[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of printing and is in particular related
to manufacturing of personal or identification documents, which are secured against
falsification and/or forging.
[0002] By this, the invention is based on the problem, how to provide a personal document
in form of a booklet, by which a non-problematic sewing of at least one sheet covered
with a protective layer, consisting of a relatively hard material like e.g. polypropylene,
among the other sheets should be enabled by simultaneously excluding any possibility,
that the internal edge of the said protective layer, which is faced towards the neighboring
sheet, could damage the last mentioned sheet by rubbing thereto.
[0003] One of such documents is described in
EP 1 008 459 B1 together with a method of manufacturing thereof. As stated therein, by manufacturing
of such document, e.g. a passport or the like, there should be taken into account,
that at least a page, on which the desired personal data are printed, needs to be
secured and should consist of appropriate material, which enables applying of various
protective elements, which may be either mounted therein or printed or also punched
or even manufactured by means of a laser beam. Although for example the polycarbonate
seems to be a very suitable material for such purposes, the hardness thereof is essentially
higher than the hardness of paper and in addition, the resistance of this material
with respect to repeated bending is really pure. Furthermore, recent requirements
by manufacturing such documents may also relate to compulsory including of various
electronic or magnetic data carriers, so that the thickness of the layer of such material
may also be relatively huge. Accordingly, upon establishing appropriate interconnection
of a sheet made of such material, e.g. by means of sewing or the like, with the cover
page and the other available sheets, the problems would occur either due to permanent
tendency of opening the document or also due to cracking of such bound sheet. In order
to avoid this problem, in the above specified patent letter it has been suggested,
that the sheet, i.e. the so-called polycarbonate plate, is connected with a band,
which consists of a flexibly and easily bending material like e.g. a polypropylene.
Such band can be then easily sewed into the document together with the other sheets
and is moreover resistant in a sufficient extent with respect to bending, so that
during the regular period of use of the document the said cracking or breaking should
not to be expected. Another problem, which might occur by establishing a required
interconnection between two parts of materials; which are difficult to be interconnected,
may then be solved by means of perforating the said band i.e. by providing it with
appropriate passages, so that the said band is placed over the said sheet i.e. the
plate, and after that over the said band an additional band is placed, which includes
appropriate protrusions, which are adapted to the said passages with respect to position
and dimensions. In such a way the said protrusions extend through the said passages
of the said band towards the surface of the protective layer, by which appropriate
connection of the said band with the belonging sheet i.e. the polycarbonate plate
in the area of the said perforation i.e. protrusions is enabled, so that each band
is at the one hand held between the said band and protective layer, and on the other
hand sewed into the document. In such a way is - according to the said patent - the
polycarbonate plate mechanically i.e. in thanks to the shape thereof connected to
the said band, which is sewed into the document. Such connecting technology is moreover
also described in the Slovenian (
SI) patent No. 20369A, which is however limited exclusively to connecting the polycarbonate materials with
the connecting bands, which consist of various other materials. In such a way it should
be possible - at least theoretically - to attach a sheet or plate of polycarbonate
into appropriate document in form of a booklet.
[0004] However, in the practice, by manufacturing documents in form of a booklet, in particular
of passports or the like, such manner of interconnecting the constituent parts may
lead to certain problems. When manufacturing such documents, said band is placed over
the previously prepared cover plate and after that the required sheets are placed
thereto, whereupon these parts are sewed together. The sheet, which is covered by
the protective layer, is often arranged quite adjacent to the cover page. Starting
from the internal side of the rear cover page, said band extends beyond the seam towards
the internal side of the front cover page, where the perforated portion thereof is
placed. The internal edge of the protective layer, which is positioned adjacent to
the said seam, is faced towards to the front page of the neighboring sheet. Since
the material of the protective layer is essentially harder than the material of the
paper of this neighboring sheet, and since moreover the thickness of the protective
layer is also relatively large, the said internal edge of the protective layer is
pretty sharp and exposed. Although the users are normally not aware of this phenomena
at all, by opening or closing the document this hard edge is always rubbed against
the essentially softer neighboring paper sheet, so that during the time serious damages
may occur on this sheet. Consequently, even by quite regular use of such documents,
these damages may result in essentially reducing the thickness of the neighboring
paper sheet in the said area of rubbing, so that after certain period of use the sheet
may be tom-out and removed from the document.
[0005] Furthermore,
EP 1 502 765 A1 discloses a personal document in form of a booklet, which consisis consisting of
at least centrally, namely along the central line folded cover page as well as of
a desired number of sheets, which are folded at least essentially in the same manner
and interconnected in the folded area by means of a seam. At least one personalized
page is available in the document, which needs to be efficiently secured against falsification
or forgery, and this page consists of at least two layers of polycarbonate, between
which the flexible layer is laminated, which serves for attaching the polycarbonate
layers into a booklet. Said flexible layer preferrably consists of polythilenterephtalate.
Due to its construction, such personalized page is relatively thick and the physical
properties, like e.g. hardness, bending resistance etc., may essentially differ from
the properties of the other pages within the document, including with the cover pages.
Such thickness normally results in abrasion of the adjacent paper sheet of the booklet.
When bearing in mind, that carbonate layers are very hard and rigid, while the intermediate
layer of polyethileneterephtalate is easily flexible, then the intermediate layer
should extend across practically complete surface of the polycarbonate layers, if
at least approximately secure interconnection is expected by means of lamination.
However, such curcumstance may lead to problems with respect to providing the polycarbonate
layers with appropriate data and especially with clarity and visibility thereof after
the process of lamination. Still further, repeatingly bending of such complex sandwich
structure of quite different materials may often lead to at least locally destruction
of adhesiveness between the layers, which no doubt has essential influence in respect
of visibility of data and in particular also in respect of hesitations about authenticity
of the document. That is why e.g. the second embodiment in the same document consists
of a flexible layer e.g. of plastics or textile, which is placed between two polycarbonate
layers across only a portion of complete surface or said layers, while in the residual
portion said flexible layer is replaced with the third intermediate layer of polycarbonate,
the thickness of which essentially corresponds to the thiskness of the flexible layer.
In order to establish appropriately secure interconnection among two outward polycarbonate
layers and said intermediate flexible layer, passeges are then foreseen in the outward
polycarbonate layers, which may serve e.g. for welding, laminating or cementing, i.e.
in order to establish a kind of physical interconnection among the layers, which upon
finishing thereof leads to similar effects and deficiences like the embodiment according
to
EP 1 008 459.
[0006] Still further,
WO 93/12940 discloses a document in form of a booklet, where at least one page or a cover page
is the so-called personalized page, which is equipped with a transparent layer, consisting
of a resin like transparent cellulose (cellophane), cellulose nitrate or other cellulose
ester, (meth)acrylic polymer or copolymer, vinyl polymer or copolymer or the like.
Said layer is attached to the paper sheet ether by means of a self-supporting intermediary
resin sheet /the first embodiment/, e.g. a thermoplastic resin sheet, or by means
of an adhesive layer, which may be then activated either by means of pressure or temperature
or even by a solvent, or also by means of adhesives, which are activated thermally
or by radiation, At that time, personalization of documents was performed by means
of placing such personalized layer onto a paper sheet, which has previously been equiped
with various security elements. Such personalization layers were relatively thin,
and materials thereof were not so hard, so that the danger of damaging the adjacent
paper sheet was not very high. Preventing of removing/replacing said personalized
layer has obviously been taken into account, especially due to exposing the document
to moisture or chemicals.
[0007] According to the invention it is therefore suggested, that the polycarbonate material
is used exclusively as a protective and data-carrying layer, by means of which a desired
sheet of paper or similar material is coated, where in such a document immediately
above the sheet, which includes a page equipped with such protective layer, a band
is sewed, which consists of a bending-resistant material, in particularly of polypropylene,
polyvinyl chloride (PVC) or the like, and is preferable smooth and non-perforated.
The protective layer, which consists of polycarbonate or other similar material, is
placed over at least a major portion, preferably over the complete page of the corresponding
sheet, and simultaneously also over at least a portion of the said band, by which
the internal edge of the protective layer is placed in abutment at a desired distance
from the seam, so that by opening or closing the document the said edge is not rubbed
against the sheet of paper or similar material, but against the said band. The said
protective layer is furthermore attached onto the corresponding page and simultaneously
also onto the said band by means of appropriate adhesive means, in particularly by
means of a temperature resistant adhesive, namely an adhesive, which is at least within
a predetermined temperature range a duroplastic i.e. a non-melting adhesive, namely
at least below a such temperature value, at which the consequences of over-heating
become obvious and visible at least by one of the other protective elements of the
document. Furthermore, in one of possible embodiments, the thickness of the protective
layer in the area of the band is smaller than the thickness in the other areas of
the belonging page of the sheet, over which the said layer is placed.
[0008] Now the invention will be explained in more detail on the basis of an embodiment
of a document in form of a booklet as shown in Fig. 1 in opened state and in perspective
view. The document consists of a cover page 1 as well as of separate sheets 2, 3,
which are in this embodiment centrally folded, which means folded along the central
line thereof, and interconnected by means of seam 4. One page 20 of the sheet 2 is
covered by a protective layer and personalized, which means, that on the one hand
personal data is printed thereon, and on the other hand it is also equipped with all
required protective elements, which are however not separately shown in the said drawing.
A band 6 is placed over the sheet 2 in the area of the said seam 4. In order to maintain
the drawling as clear as possible, only one sheet 3 is shown in addition to the previously
mentioned sheet 2, by which this sheet 3 extends above the said band 6 and is also
centrally folded along and connected thereby with the said sheet 2 and also with the
cover page 1 by means of the said seam 4.
[0009] The said band 6 consists of a material, which is bending-resistant i.e. sufficiently
resistant with respect to bending in the area of the seam 4. Materials, which fulfill
such requirements are e.g. a polyethylene or also a polyvinyl chloride (PVC) or similar
plastics, while in this particular case a polyethylene was used. By this particular
document according to Fig. 1 the protective layer 5 is placed over the page 20 of
the sheet 2, which consists of paper or synthetic paper or similar material, where
the said layer includes personal data, which are in particularly exposed to falsification
or misuse, which should be - depending on the nature or the purpose of the document
- according to the present invention made impossible.
[0010] The said protective layer 5 in this shown embodiment consists of a polycarbonate,
but in common may also consist of another similar material, and is attached onto the
page 20 of the sheet 2 by means of appropriate adhesive layer 7, by which it protrudes
at least partially over the band 6, on which it is attached on essentially the same
manner as it is actually attached onto the page 20.
[0011] The said adhesive layer 7 consists of appropriate adhesive means, in this particular
embodiment of an adhesive, which may not be softened and remains hard at least below
a pre-determined maximum temperature limit, so that the layer 5 cannot be removed
without obvious damages. Whenever the document is exposed to a temperature above the
said maximum temperature limit, at least one of security elements available on the
document is then activated, so that an obvious indication, that the document might
be falsified or forged, is then obtained in such a way.
[0012] An internal edge 50 of the layer 5, which is faced towards the seam 4, is placed
in abutment to the band 6, so that the sheet 2 is placed below the band 6 and protected
against damages, which might otherwise occur due to rubbing by the edge 50.
[0013] In the one of possible embodiments the thickness of the protective layer 5 in the
area of the said band 6 is smaller than the thickness of the protective layer 5 on
the other areas on the data-carrying page 20.
1. Personal document in form of a booklet, consisting of at least centrally, namely along
the central line, folded cover page (1) as well as of a desired number of paper sheets
(2, 3), which are folded at least essentially in the same manner and interconnected
in the folded area by means of a seam (4), and at least one personalized page (20)
is available on the belonging sheet (2) in the document, which needs to be efficiently
secured against falsification or forgery, characterized in that a flexible non-perforated band (6) consisting of polypropilene or polyetilene or
PVC is placed above the paper sheet (2) in the area along the seam (4) and its adjacency,
and that a protective layer (5), which consists of polycarbonate and is equipped with
appropriate data, which need to be secured against falsification or misuse, is placed
over at least a majority of the surface of the belonging paper sheet (2) and is attached
thereto by means of a resilient duroplastic adhesive, and that said band (6) is partially
overlaped by the protective layer (5), so that the internal edge (50) of said protective
layer (5), which is faced towards said seam (4), is rest on the band (6).
1. Persönliches Dokument in Form eines Heftchens, bestehend aus einem zumindest mittig,
nämlich entlang der Mittellinie, gefalzten Deckblatt (1) und einer erwünschten Anzahl
Papierbogen (2, 3), die zumindest im Wesentlichen in der gleichen Weise gefalzt und
im gefalzten Bereich mittels einer Naht bzw. Heftung (4) miteinander verbunden sind,
wobei mindestens eine persönliche Seite (20) auf dem zugehörigen Bogen (2) im Dokument
zur Verfügung steht, die wirksam vor Fälschung bzw. Verfälschung zu schützen ist,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass ein flexibles, unperforiertes Band (6), das aus Polypropylen oder Polyethylen oder
PVC besteht, über dem Papierbogen (2) im Bereich entlang der Naht bzw. Heftung (4)
und deren angrenzender Umgebung positioniert ist, und dass eine Schutzschicht (5),
die aus Polycarbonat besteht und mit geeignete Daten versehen ist, die vor Fälschung
bzw. Missbrauch zu schützen sind, über zumindest einem größeren Teil der Oberfläche
des zugehörigen Papierbogens (2) positioniert ist und mittels eines elastischen duroplastischen
Klebstoffs daran angebracht ist, und dass das Band (6) teilweise von der Schutzschicht
(5) überdeckt ist, so dass der Innenrand (50) der Schutzschicht (5), der der Naht
bzw. Heftung (4) zugewandt ist, auf dem Band (6) aufliegt.
1. Document personnel sous la forme d'un livret, consistant en une page de couverture
(1) pliée au moins centralement, à savoir le long de la ligne centrale ainsi qu'en
un nombre désiré de feuilles de papier (2, 3), qui sont pliées au moins essentiellement
de la même manière et interconnectées dans la zone pliée au moyen d'une ligne de couture
ou de brochage (4), et au moins une page personnalisée (20) est disponible sur la
feuille (2) correspondante dans le document, qui doit être efficacement protégée contre
toute falsifications ou contrefaçon, caractérisé en ce qu'une bande non perforée flexible (6) consistant en du polypropylène ou du polyéthylène
ou du PVC est placée par-dessus la feuille de papier (2) dans la zone le long de la
ligne de couture ou de brochage (4) et à proximité, et qu'une couche de protection
(5), qui consiste en du polycarbonate et est équipée de données appropriées, qui doivent
être protégées contre toute falsification ou utilisation frauduleuse, est placée par-dessus
au moins une majeure partie de la surface de la feuille de papier (2) correspondante
et est fixée à celle-ci au moyen d'un adhésif plastique thermodurcissable résilient,
et que ladite bande (6) est partiellement chevauchée par la couche de protection (5),
de sorte que le bord interne (50) de ladite couche de protection (5), qui fait face
vers ladite ligne de couture ou de brochage (4), repose sur la bande (6).