[0001] The present invention relates to a forming head for dry forming a fibrous web, the
forming head being positioned above a forming wire opposite a suction unit. The present
invention also relates to a method of using said forming head.
[0002] Various forming head of this type are known, for instance from European Patent Application
0 159 618. This application describes a forming head provided with a bottom net or sieve having
a plurality of openings. In order to ensure the passage of the fibres through the
bottom of the forming box it is suggested to use wings, rollers or other scraping
or brushing devices, which in an active manner removes fibres from the sieve at the
bottom of the forming head. A suction unit is provided underneath the forming wire
for drawing the fibres through the bottom and onto the forming wire. Although such
mechanical devices do give an increase in the capacity, the obtained increases are
not satisfactory and attempts have been made through many years to increase the capacity
further.
[0003] The size of the openings in the mesh or sieve in the bottom of the forming box is
decided by the fibres, which are to be distributed on the forming wire. This is particularly
relevant in relation to the use of cellulose fibres in the manufacture of paper products
including absorbing products, such as napkins. Thus, there has been a limitation in
the length of the fibres used.
[0004] In an attempt to overcome the problem with fibre length
WO 99/36623 describes a forming head with an open bottom, i.e. without a bottom mesh or sieve.
The distribution of fibres is carried out by a plurality of revolving spike rollers.
Said spikes are arranged to partly hold the fibres back against the effect from the
suction of the underlying suction unit. The cloud of fibres which is formed inside
the forming head of single fibres, which are slit up and mixed in the air stream,
are transferred down onto the underlying wire by the application of the revolving
spike rollers. This increases the capacity of the forming apparatus significantly.
However, the inventor has discovered that agglomerates of fibres may pass the spike
rollers without being torn sufficiently apart by the spikes, resulting in an uneven
distribution of fibres on the forming wire and therefore in an inhomogeneous final
product.
[0005] Thus, it is a first aspect according to the present invention to provide a forming
head which ensures that agglomerates, shadows and/or lumps of fibres are torn apart
to a higher degree than hitherto known.
[0006] It is a second aspect according to the present invention to provide a forming head
according to the present invention, which ensures an even distribution of fibres on
the forming wire in a dry-forming apparatus without compromising the capacity of the
fibre distributor.
[0007] It is a third aspect according to the present invention to provide a forming head
which is reliable in operation and which allows for longer time between overhauls
or maintenance.
[0008] It is a forth aspect according to the present invention to provide a forming head
having spikes which are more resistant to breakings than hitherto known.
[0009] It is a fifth aspect according to the present invention to provide a forming head
capable of easily being adapted to different fibre types and fibre length.
[0010] It is a sixth aspect according the preset invention to provide a forming head capable
of forming different webs and/or mats without compromising the capacity of the fibre
distributor.
[0011] This is achieved according to the present invention in that the forming head is divided
into a plurality of interconnected distribution units each of which comprises at least
one revolving roller, which are provided with protruding spikes.
[0012] By dividing the forming head into a plurality of interconnected distribution units,
the inventor has surprisingly found that a more efficient disintegration of fibres
is achieved compared to the known forming heads.
[0013] This is due to the fact that the disintegration of agglomerates, shadows and/or lumps
of fibrous material are influenced by strokes from spikes on the revolving rollers.
When the spikes on the revolving roller impact with e.g. the agglomerates the impact
force will ensure that said agglomerates are disintegrated. By having more than one
distribution step it has surprisingly been found that agglomerates, shadows and/or
lumps that are not disintegrated in the first distribution step will be disintegrated
in the underlying unit.
[0014] Using the forming head according to the present invention will thereby not only ensure,
that all agglomerates, shadows and/or lumps in the fibrous material will be removed
but also that the fibres will completely opened and separated.
[0015] The present invention therefore provides the possibility of producing uniform webs
at higher speeds than heretofore possible and/or to improve the uniformity of webs
made at existing speeds. This is assumed that the very high degree of separation caused
by the different distribution steps improves the mixing of fibres in the forming head
to give these improved results.
[0016] When a forming head according to the present invention is applied in a dry-forming
apparatus, it has furthermore been possible to form a fibrous product, where problems
are avoided with the variation of the thickness over the width of the product.
[0017] As the forming head is divided into at least two independent distribution units,
each distribution unit can also be constructed to meet specific and unique requirements.
Such requirements could e.g. be related to the final product, the fibre material used
or the air flow supplied in the forming head. In this respect each distribution unit
can be designed optimally, ensuring that the specific unit is best suited for distributing
and mixing the fibres.
[0018] As an example can be mentioned that one of the distribution units can be designed
to give a very high impact force to the fibre material supplied to the unit, whereas
another distribution unit can be designed to ensure a high degree of mixing of the
fibre material supplied to the forming head.
[0019] Thus, the forming head according to the invention does not only provide a more efficient
opening and disintegration of fibres than hitherto known, but will also ensure that
that fibre lumps or oversized fibres are prevented from being laid down on the forming
wire and that the fibres are mixed homogenously before they are placed on the forming
wire. The forming head according to the invention thereby achieves an even distribution
of fibres on the forming wire without reducing the capacity of the fibre distributor.
[0020] In order to achieve further disintegration of the fibres and thereby promote a more
even distribution, the at least one revolving roller in at least one of the distribution
units can advantageously cover the entire sectional area of the distribution unit
when seen in a mainly horizontal plane. Thereby it is ensured that the fibres are
partly retained in the distribution unit ensuring that the remaining agglomerates,
shadows and/or lumps will be returned to the distribution unit in question, providing
that e.g. the agglomerates is comminuted and disintegrated rather than being sucked
down to the forming wire by the suction unit.
[0021] This is preferably the distribution unit placed just above the forming wire, but
could in an alternative embodiment be another distribution unit, several or all of
the distribution units. The person skilled in the art will based on the material used
and the final product in combination with the information provided in the present
application be able to find the optimal requirements for the different distribution
units and thereby the forming head according to the invention.
[0022] In a preferred embodiment according to the present invention the at least one distribution
unit comprises a plurality of revolving roller arranged in a substantially horizontal
plane. As the fibrous material in this respect will be forced to pass the revolving
rollers, it is ensured that the fibres are symmetrically laid down on the forming
wire, forming a final product with a homogeneous thickness over the width of the forming
wire.
[0023] The revolving rollers can be placed so that the outer ends of the spikes describe
circles that overlap each other e.g. meshes like toothed gear. Such an embodiment
has the advantage that the revolving rollers can be placed closer to each other, whereby
the fibres can be influenced by more than one spike at a time. This will provide a
higher impact force on the agglomerates, lumps and/or shadows, enabling a better disintegration
of the fibrous material. Furthermore, when the outer ends of the spikes are transferred
in-between each other, it becomes possible to manufacture a fibrous tissue using very
short fibres, for instance with lengths down to 3 mm. Hereby it becomes possible to
achieve a very homogeneous product with a very homogeneous profile in the sectional
direction as well as in the longitudinal direction.
[0024] The closer the spikes are placed to each other on the revolving rollers, the more
efficient will the spikes return agglomerates, lumps and/or shadows to the distribution
unit, In this manner the fibre clumps or clusters of fibres are retained by the spike
rollers and separated or disintegrated in a graduated fashion as these retained fibres
are returned by the spikes to the distribution unit rather than being sucked down
to the forming wire by the suction unit.
[0025] Alternatively the revolving rollers can be placed so that the outer ends of the spikes
describe circles that do not overlap each other. This is especially advantageously
when the forming head according to the present invention handles long fibres, for
instance with a length of 60 mm or more as the circles which define the outer ends
of the spikes substantially just touch each other or are a little shifted from each
other. In this respect the spikes on one revolving rollers are preferably placed very
close to the spikes on a neighbouring roller, e.g. 2 mm.
[0026] Furthermore, it is possible to vary the intensity of the spikes both in the axial
direction and the circumference of the revolving roller. By means of these parameters,
the placement of the spikes in relation to spikes on a neighbouring revolving roller,
the number of revolutions for the rollers and the air stream it is possible to adjust
the capacity of the forming head according to the invention.
[0027] The spikes can according to one embodiment according to present invention be made
of a partly or completely flexible material. In this way it is ensured, that if the
spikes touches or hits each other or the wall of the forming head, the spikes will
not break or snap. This will ensure that the forming head is more reliable in operation
and requires lesser maintenance than the known forming heads using non-flexible spikes.
Such flexible or partly flexible spikes can e.g. be in the form of bristles or brushes.
[0028] Alternatively, the spikes can be made of a non-flexible material. Such spikes will
provide a higher force of impact, which is preferred for some kinds of fibre material.
Using a non-flexible material for the spikes will thereby ensure that especially recalcitrant
agglomerates, lumps and/or shadows are disintegrated.
[0029] When the at least one of the interconnected distribution units is detachable mounted
in the forming head, each forming head can be individually and optimally designed
to the material used and the desired final product. The forming head according to
the invention can therefore be constructed to be able to handle long fibres, particles
and/or short fibres.
[0030] In another preferred embodiment according to the present invention the at least one
roller in at least one of the distribution unit are detachable mounted. Thereby is
it possible to adjust e.g. the closeness of the spikes on the revolving rollers, the
length of the spikes and/or the material the spikes are made of.
[0031] The adjustment can e.g. be effected by mounting the rollers mutually displaceable
in a substantially horizontal plane, whereby it is possible to establish gabs, which
allow a bigger amount of fibre material to pass within a given periode of time.
[0032] The longer the spikes the harder the impact on the fibrous material and the more
efficient is the separation of the agglomerates.
[0033] The forming head can advantageously be provided with a bottom with a plurality of
openings. This bottom can preferably be placed in the distribution step closest to
the forming wire, but can within the scope of protection be placed in all, some or
none of the distributions units, depending on the used fibrous material and the final
product.
[0034] If for instance long fibres are to be handled, it is preferred that there is not
placed a fixed bottom at the distribution step(s). However, if smaller fibres or particles
are to distributed via the forming head, one or more distribution steps can advantageously
be provided with a fixed bottom.
[0035] The suction unit placed beneath the forming wire, which preferably is a vacuum unit,
will influence the small particles and/or fibres to a higher degree than the longer
fibres. The fixed bottom will prevent the small fibres and/or particles from being
sucked directly through the revolving rollers and onto the forming wire and will contribute
to ensure that products comprising small fibres and/or particles also are homogenous.
[0036] The fixed bottom can preferably be in the form of a sieve, net or a grid arranged
for placing the fibres and/or particles on the forming wire. In order to ensure the
passage of the fibres and/ or particles through the bottom of the forming head the
bottom can comprise wings, rollers or other scraping or brushing devices, which in
an active manner removes fibres from the bottom.
[0037] The size of the openings in the mesh or sieve at the bottom of the forming box depends
upon the characteristics of the fibres and/ particles, which are to be distributed
on the forming wire and on the desired product. This is particularly relevant in relation
to the use of cellulose fibres in the manufacture of paper products including absorbing
products, such as napkins.
[0038] When the bottom is in the form of a grid having a plurality of detachable grid elements,
the bottom can be easily changed to in order not only to adjust and/or change the
capacity of the forming head, but also in order to change the transferring rate of
the fibres to the forming wire. In this respect the bottom can contribute in optimising
the final product.
[0039] The rollers can preferably be placed either horizontally or vertically whereby the
spikes will rotate in a vertical plane and a horizontal plane, respectively. This
is preferred because of the symmetrically laying down of fibres so that a tissue with
homogeneous thickness is formed over the width of the forming box.
[0040] In order to arrange the forming head with horizontally oriented rollers for handling
of fibres with various abilities it is possible to provide several layer of rollers
in each distribution unit. The rollers in each layer can be placed on a row with their
longitudinal axis oriented parallel or orthogonal on the movement direction of the
forming wire. The longitudinal axis of the rollers can, however, also be oriented
in the direction parallel with the movement direction of the forming wire.
[0041] According to the invention is has been shown possible to form a fibrous product,
where problems are avoided with the variation of the thickness over the width of the
product formed on the forming wire. It is anticipated that this surprising homogeneity
of the thickness of the created product over the width of the product is due to fact
that the rotation of the spike rollers leads the fibres directly down against the
forming wire in the direction orthogonally on the surface of the forming wire. Thus
in an advantageously embodiment the rollers in each distribution unit are adapted
for being rotated around their longitudinal axes with the same rate of rotations,
e.g. within an interval of between 200 and 5000 rpm, preferably about 2000-3000 rpm.
[0042] However, the rollers can in a different embodiment be adapted for having different
rates of rotation in the different distribution steps or simply within a single distribution
unit. By allowing the rotational speed to be adjustable, each distribution unit can
be made to work at an optimum, even if the unit at different times is supplied with
different amounts of materials. In this respect it is also possible to design each
distribution steps for materials having special physical properties.
[0043] As previously mentioned the spikes on each revolving roller can be distributed both
along the longitudinal axis of the roller, and along the circumference of the roller.
It is preferred that said distribution is evenly in both directions in order to ensure
a homogenous distribution to the forming wire.
[0044] It is also possible to use very varying dimensions and revolving rates. It is, however,
preferred that the axial distance between the spikes is between 3 and 20 mm, and that
the thickness of the spikes is between 0,5 and 10 mm. The length of the spikes will
be between 5 and 200 mm, preferably about 100 mm.
[0045] Within the scope of the present invention it is also possible to use rates of rotation,
lengths of spike and thickness of spike, which lie outside these intervals. By varying
the length and the thickness of the roller and spikes it is likewise possible to handle
long fibres without the risk that they spin into each other. That is, it will be possible
to handle the long fibres and get these down on the forming wire as individual fibres,
without being spun into each other.
[0046] In order to manufacture final products of very short fibres, i.e. having length of
around 2-4 mm, the outer ends of the rollers with the protruding spikes are spaced
in order to allow the passage in-between for corresponding spikes on an adjacent roller,
e.g. the spikes meshes like a toothed wheel. Hereby it becomes possible to achieve
a very homogeneous product with a very homogeneous profile in the sectional direction
as well as in the longitudinal direction. It is also possible to handle the short
fibres, as the fibres to a higher degree will be retained in the distribution unit,
preventing the fibres from falling directly onto the forming wire.
[0047] The present application the term spikes will cover an embodiment with largely thread-formed
spikes. However, the issue will also cover plate-formed elements, which also can be
designated as wings. Such plate-formed wings will primarily be formed with the expanse
placed in a plane orthogonally on the rotation axis of the axle. Alternatively the
plates can be formed with a slope or be formed like propellers to bring about an upwards
or downwards directed action on the fibre cloud. To facilitate the passage of air
to the forming head when wing-formed spikes are applied, the wings can be provided
with holes. Such holes can facilitate the passage of air. By appropriate choice of
revolving speed and form of holes in the rollers the passage of fibres to such holes
can be hindered or limited.
[0048] In an especially advantageously embodiment according to the invention the forming
head comprises four distribution units, placed in succession starting from the distribution
unit farthest from the forming wire. It has surprisingly been found that when the
first distribution unit comprises one revolving roller, the second distribution unit
comprises two revolving rollers, the third distribution unit comprises one revolving
roller, and the forth distribution unit comprises a plurality of revolving roller
arranged in a substantially horizontal plane, the fibrous material will be completely
opened and free from lumps and shadows which again ensures a very even distribution
of the fibres on the forming wire.
[0049] The top distribution unit are preferably arranged to be able to transfer a relatively
higher impact to the fibrous material. Thus it has been found that a single revolving
roller having long spikes of e.g. between 50 and 130 mm in length is preferred. In
this respect the first distribution unit can have the same or a smaller horizontal
cross section than the underlying distribution unit(s).
[0050] The final product may be made from or at least include natural fibres, such as cellulose
fibres, fibres from flax, hemp, jute, ramie, sisal, cotton, kapok, glass, stone, old
newsprint, elephant grass, sphagnum, seaweed, palm fibres or the like. These fibres
have a certain insulating capacity that may be useful in many applications.
[0051] The product may also be made from or at least include a portion of synthetic fibres,
such as polyamide, polyester, polyacrylic, polypropylene, bi-component or vermiculite
fibres or the like as well as any kind of granular material. Fibreboards with such
synthetic fibres may be used for providing the fibre product with certain properties,
e.g. absorbent products. Moreover, the fibres may be pre-treated with a fire retardant
or a fire retardant may be supplied directly in the fibre mixture which is blown into
the forming box.
[0052] Since the forming head according to the present invention is capable of using very
long fibres, it is possible to create a stable product, although it is manufactured
with a big thickness. This is due to the fact that the long fibres are capable of
forming fibrous bindings over a relatively big layer of material, e.g. up to 200-400
mm. The bindings can be crispy hydrogen bindings or elastic bindings, which are established
by means of binding material or a combination hereof.
[0053] The forming head according to the invention can therefore be used to e.g. manufacture
isolation mats from synthetic fibres or natural fibre or mixtures hereof
[0054] In this respect the distribution unit closest to the forming wire can optionally
comprise end walls, which can be adjusted with respect to the heights in relation
to the forming wire. Thereby is achieved the advantage that the thickness of the final
product is not limited to a specific maximum height.
[0055] The invention will be described in more detail with reference to the accompanying
drawing, where
Fig. 1 is a schematic perspective view of a forming head according to one embodiment
of the invention;
Fig. 2 shows a schematic side view, partly sectionally, of the forming head shown
in fig. 1,
Fig. 3 shows a schematic side view, of the forth distribution unit shown in fig. 1,
Fig. 4 shows a schematic side view, of a different embodiment of the forth distribution
unit in fig. 1,
[0056] In the following it is assumed by way of example that the forming head according
to the invention comprises four distribution units. This are of course in no manner
intended to be limiting to the invention, and within the scope of the present invention
the forming head can comprise from two to a plurality of distributions units.
[0057] In fig. 1 a forming head 1 according to a first embodiment of the invention is shown.
The forming head comprises four independent interconnected distribution units 2, 3,
4 and 5 respectively. Fibres are supplied to the first distribution unit 2 via an
inlet 6. A suction unit 7 is positioned beneath a forming wire 8, and the forming
head is positioned above the wire. Fibres 9 are air laid on the forming wire 8 to
form a web 10 in a dry forming process.
[0058] In fig. 1, the forming head is shown with the interior elements visible in the forth
distribution unit 5. However, it is realized that the housing walls may be made from
transparent or opaque materials.
[0059] Inside each distribution unit 2,3,4,5 revolving rollers are provided with protruding
spikes 12.
[0060] In the embodiment shown in fig.1 the first distribution unit 2 comprises one revolving
roller 11, the second distribution unit 3 comprises two revolving rollers 12, 13,
the third distribution unit 4 comprises one revolving roller 14, and the forth distribution
unit 5 comprises five revolving rollers 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, placed in a substantially
horizontal plane parallel to the forming wire 8.
[0061] The five revolving rollers 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, which are placed within the forth
distribution unit, can be said to make up the bottom of the forming head wherein three
revolving rollers 15, 16, 17 are placed by one side wall of the distribution unit
and two revolving rollers 18, 19 at the opposite side.
[0062] It will be evident for the person skilled in the art that the number of revolving
rollers can be adjusted depending on the desired product and the fibres used.
[0063] Engines 20, arranged with the possibility for a variable revolution rate, drives
each revolving roller, ensuring that it is possible to adjust the revolution rate
of the engines dependent of choice of rollers, spikes and the product, which is to
be formed.
[0064] Each of the revolving rollers 11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19 has an axle 21, upon which
spikes 12 in form of thread-formed elements are protruding. The spikes 12 are established
with a size and a mutual distance, which makes it possible to allow for a passage
in-between for corresponding spikes 12 on a neighbouring revolving roller.
[0065] The revolving spike rollers are in the embodiment shown in fig. 1 placed so that
the outer ends of the spikes describe circles that do not overlap each other but can
within the scope of the invention also be meshing like toothed gear or touch each
other during the rotation.
[0066] The fibres 9 are supplied to the forming head 1 via inlets 6. Said fibres will comprise
agglomerates, lumps and/or shadows and when these comes into contact with the spikes
12, the agglomerates, lumps and/or shadows will be disintegrated or shred in order
to ensure an even distribution of fibres 9 in the product 10 formed on the forming
wire 8.
[0067] This is due to the fact that the disintegration of agglomerates of a fibrous material
are influenced by strokes from spikes on the revolving rollers, and when e.g. an agglomerate
is hit by a revolving spike the impact force will ensure that the agglomerate, at
least to some extend, will be forced to open and/or disintegrate.
[0068] As this is repeated, not only several times in each distribution unit, but also in
the four distribution units, all agglomerates, shadows and/or lumps will be removed
in order to ensure an even distribution of fibres 9 in the product 10 formed on the
forming wire 8.
[0069] The closer the spikes 12 are placed to each other on the revolving rollers 11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,
the more efficient will the spikes return agglomerates, lumps and/or shadows to the
respective distribution units 2,3,4,5, In this manner the fibre clumps or clusters
of fibres are retained by the revolving rollers and separated or disintegrated in
a graduated fashion as these retained fibres are returned by the spikes 12 to the
distribution unit rather than being sucked down to the forming wire 8 or underlying
distribution unit by the suction unit 7.
[0070] Fibres are supplied in an airflow to the first distribution unit 2 via an inlet 6.
The airflow can be created by means of transport blowers, which are linked with pipes
that lead to the distribution unit, but other ways of obtaining the airflow known
to the person skilled in the art are within the scope of protection.
[0071] In the embodiment shown in fig. 1 the fibres are primarily led in from each side
of the first distribution unit 2, but fibres could also be feed to the distribution
unit by means of more inlet pipes on each side of said distribution unit or to several
of the distribution units. It is hereby possible to vary the capacity of the forming
head by opening and closing the inlet pipes.
[0072] As an alternative to the inlet 6 the fibres can be introduced to the distribution
unit in question by blowing them into said distribution unit. This will ensure, that
the fibres have a substantial velocity upon introduction to the unit, which provides
that large concentrations variations throughout the forming head will be reduced or
even eliminated, ensuring a more uniform distribution of powder to the web.
[0073] The topmost first distribution unit 2 may or may not have a detachable lid 23 to
allow inspection and maintenance of the forming head, and to provide the possibility
of admitting false air so that a negative pressure does not build up in the forming
head and obstructs the continuous flow towards the forming wire obtained by means
of the suction unit. Preferably, the lid 23 has an air inlet opening 24 for admitting
the false air. The opening may be provided in the lid 23 or any other suitable site
on the forming head, e.g. in the axial side of the first 2 and/or subsequent distribution
unit, as well as more openings may be provided and favourable.
[0074] The uniform distribution is furthermore increased as the revolving rollers retain
fibres before they are gradually sucked down via the vacuum from the suction unit
to the forming wire. In this way the revolving rollers works as a kind of buffer zone,
ensuring, that the fibres do not fall directly onto the forming wire.
[0075] Fibres or other product which are to be part of the final web could also be are added
to several of the distribution steps of the forming head according to the invention,
increasing the capacity of the forming head.
[0076] In this respect the fibre material comprising the agglomerates, lumps and/or shadows
which requires the highest impact force can be feed to the first distribution step
2, and the fibre material which requires the lowest impact force to the forth distribution
unit 5.
[0077] Fig. 2 shows a schematic side view, partly sectionally, of the forming head shown
in fig. 1. On the right side of the picture a partial section is shown for schematically
illustrating the revolving rollers 11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19 and the left side of
the picture shows the engines 20.
[0078] As is seen the first distribution unit 2 comprises one revolving roller 11 having
spikes 12, which substantially covers the entire area of the distribution unit. The
same applies to the second distribution unit 3 and the third distribution unit 4,
where the two revolving rollers 12, 13, and the one revolving roller 14 respectively
substantially covers the entire area of the respective distribution units.
[0079] The forth distribution unit 5 has five revolving rollers 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, placed
in a substantially horizontal plane parallel to the forming wire 8. These revolving
rollers will cover the entire bottom of the forth distribution unit 5, through which
the fibre material will be released to the forming wire. Since the spikes partly will
retain the fibres against the effect from the suction of the suction unit the cloud
of fibres, which has been formed inside the forming box of single fibres are split
up and mixed in the air stream, are transferred down onto the underlying wire by application
of the revolving spike rollers.
[0080] Fig. 3 shows a schematic side view of a forth distribution unit 5, according to the
invention wherein the spikes 22 on the revolving rollers 15,16,17,18,19 are be placed
so that the outer ends 23 of the spikes describe circles that do not overlap each
other.
[0081] This is especially advantageously when the spikes 22 on the revolving rollers are
not flexible, as an impact between two revolving and adjacent spikes can cause the
spikes to break.
[0082] Fig. 4 shows a different embodiment of the forth distribution unit 5, according to
the invention to the invention described, wherein the spikes 22 on the revolving rollers
15,16,17,18,19 are be placed so that the outer ends 23 of the spikes describe circles
that do overlap each other. As is clearly shown on the figure two adjacent spikes
will engage with each other like toothed wheels.
[0083] The embodiment shown in fig. 3 has the advantage that the revolving rollers 15,16,17,18,19
can be placed closer to each other, whereby the fibres can be influenced by more than
one spike 12 at a time, providing a higher impact force on the agglomerates, lumps
and/or shadows, enabling a better disintegration.
[0084] This is especially advantageously when the spikes 22 on the revolving rollers are
not flexible, as an impact between two revolving and adjacent spikes can cause the
spikes to break.
1. A forming head (1) for dry forming a fibrous web, the forming head (1) being positioned
above a forming wire (8) opposite a suction unit (7), characterised in that the forming head is divided into at least two independent interconnected distribution
units (2,3,4,5) each of which comprises at least one revolving roller (11,12,13,14,15,
16,17,18,19) provided with protruding spikes (12).
2. A forming head (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that the spikes (12) on the at least one revolving roller (11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19)
in at least one of the distribution units (2,3,4,5) substantially cover the entire
sectional area of the distribution units (2,3,4,5) seen in relation to the forming
wire (8).
3. A forming head (1) according to claims 1 or 2, characterized in that at least one of the interconnected distribution units (2,3,4,5) is detachable mounted
in the forming head (1).
4. A forming head (1) according to any of the claims 1 - 3, characterized in that at least one distribution unit (2,3,4,5) has the same or a smaller horizontal cross
section than the underlying distribution unit (2,3,4,5).
5. A forming head (1) according to any of the claims 1 - 4, characterized in that the at least one roller (11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19) in at least one of the distribution
unit (2,3,4,5) are detachable mounted.
6. A forming head (1) according to any of the claims 1 - 5, characterized in that the forming head (1) is provided with a bottom having a pluralities of openings.
7. A forming head (1) according to claim 6, characterised in, that that bottom is a grid having a plurality of detachable grid elements.
8. A forming head (1) according to any of the claims 1 - 7, characterized in that the at least one roller (11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19) in at least one distribution
unit (2,3,4,5), is placed with the longitudinal axes oriented substantially perpendicularly
to the moving direction of the forming wire (8).
9. A forming head (1) according to any of the claims 1 - 8, characterized in that the rollers (11,12,13,14,15,16, 17,18,19) in at least one distribution unit (2,3,4,5),
is placed with their longitudinal axes in the same or in a different orientation in
relation to the rollers (11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19) in one of the other distribution
units (2,3,4,5).
10. A forming head (1) according to any of the claims 1 - 9, characterized in that the rollers (11,12,13,14,15,16, 17,18,19) in each distribution unit (2,3,4,5) are
adapted for being rotated around their longitudinal axes with the same or different
speed of rotations.
11. A forming head (1) according to any of the claims 1 - 10, characterized in that the spikes (12) are distributed evenly along the circumference of the roller (11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19).
12. A forming head (1) according to any of the claims 1 - 11, characterized in that the spikes (12) in at least one distribution unit (2,3,4,5), in the longitudinal
direction of the roller (11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19), are spaced, which allow the
passage in-between for corresponding spikes (12) on an adjacent roller (11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19).
13. A forming head (1) according to any of the claims 1 - 12, characterized in that the spikes (12) on the rollers (11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19) are made of a flexible
material.
14. A forming head (1) according to claim 1,
characterised in, that the forming head comprises four distribution units (2,3,4,5), placed in succession
starting from the distribution unit farthest from the forming wire, wherein
- the first distribution unit (2) comprises one revolving roller (11),
- the second distribution unit (3) comprises two revolving rollers (12,13),
- the third distribution unit (4) comprises one revolving roller (14),
- the forth distribution unit (5) comprises a plurality of revolving roller arranged
in a substantially horizontal plane (15,16,17,18,19).
15. A forming head (1) according to claim 14, characterized in that the spikes (12) on the revolving rollers (11,12,13,15,16,17,18,19) in the first,
second and forth distribution unit (2,3,5) substantially cover the entire sectional
area of the respective distribution units when seen in a mainly horizontal plane.
16. A method for dry-producing a fibrous web, using the forming head according to any
of the claims 1 - 15,
characterised in, that
- fibrous material is added to the distribution unit (2) farthest from the forming
wire for processing in the forming head (1),
- the fibrous material passed from one distribution unit to the underlying distribution
unit(s) (3,4,5), and
- that the fibrous material is laid on the forming wire (8) for forming the fibrous
web.
17. A plant for producing a fibrous web characterised in, that the plant comprises the forming head (1) according to any of the claims 1 - 15.
18. An insulation mat obtainable according to the method in claim 16.