(19) |
|
|
(11) |
EP 1 605 111 B1 |
(12) |
EUROPEAN PATENT SPECIFICATION |
(45) |
Mention of the grant of the patent: |
|
18.07.2007 Bulletin 2007/29 |
(22) |
Date of filing: 07.06.2005 |
|
(51) |
International Patent Classification (IPC):
|
|
(54) |
Modular system and joint for the construction of extensive frameworks
Modulares System und Verbindung für die Konstruktion von Rahmenwerken
Système modulaire et connexion pour la construction des structures
|
(84) |
Designated Contracting States: |
|
AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB GR HU IE IS IT LI LT LU MC NL PL PT RO SE SI
SK TR |
(30) |
Priority: |
10.06.2004 IT FI20040130 10.06.2004 IT FI20040131
|
(43) |
Date of publication of application: |
|
14.12.2005 Bulletin 2005/50 |
(73) |
Proprietors: |
|
- Capperucci, Donatella
53036 Poggibonsi - Siena (IT)
- Consani, Franco
53036 Poggibonsi (Siena) (IT)
|
|
(72) |
Inventor: |
|
- Consani, Franco
53036 Poggibonsi (SI) (IT)
|
(74) |
Representative: Bardini, Marco Luigi et al |
|
c/o Società Italiana Brevetti S.p.A.
Corso dei Tintori, 25 50122 Firenze 50122 Firenze (IT) |
(56) |
References cited: :
GB-A- 832 306 US-A- 4 671 693
|
US-A- 3 688 461
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Note: Within nine months from the publication of the mention of the grant of the European
patent, any person may give notice to the European Patent Office of opposition to
the European patent
granted. Notice of opposition shall be filed in a written reasoned statement. It shall
not be deemed to
have been filed until the opposition fee has been paid. (Art. 99(1) European Patent
Convention).
|
[0001] The present invention relates to the field of buildings. More particularly it refers
to a new system and a connecting joint thereof, for the construction of general composite
structures, namely frameworks with extensive texture, which can be used autonomously
or in association with new or pre-existing masonry structures.
[0002] Metallic structures are known, which are designed for various applications that envisage
the bi-dimensional or three-dimensional composition of linear elements or beams via
nodal joints of various typologies. Traditionally, included among the requirements
that these structure and nodal joints must satisfy, there are construction simplicity
(possibly with a limited number of modular components) and the possibility to accomplish
a certain range of different angles between the linear elements.
[0003] US-A-3 688 461 discloses (see for example Fig. 10), a connecting joint and a system for the construction
of a framework only in triangle-grid lattice comprising respectively all of the features
of the preambles of claims 17 and 1.
[0004] In the building field, these structures consists almost exclusively of lattices,
and they are designed to construct massive surfaces or covers. None of them is expressly
designed to be distributed in, and integrated with, masonry walls in order to extensively
increase their structural ductility, or even statically replace them. On the other
hand, it is precisely this distributed association that makes most important the satisfaction
of the above mentioned requirements, and in particular the possibility of varying
the angle between the beams. In fact, for the coupling between framework and masonry
wall to be effective, the first must develop extensively over the second, that is
to say the framework must extensively follow the development of the wall, both with
regard to the planimetry and the altimetry and thickness, according to a dense and
three-dimensional network texture.
[0005] Since it is precisely the versatility with which it can adapt to the most varying
developments and conformations that is typical of masonry wall structures, a more
effective result can clearly be achieved the greater the configuration freedom is
with which the framework can develop three-dimensionally, both as a whole, and in
every single mesh composing the net. A framework of this kind might then reconstitute
a wall, following different depths (even locally) to simulate different thicknesses.
In the same way, it might reconstitute a surface or a general figure, having also
its own structural efficiency, which would be the one typical of load-bearing skeleton
structures, with rigid connections between the elements. Such configuration freedom
would obviously also remain usable for constructing composite lattice structures.
[0006] A more specific need of the above mentioned constructions, which is generally not
met, concerns the possibility of maintaining the nodal joint, after installation,
open to the possibility of joining new and additional beams onto it, to make the net-like
structure, in its whole, subject to enlargements, modifications or integrations after
the initial setup.
[0007] Also in case of integration with masonry structures, this possibility would enable
the framework, in particular, to continue to be fit to the said structure when it
undergoes changes in shape or use, or when it faces altered load conditions in relation
to the original configuration. In general terms, then, the possibility of enlarging
and reconfiguring a generally composite structure, at a later time and with the maximum
flexibility, can have a positive influence on the costs of managing and reusing the
constructions, so the very structure and the relative nodal joints must be particularly
effective in this regard.
[0008] It is the object of the present invention to provide a structural system with extensive
texture of the type that was generally referred to above, which, in particular thanks
to a nodal joint with new characteristics, allows at least the following results to
be reached at the same time and at the highest degree:
- a structure that is assemblable by repetition of a reduced number of components having
reduced sizes;
- flexibility of use in various fields of use, as far as the structural configurations
and shapes are concerned, and as for the spatial orientation of the beams;
- efficiency in relation to the multiple types of stress that the structure is called
to bear, and which the nodal joints must transmit, both if the structure is designed
to work autonomously and in association with masonry structures;
- modifiability of the structure and of the already installed nodal joint thereof, in
terms of allowing the joints to withstand variations of the same structure guaranteeing
continued service (that is without particular limitations of the effectiveness or
use of the construction, and without making complex operations of disassembly necessary);
- easy installation and accessibility of the components of the structure also in the
presence of masonry works;
- feasibility in metal materials by cold working, particularly cutting, curving, folding
work and other basic workshop machining.
[0009] The present invention actually reaches the above mentioned results, with a system
whose basic characteristics are defined in the first of the attached claims. A joint
used in the system is essentially characterised by what is defined in claim 17.
[0010] The characteristics and advantages of the assemblable system and joint for constructing
extensive frameworks according to the present invention will become clearer from the
following description of its embodiments, which are given by way of example and not
limiting, with reference to the accompanying drawings, wherein:
- figure 1 shows an axonometric view of a nodal joint according to the invention;
- figure 2 is an exploded view of the joint in figure 1;
- figures 3 and 4 show a front view and an exploded, axonometric view of a nodal joint
according to the invention, in a construction embodiment which is different compared
to the one in figures 1 and 2;
- figure 5 schematically shows a portion of extensive texture, which reconstitutes a
wall, and according to said texture a typical module of the framework according to
the invention;
- figure 6 represents an exploded, axonometric view of a portion of the framework in
figure 5, and in particular a relevant nodal joint that is basically referable to
the one in figures 3 and 4;
- figure 7 represents a top view of a nodal joint of the framework in figure 6;
- figure 8 shows once again an axonometric view of a portion of the framework analogous
to the one in the figures from 5 to 7, integrated into a masonry structure;
- figure 9 schematically represents an example of integration between a structure according
to the previous figures and new or pre-existing masonry walls of a hypothetical building;
- figure 10 is a detail of a configuration similar to the one in figure 9, relating
to the structure according to the invention in relation to an intervention of underpinning;
- figure 11 schematically represents a portion of a different framework, textured for
the reconstruction of a vault with a certain thickness, based on a nodal joint according
to the invention;
- figure 12 shows a further different texture related to a three-dimensional, net-like
structure, with nodal joints referable to those shown in figures 1 and 2;
- figure 13 is, again, a portion of framework according to the previous figures, strengthened
with the addition of further joints and beams;
- figures from 14 to 16 show - by means of schematic, axonometric representations -
various additional structural solutions based on the nodal joint according to the
invention, in particular in the embodiment of figures 3 and 4;
- figures 17 and 18 show further structural solutions again based on the use of a nodal
joint according to the invention; and
- figures 19 and 20 are a front view and an enlarged, axonometric view, respectively,
of a nodal joint according to the invention, in a still further embodiment.
[0011] With reference to figures 1 and 2, a first, generic example is provided of a joint
according to the invention, which is intended, in the depicted configuration, for
the connection between beams converging in the joint itself, in particular comprising
four coplanar and mutually orthogonal beams (X axes), and four beams arranged according
to the corner edges (Y axes) of an imaginary straight pyramid with a quadrilateral
base, with the apex on the joint and the height orthogonally arranged with respect
to the plane of the previous four beams.
[0012] According to the invention, the joint is made by using three basic components: a
core 1 consisting in a tubular body with a polygonal section, octagonal in the example
as a function of the overall number of the beams, to be arranged so that the X, Y
axes of the same beams each radially meets a corresponding corner edge of the core
and the relative longitudinal axis (indicated at Z); dismountable collars 2 to be
arranged coaxially with the tubular core 1 tightening it on the outside, which exhibit
laminar wings 21 protruding radially from respective longitudinal corner edges, again
whose number and angle correspond to that of the X, Y axes of the beams converging
in the joint; and generally curved arms 3 (basically in a C that is relatively narrow
depending on the requested angle of opening) arranged outside the collars 2, each
for the mutual flexural connection between two consecutive beams converging in the
joint, as will be discussed in greater detail hereafter.
[0013] Going into further detail, a collar 2 comprises a pair of semi-elements 4 each comprising
a central gut-like portion 4a, congruent in relation to the external surface of the
tubular core 1 onto which the semi-elements 4 are to be locked. The previously mentioned
laminar wings 21 are defined by plates 4b, 4c, which extend integrally from the convex
surface of the central portion 4a, in an intermediate position (plates 4b), and from
the two ends (plates 4c) of it, respectively.
[0014] More precisely, the two end plates 4c of a semi-element 4 couple with corresponding
end plates 4c of the other semi-element 4, possibly in a distanced relationship due
to a spacer, to form cooperating two wings 21; in this example, two plates 4b are
mutually coupled in the same way, but it is clear that one single intermediate plate
4b of a suitable thickness can constitute a wing 21 by itself. The connection between
the end plates 4c of two different semi-elements is made by means of boltings (not
represented), which are inserted into holes 5 formed near the junction with the central
portion 4a.
[0015] In addition to the locking action determined by the mutual tightening of the two
semi-elements 4, the collar is stabilized around the core 1 against possible mutual
sliding also with the cooperation of screwing elements, fixed radially into holes
6, 7 formed to the purpose, respectively, in the core and in the central portion 4a.
In relation to the possible uses of the internal cavity defined by the core, which
will discuss in further detail later on, the advancement position of said screwing
elements can be adjusted thanks to a small slab 32 fixed on the outside of the same
portion 4a, in turn provided with a threaded hole 32a. This adjustment aims to ensure
that the cavity of the core can stay free from any obstruction.
[0016] As mentioned, the arms 3 have the function of ensuring the flexural connection in
the common plane defined by two angularly consecutive beams (the reference is to an
imaginary rotation movement on a normal plane at the axis of the tubular core 1, and
centered on the same axis). An arm 3 is basically a linear member bent into a C with
straight end segments 3a, which is arranged in the outer space defined by two consecutive
wings 21 and by the central portion part 4a comprised between them; in fact, the arm
3 is set between two wings 21 with the convexity facing the collar, practically resting
beside the same. As in the example, the arm can be simply a tubular bar with circular
cross-section.
[0017] When the arm 3 is mounted, the straight end segments 3a are arranged parallel to
the wings 21, and can protrude slightly from them in a radial direction; however,
they are not in contact with the wings 21, since they are distanced therefrom to some
extent, as will be explained shortly. The connection between the arm and the beams
is carried out via the aforesaid end segments 3a. In particular, the end segments
3a are to be inserted coaxially for a suitable length in respective hollow tubular
pieces 11 of the beams, in this case having an open cross-section. Engaging with respective
pieces 11, the straight end segments 3a will be distanced from the respective wings
because of the interposition of a wall of the aforesaid pieces 11.
[0018] Small plaques 10 are welded outside the wings 21 near the relative central portions
4a of the semi-elements 4, to provide an abutment for the ends of the tubular pieces
11.
[0019] The fastening of the elements 3, 11, 21 is carried out simultaneously. In fact, thanks
to holes 8, 9 formed respectively at least near the ends of the arms and/or in the
end segments 3a as well as in a peripheral position on the wings 21, connecting bolts
with nuts (not represented) are inserted via the same holes 8, 9, mutually connecting
arms 3 and wings 21, thereby also establishing the continuity between the same arms
and the pieces 11. In fact, the bolts are inserted at the same time in holes 12, which
the pieces 11 exhibit in a suitable position near the end. So, as can be seen from
the figures, the mutual alignment of the holes 8, 9 and 12 can allow the simultaneous
fastening, in one single assembly, of a wing 21, of the pieces 11, and of two end
segments 3a already inserted in the pieces and which are now stabilised, consequently
securing respective arms 3 arranged on the two opposite faces of the wing.
[0020] In practice, thanks to the arms 3, at the same time as the fastening to each wing
of the beam converging to it, it is also possible to set up the possible flexural
cooperation of the collar 2 in the part included between each wing 21 and the adjacent
wing 21.
[0021] The pieces 11 are clearly made available in a pair by each beam, and they can be
an integral part of the beam itself, or be connected to it by means of a suitable
connection system.
[0022] From this first example, it is already apparent that the configuration of the nodal
joint can vary according to the number and arrangement of beams converging to the
same joint. These variations will clearly affect the various components, namely the
polygonal section of the core 1, the number of the wings 21 as well as their angle
to adapt to the angle of incidence of the beams. Consequently, the spatial orientation
and opening angle of the arms 3 will vary, in accordance with the respective pieces
11 connected to them. For example, it should be noted how the collar 2 which is arranged
in a lower position in the figures, which is designed for the connection with the
Y axis beams non orthogonal to the axis of the core, has wings 21 with holes 9 and
abutment plaques 10 distributed with a suitable configuration so as to be in accordance
with an essentially diagonal orientation of the beams and relative pieces 11, in relation
to the plates 4c. The wings 21 can also have an outline that is tapered or nonetheless
shaped differently from the simple quadrilateral profile, to create the best adaptation
possible to the specific mounting needs.
[0023] Now, with reference to figures 3 and 4, a joint according to the invention is represented
in a different embodiment, and in a simplified configuration if compared to the joint
in figures 1 and 2. The components, which are the same or correspond to those of the
previously described joint, are designated by corresponding reference numerals, and
will not be described again.
[0024] In this case, the joint is designed for joining four beams that converge in the same
joint coplanarly, angled at 90° one in relation to the next. Therefore, one single
collar 2 is used, consisting of two semi-elements 4, which altogether define four
wings 21. With regard to these latter, it can be noted that each semi-element 4 defines
two separate, intermediate plates 4b, which give the intermediate wing too a double,
sandwich structure. In fact, spacers 13, in this case perforated and near the holes
9 (but they can be repeated also near the holes 5), are employed for spacing the two
plates composing each wing 21.
[0025] On the outside of the central portions 4a of the semi-elements 4, also respective
U-shaped brackets 14 are connected, in the space between two consecutive wings 21.
The brackets 14 are arranged with their base resting on the relative semi-element
and are provided with holes 15 on the side walls, for the connection, possibly articulated,
of further diagonal rod members, not represented and the function of which will be
discussed further on.
[0026] The brackets 14 can be connected to the semi-elements 4, as in the example, by locking
elements 16, 17, which are suitably perforated. The same holes 5 used for the mutual
connection of the end plates 4c are used for the anchorage of the locking elements
16, 17, along with holes 18 that are specifically formed in the intermediate plates
4b, the spacers 13 being as well suitably perforated. In this regard, it is clear
that, once initially mounted the locking elements 17, the brackets 14 and the locking
elements 16 can also be added later on.
[0027] Turning back to the tubular core 1, the cross-section thereof is in this case a quadrilateral
rhomboidal one, and the axial length reduced, as only one collar 2 need be supported.
In figure 4 it can be seen that the core 1 is suitable for permitting the coaxial
insertion of, and engagement with, a traverse, which is, in turn, preferably tubular,
and nonetheless lockable, like the core, by means of a screw element (not represented
here, but similar to an element 23 that will be mentioned shortly). The traverse can
thus constitute a joining element between the joint itself and a second joint with
a similar or comparable configuration.
[0028] In practice, thanks to a suitable axial extension, the tubular traverse, indicated
at 19, can be shared by two coaxial joints, connecting them structurally. Despite
keeping the possibility to receive a traverse 19, it can also be the core itself to
act directly as a connecting traverse between two joints, thanks to a suitable extension.
This second possibility will be used particularly if the two joints are installed
at the same time, whilst the first option will clearly be preferred in case of a joint
added after a pre-existing joint.
[0029] Now, with reference to the figures from 5 to 12, the advantageous characteristics
of the above described joint according to the invention will be fully shown with particular
reference to the construction of a structural system with frames arranged according
to an extensive texture, fully satisfying the requirements mentioned in the introductory
part.
[0030] Figure 5 represents a texture established in advance according to what is requested,
depending on the structural configuration to be reconstituted, in this case a simple
wall. The texture, basically a double net of generically rectangular meshes, one for
each face of the wall, interconnected in correspondence to the vertices, is represented
with dashed lines and indicated at R.
[0031] An extensive framework can therefore be developed, following the texture R, by repetition
of single three-dimensional frames, wherein the beams, now indicated at T, and the
tubular traverses 19 are mutually connected by nodal joints according to the invention.
Therefore, this single frame is a sort of minimum unit or module by repetition of
which the structure can increase itself. In fact, the figure represents a module adjacent
to a corner of the wall. In addition to the beams T, the module comprises four joints
for each face of the wall, respectively joined by traverses 19, all according to a
configuration which, in the example, is basically parallelepiped with a trapezium
base, in which the beams T define the faces of the wall, and the traverses 19 are
arranged in the direction of the thickness.
[0032] The joints of the module in figure 5 basically correspond to the one in figures 3
and 4. Figure 6 represents in greater detail two joints mutually joined by a tubular
traverse 19. However, in this case, according to an embodiment already envisaged,
it is the traverse itself which defines the core of the joints, and the semi-elements
4, which compose the collars 2 of the same joints, are directly locked onto the traverse.
[0033] The previously mentioned various elements of nuts and bolts are also partially represented
in the same figure 6, amongst which, in particular, bolts 20 for fastening arms 3,
pieces 11 and wings 21, and bolts 22 for the mutual connection of the two semi-elements
4 of the collars 2, now with interposed shaped spacers 13. Screws 23 are also visible,
which prevent the reciprocal sliding between the same semi-elements 4 and the traverse
19, thanks to the holes 6 this time formed directly in the traverse.
[0034] The depth of the collars 2 and the connections with the screw elements 20 and 22
show that they can transmit flexural stresses to the traverse, and so in the various
planes defined by the same traverse 19 with respective beams T. Therefore, further
mutual rigid connections are developed between the various elements of the texture,
the whole assembly being generally equivalent to a three-dimensional frame.
[0035] With simple constructive variations, the joint according to the invention may suit
any type of angle between the beams. Figure 7 represents joints in a configuration
similar to the one in figure 6, wherein it is possible to follow a corner edge such
as the one determined by the texture in figure 5, thanks to a suitable shaping of
the collars 2 and wings 21,and if necessary - and as represented here - of the ends
of the tubular traverses 19.
[0036] The adaptability of the joint to the different angle between the beams and/or the
traverses appears even more clearly if reference is made to figure 11, wherein the
structure reconstitutes a portion of a circular vault with a given thickness, using
joints that are referable to those previously represented in figure 7. It can be appreciated
that in this case the section of the traverses 19 may not be constant, in other words
it may taper moving from the outside towards the inside of the vault. Moreover, the
joints can take on different configurations from one side to the other, in response
to a variation of construction details, for example if rectilinear or curved beams
are used.
[0037] By suitably adapting the opening angles of the various arms 3, regulating the shape
of the collars on the terminals of the traverse, and again adjusting the angle of
incidence of the wings 21 in relation to the central axis of the collars (on an axial
plane and on a diametric plane), it is nonetheless possible to obtain corner edges
with the most varied angles.
[0038] It is clear from the above that the framework according to the invention is particularly
suitable for extensively following the conformation of practically generic masonry
structures, and therefore for being used in association with them, not only in new
buildings, but also in pre-existing structures.
[0039] In fact, with reference to figure 8, if a masonry wall P has to be consolidated,
a particularly simple procedure permits to associate to the same wall P beams T arranged
on the two faces of the wall according to a predetermined texture (possibly housed
in grooves formed in the wall to this purpose), with the traverses 19 inserted in
through holes F formed between the faces to join the beams extending on the surface.
The result is immediately comprehensible from the same figure 8, in which the surface
beams were then also hidden by a cover Q.
[0040] These assembly mounting steps are assisted by the characteristics of the system according
to the invention, in that the framework can easily adapt to wall structures of any
shape and development, and with its reduced size, both with regard to the section
of the beams and the dimensions of the nodal joints, it can be inserted in the wall
without compromising its continuity and intrinsic stability. Moreover, the joints
can also be assembled by working from the outside of the wall, with techniques that
are compatible with the limitations determined by the presence of the wall itself.
[0041] As can be seen from the schematic example in figure 9, the succession of the framework
modules, which are all the same or even different from one another, will enable the
obtainment of extensive textures R having the most varied configurations, and consequently
reproducing the development and the structure of the walls of a building E, whatever
their thickness, planimetric or altimetrical development. It is also clear that any
textures used in basically similar ways provide for a dimensional consistency of the
various components of the structure, including joints, which consequently can be generally
and essentially repeated. Figure 10 also shows how the framework, along with the masonry
wall, can easily relate to the ground or to other underpinning structures S, being
concealed in them or leaning against them. The presence of the frame does not pose
any particular obstacle to the realisation of these underpinning structures.
[0042] From the examples of level or angled walls discussed so far, basically making use
of parallelepiped modules, or from the example of a vault structure, such as the one
defined by the modules of the framework in figure 11, basically with a truncated pyramid
shape (and nonetheless assembled on the basis of a joint analogous to the previous
examples), it is clear that the framework can follow and reconstruct different configurations,
which are defined by - and expand by way of - successive three-dimensional modules.
[0043] Even more generally speaking, the structure can be developed according to a surface
that is essentially lacking in thickness (in other words without actual traverses,
as previously shown with the examples in figures 3 and 4), with or without auxiliary
panels, in all cases the shape of the structure itself being nonetheless the result
of a succession of generic frame modules. Moreover, there is the possibility for some
parts of the structure to shift from a bi-dimensional configuration to a three-dimensional
one (by adjusting the length of the traverses and/or doubling the structure), for
example in areas where the greatest stresses are generated, increasing the thickness
of the structure locally and at will. In practice, part of the structure will be set
up with a bi-dimensional development via joints configured as in figure 3, and part
three-dimensionally with a configuration such as the one in figure 6, all connected
by beams and joints of a suitable construction.
[0044] On the other hand, the freedom and versatility with which it is possible to configure
the structure according to the invention is practically total, as can be seen from
figure 12, which shows how the structure, and in particular the joint, can easily
copy a net-like texture R, typical of massive metal skeleton covers, via pyramidal
modules with a square base, using joints configured as in the first example, that
is the one in figures 1 and 2.
[0045] Now, with reference to the figures from 13 to 16, the nodal joint according to the
invention makes it possible to extend and reconfigure the structure at a later time
and always with maximum flexibility, both in general terms and in case of association
with masonry walls. Besides the previously mentioned option of arranging rod members
along a diagonal directions by using elements such as the brackets 14 or the like,
it is noticeable from figure 13 that a framework previously formed can be extended
in the direction of the axes of joints, by coaxially engaging in the traverses 19
(or cores 1) that are already installed, additional traverses 19 with a suitable section
in relation with the available cavity. In this way - basically - the extension of
the first traverse is prolonged, and a support is provided for mounting one (as in
the example) or more supplementary levels of beams T.
[0046] Besides locally following subsequent thickenings of a wall, this last possibility
can clearly be exploited both for enlargements and for strengthening, of a permanent
or temporary nature. In any case, the subsequent intervention leaves the existing
structure unaltered, and can be carried out without any kind of dismantling or demolition.
[0047] Other similar examples are shown in the figures from 14 to 16. In particular, figures
14 and 15 represent (in an exploded assembly and in the final configuration of installation,
respectively) a temporary consolidation realised according to a modification to the
original configuration of the skeleton. A tubular traverse 19 engages with, and becomes
the connection between, three cores 1 of respective joints. These joints are thus
arranged in close axial succession, and the various levels of beams T converging to
the joints, overlap each other forming a structure which is tripled if compared with
a hypothetical, original single structure (in the same way it is possible to increase
the load bearing capacity of an existing skeleton). This original structure can also
be dismantled without the whole construction losing its effectiveness, and it can
subsequently be restored, for example with different texture or beams.
[0048] The doubled configuration in figure 16 is again basically similar to those just seen.
However, it is possible to note how the pieces 11 are made available as pairs of terminal
elements projecting axially from an actual beam T' with a quadrilateral section. Moreover,
it is possible to see that the joint allows enlargements, in other words extensions
of the structure, also on the same planes over which it is already extended.
[0049] With reference then to figures 17 and 18, these illustrate other possibilities of
development or useful employment of the framework, again made possible by the axially
hollow shape of the core 1 and/or by the tubular traverse 19 of the joint. In figure
17, again on the basis of a joint similar to the one in the previous figures, in a
structure associated with a masonry wall portion, it can be observed that the core
1 is equipped with a plug 24, that can be locked inside it by a fastening system similar
to the screws 23 mentioned above (not represented here), defining seats 25 for inserting
bars 26 that can be used as a support for setting up temporary scaffolding or as reference
for auxiliary guide systems, e.g. for forming grooves or passages on the wall structure
with which the framework can be coupled.
[0050] Figure 18 shows that the core of the joint can directly be made up in a composite
form, if necessary with tubular portions, provided they ensure the presence of terminal
cavities, so that there can be carried out the engagement techniques according to
what is described above. It has to be stressed, in particular, that a generic traverse
can be made up by means of two transversal elements 28, here with a tubular shape
and triangular section, with axes out of alignment in relation to the joint.
[0051] The two aforesaid transversal elements 28 comprise terminal tails 27, whose axes
are instead parallel to that of the joint. In this case, two more tails 27 are added
in the joint itself so as to suitably fill the engagement section to be locked by
the collar, and eventually a single tubular end portion is obtained from which two
(or more) transversal elements 28 irradiate, obliquely in relation to the axis of
the joint, with a variable inclination depending on the need (always with a view to
adapting the framework to diverse structural needs).
[0052] From the same figure 18 and from the previous figure 17 it will be apparent that
the cavity of the core 1 can receive plug elements with different configurations,
for example in the shape of a cross (or other similar ones) also intended solely for
purposes of stiffening. These integrations and reinforcements, even if limited to
the core, and consequently to the interior of the joint, are possible at any time,
fully reflecting the aims of modularity and modifiability of the joint itself and
the structure. In a more general sense, but in the same way, it is possible to insert
and connect projecting parts and beams of other structures or use the cavity for the
passage of still different elements.
[0053] Thus, although the tubular shape is considered preferable for obvious reasons of
lightness and productive economy, both the cores 1 and the traverses 19 can generally
also have other structures, in other words be created integrally with plugs of various
configurations and of a different nature, or be obtained in different ways and with
different materials. For example, the traverses can have central regions similar to
the reinforcement frames for concrete.
[0054] From all of the above described examples, it is clear that the invention fully attains
the stated objects, by providing a system which, with a relatively limited number
of standardizable components, makes it possible to build load bearing frameworks,
composing them module after module, the frameworks being capable of working both autonomously
and in association with wall structures, nonetheless preserving the individual specific
features of modifiability, with a versatility of use and an adaptability to the specific
structural needs without comparisons in the prior art.
[0055] Even when the installation of the framework has been completed, also in the presence
of masonry parts, the easy accessibility to the beams and the connections of the joints
is guaranteed, since they remain nonetheless both arranged near the outside; that
is, it is possible to work on the components, without operations of disassembly, with
the object of achieving further expansions, consolidations and modifications of the
framework, which can also be carried out without any substantial interruptions in
the load bearing function, thanks of the previously described techniques for strengthening
the structure.
[0056] The encumber and weight of the nodal elements and the beams is negligible and so,
as previously mentioned, they do not hinder the execution of works simultaneous or
subsequent to their first installation; also thanks to the above indicated operative
possibilities and exploitations, it is therefore also easy to work in restrained spaces,
and plan restoration in different ways, for example with extensive and progressive
interventions or in areas to be rejoined successively, as well as with basically reversible
methods.
[0057] Although the feasibility with relatively economic ordinary working, such as workshop
cold working on commercial metal materials represents an advantageous possibility
offered by the invention, it is clear that there is no limitation regarding the material
and working techniques that can be used.
[0058] A multiplicity of variations, dictated by the flexibility and versatility guaranteed
by the joint according to the invention can be applied beyond what is proposed in
the previously described examples. For further exemplification, with reference to
the figures 19 and 20, it is to be noted how, as in any case already stated, it is
possible to satisfy the need to connect generically oriented beams (in this case coplanarly
arranged) by opportunely shaping the cross section of the core 1, which can for example
take on a generically irregular polygon configuration, such as those of the aforesaid
figures.
[0059] In response to this, the shape of the collar 2, or the shape of the relative semi-element
components 4 will undergo modifications, and with this the number and angle of the
wings 21 - in this case six wings are used - and lastly the shape and angular opening
of the arms 3. With regard to this last point, it is possible to see how the arms
3 that are sharper (in other words with a more acute angle), have a composite structure
rather than tubular, in particular formed by two parallel bands 30 joined by a series
of transversal blocks 31. The end segments 3a are inserted into pieces 11 that are
now tubular, but equivalent cavities for engagement with the end segments 3a can generally
be provided by the beams with other structural devices.
[0060] Brackets 14 with various conformations can be seen, with holes 15 for connecting
auxiliary diagonal bars, or for inserting pins 29 fixed with screws 33 or other similar
ways. The pins 29, having a suitable thickness for providing an abutment to the arms
3, can assist in transmitting the rotation from the collars 2 to the core 1 and
vice versa.
[0061] Finally, it can be deduced that no orthogonality or specific regularity is needed
between the axis of the core and those of the beams, and nor are there any particular
limits to their number. Furthermore, the great modularity and multiplicity of functions
that the joint exhibits permit the very modifiability of the whole structure.
[0062] If a transmission of flexural stress is not required between two or more adjacent
beams, the relevant arms 3 can be omitted, thus exploiting the fact that the joint
is composed of different elements. In this regard, if
vice versa resort is made to hollow end segments 3a of one same arm, and to open pieces 11,
it will also be easy to insert one diagonal connection thereof afterwards, and consequently
to strengthen the single arm 3.
[0063] By means of the spacers 13 it is possible to adapt wings and collars to the distance
between the pieces 11 of a beam. The joint restores the continuity between the coplanar
beams which converge there, so with appropriate texture and appropriate traverse sections,
even when the structure is extended in the three dimensions, it can basically realise
an overall grid of beams. The same structures can be realised and modified according
to the most various needs, also and above all thanks to the adaptability of the joint
according to the present invention.
[0064] The various proposed examples of modification, expansion or other, which refer to
frame-like structures, can likewise be repeated in latticework, or even independently
from a predetermined texture. The various constructive solutions can basically be
combined with each other making the joint suitable at best for any particular circumstance
of use. Finally, apart from being applied to the structures that have been referred
to, with frames or lattices, the joint preserves its own characteristics and functionalities
even if used in structures of another type, even not of a composite kind.
[0065] Other variations and/or modifications can be brought to the modular system and joint
for the construction of extensive frameworks according to the present invention, without
for this reason departing from the scope of the invention itself, as defined by the
appended claims.
1. A system for the construction of a extensive framework joining a plurality of linear
elements (T) by means of connecting joints of the ends of the linear elements (T),
wherein at least the following components are used: in order to form each of said
joints, a tubular core (1) with a polygonal section defining an internal cavity and
longitudinal corner edges, to be arranged so that the axes of the linear elements
(T) converging in the joint substantially meet respective corner edges and the longitudinal
axis (Z) of said core (1),and one or more collars (2), which take the polygonal form
of said core (1),and thus with a corresponding number of longitudinal corner edges,
to be tightened around the core and provided with substantially plate-shaped wings
(21) projecting radially from respective corner edges, one for each of the linear
elements (T) converging in the joint, characterized in that the following components are also used: shaped pieces (11) associated or to be associated
to said linear elements (T) so as to project longitudinally from the ends of the same;
substantially C-shaped arms (3) to be arranged on the outside of said one or more
collars, each between two consecutive wings (21), with the concavity facing outwards,
end segments (3a) of said arms being placed adjacent to respective wings (21) and
engaged with said pieces (11) of said linear elements (T) and with said wings (21),
whereby the internal polygonal cavity of said core remains completely free when the
joint is formed.
2. The system according to claim 1, further comprising tubular traverses (19) with a
polygonal section corresponding to that of said core (1), for coaxially joining a
joint to one or more further joints, each of said traverses (19) being engaged coaxially
in the tubular cores (1) of the joints or replacing said cores (1) so as to join,
and be shared by, said joints.
3. The system according to claim 1 or 2, wherein cavities are defined by the ends of
said pieces (11) for coaxially engaging the end segments (3a) of said arms (3).
4. The system according to any of the previous claims, wherein said collar (2) is composed
two semi-collar elements (4), which are mutually connected with screw means (20),
so as to lock around said core (1).
5. The system according to claim 4, wherein said semi-collar elements (4) each comprise
a central gut-like portion (4a), congruent in relation to the external surface of
the tubular core (1) on which they are to be tightened, and plates (4b, 4c) protruding
integrally in a substantially radial manner from said central portion (4a) in order
to define said wings (21).
6. The system according to any of the previous claims, wherein said collar (2) is fastened
onto said core (1) with screw means (23), radially inserted in holes (7, 6) formed
to this purpose respectively in said collar (2) and in said core (1) and/or said traverse
(19), external abutment slabs (32) for said screw means (23) also being arranged in
correspondence with said holes (7), in order to avoid the protruding of said screw
means (23) inside the internal cavity of said core (1) and/or of said traverse (19).
7. The system according to any of the previous claims, wherein screw elements (20) are
used to secure said arms (3) to the assembly of said core (1) and said collar (2),
and at the same time to said pieces (11) of said linear elements, said screw elements
(20) being inserted through holes (8, 9, 12) formed in said arms (3), in said wings
(21) of said collar (2), and in said pieces (11).
8. The system according to any of the previous claims, wherein stop plaques (10) are
arranged on said wings (21) for stopping the ends of said pieces (11).
9. The system according to any of the previous claims, wherein said pieces (11) are integrally
defined by said linear elements (T).
10. The system according to any of the previous claims, wherein said wings (21) are shaped
and angled in relation to said collar (2) depending on the angle of incidence of said
linear elements (T) on the joint.
11. The system according to any of the previous claims, further comprising U shaped brackets
(14), for connection on the outside of said collar (2) in the space between two consecutive
wings (21), holes (15) being formed in said brackets (14) for fixing additional rod
members to the joint.
12. The system according to claim 11, wherein said holes (15) of said brackets accommodate
abutment pins (29) for the abutment of said arms (3).
13. The system according to any of the claims from 2 to 12, further comprising plugs (24)
to be locked in respective cores (1) or tubular traverses (19), said plugs defining
seats (25) for inserting bars (26) or auxiliary supports.
14. The system according to any of the previous claims, wherein said traverses (19) comprise
elements (28), whose axes are angled in relation to the axis of the joint, with terminal
tails (27) to be inserted and locked in respective cores (1) or collars (2).
15. The system according to any of the claims from 2 to 14, wherein said extensive framework
formed by said linear elements (T) and said joints is developed following a texture
(R) that spreads over two opposite faces of a wall structure, said traverses (19)
being arranged in the direction of the thickness of the wall.
16. The system according to any of the previous claims, wherein said arms (3) are formed
by tubular structures with a circular or elliptic section.
17. Connecting joint for connecting the ends of linear elements (T), said linear elements
(T) comprising shaped pieces (11) projecting longitudinally from said ends, characterised in that it comprises: a tubular core (1) with a polygonal section defining a completely free
internal cavity and longitudinal corner edges, to be arranged so that the axes of
the linear elements (T) converging in the joint substantially meet respective corner
edges and the longitudinal axis (Z) of said core (1), one or more collars (2), which
take the polygonal form of said core (1), and thus with a corresponding number of
longitudinal corner edges, to be tightened around the core and provided with substantially
plate-shaped wings (21) projecting radially from respective corner edges, one for
each of the linear elements (T) converging in the joint, characterised in that substantially C-shaped arms (3) are arranged on the outside of said one or more collars
each between two consecutive wings (21), with the concavity facing outwards end segments
(3a) of said arms being placed adjacent to respective wings (21) and engaged with
said pieces (11) of said linear elements (T) and with said wings (21).
18. The joint according to claim 17, wherein a tubular traverse (19) with a polygonal
section corresponding to that of said core (1) replaces said core (1) or is engaged
coaxially therewith, for coaxially joining a joint to one or more other joints.
19. The joint according to claim 17 or 18, wherein cavities are defined by the ends of
said pieces (11) for coaxially engaging the end segments (3a) of said arms (3).
20. The joint according to any of the claims from 17 to 19, wherein said collar (2) is
composed of two semi-collar elements (4), which are mutually connected with screw
means (20), so as to lock around said core (1).
21. The joint according to claim 20, wherein said semi-collar elements (4) each comprise
a central gut-like portion (4a), congruent in relation to the external surface of
the tubular core (1) on which they are to be tightened, and plates (4b, 4c) protruding
integrally in a substantially radial manner from said central portion (4a) in order
to define said wings (21).
22. The joint according to any of the claims from 17 to 21, wherein said collar (2) is
fastened onto said core (1) with screw means (23), radially inserted in holes (7,
6) formed to this purpose respectively in said collar (2) and in said core (1) and/or
said traverse (19), external abutment slabs (32) for said screw means (23) also being
arranged in correspondence with said holes (7), in order to avoid the protruding of
said screw means (23) inside the internal cavity of said core (1) and/or of said traverse
(19).
23. The joint according to any of the claims from 17 to 22, wherein screw elements (20)
are used to secure said arms (3) to the assembly of said core (1) and said collar
(2), and at the same time to said pieces (11) of said linear elements, said screw
elements (20) being inserted through holes (8, 9, 12) formed in said arms (3), in
said wings (21) of said collar (2), and in said pieces (11).
24. The joint according to any of the claims from 17 to 23, wherein stop plaques (10)
are arranged on said wings (21) for stopping the ends of said pieces (11).
25. The joint according to any of the claims from 17 to 24, wherein said wings (21) are
shaped and angled in relation to said collar (2) depending on the angle of incidence
of said linear elements (T) on the joint.
26. The joint according to any of the claims from 17 to 25, further comprising U shaped
brackets (14), for connection on the outside of said collar (2) in the space between
two consecutive wings (21), holes (15) being formed in said brackets (14) for fixing
additional rod members to the joint.
27. The joint according to claim 26, wherein said holes (15) of said brackets (14) accommodate
abutment pins (29) for the abutment of said arms (3).
28. The joint according to any of the claims from 18 to 27, also comprising a plug (24)
locked inside said core (1) and/or tubular traverse (19) and defining seats (25) for
inserting bars (26) or auxiliary supports.
29. The joint according to any of the claims from 17 to 28, wherein said arms (3) are
formed by tubular structures with a circular or elliptic section.
1. System für die Konstruktion eines ausgedehnten Rahmenwerkes, das eine Mehrzahl von
Linearelementen (T) mittels verbindenden Verbindungen der Enden der Linearelemente
(T) verbindet, wobei wenigstens die folgenden Komponenten verwendet werden: Um jede
der Verbindungen zu bilden, eine rohrartige Hülse (1) mit einem polygonalen Querschnitt,
der einen internen Hohlraum und längliche Eckkanten definiert, um so angeordnet zu
werden, dass die Achsen der Linearelemente (T), die in der Verbindung zusammenlaufen,
im wesentlichen auf entsprechende Eckkanten und die Längsachse (Z) der Hülse (1) treffen,
und ein Kragen oder mehrere Krägen (2), der/die die polygonale Form der Hülse (1)
annimmt/annehmen, und somit mit einer entsprechenden Anzahl von länglichen Eckkanten,
um um die Hülse befestigt zu werden und versehen mit im wesentlichen plattenförmigen
radial von entsprechenden Eckkanten vorstehenden Flügeln (21), wovon einer für jedes
der Linearelemente (T) ist, die in der Verbindung zusammenlaufen, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die folgenden Komponenten auch verwendet werden: Formstücke (11), die verbunden sind
mit oder zu verbinden sind mit den Linearelementen (T), um in Längsrichtung von den
Enden der selbigen vorzustehen; im wesentlichen C-förmige Arme (3), die an der Außenseite
des einen Kragens oder der mehreren Krägen anzuordnen sind, jeder zwischen zwei aufeinanderfolgenden
Flügeln (21) mit der Aushölung auswärts weisend, wobei Endsegmente (3a) der Arme benachbart
jeweiligen Flügeln (21) angeordnet und mit den Stücken (11) der Liniearelemente (T)
und mit den Flügeln (21) in Eingriff sind, wodurch der interne polygonale Hohlraum
der Hülse vollständig frei bleibt, wenn die Verbindung gebildet ist.
2. System nach Anspruch 1, ferner enthaltend rohrartige Traversen (19) mit einem polygonalen
Querschnitt entsprechend jenem der Hülse (1) zum koaxialen Verbindung einer Verbindung
mit einer oder mehreren weiteren Verbindung (en), wobei jede der Traversen (19) koaxial
in den rohrartigen Hülsen (1) der Verbindungen in Eingriff ist oder die Hülsen (1)
ersetzt, um eine verbindung herzustellen, und von den Verbindungen mitbenutzt wird.
3. System nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, wobei Hohlräume durch die Enden der Stücke (11) zum
koaxialen Eingriff mit den Endsegmenten (3a) der Arme (3) definiert sind.
4. System nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, wobei der Kragen (2) aus zwei Halbkragenelementen
(4) zusammengesetzt ist, die gegenseitig mit Schraubeinrichtungen (20) verbunden sind,
um um die Hülse (1) herum festgestellt zu sein.
5. System nach Anspruch 4, wobei die Halbkragenelemente (4) jeweils einen zentralen bauchigen
Teil (4a), der in Relation zu der Außenoberfläche der rohrartigen Hülse (1), an welcher
sie zu befestigen sind, kongruent ist, und Platten (4b, 4c) enthalten, die integral
in einer im wesentlichen radialen Weise von dem zentralen Teil (4a) vorstehen, um
die Flügel (21) zu definieren.
6. System nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, wobei der Kragen (2) an der Hülse
(1) mit Schraubeinrichtungen (23) befestigt ist, die radial in Löcher (7, 6) eingesetzt
sind, die zu diesem Zweck jeweils in dem Kragen (2) und in der Hülse (1) und/oder
der Traverse (19) ausgebildet sind, wobei auch externe Anlageplatten (32) für die
Schraubeinrichtungen (23) entsprechend den Löchern (7) angeordnet sind, um das Vorstehen
der Schraubeinrichtungen (23) innerhalb des internen Hohlraumes der Hülse (1) und/oder
der Traverse (19) zu vermeiden.
7. System nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, wobei Schraubelemente (20) verwendet
werden, um die Arme (3) an dem Aufbau der Hülse (1) und des Kragens (2) und gleichzeitig
an den Stücken (11) der Linearelemente zu befestigen, welche Schraubelemente (20)
durch Löcher (8, 9, 12) eingesetzt sind, die in den Armen (3), in den Flügeln (21)
des Kragens (2) und in den Stücken (11) ausgebildet sind.
8. System nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, wobei Stoppplatten (10) an den Flügeln
(21) angeordnet sind, um die Enden der Stücke (11) zu stoppen.
9. System nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, wobei die Stücke (11) integral durch
die Linearelemente (T) definiert sind.
10. System nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, wobei die Flügel (21) in Relation
zu dem Kragen (2) in Abhängigkeit von dem Anstellwinkel der Linearelemente (T) an
der Verbindung geformt und abgewinkelt sind.
11. System nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, ferner enthaltend U-förmige Klammern
(14) zum Anschluss an der Außenseite des Kragens (2) in dem Raum zwischen zwei aufeinander
folgenden Flügeln (21), wobei Löcher (15) in den Klammern (14) zum Befestigen zusätzlicher
Stabglieder an der Verbindung ausgebildet sind.
12. System nach Anspruch 11, wobei die Löcher (15) der Klammern Anlagestifte (29) für
die Anlage der Arme (3) beherbergen.
13. System nach einem der Ansprüche 2 bis 12, ferner enthaltend Stopfen (24), um in entsprechenden
Hülsen (1) oder rohrartigen Traversen (19) festgesetzt zu werden, welche Stopfen Sitze
(25) zum Einsetzen von Stäben (26) oder Hilfshalterungen definieren.
14. System nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, wobei die Traversen (19) Elemente
(28), deren Achsen in Relation zu der Achse der Verbindung abgewinkelt sind, mit Abschlussausläufern
(27) enthalten, die in entsprechenden Hülsen (1) oder Krägen (2) einzusetzen und festzustellen
sind.
15. System nach einem der Ansprüche 2 bis 14, wobei das ausgedehnte Rahmenwerk, das durch
die linearen Elemente (T) und die Verbindungen gebildet ist, einer Textur (R) folgend
entwickelt ist, die sich über zwei entgegengesetzte Seiten einer Wandstruktur ausdehnt,
wobei die Traversen (19) in der Richtung der Dicke der Wand angeordnet sind.
16. System nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, wobei die Arme (3) durch rohrartige
Sturkturen mit einem kreisartigen oder elliptischen Querschnitt gebildet sind.
17. Verbindende Verbindung zum Verbinden der Ende von Linearelementen (T), welche Linearelemente
(T) Formstücke (11) enthalten, die in Längsrichtung von den Enden vorstehen,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass sie enthält: Eine rohrartige Hülse (1) mit einem polygonalen Querschnitt, der einen
vollständig freien internen Hohlraum und längliche Eckkanten definiert, um so angeordnet
zu werden, dass die Achsen der Linearelemente (T), die in der Verbindung zusammenlaufen,
im wesentlichen auf entsprechende Eckkanten und die Längsachse (Z) der Hülse (1) treffen,
und ein Kragen oder mehrere Krägen (2), der/die die polygonale Form der Hülse (1)
annimmt/annehmen, und somit mit einer entsprechenden Anzahl von länglichen Eckkanten,
um um die Hülse befestigt zu werden und versehen mit im wesentlichen plattenförmigen
radial von entsprechenden Eckkanten vorstehenden Flügeln (21), wovon einer für jedes
der Linearelemente (T) ist, die in der Verbindung zusammenlaufen, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass im wesentlich C-förmige Arme (3) an der Außenseite des einen Kragens oder der mehreren
Krägen angeordnet sind, jeder zwischen zwei aufeinanderfolgenden Flügeln (21) mit
der Aushölung auswärts weisend, wobei Endsegmente (3a) der Arme benachbart jeweiligen
Flügeln (21) angeordnet und mit den Stücken (11) der Liniearelemente (T) und mit den
Flügeln (21) in Eingriff sind.
18. Verbindung nach Anspruch 17, wobei eine rohrartige Traverse (19) mit einem polygonalen
Querschnitt entsprechend jenem der Hülse (1) die Hülse (1) ersetzt oder koaxial damit
in Eingriff ist, um eine Verbindung koaxial mit einer oder mehreren anderen Verbindung(en)
zu verbinden.
19. Verbindung nach Anspruch 17 oder 18, wobei Hohlräume durch die Enden der Stücke (11)
zum koaxialen Eingriff mit den Endsegmenten (3a) der Arme (3) definiert sind.
20. Verbindung nach einem der Ansprüche 17 bis 19, wobei der Kragen (2) aus zwei Halbkragenelementen
(4) zusammengesetzt ist, die gegenseitig mit Schraubeinrichtungen (20) verbunden sind,
um um die Hülse (1) herum festgestellt zu sein.
21. Verbindung nach Anspruch 20, wobei die Halbkragenelemente (4) jeweils einen zentralen
bauchigen Teil (4a), der in Relation zu der Außenoberfläche der rohrartigen Hülse
(1), an welcher sie zu befestigen sind, kongruent ist, und Platten (4b, 4c) enthalten,
die integral in einer im wesentlichen radialen Weise von dem zentralen Teil (4a) vorstehen,
um die Flügel (21) zu definieren.
22. Verbindung nach einem der Ansprüche 17 bis 21, wobei der Kragen (2) an der Hülse (1)
mit Schraubeinrichtungen (23) befestigt ist, die radial in Löcher (7, 6) eingesetzt
sind, die zu diesem Zweck jeweils in dem Kragen (2) und in der Hülse (1) und/oder
der Traverse (19) ausgebildet sind, wobei auch externe Anlageplatten (32) für die
Schraubeinrichtungen (23) entsprechend den Löchern (7) angeordnet sind, um das Vorstehen
der Schraubeinrichtungen (23) innerhalb des internen Hohlraumes der Hülse (1) und/oder
der Traverse (19) zu vermeiden.
23. Verbindung nach einem der Ansprüche 17 bis 22, wobei Schraubelemente (20) verwendet
werden, um die Arme (3) an dem Aufbau der Hülse (1) und des Kragens (2) und gleichzeitig
an den Stücken (11) der Linearelemente zu befestigen, welche Schraubelemente (20)
durch Löcher (8, 9, 12) eingesetzt sind, die in den Armen (3), in den Flügeln (21)
des Kragens (2) und in den Stücken (11) ausgebildet sind.
24. Verbindung nach einem der Ansprüche 17 bis 23, wobei Stoppplatten (10) an den Flügeln
(21) angeordnet sind, um die Enden der Stücke (11) zu stoppen.
25. Verbindung nach einem der Ansprüche 17 bis 24, wobei die Flügel (21) in Relation zu
dem Kragen (2) in Abhängigkeit von dem Anstellwinkel der Linearelemente (T) an der
Verbindung geformt und abgewinkelt sind.
26. Verbindung nach einem der Ansprüche 17 bis 25, ferner enthaltend U-förmige Klammern
(14) zum Anschluss an der Außenseite des Kragens (2) in dem Raum zwischen zwei aufeinander
folgenden Flügeln (21), wobei Löcher (15) in den Klammern (14) zum Befestigen zusätzlicher
Stabglieder an der Verbindung ausgebildet sind.
27. Verbindung nach Anspruch 26, wobei die Löcher (15) der Klammern Anlagestifte (29)
für die Anlage der Arme (3) beherbergen.
28. Verbindung nach einem der Ansprüche 18 bis 27, auch enthaltend einen Stopfen (24),
der innerhalb der Hülse (1) und/oder rohrartigen Traverse (19) festgesetzt ist und
Sitze (25) zum Einsetzen von Stäben (26) oder Hilfshalterungen definiert.
29. Verbindung nach einem der Ansprüche 17 bis 28, wobei die Arme (3) durch rohrartige
Sturkturen mit einem kreisartigen oder elliptischen Querschnitt gebildet sind.
1. Un système pour la construction d'une structure extensible en reliant une pluralité
d'éléments linéaires (T) au moyen de joints pour connecter les extrémités des éléments
linéaires (T), dans lequel sont utilisés au moins les composants suivants : pour réaliser
chacun des dits joints, un noyau tubulaire (1) de section polygonale définissant une
cavité interne et des arêtes longitudinales, destiné à être disposé de façon que les
axes des éléments linéaires (T) convergeant vers le joint rencontrent sensiblement
les arêtes respectives et l'axe longitudinal (Z) du dit noyau (1), et un ou plusieurs
colliers (2), qui prennent la forme polygonale du dit noyau (1), et donc avec un nombre
correspondant d'arêtes longitudinales, destinés à être serrés autour du noyau et munis
d'ailes sensiblement en forme de plaques (21) s'étendant radialement à partir des
arêtes respectives, une pour chacun des éléments linéaires (T) convergeant vers le
joint, caractérisé en ce que les composants suivants sont également utilisés : des profilés (11) associés ou aptes
à être associés aux dits éléments linéaires (T) afin de s'étendre longitudinalement
à partir des extrémités de ceux-ci ; des bras (3) sensiblement en forme de C destinés
à être disposés à l'extérieur du dit ou des colliers, chacun entre deux ailes consécutives
(21), avec leur concavité tournée vers extérieur, des segments d'extrémité (3a) des
dits bras étant respectivement disposés de façon adjacente aux ailes (21) et coopérant
avec lesdits profilés (11) des dits éléments linéaires (T) et lesdites ailes (21),
de sorte que la cavité polygonale interne du dit noyau demeure complètement dégagée
quand le joint est réalisé.
2. Le système selon la revendication 1, comprenant en outre des traverses tubulaires
(19) d'une section polygonale correspondante à celle du dit noyau (1), pour réunir
de façon coaxiale un joint à un ou plusieurs autres joints, chacune des dites traverses
(19) étant engagées de façon coaxiale dans les noyaux tubulaires (1) des joints ou
remplaçant lesdits noyaux (1) afin de réunir lesdits joints, et d'être communes aux
dits joints.
3. Le système selon l'une des revendications 1 et 2, dans lequel des cavités sont définies
par les extrémités des dits profilés (11) pour coopérer de façon coaxiale avec les
segments d'extrémité (3a) des dits bras (3).
4. Le système selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans lequel ledit
collier (2) se compose de deux demi-colliers (4), qui sont mutuellement reliés à l'aide
de moyens de vis (20), afin de se bloquer autour du dit noyau (1).
5. Le système selon la revendication 4, dans lequel lesdits demi-colliers (4) comportent
chacun une partie centrale en forme de goulotte (4a), congruente avec la surface externe
du noyau tubulaire (1) sur lequel ils doivent être serrés, et des plaques (4b, 4c)
faisant partie intégrante de ladite partie centrale (4a) et en saillie de façon sensiblement
radiale afin de définir lesdites ailes (21).
6. Le système selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans lequel ledit
collier (2) est fixé sur ledit noyau (1) à l'aide de moyens de vis (23), insérés radialement
dans des orifices (7, 6) respectivement réalisés à cet effet dans ledit collier (2)
et dans ledit noyau (1) et/ou dans la traverse (19), des plots de butée externes (32)
pour lesdits moyens de vis (23) étant également disposés en correspondance avec lesdits
orifices (7), dans le but d'éviter la pénétration des dits moyens de vis (23) à l'intérieur
de la cavité interne du dit noyau (1) et/ou à l'intérieur de ladite traverse (19).
7. Le système selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans lequel des
éléments de vis (20) sont utilisés pour fixer lesdits bras (3) à l'assemblage du dit
noyau (1) et du dit collier (2), et en même temps aux dits profilés (11) des dits
éléments linéaires, lesdits éléments de vis (20) étant insérés dans des orifices (8,
9, 12) réalisés dans lesdits bras (3), dans lesdites ailes (21) du dit collier (2),
et dans lesdits profilés (11).
8. Le système selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans lequel des
plaques d'arrêt (10) sont agencées sur lesdites ailes (21) pour arrêter les extrémités
des dits profilés (11).
9. Le système selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans lequel lesdits
profilés (11) font partie intégrante des dits éléments linéaires (T).
10. Le système selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans lequel lesdites
ailes (21) sont réalisées selon une forme et une inclinaison par rapport au dit collier
(2) dépendant de l'angle d'incidence des dits éléments linéaires (T) sur le joint.
11. Le système selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, comprenant en outre
des équerres en U (14), pour raccordement sur la paroi extérieure du dit collier (2)
dans l'espace entre deux ailes consécutives (21), des orifices (15) étant prévus dans
lesdites équerres (14) pour fixer des éléments de tige additionnels sur le joint.
12. Le système selon la revendication 11, dans lequel lesdits orifices (15) des dites
équerres reçoivent des goupilles de butée (29) pour servir de butée aux dits bras
(3).
13. Le système selon l'une quelconque des revendications 2 à 12, comprenant en outre des
fiches (24) aptes à être bloquées dans des noyaux respectifs (1) ou des traverses
tubulaires (19), lesdites fiches définissant des sièges (25) pour l'insertion de barres
(26) ou de supports auxiliaires.
14. Le système selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans lequel lesdites
traverses (19) comprennent des éléments (28), dont les axes sont obliques par rapport
à l'axe du joint, avec des bouts terminaux (27) aptes à être insérés et bloqués dans
des noyaux (1) ou des colliers (2) respectifs.
15. Le système selon l'une quelconque des revendications 2 à 14, dans lequel ladite structure
extensible constituée par lesdits éléments linéaires (T) et lesdits joints est développée
suivant une ossature (R) qui s'étend sur deux faces opposées d'un mur, lesdites traverses
(19) étant disposées dans la direction de l'épaisseur du mur.
16. Le système selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans lequel lesdits
bras (3) sont constitués de structures tubulaires à section circulaire ou elliptique.
17. Joint de liaison pour relier les extrémités d'éléments linéaires (T), lesdits éléments
linéaires (T) comprenant des profilés (11) s'étendant longitudinalement à partir des
dites extrémités, caractérisé en ce qu'il comporte : un noyau tubulaire (1) à section polygonale définissant une cavité interne
complètement dégagée et des arêtes longitudinales, apte à être disposé de façon que
les axes des éléments linéaires (T) convergeant vers le joint rencontrent sensiblement
les arêtes respectives et l'axe longitudinal (Z) du dit noyau (1), un ou plusieurs
colliers (2), qui prennent la forme polygonale du dit noyau (1), et donc avec un nombre
correspondant d'arêtes longitudinales, destinés à être fixés autour du noyau et munis
d'ailes en forme sensiblement de plaques (21) s'étendant radialement à partir des
arêtes respectives, une pour chacun des éléments linéaires (T) convergeant vers le
joint, caractérisé en ce que des bras (3) sensiblement en forme de C sont disposés à l'extérieur d'un ou des dits
colliers, chacun entre deux ailes consécutives (21), avec leur concavité tournée vers
l'extérieur, des segments d'extrémité (3a) des dits bras étant disposés de façon adjacent
les ailes respectives (21) et coopérant avec lesdits profilés (11) des dits éléments
linéaires (T) et avec lesdites ailes (21).
18. Le joint selon la revendication 17, dans lequel une traverse tubulaire (19) à section
polygonale correspondant à celle du dit noyau (1) remplace ledit noyau (1) ou y est
engagée de façon coaxiale, pour réunir de façon coaxiale un joint à un ou plusieurs
autres joints.
19. Le joint selon l'une des revendications 17 et 18, dans lequel des cavités sont définies
par les extrémités des dits profilés (11) pour recevoir de façon coaxiale les segments
d'extrémité (3a) des dits bras (3).
20. Le joint selon l'une quelconque des revendications 17 à 19, dans lequel ledit collier
(2) se compose de deux demi-colliers (4), qui sont mutuellement reliés à l'aide de
moyens de vis (20), afin de les bloquer autour du dit noyau (1).
21. Le joint selon la revendication 20, dans lequel chacun des dits demi-colliers (4)
comprend une partie centrale en forme de goulotte (4a), congruente avec la surface
extérieure du noyau tubulaire (1) sur laquelle ils doivent être serrés, et des plaques
(4b, 4c) faisant partie intégrante de ladite partie centrale (4a) et faisant saillie
sur elle de façon sensiblement radiale afin de définir lesdites ailes (21).
22. Le joint selon l'une quelconque des revendications 17 à 21, dans lequel ledit collier
(2) est fixé sur ledit noyau (1) à l'aide de moyens de vis (23), insérés radialement
dans des orifices (7, 6) réalisés à cet effet respectivement dans ledit collier (2)
et dans ledit noyau (1) et/ou dans ladite transverse (19), des plots de butée externes
(32) pour lesdits moyens de vis (23) étant également agencés en correspondance avec
lesdits trous (7), afin d'éviter la pénétration des dits moyens de vis (23) à l'intérieur
de la cavité interne du dit noyau (1) et/ou de ladite traverse (19).
23. Le joint selon l'une quelconque des revendications 17 à 22, dans lequel des éléments
de vis (20) sont utilisés pour fixer lesdits bras (3) à l'assemblage du dit noyau
(1) et du dit collier (2), et en même temps aux dits profilés (11) des dits éléments
linéaires, lesdits éléments de vis (20) étant insérés dans lesdites ailes (21) du
dit collier (2) et dans lesdits profilés (11) via des orifices (8, 9, 12) réalisés
dans lesdits bras (3).
24. Le joint selon l'une quelconque des revendications 17 à 23, dans lequel des plaques
d'arrêt (10) sont agencées sur lesdites ailes (21) pour arrêter les extrémités des
dits profilés (11).
25. Le joint selon l'une quelconque des revendications 17 à 24, dans lequel lesdites ailes
(21) sont réalisées selon une forme et inclinaison par rapport au dit collier (2)
dépendant de l'angle d'incidence des dits éléments linéaires (T) sur le joint.
26. Le joint selon l'une quelconque des revendications 17 à 25, comprenant en outre des
équerres en U (14), pour raccordement sur la paroi extérieure du dit collier (2) dans
l'espace compris entre deux ailes consécutives (21), des orifices (15) étant réalisés
dans lesdites équerres (14) pour fixer des éléments de tige additionnels sur le joint.
27. Le joint selon la revendication 26, dans lequel lesdits orifices (15) des dites équerres
(14) reçoivent des goupilles de butée (29) pour constituer des butées aux dits bras
(3).
28. Le joint selon l'une quelconque des revendications 18 à 27, comprenant également une
fiche (24) fixée à l'intérieur du dit noyau (1) et/ou de la traverse tubulaire (19)
et définissant des sièges (25) pour l'insertion de barres (26) ou de supports auxiliaires.
29. Le joint selon l'une quelconque des revendications 17 à 28, dans lequel lesdits bras
(3) sont constitués par des structures tubulaires à section circulaire ou elliptique.
REFERENCES CITED IN THE DESCRIPTION
This list of references cited by the applicant is for the reader's convenience only.
It does not form part of the European patent document. Even though great care has
been taken in compiling the references, errors or omissions cannot be excluded and
the EPO disclaims all liability in this regard.
Patent documents cited in the description