[0001] The invention relates to a heating stove type fireplace according to the introduction
of claim 1. This prior art is also known from
FR-A-25 289 951.
[0002] Heating stoves are traditionally fireplaces intended for quick heating. The heating
stove contains a metal shell surrounding the furnace that extends upward to form a
channel for rising smoke and a chimney connection, through which smoke gases are guided
into the smoke chimney. Because the heating stove releases the heat it creates for
all practical purposes immediately through its metal shell to the surrounding airspace,
it is quick-heating if wood is burned in it efficiently and cleanly.
[0003] Due to the quick transfer of heat, when heating the heating stove wood must be added
frequently, a little at a time, so that heat is created evenly and the heating stove
does not heat up too much. However, such a burning process creates, especially during
the beginning and end phases, relatively great unclean, polluting burn gases. The
other disadvantage is that the burn event requires continuous monitoring, i.e. when
wood must be added a little at a time, wood must then essentially be added constantly
during the entire heating time. It is also a disadvantage that for all practical purposes,
immediately after the fire goes out the heating stove ceases to produce heat.
[0004] To remove the above-mentioned disadvantages, wood must be burned quickly in large
amounts with the correct amounts of air. In this way the heating stove would produce
such an amount of heat per time unit that the metal heating stove would glow red.
This would be quite hazardous for the safety and fire safety of the use environment.
At the same time, heat would be created momentarily in such large amounts that the
heating method in question would not be acceptable under any conditions.
[0005] The object of the invention is to remove the above-mentioned disadvantages. Particularly,
the object of the invention is to provide a novel heating stove type fireplace that
would further make possible traditional quick heating, but would also make possible
the effective use of the energy contained in wood and clean burning without unclean
burn gases.
[0006] The characteristics of the invention are described with reference to the accompanying
claims.
[0007] A heating stove fireplace for heating a living space according to the invention contains
a metal shell surrounding a furnace with an openable hatch and a grate. In the flow
direction of burn gases from the furnace, for example above the furnace in the area
of the essentially hottest burning and/or burn gas flows, is located a heat storage
unit of a material that can well withstand the stress of high temperatures and that
quickly stores heat. After the heat storage unit in the flow direction of burn gases
is located a burn gases afterglow heat transfer unit to effect direct transfer of
heat from burn gases that come from the heat storage unit and still contain heat energy
to the airspace surrounding the fireplace. In addition, the fireplace has a chimney
connection for smoke gases after the afterglow heat transfer unit.
[0008] According to the invention the heat-storing mass consists of many parallel and preferably
vertical plates slightly distant from one another and of a heat-storing material.
The distances between the plates form smoke channels. The plates can be for example
soapstone plates of uniform thickness where plate thickness is about double the width
of the distance between individual plates. In this way 5-10 plates can be fit into
the heating stove creating a large, effectively heat-absorbing surface.
[0009] Therefore the basis of this invention is that effective and clean burning requires
a relatively fast and high-temperature burn process. In order that this burn process
can usefully be joined with a heating stove type fireplace, the heat energy of the
hottest burn gases must be stored immediately, before the heat of the heating stove
is transferred to the outer shell. From this was born the basic idea of the invention,
i.e. the locating of a heat storage unit within a traditional heating stove in-between
the furnace and the metal shell of the heating stove that releases heat outward into
the area of the room.
[0010] In this way the fireplace releases the heat of partially cooled burn gases through
the metal shell in the manner of a traditional heating stove while at the same time,
during the heating phase, storing the greater part of the heat in a heat storage unit.
When burning in the furnace is finished, the heat storage unit begins to release heat
through the metal shell and the other structures of the fireplace. The heating stove
according to the invention works thus not only in the manner of a traditional heating
stove as a quick heater, but also as a long-term source of heat that releases heat
slowly while also making possible very low emission and clean smoke gases that have
largely released their heat.
[0011] Preferably, the heat transfer unit for burn gases afterglow consists of a part of
the metal shell whose inner surface is in direct contact with the smoke gases coming
from the heat storage unit.
[0012] Preferably, the outer shell of the fireplace is tight-fitting and without openings
in the area of the afterglow heat transfer unit as well as after it in the flow direction
of smoke gases. Preferably, there is in the metal outer shell only a furnace hatch
and below this an ash hatch from which burn air also flows inward to the furnace,
or the ash hatch is tight-fitting and air is guided under the grate from elsewhere,
for example from outside the space to be heated. In this way the compact and tight-fitting
outer shell guarantees that harmful smoke gases do not escape to the area of the room
to be heated.
[0013] Preferably, the furnace is made of heat-storing materials such as soapstone that
form the rear wall, side walls and also the cover structure of the throat leading
towards the heat storage unit. These heat-storing structures work, in addition to
the main heat-storing unit located after the furnace, as structures that rapidly store
heat energy. This makes possible a burning event in the furnace with cleaner smoke
gases that occurs at a higher temperature and is more effective than previously possible
without having the temperature of the outer shell of the heating stove rise to dangerous
levels.
[0014] When using the efficient heat storage structures in the heating stove, located both
in the fireplace and the heat storage unit located after the fireplace, it is possible
to preferably use as a grate a so-called "power grate", making possible effective
burning. With a such grate known per se the pre-burn air flowing through it into the
furnace under the burning load is regulated by flow amount as well as by location
such that excessive gas creation from the burning material is prevented and all burn
material changed to gaseous form is burned completely within the furnace.
[0015] Preferably, the chimney connection of the heating stove is above the afterglow heat
transfer unit. This makes it possible for the heating stove to be relatively small
in both depth and width. However, it is possible, that in the heating stove according
to the invention the furnace, heat storage unit, afterglow heat transfer unit and
chimney connection are partially or completely located in relationship to each other
adjacent, stacked on top of one another, or fit in some other way as will be apparent
later in this description.
[0016] In one embodiment of this invention there is outside the metal outer shell for example
a surface shell of heat-storing material. In this way the metal shell can be covered
completely, for example with tiles or soapstone or some other type of stone tile that
possesses a desired colour and appearance. In this case the afterglow heat transfer
unit, performing preferably direct and fast heat transfer of the smoke gases, is located
inside the surface shell so that one can use flow openings in the surface shell to
create airflow from the heat transfer unit to the airspace surrounding the fireplace.
[0017] It is also possible to use a heat-insulating material as the surface shell or a part
it, wherein from a practical standpoint all the heat stored in the heat storage unit
transfers to the airspace surrounding the fireplace only through the smoke gases afterglow
heat transfer unit located after the heat transfer unit. The heat release of the heating
stove is thus more long lasting and even than it would otherwise be.
[0018] So, the heat storage unit located after the furnace consists of a huge heat-storing
mass, such as a soapstone structure, through which are arrayed a plurality of rising
and/or transverse smoke channels to increase heat transfer surface area between the
hot smoke gases and the mass. The mass must essentially have a relatively large heat
transfer surface area, i.e. the sum of the surface areas of the gas channels travelling
through and around the mass. This enables effective and fast heat transfer to the
heat-storing material from very hot, perhaps partially still burning smoke gases.
[0019] To increase even heat transfer in the straight and diagonal rising or transverse
smoke channels in-between the plates can be used flow distributors, for example plate-like
guides of metal or soapstone. With these the flowing hot smoke gases are forced to
spread in an essentially even way over the entire surface area of the plates and simultaneously
over the entire volume of the heat storage unit. In consequence, the entire volume
of the heat storage unit functions at essentially the same temperature and at maximum
power to store an integral part of the heat energy of the hot smoke gases and to release
out to the metal shell of the heating stove a flow of warm, i.e. not too hot, gases.
[0020] Using the heat-storing mass and the channels in the mass, i.e. the forms and arrangement
of smoke channels, both the heat storage and heat release features of the heat storage
unit can be adjusted. For example the soapstone plates of the mass can be attached
on all sides to the surrounding metal shell, wherein the smoke channels traverse only
within the heat-storing mass. Heat is thus effectively stored into the heat storage
unit, while the outer surface of the fireplace in the area of the heat storage unit
stays relatively cool during heating. This way heat flow in the surrounding area during
heating occurs through the smoke gases afterglow heat transfer unit. On the other
hand, there can also be flow channels between the soapstone plates and the metal shell,
wherein heat transfer to the metal shell and onward to the surrounding airspace is
more effective and faster in the area of heat storage unit as well.
[0021] In one embodiment of this invention the metal shell extends in a vertical direction
up the fireplace from the bottom part level of the furnace up to the chimney connection.
This way the metal shell can function as the load-bearing structure of the fireplace
and as its outer shell. It is also possible that the metal shell is vertical only
in the area of the heat storage unit and from there outward forming the afterglow
heat transfer unit. It is even possible that the metal shell rests on and seals only
in the upper part of the heat storage unit and continues from there upward, wherein
the outer surface of the furnace area and the greater part of the outer surface of
the heat storage unit area can be for example the same soapstone structure that forms
the furnace and heat storage unit.
[0022] In one embodiment of this invention there are suitable brackets, props, or other
supports in the metal shell from the lower edge of the fireplace upwards over essentially
its entire height. These can be used to provide support for the entire massive heat-storing
inner part of the fireplace. This way the weight of the heat storage unit does not
lie on the structures of the fireplace, making possible the tearing out and rebuilding,
i.e. the exchanging, if needed, of the heat-storing wall structures of the furnace
without disturbing the upper structures of the fireplace.
[0023] Preferably, a heating stove type fireplace according to the invention is of modular
structure, i.e. it is composed of three suitably measured modules separately distinguished
by measurement of their desired heating characteristics and located on top of one
another and/or adjacent, the furnace module, the heat storage module, the heat transfer
module. The modules are separately attachable to one another, making possible modules
of different size and shape. The number of modules is also variable, because multiple
heat storage heat storage modules as well as possibly multiple heat transfer modules
can be arranged one after the other and/or one on top of the other.
[0024] In the furnace modules the thickness of the heat-storing mass of the furnace walls,
i.e. their heating capacity, the height of the furnace as well as the form of the
hatch or the size of its opening can all vary. In the heat storage module the shape
and number of the smoke channels, the amount of heat-storing mass and the amount of
usable heat-storing mass can all vary, as well as height/width/depth of the entire
heat storage unit. The adjustment of height/width/depth is preferably achieved by
having the heat storage unit be composed of two or more stacked or adjacent cheaply
identical heat storage modules.
[0025] Depending on the heat storage module used and its heat storage characteristics, a
suitable heat transfer unit can be chosen to follow it. It may be relatively low and
have a conical reduction of the furnace towards the chimney connection, or it may
have more height and therefore more also a greater heat transfer surface area. It
can also be larger and wider than the heat storage module located before it. The inner
surface of the heat transfer module, which is in contact with the smoke gases, can
also have heat transfer fins used to increase heat absorption. In the same way its
outer surface can have convex shape that for example form decorations, but also increase
exterior surface area for heat release.
[0026] In one embodiment of this invention a control is arranged in the fireplace that enables
bypass of the heat storage unit for a short time, for example when it is desired to
quickly get heat into a room area. In this way the control is used to guide hot burn
gases directly to the afterglow heat transfer unit. The fireplace can even have, in
conjunction with the control, a separate express heater, i.e. a heat-conducting shell
before the afterglow heat transfer unit such that direct heat transfer surface area
into the area of the room is noticeably greater than during normal heating.
[0027] A heating stove type fireplace according to the invention has significant advantages
compared to known prior art. Since there is often a need to get quick heat, the heating
stove has its own application area. In addition, its small size and relative lightness
are often are often critical factors when purchasing a heating device. A fireplace
according to the invention has managed to retain all the aforementioned positive attributes
of the traditional heating stove. In addition, an attempt has been made to add new
heating technologies and effective heat storage capacity such as to create a wholeness
where, with less amount of fuel and cleaner smoke gases, better heating characteristics
are achieved for both quick heat production and long-term and even heat release.
[0028] This invention makes possible the burning of wood and briquettes at a temperature
of 800°C or more, preferably at a temperature of approximately 1000°C. Using these
structures and methods the energy use relationship of the fireplace is increased 10-30%,
even 50%, compared to traditional heating stoves.
[0029] In the following, the invention is described in detail with reference to the accompanying
drawings, in which
Fig. 1 shows a partial section view of a fireplace according to the invention,
Fig. 2 shows in more detail the structure of the heat-storing mass of inner part of
the fireplace in figure 1,
Fig. 3 shows a section view of another fireplace according to the invention,
Fig. 4 is a schematic illustration of a fireplace according to the invention,
Fig. 5 is a schematic illustration of another fireplace according to the invention,
Fig. 6 is a schematic illustration of a third fireplace according to the invention,
Fig. 7 is a graphic representation of a fourth fireplace according to the invention.
[0030] The heating stove type fireplace in figure 1 contains a metal outer shell 1, which
extends from the very bottom edge of the fireplace upward for the entire height of
the fireplace. The fireplace has a furnace 4 with a hatch (not illustrated) and a
grate 3 and that opens upward through the throat to the heat storage unit 5.
[0031] After and immediately above the heat storage unit 5 the metal outer shell 1 narrows
greatly forming a tapering surface towards the upward-pointing chimney connection,
which forms the smoke gases afterglow heat transfer unit 6. The inside of the metal
shell of the heat transfer unit 6 is in direct contact with the still relatively warm
smoke gases rising from the heat storage unit and on the outside it is in direct contact
with the airspace 7 to be heated. Therefore, heat energy is allowed to rapidly and
effectively move through the metal shell 6 and a relatively well-cooled flow of smoke
gases rises to the chimney connection 8.
[0032] The fireplace in figure 1 can be of modular structure such that the modules are separate
from one another and thus combinative and stackable one on top of the other in a suitable
combination. In the embodiment of figure 1 the furnace module 17 is of course at the
bottom. On top of this are stacked three identical heat storage modules 18, on top
of which is located the heat transfer module 19.
[0033] The embodiment of figure 1 also shows supports 20 attached to the outer shell 1,
on which the heat storage modules 18, i.e. the upper massive parts of the fireplace
above the furnace, rests so that the furnace wall structures can be changed or maintained
without dismantling the entire heating stove.
[0034] In figure 2 is better seen how the furnace 4 consists of a rear wall 9 and side walls
10 of heat-storing soapstone, as well as cover structure 11 of the furnace, also of
soapstone, load-bearing blocks, which form the throat towards the heat storage unit
5.
[0035] In heat storage unit 5 are six upright, adjacent plates 15, each of which is composed
of six soapstone plates. The plates 15 are parallel and suitably distant from one
another such, that the area between the plates forms vertically-leading smoke channels
14. Between the smoke channels 14 in the plates 15 as in figure 1 is used preferably
metal flow distributors 16, i.e. guides for the upward-rising flow of smoke gases.
Through these the hot, rising smoke gases are guided as evenly as possible across
the entire surface area of the plates 15, such that the storage of heat into the soapstone
plates is effective.
[0036] Figure 3 shows another embodiment of this invention, in which the furnace 4 and the
heat storage unit 5 located above it are like those in the embodiment of figure 1.
However, in this embodiment the metal outer shell 2 begins only above the furnace,
i.e. from the lower edge of the heat storage unit 5. It is also possible that it begins
only from near the upper edge of the heat storage unit.
[0037] After and immediately above the heat storage unit 5 the metal outer shell 2 narrows
greatly, forming the tapering surface towards the upward-pointing chimney connection,
which forms the smoke gases afterglow heat transfer unit 6. The fireplace in the embodiment
of this figure is further surrounded by a surface shell 12 of preferably soapstone.
The surface shell forms preferably a front wall, rear wall, side walls and cover for
the fireplace.
[0038] In upper part of the surface shell 12, at the height of the upper edge of the heat
transfer unit 6, are arranged outflow openings 13 for airflow. The intake openings
21 are located in the surface shell 12 lower near the lower edge of the outer shell
2. In this way the heat transfer unit 6, which enables quick heating, works here in
essentially the same way as in the embodiment of figure 1.
[0039] Figures 4-7 show by way of example different structural alternatives of how the different
parts of a fireplace according to the invention can be located in relationship to
one another. There are of course even more possible alternatives.
[0040] In figure 4 air intake A, burning B, heat storage H and heat release E are located
on top of one another in the flow direction of smoke gases corresponding the embodiments
shown in figures 1-3.
[0041] In figure 5 air intake A and burning B are on top of one another and next to them
is located heat storage H. Heat release E is located above both, i.e. on top of burning
B and heat storage H.
[0042] In figure 6 air intake A, burning B and heat storage H are located on top of one
another and located next to these three, and of equal height as the sum height of
all three previously-mentioned parts is heat release E.
[0043] In the alternative of figure 7 air intake A, burning B, heat storage H and heat release
E are located on top of one another as in figure 4, but in addition a express heat
releaser Q has been provided next to the heat storage unit. In consequence, the flow
of burn gases after burning travels through the control R, which guides hot burn gases
alternatively, or possibly even simultaneously, through heat storage H or express
heat releaser Q to heat release E. This structure enables fast preheating of the area
of a cold room.
[0044] The invention is described by way of example with reference to the accompanying drawing,
wherein the different embodiments of this invention are possible within the limitations
of the claims.
1. A heating stove type fireplace used for heating living spaces, said fireplace comprising
- a metal outer shell (1,2),
- a furnace (4) provided with an openable hatch and grate (3),
- a heat storage unit (5) located after the furnace in the flow direction of essentially
hottest burn gases,
- a smoke gases afterglow heat transfer unit (6) located after the heat storage unit
in the flow direction of burn gases to effect direct heat transfer to the surrounding
airspace from smoke gases coming from the heat storage unit (7) as well as
- a smoke gases chimney connection (8) located after the afterglow heat transfer unit,
- said heat storage unit (5) consists of a massive heat-storing mass through which
are arrayed a plurality of smoke channels (14) to increase surface area for heat transfer
between the smoke gases and the mass, characterized in that the heat-storing mass consists of a plurality of parallel plates (15) slightly distant
from one another, where the distances between plates form the smoke channels (14).
2. A fireplace according to claim 1, characterized in that the smoke gases afterglow heat transfer unit (6) is comprised of a part of the metal
outer shell (1,2), whose inner surface is in direct contact with smoke gases coming
from the heat storage unit (5).
3. A fireplace according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the furnace (4) is comprised of a rear wall (9), side walls (10), as well as a cover
structure (11) forming a throat towards the heat storage unit (5) of heat-storing
material, preferably of soapstone.
4. A fireplace according to any of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the fireplace has a tight-fitting outer shell having no openings in the area of the
afterglow heat transfer unit and after it in the flow direction of smoke gases.
5. A fireplace according to any of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that outside the metal outer shell (2) is a surface shell (12).
6. A fireplace according to claim 5, characterized in that the heat transfer unit (6) is inside the surface shell (12), wherein the surface
shell contains flow openings (13) to effect airflow from the heat transfer unit to
the airspace (7) surrounding the fireplace.
7. A fireplace according to claim 1, characterized in that the smoke channels (14) between the plates (15) have flow distributors (16) that
spread the hot smoke gases essentially evenly over the entire surface area of the
plates.
8. A fireplace according to any of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the metal shell (1) extends in the flow direction of burn gases from below the furnace
(4) to the chimney connection.
9. A fireplace according to any of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the metal shell (2) extends in the flow direction of burn gases from the area of
the heat storage unit (5) to the chimney connection (8).
10. A fireplace according to any of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the metal shell (1) has supports for support of the heat-storing inner area of the
fireplace above the furnace (4).
11. A fireplace according to any of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that the fireplace has a control (R) to guide hot burn gases optionally through the heat
storage unit (5) or past the heat storage unit to the afterglow heat transfer unit
(6).
12. A fireplace according to any of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that the fireplace has a express heat releaser (Q) to guide hot burn gases essentially
directly to the airspace surrounding the fireplace.
1. Kamin vom Heizofentyp, der zum Erwärmen von Wohnräumen verwendet wird, welcher Kamin
aufweist:
- eine äußere Metallschale (1, 2),
- einen mit einer zu öffnenden Tür und einem Rost (3) versehenen Feuerraum (4),
- eine Wärmespeichereinheit (5), die sich in der Strömungsrichtung von im Wesentlichen
heißesten Verbrennungsgasen hinter dem Feuerraum befindet,
- eine Rauchgasnachbrenn-Wärmeübertragungseinheit (6), die sich in der Strömungsrichtung
von Verbrennungsgasen hinter der Wärmespeichereinheit befindet, um einen direkten
Wärmeübergang zu dem umgebenden Luftraum von aus der Wärmespeichereinheit (7) kommenden
Rauchgasen zu bewirken, sowie
- eine Rauchgas-Schornsteinverbindung (8), die sich hinter der Nachbrenn-Wärmeübertragungseinheit
befindet,
- welche Wärmespeichereinheit (5) aus einer kompakten Wärmespeichermasse besteht,
durch die hindurch mehrere Rauchkanäle (14) angeordnet sind, um die Oberfläche für
den Wärmeübergang zwischen den Rauchgasen und der Masse zu vergrößern, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Wärmespeichermasse aus mehreren parallelen Platten (15) besteht, die einen geringen
Abstand voneinander haben, wobei die Abstände zwischen den Platten die Rauchkanäle
(14) bilden.
2. Kamin nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Rauchgasnachbrenn-Wärmeübertragungseinheit (6) aus einem Teil der äußeren Metallschale
(1, 2) besteht, deren innere Oberfläche in direktem Kontakt mit aus der Wärmespeichereinheit
(5) kommenden Rauchgasen ist.
3. Kamin nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Feuerraum (4) aus einer Hinterwand (9), Seitenwänden (10) sowie einer Abdeckstruktur
(11), die eine Verengung zu der Wärmespeichereinheit (5) aus Wärmespeichermaterial,
vorzugsweise Speckstein, hin bildet, besteht.
4. Kamin nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Kamin eine eng passende äußere Schale ohne Öffnungen in dem Bereich der Nachbrenn-Wärmeübertragungseinheit
und in der Strömungsrichtung von Rauchgasen dahinter hat.
5. Kamin nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Außenseite der äußeren Metallschale (2) eine Oberflächenschale (12) ist.
6. Kamin nach Anspruch 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Wärmeübertragungseinheit (6) innerhalb der Oberflächenschale (12) ist, wobei
die Oberflächenschale Strömungsöffnungen (13) enthält, um eine Luftströmung von der
Wärmeübertragungseinheit zu dem den Kamin umgebenden Luftraum (7) zu bewirken.
7. Kamin nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Rauchkanäle (14) zwischen den Platten (15) Strömungsverteiler (16) haben, die
die heißen Rauchgase im Wesentlichen gleichmäßig über den gesamten Oberflächenbereich
der Platten spreizen.
8. Kamin nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Metallschale (1) sich in der Strömungsrichtung von Verbrennungsgasen von unterhalb
des Feuerraums (4) bis zu der Schornsteinverbindung erstreckt.
9. Kamin nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass sich die Metallschale (2) in der Strömungsrichtung von Brenngasen von dem Bereich
der Wärmespeichereinheit (5) bis zu der Schornsteinverbindung (8) erstreckt.
10. Kamin nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Metallschale (1) Stützen hat zum Tragen des wärmespeichernden inneren Bereichs
des Kamins oberhalb des Feuerraums (4).
11. Kamin nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Kamin eine Steuerung (R) zum Leiten heißer Brenngase wahlweise durch die Wärmespeichereinheit
(5) oder an der Wärmespeichereinheit vorbei zu der Nachbrenn-Wärmeübertragungseinheit
(6) hat.
12. Kamin nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Kamin eine Eilwärmefreigabevorrichtung (Q) hat, um heiße Brenngase im Wesentlichen
direkt in den den Kamin umgebenden Luftraum zu leiten.
1. Cheminée du type poêle de chauffage utilisée pour chauffer des espaces habités, ladite
cheminée comprenant
- une coque extérieure en métal (1, 2),
- un foyer (4) pourvu d'une trappe ouvrante et d'une grille (3),
- une unité de stockage de chaleur (5) située après le foyer dans la direction d'écoulement
des gaz brûlés essentiellement les plus chauds,
- une unité de transfert de chaleur à incandescence résiduelle des gaz de fumée (6)
située après l'unité de stockage de chaleur dans la direction d'écoulement des gaz
brûlés pour effectuer un transfert direct de chaleur vers l'espace environnant en
provenance des gaz de fumée venant de l'unité de stockage de chaleur (7), ainsi que
- une connexion formant cheminée (8) pour les gaz de fumée, située après l'unité de
transfert de chaleur à incandescence résiduelle,
- ladite unité de stockage de chaleur (5) étant constituée d'une masse de stockage
de chaleur massive à travers laquelle est ménagé un réseau d'une pluralité de canaux
de fumées (14) pour augmenter l'aire surfacique pour le transfert de chaleur entre
les gaz de fumée et la masse,
caractérisée en ce que la masse de stockage de chaleur est constituée d'une pluralité de plaques parallèles
(15) légèrement distantes les unes des autres, les distances entre les plaques formant
les canaux de fumée (14).
2. Cheminée selon la revendication 1, caractérisée en ce que l'unité de transfert de chaleur à incandescence résiduelle des gaz de fumée (6) est
constituée d'une partie de la coque extérieure en métal (1, 2), dont la surface intérieure
est en contact direct avec les gaz de fumée venant de l'unité de stockage de chaleur
(5).
3. Cheminée selon la revendication 1 ou 2, caractérisée en ce que le foyer (4) est constitué d'une paroi arrière (9), de parois latérales (10), ainsi
que d'une structure de couverture (11) formant un étranglement vers l'unité de stockage
de chaleur (5) en matériau capable de stocker de la chaleur, de préférence en stéatite.
4. Cheminée selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 3, caractérisée en ce que la cheminée comprend une coque extérieure assemblée de manière étroite ne présentant
aucune ouverture dans la zone de l'unité de transfert de chaleur à incandescence résiduelle,
et après celle-ci dans la direction d'écoulement des gaz de fumée.
5. Cheminée selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 4, caractérisée en ce qu'il est prévu une coque de surface (12) à l'extérieur de la coque extérieure en métal
(2).
6. Cheminée selon la revendication 5, caractérisée en ce que l'unité de transfert de chaleur (6) est à l'intérieur de la coque de surface (12),
ladite coque de surface contenant des ouvertures d'écoulement (13) pour effectuer
un écoulement de l'air depuis une unité de transfert de chaleur vers l'espace (7)
qui entoure la cheminée.
7. Cheminée selon la revendication 1, caractérisée en ce que les canaux de fumée (14) entre les plaques (15) comprennent des distributeurs de
flux (16) qui étalent les gaz de fumée chauds essentiellement de manière égale sur
la surface entière des plaques.
8. Cheminée selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 7, caractérisée en ce que la coque en métal (1) s'étend dans la direction d'écoulement des gaz brûlés depuis
le dessous de la cheminée (4) jusqu'à la connexion à la cheminée.
9. Cheminée selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 7, caractérisée en ce que la coque en métal (2) s'étend dans la direction d'écoulement des gaz brûlés depuis
la zone de l'unité de stockage de chaleur (5) jusqu'à la connexion à la cheminée (8).
10. Cheminée selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 8, caractérisée en ce que la coque en métal (1) comprend des supports pour supporter la zone intérieure de
stockage de chaleur de la cheminée au-dessus du foyer (4).
11. Cheminée selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 10, caractérisée en ce que la cheminée comprend une commande (R) pour guider les gaz brûlés et chauds en option
à travers l'unité de stockage de chaleur (5) ou en contournant l'unité de stockage
de chaleur vers l'unité de transfert de chaleur à incandescence résiduelle (6).
12. Cheminée selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 10, caractérisée en ce que la cheminée comprend un dispositif de dégagement de chaleur express (Q) pour guider
les gaz brûlés et chauds essentiellement directement vers l'espace entourant la cheminée.