevent the door from bending and deforming caused by its
height too high. From FR-A-2 116 834 a relevant door is known.
2. Description of Prior Art
[0002] Referring to the traditional doors in the market, there are roughly two kinds of
door; one is the door with an ordinary height of about 200 cm (6 ft 8 in), the other
one is the super-high door with a height of about 240 cm (8 ft). In general the assembly
structure of the super-high door is not strong enough to support the weight of itself
due to its height too high, which causes bending and deformation to affect its application
and safety. Therefore, reinforcing the assembly structure of the super-high door is
worthy of the endeavor of the industry to research and develop.
SUMMARY OF THIS INVENTION
[0003] The main purpose of this invention is to reinforce the assembly structure of a super-high
door to prevent the super-high door from bending and deforming, by inlaying an U-shape
reinforcing iron of which the inner is inserted with a wood strip and another wood
strip is then closely joined to said wood strip by a nail gun and an adhesive joint,
to improve the assembly structure and the firmness of the super-high door.
[0004] The other purpose of this invention is to disclose an assembly structure of a super-high
door comprising members of two hubbed door skins, a top edge-sealing angle bar, a
bottom edge-sealing angle bar, a left edge-sealing angle bar, and a right edge-sealing
angle bar. Said hubbed door skin is an integrally molded flush-edged structure which
is positioned by the flange ribs of the left edge-sealing angle bar and the right
edge-sealing angle bar; meanwhile, the top edge-sealing angle bar and the bottom edge-sealing
angle bar are positioned by the milled notches at the top and the bottom ends of the
left edge-sealing angle bar and the right edge-sealing angle bar. This invention is
characterized in: the inner side of the upper longer region (above the handle) of
the left edge-sealing angle bar and the inner side of the lower shorter region (below
the handle) of the left edge-sealing angle bar are respectively connected with two
U-shape reinforcing irons of which each length is corresponding to each length of
said two regions, then a wood strip with a length a little bit shorter than that of
the left edge-sealing angle bar is inserted into the inner of the two U-shape reinforcing
irons, then by a nail gun and an adhesive joint, another wood strip is closely joined
together to the wood strip; besides, the inner side of the right edge-sealing angle
bar is connected with an U-shape reinforcing iron of which the length is a little
bit shorter than that of the right edge-sealing angle bar, then a wood strip with
a length corresponding to that of the U-shape reinforcing iron is inserted thereto
and by a nail gun and adhesives joint, another wood strip is closely joined to the
wood strip; thereafter, said structure is coated with an adhesive and press-assembled
with two hubbed door skins; after assembling, the bottom edge-sealing angle bar is
drilled a hole thereof and filled up with ammonium polyester foamed plastic to form
a super-high door structure which will not bent nor deform.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING FEGURES
[0005]
Fig. 1 is an assembly drawing of a door structure.
Fig. 2 is an exploded view drawing of a door structure.
Fig. 3 is a transverse section drawing of a door assembly.
Fig.4 is a vertical section drawing of a door assembly.
Fig.5 is a schematic drawing of a reinforced structure.
Fig.6 is a schematic drawing of the assembly procedure of a reinforced structure.
[0006] Symbols of the drawings are explained as follows:
1, 2 : skin of hubbed door
1-1: top skin
2-1: bottom skin
3: top and bottom edge-sealing angle bar
3-1: top edge-sealing angle bar
3-2: bottom edge-sealing angle bar
4: left and right edge-sealing angle bar
4-1: right edge-sealing angle bar
4-2: left edge-sealing angle bar
4-3: flange rib of the left and right edge-sealing angle bar
4-4: drilled notch at the top and bottom ends of the left and right edge-sealing angle
bar
5: left and right reinforcing angle bar
5-1: wood strip I (needed to be edge-drilled)
5-2: wood strip 2
6: left and right U-shape reinforcing iron
6-1: left longer U-shape reinforcing iron
6-2: left shorter U-shape reinforcing iron
6-3: right U-shape reinforcing iron
7: handle area reinforcing angle bar
8: ammonium polyester foamed plastic
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THIS INVENTION
[0007] This invention improves the assembly structure of the conventional super-high door
by installing multiple reinforcing structures such as the U-shape reinforcing iron
and the wood strip so as to have the advantage of preventing the door from bending
and deforming caused by its height too high. To help be clearly understood, the essence
of the skill of this invention in combination of drawings is described in detail as
follows:
[0008] Referring to Fig.1 and Fig. 2, the assembly structure of the super-high door of this
invention comprises two hubbed door skins 1 or 2, a top edge-sealing angle bar 3-1,
a bottom edge-sealing angle bar 3-2, a left edge-sealing angle bar 4-2, a right edge-sealing
angle bar 4-1, a couple of left and right wood strips 5-1, another couple of left
and right wood strips 5-2, a left longer U-shape reinforcing iron 6-1, a left shorter
U-shape reinforcing iron 6-2, a right U-shape reinforcing iron 6-3, and a handle area
reinforcing angle bar 7.
[0009] The thickness of the hubbed door skin 1 or 2 of this invention is about 1 ~ 4 mm,
of which the material can be strengthened glass fiber, wood fiber, steel, or natural
wood. The outer surface of the hubbed door skin is provided with smooth surface or
to simulate wood graining. The depth of wood graining simulated is about 0.05 ~ 0.2
mm. The hubbed door skins 1 or 2 can be a flat surface or is embellished as 3 panels
door, 4 panels door, or 6 panels door. The opposite side of the hubbed door skins
1 or 2 is then provided with rough surfaces to increase the abrasiveness while adhere-joined.
The four edges of the hubbed door skins 1 or 2 are designed to be flush-edged to be
closely adhere-joined to and assembled with the top edge-sealing angle bar 3-1, the
bottom edge-sealing angle bar 3-2, the left edge-sealing angle bar 4-2, and the right
edge-sealing angle bar 4-1. The material of said top edge-sealing angle bar 3-1 and
bottom edge-sealing angle bar 3-2 can be PVC foam profile, wood, steel, or ejected
plastic.
[0010] Referring to Fig. 2, the assembling procedure of the super-high door of this invention
is as follows: the door skins 1 or 2, the top edge-sealing angle bar 3-1, the bottom
edge-sealing angle bar 3-2, the left edge-sealing angle bar 4-2, and the right edge-sealing
angle bar 4-1 are closely adhere-joined and assembled. The hubbed door skins 1 or
2 are integrally molded flush-edged structures which are position-joined (referring
to Fig. 3 and Fig. 4) by the flange ribs 4-3 of the left edge-sealing angle bar 4-2
and the right edge-sealing angle bar 4-1; meanwhile, the top edge-sealing angle bar
3-1 and the bottom edge-sealing angle bar 3-2 are positioned by the milled notches
4-4 at the top and the bottom ends of the left edge-sealing angle bar 4-2 and the
right edge-sealing angle bar 4-1.
[0011] In addition, the inner side of the left edge-sealing angle bar 4-2 and the inner
side of the right edge-sealing angle bar 4-1 are inlaid with a reinforcing structure
(referring to Fig. 5) of the super-high door of this invention comprising: a couple
of the left and the right wood strips 5-1, another couple of the left and the right
wood strips 5-2, a left longer U-shape reinforcing iron 6-1, a left shorter U-shape
reinforcing iron 6-2, a right U-shape reinforcing iron 6-3, and a handle area reinforcing
angle bar 7. After the completion of assembling, the internal of the two hubbed door
skins 1 or 2 forms a sealed space; and the bottom edge-sealing angle bar 3-2 is drilled
a hole thereof and filled up with ammonium polyester foamed plastic 8 to compose a
super-high door.
[0012] Referring to Fig. 2, Fig.3, Fig.4, Fig.5, and Fig.6, to reinforce the strength of
super-high door, the preferred embodiment of the super-high door structure of this
invention is that the left and the right wood strips 5-1 are capably inlayed into
a left longer U-shape reinforcing iron 6-1, a left shorter U-shape reinforcing iron
6-2, and a right U-shape reinforcing iron 6-3 respectively.
[0013] Therefore, the super-high door structure of this invention comprises members of two
hubbed door skins 1 or 2, a top edge-sealing angle bar 3-1, a bottom edge-sealing
angle bar 3-2, a left edge-sealing angle bar 4-2, and a right edge-sealing angle bar
4-1. Said hubbed door skins 1 or 2 are integrally molded flush-edged structure which
are positioned by the flange ribs 4-3 of the left edge-sealing angle bar 4-2 and the
right edge-sealing angle bar 4-1; meanwhile, the top edge-sealing angle bar 3-1 and
the bottom edge-sealing angle bar 3-2 are positioned by the milled notches 4-4 at
the top and the bottom ends of the left edge-sealing angle bar 4-2 and the right edge-sealing
angle bar 4-1. In addition, the inner side of the upper longer region (above the handle)
of the left edge-sealing angle bar 4-2 and the inner side of the lower shorter region
(below the handle) of the left edge-sealing angle bar 4-2 are respectively connected
with a left longer U-shape reinforcing iron 6-1 and a left shorter U-shape reinforcing
iron 6-2 of which each length is corresponding to each length of said two regions;
then a wood strip 5-1 with a length a little bit shorter than that of the left edge-sealing
angle bar 4-2 is inserted into the inners of the left longer U-shape reinforcing iron
6-1 and the left shorter U-shape reinforcing iron 6-2. Furthermore, by a nail gun
and adhesive joint another wood strip 5-2 is closely joined together onto the wood
strip 5-1, and at area of handle to be installed on the wood strip 5-2 another reinforcing
angle bar 7 is then jointed to the wood strip 5-2 to reinforce the strength of handle
to be installed. Besides, the inner side of the right edge-sealing angle bar 4-1 is
connected with an U-shape reinforcing iron 6-3 of which the length is a little bit
shorter than that of the right edge-sealing angle bar 4-1, then a wood strip 5-1 with
a length corresponding to that of the U-shape reinforcing iron 6-3 is inserted thereto,
and by a nail gun and adhesives joint, another wood strip 5-2 is closely joined together
to the wood strip 5-1. Thereafter, said structure is coated with an adhesive and press-assembled
with two hubbed door skins 1 or 2; after assembling, the bottom edge-sealing angle
bar 3-2 is drilled a hole thereof and filled up with ammonium polyester foamed plastic
8 to form a super-high door structure with reinforced strength.
[0014] The super-high door of this invention will not bent nor deform by using the assembly
of the left longer U-shape reinforcing iron 6-1, the left shorter U-shape reinforcing
iron 6-2, the right U-shape reinforcing iron 6-3, and a couple of wood strips 5-1
and 5-2 to compose an unique structure of a reinforced super-high door.
1. Assembly structure of a super-high door, comprising two hubbed door skins (1-1, 2-1),
a top edge-sealing angle bar (3-1), a bottom edge-sealing angle bar (3-2), a left
edge-sealing angle bar (4-2), and a right edge-sealing angle bar (4-1); said hubbed
door skins (1-1, 2-1) are integrally molded flush-edged structures which are positioned
by the flange ribs (4-3, 4-4) of the left edge-sealing angle bar (4-2) and the right
edge-sealing angle bar (4-1); meanwhile, the top edge-sealing angle bar (3-1) and
the bottom edge-sealing angle bar (3-2) are positioned by the milled notches at the
top and the bottom ends of the left edge-sealing angle bar (4-2) and the right edge-sealing
angle bar (4-1); characterised in that the inner side of the upper longer region (above the handle) of the left edge-sealing
angle bar (4-2) and the inner side of the lower shorter region (below the handle)
of the left edge-sealing angle bar (4-2) are respectively inlaid with an U-shape reinforcing
iron (6-1, 6-2) of which the length is corresponding to each length of said two regions,
then a wood strip (5-1) with a length a little bit shorter than that of the left edge-sealing
angle bar (4-2) is inserted into the inner of the two U-shape reinforcing irons (6-1,
6-2) having different length, then closely joined, by a nail gun and an adhesive,
to another wood strip (5-2) of which the handle position is inlaid with a reinforcing
angle bar (7); and
the inner side of the right edge-sealing angle bar (4-1) is inlaid with an U-shape
reinforcing iron (6-3) of which the length is a little bit shorter than that of the
right edge-sealing angle bar (4-1), then a wood strip (5-1) with a length corresponding
to that of the U-shape reinforcing iron (6-3) is inserted thereto and closely joined,
by a nail gun and adhesives, to another wood strip (5-2); thereafter, said structure
is coated with an adhesive and press-assembled with two hubbed door skins (1-1, 2-1);
after assembling, the bottom edge-sealing angle bar (3-2) is drilled a hole thereof
and filled up with ammonium polyester foamed plastic (8) to form a super-high door
structure which will not bent nor deform.
2. Assembly structure of a super-high door as defined in claim 1, characterised in that the material of the hubbed door skin (1-1, 2-1) is sheet molding compound of strengthened
glass fiber, wood fiber, steel, or natural wood.
3. Assembly structure of a super-high door as defined in claim 2, characterised in that the material of the edge-sealing angle bar (3-1, 3-2, 4-1, 4-2) is PVC profile, or
PVC foam profile, or wood, or steel, or ejected plastic.
4. Assembly structure of a super-high door as defined in claim 2, characterised in that the surface of the hubbed door skin (1-1, 2-1) is a smooth surface without vein or
a surface with vein.
5. Assembly structure of a super-high door as defined in claim 4, characterised in that the vein depth of the hubbed door skin (1-1, 2-1) surface is 0.05 ~ 0.2 mm.
6. Assembly structure of a super-high door as defined in claim 5, characterised in that the material of the edge-sealing angle bar (3-1, 3-2, 4-1, 4-2) is PVC profile, or
PVC foam profile, or wood, or steel, or ejected plastic.
7. Assembly structure of a super-high door as defined in claim 5, characterised in that the hubbed door skin (1-1, 2-1) is a flat surface or is embellished as 3 panels door,
4 panels door, or 6 panels door.
8. Assembly structure of a super-high door as defined in claim 7, characterised in that the material of the edge-sealing angle bar (3-1, 3-2, 4-1, 4-2) is PVC profile, or
PVC foam profile, or wood, or steel, or ejected plastic.
1. Anordnungsstruktur für eine sehr hohe Rahmentür, umfassend
zwei abgesetzte Türblätter (1-2, 2-1), eine obere Randabschlussleiste (3-1), eine
untere Randabschlussleiste (3-2), eine linke Randabschlussleiste (4-2) und eine rechte
Randabschlussleiste (4-1), wobei die abgesetzten Türblätter (1-1, 2-1) als einstückig
geformte Strukturen mit bündigen Rändern ausgebildet sind, die mittels Flanschrippen
(4-3, 4-4) der linken Randabschlussleiste (4-2) und der rechten Randabschlussleiste
(4-1) positioniert sind, und weiter die obere Randabschlussleiste (3-1) und die untere
Randabschlussleiste (3-2) mittels ausgeformter Nuten an den oberen und unteren Enden
der linken Randabschlussleiste (4-2) und der rechten Randabschlussleiste (4-1) positioniert
werden,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass an der Innenseite des oberen längeren Bereichs (oberhalb des Türgriffs) der linken
Randabschlussleiste (4-2) und der Innenseite des unteren kürzeren Bereichs (unterhalb
des Türgriffs) der linken Randabschlussleiste (4-2) entsprechende verstärkende U-förmige
Metallprofile (6-1, 6,2), deren Länge jeweils der Länge der zwei Bereiche entspricht,
eingelegt sind, dass eine Holzleiste (5-1) mit einer ein wenig kürzeren Länge als
der der linken Randabschlussleiste (4-2) in das Innere der zwei verstärkenden U-förmigen
Metallprofile (6-1, 6-2) mit unterschiedlicher Länge eingesetzt ist und mittels einer
Nagelpistole und Klebstoff mit einer weiteren Holzleiste (5-2), auf deren Türgriffposition
eine Verstärkungsleiste (7) angeordnet ist, fest verbunden ist, und
dass an der Innenseite der rechten Randabschlussleiste (4-1) ein verstärkendes U-förmiges
Metallprofil (6-3), dessen Länge ein wenig kürzer als die der rechten Randabschlussleiste
(4-1) ist, eingelegt ist, dass eine Holzleiste (5-1) mit einer dem verstärkenden U-förmigen
Metallprofil (6-3) entsprechenden Länge darin eingesetzt ist und mittels einer Nagelpistole
und Klebstoff fest mit einer weiteren Holzleiste (5-2) verbunden ist, dass diese Struktur
mit Klebstoff beschichtet wird und unter Druck mit zwei abgesetzten Türblättern (1-1,
2-1) zusammengesetzt wird; nach dem Zusammenbau in die untere Randabschlussleiste
(3-2) ein Loch gebohrt wird und die Struktur mit Ammonium-Polyester-Kunststoffschaum
(8) zur Ausbildung einer sehr hohen Rahmentür, die sich nicht verzieht oder verformt,
gefüllt wird.
2. Anordnungsstruktur für eine sehr hohe Rahmentür nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die abgesetzten Türblätter (1-1, 2-1) aus glasfaserverstärktem Verbundmaterial, Holzfaser,
Stahl oder Naturholz bestehen.
3. Anordnungsstruktur für eine sehr hohe Rahmentür nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Randabschlussleisten (3-1, 3-2, 4-1, 4-2) aus einem PVC Profil oder einem PVC
Schaumprofil, Holz, Stahl oder gespritztem Kunststoff bestehen.
4. Anordnungsstruktur für eine sehr hohe Rahmentür nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Oberfläche des abgesetzten Türblatts (1-1, 2-1) glatt, mit oder ohne Maserung,
ausgebildet ist.
5. Anordnungsstruktur für eine sehr hohe Rahmentür nach Anspruch 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Maserungstiefe in der Oberfläche der abgesetzten Türblätter (1-1, 2-1) 0,05 -
0,2 mm beträgt.
6. Anordnungsstruktur für eine sehr hohe Rahmentür nach Anspruch 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Randabschlussleisten (3-1, 3-2, 4-1, 4-2) aus einem PVC Profil oder einem PVC
Schaumprofil, Holz, Stahl oder gespritztem Kunststoff bestehen.
7. Anordnungsstruktur für eine sehr hohe Rahmentür nach Anspruch 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Türblätter (1-1, 2-1) eine flache Oberfläche oder drei Kassetten, vier Kassetten
oder sechs Kassetten aufweisen.
8. Anordnungsstruktur für eine sehr hohe Rahmentür nach Anspruch 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Randabschlussleisten (3-1, 3-2, 4-1, 4-2) aus einem PVC Profil oder einem PVC
Schaumprofil, Holz, Stahl oder gespritztem Kunststoff bestehen.
1. Structure d'assemblage d'une porte très haute, comprenant deux revêtements de porte
sur moyeu (1-1, 2-1), une cornière supérieure d'assemblage (3-1), une cornière inférieure
d'assemblage (3-2), une cornière gauche d'assemblage (4-2) et une cornière droite
d'assemblage (4-1) ; lesdits revêtements de porte sur moyeu (1-1, 2-1) sont des structures
à bord de niveau entièrement moulées qui sont positionnées par les côtes de rebord
(4-3, 4-4) de la cornière gauche d'assemblage (4-2) et de la cornière droite d'assemblage
(4-1) ; en même temps, la cornière supérieure d'assemblage (3-1) et la cornière inférieure
d'assemblage (3-2) sont positionnées par les encoches meulées au niveau des extrémités
supérieure et inférieure de la cornière gauche d'assemblage(4-2) et la cornière droite
d'assemblage (4-1) ; caractérisée en ce que le côté interne de la région supérieure la plus longue (au dessus de la poignée)
de la cornière gauche d'assemblage (4-2) et le côté interne de la région inférieure
la plus courte (au dessous de la poignée) de la cornière gauche d'assemblage (4-2)
sont respectivement incrustés avec un profilé métallique de renforcement en forme
de U (6-1 ; 6-2) dont la longueur correspond à chaque longueur desdites deux régions,
et une bande de bois (5-1) dont la longueur est légèrement plus courte que celle de
la cornière gauche d'assemblage (4-2) est insérée à l'intérieur des deux profilés
métalliques de renforcement en forme de U (6-1 ; 6-2) ayant une longueur différente,
et étroitement assemblée ensuite, avec une cloueuse et un adhésif sur une autre bande
de bois (5-2) dont la position de la poignée est incrustée avec une cornière de renforcement
(7) ; et
le côté interne de la cornière droite d'assemblage (4-1) est incrusté avec un profilé
métallique de renforcement en forme de U (6-3) dont la longueur est légèrement plus
courte que celle de la cornière droite d'assemblage (4-1), et une bande de bois (5-1)
avec une longueur correspondant à celle du profilé métallique de renforcement en forme
de U (6-3) est insérée dans celui-ci et étroitement assemblée avec une cloueuse et
des adhésifs, sur une autre bande de bois (5-2); après quoi ladite structure est recouverte
avec un adhésif et assemblée à la presse avec deux revêtements de porte sur moyeu
(1-1 ; 2-1) ; après l'assemblage, un trou est percé dans la cornière inférieure d'assemblage
(3-2) et il est remplit avec de la mousse de polyester d'ammonium (8) pour former
une structure de porte très haute qui ne se plie pas et ne se déforme pas.
2. Structure d'assemblage d'une porte très haute selon la revendication 1, caractérisée en ce que le matériau du revêtement de porte sur moyeu (1-1 ; 2-1) est une plaque moulée composée
de fibres de verre renforcées, de fibres de bois, d'acier ou de bois naturel.
3. Structure d'assemblage d'une porte très haute selon la revendication 2, caractérisée en ce que le matériau de la cornière d'assemblage (3-1, 3-2, 4-1, 4-2) est un profil en PVC
ou un profil en mousse de PVC, ou du bois, ou de l'acier ou du plastique injecté.
4. Structure d'assemblage d'une porte très haute selon la revendication 2, caractérisée en ce que la surface du revêtement de porte sur moyeu (1-1, 2-1) est une surface lisse sans
veine ou une surface veinée.
5. Structure d'assemblage d'une porte très haute selon la revendication 4, caractérisée en ce que la profondeur de veine de la surface de revêtement de porte sur moyeu (1-1, 2-1)
est de 0,05 - 0,2 mm.
6. Structure d'assemblage d'une porte très haute selon la revendication 5, caractérisée en ce que le matériau de la cornière d'assemblage(3-1, 3-2, 4-1, 4-2) est un profil en PVC
ou un profil en mousse de PVC, ou du bois, ou de l'acier ou du plastique injecté.
7. Structure d'assemblage d'une porte très haute selon la revendication 5, caractérisée en ce que le revêtement de porte sur moyeu (1-1, 2-1) est une surface plate ou est embelli
sous la forme d'une porte à 3 panneaux, d'une porte à 4 panneaux ou d'une porte à
6 panneaux.
8. Structure d'assemblage d'une porte très haute selon la revendication 7, caractérisée en ce que le matériau de la cornière d'assemblage(3-1, 3-2, 4-1, 4-2) est un profil en PVC,
ou un profil en mousse de PVC, ou du bois, ou de l'acier ou du plastique injecté.