BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
1. Field of the Invention
[0001] The present invention relates to an apparatus for organic synthesis and reactions
and, more particularly, to an apparatus which is used for organic synthesis and reactions
and permits analysis of reaction mechanisms and reaction intermediate structures.
2. Description of the Related Art
[0002] A technique for causing plural substances to mix and react with each other in a quite
small space is known as microchip technology or microreactor technology and expected
to be put into practical use to provide increased chemical reaction rates and improved
efficiencies.
[0003] Microchip reactors for chemical synthesis are often made of glass because of its
excellent chemical resistance. Since it is difficult to directly connect a tube, which
is used to introduce a synthesis reagent, with a microchannel in a microchip made
of glass, it is customary to connect the tube with a holder via a connector after
the microchip reactor is held with the holder.
[0004] At tube joints, O-rings are of ten used to prevent liquid leakage. Therefore, eluates
from rubber members and dead volume often present problems. In one available method,
a tube is adhesively fixed to the surface of a glass reactor. However, depending on
the solvent used, there is the possibility that the adhesive dissolves out. Furthermore,
it is possible to machine a threaded structure into a glass material, the structure
being used for connection of tubes of liquid chromatographs. Nonetheless, high level
of technique is required to machine the structure, and high cost is necessary.
[0005] Furthermore, a reagent solution having high viscosity may be used depending on the
kind of synthesis reaction. The reagent may clog up the channel after introduction
of the reagent. Especially, the channel tends to be clogged up near tube joints.
[0006] Microreactor products used for chemical synthesis have already been sold from some
manufacturers. The microreactors are chiefly made of glass. A commercially available
microreactor 100 for mixing of two reagents is shown in Fig. 7a-c. The glass microreactor
100 is composed of two plates. A microchannel is formed in one of the plates. A fluid
inlet hole 102 and a fluid exit hole are formed in the other. The two plates are bonded
together by thermocompression.
[0007] This microreactor is held to a holder 110. Tubes 124 for introduction of reagents
are connected with the microreactor using connectors 120. Fig. 7c shows the structure
of a connector 120. A Teflon
™ screw 122 is screwed into the chip holder 110 and into contact with the glass chip
100. A Teflon
™ tube 124 passes through the screw 122 to the fluid inlet hole 102. An O-ring seal
126 is provided between the screw 122 and the glass microreactor 100. The tubes 124
are connected with syringe pumps. Reagent solutions are introduced into the microreactor
by the syringe pumps. The introduced reagents are made to meet at the Y-shaped portion
of the channel and mixed. The reagents are made to react with each other in the downstream
channel, thus producing reaction products.
[0008] A well-known on-line method of detecting reaction products is a thermal lens microscope
technique. Where a measurement is performed using a mass spectrometer (MS) or nuclear
magnetic resonance spectrometer (NMR) to make structural analysis of reaction products,
it is required that the reaction products be collected at the exit of the microreactor
and that the sample be introduced into the MS or NMR off-line.
[0009] Vigorous research is now underway to connect a microchip reactor or microreactor
having various functions with an MS or NMR having high qualitative analysis capabilities
in an on-line manner to perform analyses. There are the following research reports:
(1) Microchip-NMR
[0010] A monograph has been published describing a research in which a circular liquid reservoir
is formed in a channel within a microchip reactor as shown in Fig. 8, a microcoil
is brought close to the reservoir, and a trace amount of sample is investigated. Microcoils
or probes dedicated for microchip reactors are at a research stage. There are almost
no applications to chemical synthesis.
[0011] Itemreferences for figure 8 are as follows: Helmholtz MicroCoil 130; electrical bridge
131; bonding pads 132; glass substrate 133; fill channels 134; sample chamber 135;
and glass substrate 136.
(2) Flow NMR
[0012] Reaction reagents are mixed and reacted with each other using a static mixer. The
reaction liquid is guided into a probe for flow NMR via a line, and an NMR measurement
is performed. This research is at a practical level. The experiment needs a flow NMR
probe. Furthermore, there is a drawback that the distance from the reaction portion
to the position in the NMR magnet irradiated with an RF magnetic field is long.
(3) Microchip-MS
[0013] As shown in Fig. 9, when a microchip reactor is fabricated, a nanoelectrospray (ESI)
nozzle is integrated with the microchip reactor. Mass analysis is enabled by applying
a high voltage to the nozzle. There are more applications in the biological field
than in synthetic chemistry.
[0015] Microchip reactors and microreactors for chemical analysis have the following problems:
- (1) Since the microreactor is of the integrated construction, parts cannot be replaced.
Therefore, if the channel or a tube joint is clogged up, the whole microreactor must
be replaced. If the microreactor is made of glass, the running cost is high.
- (2) Eluates from the material of the connector and dead volume present problems.
- (3) When reaction products are detected on-line, usable detectors are limited to those
using absorption of light.
- (4) When structural analysis of reaction products is performed using an analytical
instrument, it is normally necessary to introduce a sample in an off-line manner.
[0016] Where on-line detection using a combination of a microchip reactor and an analytical
instrument consistingof anNMR is performed, there are the following problems.
- (1) It is necessary to design and develop a dedicated NMR probe. This needs an exorbitant
amount of initial investment.
- (2) Since the design of the microchip reactor is dedicated for NMR, it is difficult
to connect the reactor directly with other detectors.
[0017] Where on-line detection using a combination of a microchip reactor and an analytical
instrument consisting of a flow NMR spectrometer is performed, there are the following
problems.
- (1) It is necessary to design and develop a dedicated flow probe. This necessitates
a huge amount of initial investment.
- (2) It is difficult to place the reaction portion into the probe. Normally, the reaction
portion is placed outside the magnet. Consequently, there is a time lag from reaction
to detection.
[0018] Where on-line detection using a combination of a microchip reactor and an analytical
instrument consisting of an MS is performed, there are the following problems.
- (1) There are only few examples of application to chemical synthesis.
- (2) The design of the microchip reactor is dedicated for MS. It is difficult to connect
the microchip reactor directly with other detectors.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
[0019] The present invention has been made in view of the foregoing problems. It would be
desirable to provide a microchip reactor which is for use in organic synthesis and
which can be used in combination with many analytical instruments.
[0020] In accordance with the invention, there is provided an organic synthesis reactor
in which fluids are mixed in a very narrow space and reacted in multiple stages. The
reactor has an introduction portion for introducing plural reagents from plural channels
and a reaction portion disconnectably connected with the introduction portion. Where
needed, the introduction portion mixes the introduced reagents and causes them to
react with each other. In the reaction portion, a reagent or reaction liquid introduced
from the introduction portion is mixed and reacted with other reagent. The introduction
portion has an inlet channel for introducing a reagent, introduced from the outside,
into the reaction portion and a first discharge channel for discharging the reaction
liquid, discharged from the reaction portion, to the outside. The reaction portion
has a reaction channel in communication with the inlet channel and a second discharge
channel. The reaction channel causes plural reagents sent in from the inlet channel
to mix and react. The second discharge channel places the reaction channel into communication
with the first discharge channel to return the reaction liquid produced in the reaction
channel to the introduction portion.
[0021] In one embodiment of the invention, the introduction portion is a microchip having
a substrate made of a resin having chemical resistance. The substrate is provided
with a microchannel. The reaction portion is a microchip having a substrate made of
glass or quartz, the substrate being provided with a microchannel.
[0022] In another embodiment of the invention, the introduction portion has an inlet hole
for introducing a reagent and a discharge hole for discharging the reaction liquid.
The inlet hole and the discharge hole are flush with each other.
[0023] In a further embodiment of the invention, the microchannels are formed on both surfaces
of the substrate made of glass or quartz by wet etching or drilling. Then, the substrate
having the microchannels is sandwiched between two plates of glass or quartz. The
substrate and the plates are bonded together by thermocompression, thus completing
the reactor.
[0024] In a yet other embodiment of the invention, the substrate has a thickness of 1 to
5 mm.
[0025] In an additional embodiment of the invention, the reaction portion has been finished
in a cylindrical or prismatic form having a length of 50 to 300 mm and a maximum width
of 2 to 10 mm.
[0026] In a still other embodiment of the invention, the microchannels have a width and
a depth of 50 to 500 µm.
[0027] In a yet additional embodiment of the invention, the reaction portion has a detection
portion used in combination with an analytical instrument for analyzing the reaction
liquid.
[0028] In a still further embodiment of the invention, the analytical instrument is at least
one of NMR, ESR, and thermal lens microscope.
[0029] In an additional embodiment of the invention, an electrospray nozzle for use in combination
with a mass spectrometer (MS) for analyzing the reaction liquid is mounted in the
discharge hole in the introduction portion for discharging the reaction liquid.
[0030] Because the organic synthesis reactor according to an embodiment of the present invention
is designed as described above, the reactor can be fabricated in a microchip form
capable of being used in combination with many analytical instruments.
[0031] Other preferred embodiments of the invention will appear in the course of the description
thereof, which follows.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0032]
Fig. 1 shows an organic synthesis reactor according to one embodiment of the present
invention.
Fig. 2 shows an organic synthesis reactor according to another embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 3 shows an organic synthesis reactor according to a further embodiment of the
invention.
Fig. 4 is a cross-sectional view of a thermal lens microscope that embodies an organic
synthesis reactor according to an embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 5 is a cross-sectional view of an NMR spectrometer that embodies an organic synthesis
reactor according to an embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 6 is a cross-sectional view of a mass spectrometer that embodies an organic synthesis
reactor according to an embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 7 shows a commercially available microchip.
Fig. 8 shows a related-art technique in which a microchip is applied to an NMR spectrometer.
The figure shows a perspective break away of Helmholtz fabrication, from non-patent
reference 3.
Fig. 9 shows another related-art technique in which a microchip is applied to a mass
spectrometer, from non-patent reference 4.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
[0033] Embodiments of the present invention are hereinafter described with reference to
the accompanying drawings.
First Embodiment
[0034] Referring to Fig. 1, there is shown an organic synthesis reactor according to one
embodiment of the present invention. Figs. 1a-c show top, bottom and side views, respectively.
The reactor has a reagent introduction-and-reaction portion 2 that is connected at
a contact portion 4 with an extensional reaction portion 1 via a connector jig 3.
[0035] The extensional reaction portion 1 is made of a glass substrate having a thickness
of 1 to 5 mm. Microchannels are formed on both surfaces of the glass substrate by
wet etching or drilling. The glass substrate is provided with a through-hole 12 to
permit a reagent solution to flow from the channel in the front surface to the channel
in the rear surface.
[0036] The width and depth of the channels are 50 to 500 µm. The design of the channels
and machining method can be modified according to the purpose of use.
[0037] The glass substrate having the microchannels are then held between two glass plates.
These glass substrate and glass plates are bonded together by thermocompression. The
whole assembly is finished in a cylindrical or prismatic form by a cutting technique.
Alternatively, a glass stock may be machined into a semicylindrical form, and microchannels
may be formed in this semicylindrical form. Preferably, the length of the extensional
reaction portion 1 is 50 to 300 mm. The diameter of the cylindrical form or the maximum
width of the prismatic form is 2 to 10 mm.
[0038] Screw holes are formed in the reagent introduction-and-reaction portion 2 to permit
connection of tubes. Also, channels are formed in this portion 2. When the extensional
reaction portion 1 and the reagent introduction-and-reaction portion 2 have been connected,
their channels are aligned. Consequently, a reagent solution can be passed through
the channels.
[0039] The connector jig 3 has guide portions to facilitate aligning the extensional reaction
portion 1 and reagent introduction-and-reaction portion 2. The contact portion 4 is
surface-treated or used in combination with a sealant to prevent liquid leakage.
[0040] Three reagent inlet holes 5 are formed in the reagent introduction-and-reaction portion
2. Two of the 3 inlet holes 5 meet each other and are combined into one conduit immediately
ahead of a first reaction portion 7 formed within the reagent introduction-and-reaction
portion 2. The conduit passes through the first reaction portion 7 of the bent channel,
where a first reaction between reagents is produced. The conduit is in communication
with a first reaction liquid channel 8 formed in the extensional reaction portion
1.
[0041] A reagent inlet channel 6 extends from the remaining one of the reagent inlet holes
5 and meets the first reaction liquid channel 8 in a second reaction-and-mixture portion
9 formed in the extensional reaction portion 1, thus forming one conduit. This conduit
is in communication with a second reaction portion 10 of the bent channel, where a
second reaction between the reagents is induced.
[0042] The second reaction portion 10 is in communication with a detection channel 11 of
the bent channel. The second reaction portion 10 passes through a through-hole 12
and reaches the rear side of the extensional reaction portion 1, the through-hole
12 being formed in the vertical direction. The second reaction portion 10 then passes
into the reaction liquid discharge hole 14 through a reaction liquid discharge channel
13. The 3 reagent inlet holes 5 and reaction liquid discharge hole 14 are formed in
the same side surface of the reagent introduction-and-reaction portion 2.
[0043] In this way, in the present embodiment, the microchannels in the microchip are formed
in both top surface side and bottom surface side of the reagent introduction-and-reaction
portion 2 and extensional reaction portion 1. That is, the present embodiment is characterized
in that there are two layers of channels.
[0044] Preferably, the material of the organic synthesis reactor is so selected that the
reactor can be used in a temperature range from -70°C to +200°C. To permit mass production
using a molding technique, the reagent introduction-and-reaction portion 2 is preferably
made of a chemical resistant resin such as PEEK (polyetheretherketone), Teflon
™, or Diflon. Preferably, the extensional reaction portion 1 is made of glass or quartz.
[0045] Where viscous reagents are used, the channels inside the reagent introduction-and-reaction
portion 2 tend to be clogged up especially easily. Consequently, it can be anticipated
that the running cost of the reactor in operation will be reduced by designing this
portion tending to be clogged up as a replaceable external part attached to the extensional
reaction portion 1.
Second Embodiment
[0046] Fig. 2 shows an organic synthesis reactor according to another embodiment of the
present invention. Figs. 2a-c show top, bottom and side views, respectively. The reactor
has a reagent inlet portion 22 that is connected at a contact portion 24 with a reagent
reaction portion 21 via a connector jig 23.
[0047] The reagent reaction portion 21 is made of a glass substrate having a thickness of
1 to 5 mm. Microchannels are formed on both surfaces of the glass substrate by wet
etching or drilling. The glass substrate is provided with a through-hole 33 to permit
a reagent solution to flow from the channel in the front surface to the channel in
the rear surface.
[0048] The width and depth of the channels are 50 to 500 µm. The design of the channels
and machining method can be modified according to the purpose of use.
[0049] The glass substrate having the microchannels are then held between two glass plates.
These glass substrate and glass plates are bonded together by thermocompression. The
whole assembly is finished in a cylindrical or prismatic form by a cutting technique.
Alternatively, a glass stock may be machined into a semicylindrical form, and microchannels
may be formed in this semicylindrical form. Preferably, the length of the reagent
reaction portion 21 is 50 to 300 mm. The diameter of the cylindrical form or the maximum
width of the prismatic form is 2 to 10 mm.
[0050] Screw holes are formed in the reagent inlet portion 22 to permit connection of tubes.
Also, channels are formed in the inlet portion 22. When the reagent reaction portion
21 and the reagent inlet portion 22 have been connected, their channels are aligned.
Consequently, a reagent solution can be passed through the channels.
[0051] The connector jig 23 has guide portions to facilitate aligning the reagent reaction
portion 21 and reagent inlet portion 22. The contact portion 24 is surface-treated
or used in combination with a sealant to prevent liquid leakage.
[0052] Three reagent inlet holes 25 are formed in the reagent inlet portion 22 and are in
communication with three reaction liquid channels 27, respectively, formed in the
reagent reaction portion 21.
[0053] Two of the 3 inlet holes 25 meet each other and are combined into one conduit in
the first reaction-and-mixture portion 28. The conduit is in communication with the
first reaction portion 29 of the bent channel, where a first reaction between reagents
is produced. The conduit then meets another reaction liquid channel 27 in the second
reaction-and-mixture portion 30 to form one conduit which is in communication with
the second reaction portion 31 of the bent channel, where a second reaction between
the reagents is induced.
[0054] The second reaction portion 31 is in communication with a detection channel 32 of
the bent channel. The detection channel 32 passes through a through-hole 33 and reaches
the rear side of the reagent reaction portion 21, the through-hole 33 being formed
in the vertical direction. The second reaction liquid then passes into the reaction
liquid discharge hole 35 through a reaction liquid discharge channel 34. The 3 reagent
inlet holes 25 and reaction liquid discharge hole 35 are formed in the same side surface
of the reagent inlet portion 22.
[0055] In this way, in the present embodiment, the microchannels in the microchip are formed
in both top surface side and bottom surface side of the reagent inlet portion 22 and
reagent reaction portion 21. That is, the present embodiment is characterized in that
there are two layers of channels.
[0056] Preferably, the material of the organic synthesis reactor is so selected that the
reactor can be used in a temperature range from -70°C to +200°C. To permit mass production
using a molding technique, the reagent inlet portion 22 is preferably made of a chemical
resistant resin such as PEEK (polyetheretherketone), Teflon
™, or Diflon. Preferably, the reagent reaction portion 21 is made of glass or quartz.
[0057] Where viscous reagents are used, the channels inside the reagent inlet portion 22
tend to be clogged up especially easily. Consequently, it can be anticipated that
the running cost of the reactor in operation will be reduced by designing this portion
tending to be clogged up as a replaceable external part attached to the reagent reaction
portion 21.
Third Embodiment
[0058] Fig. 3 shows an organic synthesis reactor according to a further embodiment of the
present invention. Figs. 3a and 3b show a top and a bottom view, respectively. The
reactor has a reagent inlet portion 52 that is connected at a contact portion 54 with
a reagent reaction portion 51 via a connector jig 53 and using screws 55.
[0059] The reagent reaction portion 51 is made of a glass substrate having a thickness of
1 to 5 mm. Microchannels are formed on both surfaces of the glass substrate by wet
etching or drilling. The glass substrate is provided with a through-hole 64 to permit
a reagent solution to flow from the channel in the front surface to the channel in
the rear surface.
[0060] The width and depth of the channels are 50 to 500 µm. The design of the channels
and machining method can be modified according to the purpose of use.
[0061] The glass substrate having the microchannels are then held between two glass plates.
These glass substrate and glass plates are bonded together by thermocompression. One
end portion of the assembly is cut into an elongated T-shaped form. The end portion
of the reagent reaction portion 51 is shaped like the letter T to press and join the
reagent inlet portion 52 by the connector jig 53. The T-shaped end portion of the
reagent reaction portion 51 is made asymmetrical right and left to prevent the senses
of the reagent reaction portion 51 and reagent inlet portion 52 from being confused
when they are connected. The connector jig 53 has a structure for recognizing the
asymmetrical portion or an asymmetrical fitting portion.
[0062] Screw holes are formed in the reagent inlet portion 52 to permit connection of tubes.
Also, channels are formed in the inlet portion 52. When the reagent reaction portion
51 and the reagent inlet portion 52 have been connected, their channels are aligned.
Consequently, a reagent solution can be passed through the channels. The contact portion
54 is surface-treated or used in combination with a sealant to prevent liquid leakage.
[0063] Three reagent inlet holes 56 are formed in the reagent inlet portion 52 and are in
communication via three reagent inlet channels 57, respectively, with three reaction
liquid channels 58, respectively, formed in the reagent reaction portion 51.
[0064] Two of the 3 inlet holes 56 meet each other and are combined into one conduit in
the first reaction-and-mixture portion 59. The conduit is in communication with the
first reaction portion 60 of the bent channel, where a first reaction between reagents
is produced. The conduit then meets another reaction liquid channel in the second
reaction-and-mixture portion 61 to form one conduit which is in communication with
the second reaction portion 62 of the bent channel, where a second reaction between
the reagents is induced.
[0065] The second reaction portion 62 is in communication with a detection channel 63 of
the bent channel. The second reaction liquid passes through a through-hole 64 and
reaches the rear side of the reagent reaction portion 62, the through-hole 64 being
formed in the vertical direction. The second reaction liquid then passes into the
reaction liquid discharge hole 66 through a reaction liquid discharge channel 65.
The 3 reagent inlet holes 56 and reaction liquid discharge hole 66 are formed in the
same side surface of the reagent inlet portion 52.
[0066] In this way, in the present embodiment, the microchannels in the microchip are formed
in both top surface side and bottom surface side of the reagent inlet portion 52 and
reagent reaction portion 51. That is, the present embodiment is characterized in that
there are two layers of channels.
[0067] Preferably, the material of the organic synthesis reactor is so selected that the
reactor can be used in a temperature range from -70°C to +200°C. To permit mass production
using a molding technique, the reagent inlet portion 52 is preferably made of a chemical
resistant resin such as PEEK (polyetheretherketone), Teflon
™, or Diflon. Preferably, the reagent reaction portion 51 is made of glass or quartz.
[0068] Where viscous reagents are used, the channels inside the reagent inlet portion 52
tend to be clogged up especially easily. Consequently, it can be anticipated that
the running cost of the reactor in operation will be reduced by designing this portion
tending to be clogged up as a replaceable external part attached to the reagent reaction
portion 51.
Fourth Embodiment
[0069] Fig. 4 shows one embodiment of the present invention in which such an organic synthesis
reactor is mounted in various analytical instruments. Liquid delivery modules 36,
37, and 38 such as syringe pumps are connected with the organic synthesis reactor
by tubes such as capillaries.
[0070] Reagent solutions sent out from the liquid delivery modules 36 and 37 are mixed by
a mixing portion 28 where channels intersect. The solutions are reacted in a first
reaction portion 29. The reagent solutions reacted in the first reaction portion are
mixed with a reagent introduced from the liquid delivery module 38 in a mixing portion
30 located immediately behind the first reaction portion 29. Thus, a second stage
of reaction is induced in a second reaction portion 31. Instead of the reagent, a
reaction inhibitor or diluting solvent may be introduced from the liquid delivery
module 38. The reaction liquid obtained in the second reaction portion 31 is introduced
into a detection channel 32, where the reaction products are detected by a thermal
lens microscope 39. Then, the reaction liquid is discharged out of the organic synthesis
reactor from a reaction liquid discharge hole 35 through a through-hole 33 and through
a reaction liquid discharge channel 34 in the rear surface. The liquid is then recovered.
Fifth Embodiment
[0071] Fig. 5 shows an embodiment of the present invention in which the organic synthesis
reactor is mounted in an NMR spectrometer. The organic synthesis reactor can be directly
attached to the NMR spectrometer 40 of normal construction. The reactor and liquid
delivery modules are connected by tubes such as capillaries. The reactor is mounted
to an NMR sample tube holder having a diameter of 5 mm and to a rotor and inserted
into an NMR probe having a diameter of 5 mm (finding the widest use). Under this condition,
the reactor is used instead of an NMR sample tube. The organic synthesis reactor may
also be combined with an electron spin resonance (ESR) spectrometer by a similar method.
Sixth Embodiment
[0072] Fig. 6 shows an embodiment of the present invention in which the organic synthesis
reactor is mounted in a mass spectrometer. With the organic synthesis reactor, MS
detection can be easily performed simply by connecting a nano-electrospray nozzle
41 to a reaction liquid discharge hole 35. The operation regarding introduction of
reagents is the same as in the third and fourth embodiments. In this embodiment, the
reaction liquid is discharged from the nano-electrospray nozzle. Mass spectra of the
reaction products within the reaction liquid can be measured by electrospray ionization
caused by application of a high voltage.
[0073] The present invention can find wide application in research into organic synthesis
and reactions.
1. An apparatus for organic synthesis and reactions, the apparatus being adapted to mix
plural fluids in a quite small space and to cause the fluids to react with each other
at multiple stages, said apparatus comprising:
an introduction portion which introduces plural reagents from plural channels and
which, when a need arises, mixes and reacts the reagents; and
a reaction portion disconnectably connected with the introduction portion and acting
to cause a reagent or reaction liquid introduced from the introduction portion to
mix and react with other reagent;
wherein said introduction portion has (a) an inlet channel for introducing a reagent,
which is introduced from the outside, into said reaction portion and (b) a first discharge
channel for discharging the reaction liquid, which is discharged from said reaction
portion, to the outside; and
wherein said reaction portion has (a) a reaction channel in communication with said
inlet channel and acting to cause plural reagents sent in from the inlet channel to
mix and react with each other and (b) a second discharge channel for placing the reaction
channel and the first discharge channel in communication with each other to return
reaction liquid produced in the reaction channel into the introduction portion.
2. An apparatus for organic synthesis and reactions as set forth in claim 1, wherein
said introduction portion is a microchip made of a substrate made of a chemical resistant
resin and provided with microchannels, and wherein said reaction portion is a microchip
made of a substrate of glass or quartz and provided with microchannels.
3. An apparatus for organic synthesis and reactions as set forth in any one of claims
1 and 2, wherein said introduction portion has inlet holes for introducing reagents
and a discharge hole for discharging the reaction liquid, and wherein the inlet holes
and the discharge hole are flush with each other.
4. An apparatus for organic synthesis and reactions as set forth in claim 2, wherein
said microchannels are formed in both surfaces of a substrate of glass or quartz by
wet etching or drilling, and wherein the apparatus is finished by holding the channeled
substrate between two plates of glass or quartz and bonding together the substrate
and plates by thermocompression after formation of the microchannels.
5. An apparatus for organic synthesis and reactions as set forth in claim 4, wherein
said substrate has a thickness of 1 to 5 mm.
6. An apparatus for organic synthesis and reactions as set forth in claim 2, wherein
said reaction portion assumes a cylindrical or prismatic form having a length of 50
to 300 mm and a maximum width of 2 to 10 mm.
7. An apparatus for organic synthesis and reactions as set forth in any one of claims
2 and 4, wherein said microchannels have a width and a depth of 50 to 500 µm.
8. An apparatus for organic synthesis and reactions as set forth in any one of claims
1 and 2, wherein said reaction portion has a detection portion for use with an analytical
instrument for analyzing the reaction liquid.
9. An apparatus for organic synthesis and reactions as set forth in claim 8, wherein
said analytical instrument is at least one of NMR, ESR, and thermal lens microscope.
10. An apparatus for organic synthesis and reactions as set forth in claim 3, wherein
an electrospray nozzle for use with a mass spectrometer for analyzing the reaction
liquid is mounted in the discharge hole in said introduction portion.